- published: 02 May 2009
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Send this Playlist by SMS
The Stooges - 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Song: 1969 Band: The Stooges Album: The Stooges Year: 1969 Genre: Proto-Punk Lyrics: Well it's 1969 OK all across the USA It's another year for me and you An...
http://wn.com/The_Stooges_1969
Song: 1969 Band: The Stooges Album: The Stooges Year: 1969 Genre: Proto-Punk Lyrics: Well it's 1969 OK all across the USA It's another year for me and you An...
The Internet in 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
A pre-conceived version of the internet.
http://wn.com/The_Internet_in_1969
woodstock 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Dedicated to all young people.
http://wn.com/woodstock_1969
John Lennon on The David Frost Show 1969 part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:08
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
The David Frost Show filmed in London 14th June 1969.
http://wn.com/John_Lennon_on_The_David_Frost_Show_1969_part_1
The David Frost Show filmed in London 14th June 1969.
- published: 31 Mar 2009
- views: 214934
- author: beatlesaus
Rolling Stones - Sympathy for The Devil ( Live 1969 Altamont
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Rolling Stones at Altamont in 1969 with Hells Angels doing Security playing Sympathy For The Devil! Classic piece of Rock and Roll History. All credit for th...
http://wn.com/Rolling_Stones_Sympathy_for_The_Devil_Live_1969_Altamont
Rolling Stones at Altamont in 1969 with Hells Angels doing Security playing Sympathy For The Devil! Classic piece of Rock and Roll History. All credit for th...
- published: 22 Jan 2009
- views: 2173600
- author: randy109
Mickey Mantle 1969 - Mickey Mantle Day, Yankee Stadium, 6/8/1969, WPIX-TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:21
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
YanksAtShea is VERY proud to present the complete telecast of the greatest of all NY Yankee Retirement Ceremonies, Mickey Mantle Day 1969 as aired over WPIX-...
http://wn.com/Mickey_Mantle_1969_Mickey_Mantle_Day,_Yankee_Stadium,_6_8_1969,_WPIX-TV
YanksAtShea is VERY proud to present the complete telecast of the greatest of all NY Yankee Retirement Ceremonies, Mickey Mantle Day 1969 as aired over WPIX-...
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 23105
- author: YanksAtShea
1968 Charger / 1969 Daytona - /BIG MUSCLE Garage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:57
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
The 1968 Dodge Charger and the 1969 Dodge Daytona. Two cars based off the same platform with very different personalities. These two old sleds are different ...
http://wn.com/1968_Charger_1969_Daytona_BIG_MUSCLE_Garage
The 1968 Dodge Charger and the 1969 Dodge Daytona. Two cars based off the same platform with very different personalities. These two old sleds are different ...
- published: 03 Jan 2013
- views: 545488
- author: /DRIVE
The Archies - Sugar, Sugar (Original 1969 Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
"Sugar, Sugar" is one of 16 animated music segments created to be shown on "The Archie Comedy Hour" on CBS-TV in 1969, and the song is included on The Archie...
http://wn.com/The_Archies_Sugar,_Sugar_Original_1969_Music_Video
"Sugar, Sugar" is one of 16 animated music segments created to be shown on "The Archie Comedy Hour" on CBS-TV in 1969, and the song is included on The Archie...
- published: 08 Dec 2010
- views: 5209746
- author: windsorbear
Sesame Street Premiere (1969)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:44
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
Episode one of the iconic kids show that premiered in 1969. Posted here in un-broken form for your viewing pleasure, since the previous episodic posts were b...
http://wn.com/Sesame_Street_Premiere_1969
Episode one of the iconic kids show that premiered in 1969. Posted here in un-broken form for your viewing pleasure, since the previous episodic posts were b...
