KEGG

Content
Description	The KEGG resource for deciphering the genome.
Contact
Research center	Kyoto University
Primary Citation	Kanehisa & al. (2004)[1]
Access
Website	http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/
Tools
Miscellaneous

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of online databases dealing with genomes, enzymatic pathways, and biological chemicals. The PATHWAY database records networks of molecular interactions in the cells, and variants of them specific to particular organisms. As of July 2011, KEGG has switched to a subscription model and access via FTP is no longer free.

Introduction[link]

The KEGG, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, was initiated by the Japanese human genome programme in 1995^[2]. According to the developers they consider KEGG to be a "computer representation" of the biological system^[3]. The KEGG database can be utilized for modeling and simulation, browsing and retrieval of data. It is a part of the systems biology approach.

KEGG maintains five main databases:^[1]

• KEGG Atlas
• KEGG Pathway
• KEGG Genes
• KEGG Ligand
• KEGG BRITE

Databases[link]

KEGG connects known information on molecular interaction networks, such as pathways and complexes (this is the Pathway Database), information about genes and proteins generated by genome projects (including the gene database) and information about biochemical compounds and reactions (including compound and reaction databases). These databases are different networks, known as the protein network, and the chemical universe respectively. There are efforts in progress to add to the knowledge of KEGG, including information regarding ortholog clusters in the KO (KEGG Orthology) database.^[1]

KEGG Pathways:

• Metabolism
• Genetic Information Processing
• Environmental Information Processing
• Cellular Processes
• Human Diseases
• Drug development

Ligand Database:

• Compound
• Drug
• Glycan
• Reaction
• RPAIR (Reactant pair alignments)
• Enzyme

See also[link]

• Comparative Toxicogenomics Database - CTD integrates KEGG pathways with toxicogenomic and disease data
• ConsensusPathDB, a molecular functional interaction database, integrating information from KEGG
• Uniprot
• Gene ontology

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Kanehisa M, Goto S, Kawashima S, Okuno Y, Hattori M (2004). "The KEGG resource for deciphering the genome.". Nucleic Acids Res 32 (Database issue): D277-80. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkh063. PMC 308797. PMID 14681412. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14681412. 
2. ^ Kanehisa M (1997). "A database for post-genome analysis.". Trends Genet 13 (9): 375–6. PMID 9287494. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9287494. 
3. ^ Kanehisa M, Goto S, Hattori M, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Itoh M, Kawashima S et al. (2006). "From genomics to chemical genomics: new developments in KEGG.". Nucleic Acids Res 34 (Database issue): D354-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkj102. PMC 1347464. PMID 16381885. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1347464. 

External links[link]

• Home page
• Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
• The entry for KEGG in MetaBase

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Maude Kegg (Ojibwa name Naawakamigookwe, meaning "Centered upon the Ground Woman"; 1904–1996) was an Ojibwa writer, folk artist, and cultural interpreter. She was a member of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, located in east-central Minnesota.

Background[link]

She was born as Maude Ellen Mitchell during the Manoominike-giizis (or "Ricing Moon"), which occurs in August, in 1904 in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, to Charles Mitchell, a member of the non-Removable Mille Lacs Indians of the Adik-doodem, and his wife, Nancy Pine.

Due to the death of her mother either in childbirth or soon afterwards, Maude Mitchell was raised by her father and her maternal grandmother, Margaret Pine, (also known in Ojibwe as Aakogwan).

Maude chose her own birthdate as August 26 since the exact date of her birth was not known.

Marriage[link]

She married Martin Kegg in 1920 in a traditional Indian manner, and, again in 1922 in a church or religious ceremony.

Honors[link]

Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich honored Maude by declaring August 26, 1986, as "Maude Kegg Day" for the State of Minnesota. In 1990, she was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in recognition of her work.

Death[link]

She died in January 1996, aged 91.

Bibliography[link]

• Gabekanaansing = At the end of the trail: memories of Chippewa childhood in Minnesota with texts in Ojibwe and English. University of Northern Colorado (Greeley, CO: 1978).
• Nookomis Gaa-Inaajimotawid: What My Grandmother Told Me with texts in Ojibwe (Chippewa) and English. Bemidji State University (Bemidji, MN: 1990).
• Ojibwewi-Ikidowinan: An Ojibwe Word Resource Book. Minnesota Archaeological Society (St. Paul, MN: 1979). Edited by John Nichols and Earl Nyholm.
• Portage Lake: memories of an Ojibwe childhood. University of Minnesota Press (Minneapolis: 1993).

See also[link]

• List of Native American artists
• List of Native American writers
• Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas

References[link]

• "Native American Authors Project: Maude Mitchell Kegg (Naawakamigookwe, Middle of the Earth), 1904-1996", URL accessed 08/02/06
• Buffalohead, Roger and Priscilla. Against the Tide of American History: The Story of Mille Lacs Anishinabe. Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (Cass Lake, Minnesota: 1985).

External links[link]

• Example of Maude Kegg's beadwork
• "Kegg's legacy lies in cultural appreciation", The Minnesota Daily
• "Maude Kegg, Naawakamigookwe", Voices from the Gaps: Women Writers of Color
• "1990 National Heritage Fellow", Lifetime Honors: National Endowment for the Arts