- published: 23 May 2013
- views: 5759
- author: Travis Doucette
Santana - Evil Ways 1969 "Woodstock" Live Video Sound HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Santana - Evil Ways (Album 1969) Live from Woodstock Music Festival 1969, New York USA.
http://wn.com/Santana_Evil_Ways_1969_Woodstock_Live_Video_Sound_HQ
Santana - Evil Ways (Album 1969) Live from Woodstock Music Festival 1969, New York USA.
- published: 28 Oct 2012
- views: 447820
- author: NEA ZIXNH
1969 Rose Bowl: Ohio State vs. USC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 136:06
- Updated: 25 Jul 2013
http://wn.com/1969_Rose_Bowl_Ohio_State_vs_USC
De Sade (Starring Keir Dullea)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 116:08
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
1969 De Sade/ In The Private and Personal Collection of Phillip Anthony Nares. One of my personal favorites. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064212/ Keir Dullea...
http://wn.com/De_Sade_Starring_Keir_Dullea
1969 De Sade/ In The Private and Personal Collection of Phillip Anthony Nares. One of my personal favorites. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064212/ Keir Dullea...
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 686266
- author: Sade -A-Vision
1969 Nascar Southern 500
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:58
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
I do not own the copyrights to this video. This is the 1969 Southern 500 that I had on a VHS. It comes from a VHS set called "The Golden Era of Racing". If y...
http://wn.com/1969_Nascar_Southern_500
I do not own the copyrights to this video. This is the 1969 Southern 500 that I had on a VHS. It comes from a VHS set called "The Golden Era of Racing". If y...
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- views: 1593
- author: Michael Barr Jr.
1969 Camaro SS Twin Turbo Supercharged Nitrous Breathing Monster
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
A 1969 Camaro SS with Twin Turbos and a Super Charger...and a 200 shot of Nitrous..Horse power is unknown...but it is the most over the top Car I have ever s...
http://wn.com/1969_Camaro_SS_Twin_Turbo_Supercharged_Nitrous_Breathing_Monster
A 1969 Camaro SS with Twin Turbos and a Super Charger...and a 200 shot of Nitrous..Horse power is unknown...but it is the most over the top Car I have ever s...
- published: 18 Jun 2012
- views: 4297841
- author: ScottieDTV
Jefferson Airplane White Rabbit (Live At Woodstock 1969)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Jefferson_Airplane_White_Rabbit_Live_At_Woodstock_1969
★VENUS IN FURS (PAROXISMUS)★ 1969★DIR BY JESS FRANCO★ PSYCHEDELIC★ SEXPLOITATION★
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 67:08
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Originally titled "Paroxismus". Directed by the legendary Jesús Franco (1969). In Istanbul, a jazz trumpeter pulls the murdered body of a young woman from th...
http://wn.com/★VENUS_IN_FURS_PAROXISMUS★_1969★DIR_BY_JESS_FRANCO★_PSYCHEDELIC★_SEXPLOITATION★
Originally titled "Paroxismus". Directed by the legendary Jesús Franco (1969). In Istanbul, a jazz trumpeter pulls the murdered body of a young woman from th...
- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 20533
- author: Matthew Jaworski
Santana - Soul Sacrifice 1969 "Woodstock" Live Video HQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Santana - Soul Sacrifice (Album 1969) Woodstock Music Festival 1969, New York USA Carlos Santana - Guitar Gregg Rolie - Keyboards, Organ David Brown - Bass M...
http://wn.com/Santana_Soul_Sacrifice_1969_Woodstock_Live_Video_HQ
Santana - Soul Sacrifice (Album 1969) Woodstock Music Festival 1969, New York USA Carlos Santana - Guitar Gregg Rolie - Keyboards, Organ David Brown - Bass M...
- published: 04 Nov 2012
- views: 722249
- author: NEA ZIXNH
The Citadel 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:09
- Updated: 26 Aug 2013
This recruiting film was made in 1969 but not available until after we graduated. Now it is very old - as are we. Enjoy.
http://wn.com/The_Citadel_1969
This recruiting film was made in 1969 but not available until after we graduated. Now it is very old - as are we. Enjoy.
- published: 26 Aug 2013
- views: 7369
The Rolling Stones Honky Tonk Women David Frost Show 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
June, 16, 1969 Prepared Backing Track With Live Vocals David Frost Show.
http://wn.com/The_Rolling_Stones_Honky_Tonk_Women_David_Frost_Show_1969
June, 16, 1969 Prepared Backing Track With Live Vocals David Frost Show.
- published: 17 Aug 2012
- views: 91968
- author: RodrigoBrasileiro
1969 Liberace Show Liberace & Jack Benny
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:47
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Here is Liberace and Jack Benny performing on Liberace's 1969 television Series. The 3 DVD set will be released on September 18th. Titled Liberace Ultimate E...
http://wn.com/1969_Liberace_Show_Liberace_Jack_Benny
Here is Liberace and Jack Benny performing on Liberace's 1969 television Series. The 3 DVD set will be released on September 18th. Titled Liberace Ultimate E...
- published: 12 Aug 2007
- views: 339525
- author: showmanlee
Steppenwolf - Born to be wild 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Steppenwolf - Born to be wild 1969 (Soundtrack of the road film 'Easy Rider') Get your motor runnin' Head out on the highway Lookin' for adventure And whatev...
http://wn.com/Steppenwolf_Born_to_be_wild_1969
Steppenwolf - Born to be wild 1969 (Soundtrack of the road film 'Easy Rider') Get your motor runnin' Head out on the highway Lookin' for adventure And whatev...
- published: 02 Mar 2008
- views: 8997942
- author: fritz51139
LED ZEPPELIN LIVE 1969 Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:31
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
The March 1969 footage of Led Zeppelin performing Live on Danish TV Show..The Band, shot in White & Black is working his way with a four song set in front of...
http://wn.com/LED_ZEPPELIN_LIVE_1969_Part_1
The March 1969 footage of Led Zeppelin performing Live on Danish TV Show..The Band, shot in White & Black is working his way with a four song set in front of...
- published: 02 Sep 2011
- views: 1163349
- author: Jean Bonini
David Bowie- Space Oddity Original Video (1969)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Behold... the Originale music video for the David Bowie song Space Oddity from Bowie's promotional film, 'Love You Till Tuesday', originally released in 1969...
http://wn.com/David_Bowie_Space_Oddity_Original_Video_1969
Behold... the Originale music video for the David Bowie song Space Oddity from Bowie's promotional film, 'Love You Till Tuesday', originally released in 1969...
- published: 26 May 2006
- views: 7759911
- author: wHirLeD peAcE
photo: Creative Commons / Ar-ras
22 Oct 2013
The sultanate of Brunei has announced it will enforce a tough new Sharia law penal code. The code - to apply only to Muslims - is expected to introduce death by stoning for adulterers and the severing of limbs for theft. Brunei already adheres to a stronger form of Islamic law than neighbouring Malaysia and Indonesia, banning the sale and consumption of alcohol ... 'Near zero' ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
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The Examiner
24 Oct 2013
Your creepy chronicler has once again been inspired by real life events. The recent funeral for a friend (of a former lady-friend) included a slideshow and rock music ... Released in 1969 the single would sell two million copies and climb to number three on the U.S ... It’s off of the 1969 LP of the same name ... Rick Snyder wants his mourners to hear “You Can't Always Get What You Want” from The Rolling Stones’ 1969 LP Let It Bleed ... He says ... ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
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Canberra Times
24 Oct 2013
The 1969 Sunbeam Alpine is a classic British-made convertible. Richie Benaud injured during car crash. Richie Benaud isn’t the first celebrity to create headlines behind the wheel of the little-known Sunbeam Alpine ... Both vehicles ended up being wrecked during the car chases ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
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Stuff
24 Oct 2013
Featured would be a 1965 circuit-racing "Fleetwood" Mustang, early and late 1960s A, C, and K-code cars, early 1970s Mach 1 coupes, notch and fastbacks right through to the only 1969 Boss 429 in New Zealand - specially brought in for the occasion ... Saturday's show will run from 10am to about 4.30pm. Ad Feedback ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
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NZ Herald
24 Oct 2013
A director of failed firm Rockforte Finance has been sentenced to four years in jail while another got 11 months' home detention and 200 hours' community work ... The SFO said a significant portion of Rockforte investors' money was used as a source of funding for the directors' personal business interests in two companies - Gisborne Haulage and Michael Ward 1969, which operated the Jean Jones clothing label throughout New Zealand ... By. ....(size: 2.0Kb)
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Otago Daily Times
24 Oct 2013
A director of failed firm Rockforte Finance has been sentenced to four years in jail while another got 11 months' home detention and 200 hours' community work ... The SFO said a significant portion of Rockforte investors' money was used as a source of funding for the directors' personal business interests in two companies - Gisborne Haulage and Michael Ward 1969, which operated the Jean Jones clothing label throughout New Zealand ... APNZ. ....(size: 2.0Kb)
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Scoop
24 Oct 2013
Thursday, 24 October 2013, 12.45 pm. Article.. Former Rockforte Finance principals sentenced in fraud case. Oct ... The white-collar crime investigator alleged a significant portion of investor money was used to fund the directors’ personal business interests in Gisborne Haulage and Michael Ward 1969, which operated the Jean Jones label before the chain was sold by its receivers ... (BusinessDesk) ... CONTACT BUSINESSDESK. Email - Email -. ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
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BBC News
24 Oct 2013
Ten years ago today, our ever-shrinking world got a little bit bigger again. Three Concordes landed in a procession at Heathrow airport, while thousands of emotional fans looked on ... "No military plane came anywhere close ... France's Geoffroy de Courcel and the UK's Julian Amery (above) sign the Anglo-French supersonic airliner treaty 1969. Brian Trubshaw makes his first flight in the British-built prototype on 9 April 1969 ... ....(size: 7.3Kb)
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The Times of India
24 Oct 2013
CR -- ‘Tughlaq’ -- Simha avarige preethyaadarapoorvaka -- Girish, 30/5/1972. Noted theatre artiste, film actor and director CR Simha proudly shows off his autographed copy of the second edition of Girish Karnad’s play Tughlaq, presented to him by the playwright in 1972 ... “In fact, it was first directed by Prof BC (B Chandrashekhar ) in 1969 in Ravindra Kalakshetra. I played the role of Tughlaq....(size: 2.4Kb)
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noodls
24 Oct 2013
(Source. University of Guelph). October 23, 2013 - News Release. Research at the University of Guelph intended to turn crops into green products received major support today from BMO Financial Group. BMO will invest $1.25 million in U of G's efforts to sustain and grow the agricultural bio-economy ... A philanthropic supporter since its founding in 1817, BMO has supported the University since Guelph's first capital campaign in 1969 ... (noodl....(size: 3.3Kb)
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The Siasat Daily
24 Oct 2013
October 23. ... He recalled that when anti-Sikh riots had taken place after Indira Gandhi's assassination, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had said when a big tree falls the earth shakes. "Who is responsible for the riots in Mumbai (1993), Bhiwandi (1985), Meerut (1987), Moradabad (1980) and Surat (1969)? More people had died in these riots and there were charges that the police acted in a partisan manner ... Recommend Twitter. Comments(0)....(size: 3.5Kb)
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Richmond Times Dispatch
24 Oct 2013
A band of veterans traveling across the country is trying to bring together fellow warriors to fight a common enemy. Washington politicians. “Veterans, you are called to active service once more,” Steve Russell, a retired U.S ... “I know that there are a lot of issues going on at the Veterans Administration, and they’re not addressing our needs,” said Horace Washington, who fought in the Vietnam War from 1967 to 1969 ... We need more ... Twitter....(size: 4.1Kb)
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noodls
24 Oct 2013
(Source. Queen's University). 2013-10-23. By Craig Leroux, Senior Communications Officer. Four members of the Queen's community were presented with Distinguished Service Awards (DSA) this past weekend at the annual dinner of the University Council ... "While they have served in a number of different ways, they share a remarkable passion for this university." ... Ms ... Dr ... Dr. MacLean graduated from Queen's with an MA in 1967 and a PhD in 1969 ... (noodl....(size: 3.8Kb)
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Business Day
24 Oct 2013
Dating after a Divorce, by Karlien de Villiers. 51cm x 36cm. Discomfort Zone, by Karlien de Villiers. 180cm x 120cm. Related articles. ARTS ... LITERATURE has long inspired great art, such as Sir John Everett Millais’s 1852 painting Death of Ophelia; Ford Madox Brown’s Romeo and Juliet from 1870; the famous sketch of Don Quixote by Pablo Picasso created in 1955; and Salvador Dali’s Mad Tea Party from 1969 ... • www.worldart.co.za. ....(size: 4.0Kb)
This article is about the year 1969. For the number, see 1969 (number). For other uses, see 1969 (disambiguation).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1930s 1940s 1950s – 1960s – 1970s 1980s 1990s |
| Years: | 1966 1967 1968 – 1969 – 1970 1971 1972 |
| 1969 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1969 MCMLXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2722 |
| Armenian calendar | 1418 ԹՎ ՌՆԺԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6719 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 125–126 |
| Bengali calendar | 1376 |
| Berber calendar | 2919 |
| British Regnal year | 17 Eliz. 2 – 18 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2513 |
| Burmese calendar | 1331 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7477–7478 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊申年十一月十三日 (4605/4665-11-13) — to —
己酉年十一月廿三日(4606/4666-11-23) |
| Coptic calendar | 1685–1686 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1961–1962 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5729–5730 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2025–2026 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1891–1892 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5070–5071 |
| Holocene calendar | 11969 |
| Iranian calendar | 1347–1348 |
| Islamic calendar | 1388–1389 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 44 (昭和44年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4302 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 58 民國58年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2512 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1969 |
Year 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. The year is associated with the first manned landing on the Moon (Apollo 11).
Events[link]
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January[link]
- January 2
- Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch purchases the largest selling British Sunday newspaper, The News of the World.
- People's Democracy begins a march from Belfast to Derry, Northern Ireland in support of civil rights.
- Ohio State defeats USC in the Rose Bowl to win the national title for the 1968 season.
- January 5 – The Soviet Union launches Venera 5 toward Venus.
- January 6 – The final passenger train traverses the Waverley Line, which subsequently closed to passengers.
- January 10
- Members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) damage property and assault occupants in the Bogside in Derry. In response, residents erect barricades and establish Free Derry.
- The Soviet Union launches Venera 6 toward Venus.
- January 12
- Super Bowl III: The New York Jets of the American Football League defeat the heavily favored Baltimore Colts of the National Football League 16–7.
- Led Zeppelin I, Led Zeppelin's first studio recorded album, is released.
- Martial law is declared in Madrid, the University is closed and over 300 students are arrested.
- January 14
- An explosion aboard the USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 27 and injures 314.
- The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 4.
- January 15 – The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 5, which docked with Soyuz 4 for a transfer of crew.
- January 16 – Student Jan Palach sets himself on fire in Prague's Wenceslas Square to protest the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia; 3 days later he dies.
- January 18 – In Washington, D.C., the Smithsonian displays the art of Winslow Homer for 6 weeks.
- January 20
- Richard Milhous Nixon succeeds Lyndon Baines Johnson as the 37th President of the United States of America.
37th President Richard M. Nixon
- After 147 years, the last issue of The Saturday Evening Post is published.
- Richard Milhous Nixon succeeds Lyndon Baines Johnson as the 37th President of the United States of America.
- January 26 – Elvis Presley steps into American Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, recording "Long Black Limousine" thus beginning the recording of what becomes his landmark comeback sessions for the albums From Elvis in Memphis and Back in Memphis. The sessions yield the popular and critically acclaimed singles "Suspicious Minds," "In the Ghetto" and "Kentucky Rain."
- January 27
- Fourteen men, nine of them Jews, are executed in Baghdad for spying for Israel.
- Reverend Ian Paisley, hardline Protestant leader in Northern Ireland, is jailed for 3 months for illegal assembly.
- The present-day Hetch Hetchy Moccasin Powerhouse, rated at 100,000 KVA, is completed and placed in operation.
- January 28 – A blow-out on Union Oil's Platform spills 80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil into a channel and onto the beaches of Santa Barbara County in Southern California inspiring Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson to organize the first Earth Day in 1970
- January 30 – The Beatles give their last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records. The impromptu concert was broken up by the police.
February[link]
- February 2
- Two cosmonauts transfer from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4 via a spacewalk while the two craft are docked together, the first time such a transfer takes place. The two spacecraft undock. Soyuz 4 will reenter Earth's atmosphere and land February 17 while Soyuz 5 will have a hard landing February 18.
- Ten paintings are defaced in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- February 4 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is elected Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.
- February 5 – A huge oil spill off the coast of Santa Barbara, California closes the city's harbor.
- February 7 – The original Hetch Hetchy Moccasin Powerhouse is removed from service.
- February 8 – The last issue of The Saturday Evening Post hits magazine stands.
- February 9 – The Boeing 747 makes its maiden flight.
- February 13 – FLQ terrorists bomb the Stock Exchange in Montreal, Quebec.
- February 14 – Pope Paul VI issues a motu proprio deleting many names from the Roman calendar of saints (including Valentine, who was celebrated on that day).
- February 17 – Aquanaut Berry L. Cannon dies of carbon dioxide poisoning while attempting to repair the SEALAB III habitat off San Clemente Island, California.
- February 24
- The Mariner 6 Mars probe is launched.
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the First Amendment applies to public schools.
March[link]
- March 2
- March 3
- In a Los Angeles, California court, Sirhan Sirhan admits that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.
- Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 (James McDivitt, David Scott, Rusty Schweickart) to test the lunar module.
- March 10
- In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. (he later retracts his guilty plea).
- The novel The Godfather (novel) by Mario Puzo is published.
- March 13 – Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.
- March 17
- The Longhope, Orkney lifeboat in Scotland is lost; the entire crew of 8 die.
- Golda Meir becomes the first female prime minister of Israel.
- March 18 – Operation Breakfast, the secret bombing of Cambodia, begins.
- March 19
- British paratroopers and Marines land on the island of Anguilla.
- A 385 metres (1,263 ft) tall TV-mast at Emley Moor, UK, collapses due to ice build-up.
- March 22 – The landmark art exhibition When Attitudes become Form, curated by Harald Szeemann opens at the Kunsthalle Bern in Bern, Switzerland.
- March 28 – Former United States General and President Dwight D. Eisenhower dies after a long illness in the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C..
- March 29 – The Eurovision Song Contest 1969 is held in Madrid, and results in four co-winners, with 18 votes each, from Spain, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France.
April[link]
- April 1 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the Royal Air Force.
- April 4 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
- April 9
- The Harvard University Administration Building is seized by close to 300 students, mostly members of the Students for a Democratic Society. Before the takeover ends, 45 will be injured and 184 arrested.
- Fermín Monasterio Pérez is killed by the ETA in Biscay, Spain, being the 4th victim in the name of Basque nationalism.
- April 13 – Queensland: The Brisbane Tramways end service after 84 years of operation.
- April 15 – The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down the aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.
- April 20
- British troops arrive in Northern Ireland to reinforce the Royal Ulster Constabulary.
- A grassroots movement of Berkeley community members seizes an empty lot owned by the University of California to begin the formation of "People's Park".
- April 22 – Robin Knox-Johnston becomes the first person to sail around the world solo without stopping.
- April 24 – Recently formed British Leyland launches their first new model, the Austin Maxi in Portugal .
- April 28 – Charles de Gaulle steps down as president of France after suffering defeat in a referendum the day before.
May[link]
- May 10
- Zip to Zap, a harbinger of the Woodstock Concert, ends with the dispersal and eviction of youth and young adults at Zap, North Dakota by the National Guard.
- The Battle of Dong Ap Bia, also known as Hamburger Hill, begins during the Vietnam War.
- The ceneteary of the connecting of the First Transcontinental Railroad at Promontory Point, Utah is celebrated.
- May 13 – May 13 Incident: Race riots occur in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- May 14 – Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi visits Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
- May 15 – An American teenager known as 'Robert R.' dies in St. Louis, Missouri, of a baffling medical condition. In 1984 it will be identified as the first confirmed case of HIV/AIDS in North America.
- May 16 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet spaceprobe, lands on Venus.
- May 17 – Venera program: Soviet probe Venera 6 begins to descend into Venus' atmosphere, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.
- May 18 – Apollo program: Apollo 10 (Tom Stafford, Gene Cernan, John Young) is launched, on the full dress-rehearsal for the Moon landing.
- May 20 – United States National Guard helicopters spray skin-stinging powder on anti-war protesters in California.
- May 21 – Rosariazo: Civil unrest breaks out in Rosario, Argentina, following the death of a 15-year-old student.
- May 22 – Apollo program: Apollo 10's lunar module flies to within 15,400 m of the Moon's surface.
- May 25 – Midnight Cowboy, an X-rated, oscar winning John Schlesinger film, debuts.
- May 26
- Andean Pact (Andean Group) established.
- Apollo program: Apollo 10 returns to Earth, after a successful 8-day test of all the components needed for the upcoming first manned Moon landing.
- May 26–June 2 – John Lennon and Yoko Ono conduct their Bed-In at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.
- May 29
- Cordobazo: A general strike and civil unrest break out in Córdoba, Argentina.
- Guided tours begin at the Kremlin and other government sites in Moscow.
- May 30 – Riots in Curaçao mark the start of an Afro-Caribbean civil rights movement on the island.
June[link]
- June 3 – While operating at sea on SEATO maneuvers, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne accidentally rammed and sliced in two the American destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in the South China Sea, killing 74 American seamen.
- June 5 – An international communist conference begins in Moscow.
- June 7 – The rock supergroup Blind Faith play its debut gig in front of 100,000 people in London's Hyde Park.
- June 8 – U.S. President Richard Nixon and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu meet at Midway Island. Nixon announces that 25,000 U.S. troops will be withdrawn by September.
- June 18–June 22 – The National Convention of the Students for a Democratic Society, held in Chicago, collapses, and the Weatherman faction seizes control of the SDS National Office. Thereafter, any activity run from the National Office or bearing the name of SDS is Weatherman-controlled.
- June 20 – Georges Pompidou is elected President of France.
- June 22
- The Cuyahoga River fire helps spur an avalanche of water pollution control activities resulting in the Clean Water Act, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency
- Judy Garland dies of drug overdose in her London home
- June 23 – Warren E. Burger is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States by retiring Chief Justice Earl Warren.
- June 24 – The United Kingdom and Rhodesia sever diplomatic ties.
- June 28 – The Stonewall riots in New York City mark the start of the modern gay rights movement in the U.S.
July[link]
- July 1 – Charles, Prince of Wales, is invested with his title at Caernarfon.
- July 4 – Michael Mageau and Darlene Ferrin are shot at Blue Rock Springs in California. They are the second (known) victims of the Zodiac Killer. Mageau survives the attack while Ferrin was pronounced dead-on-arrival at Kaiser Foundation Hospital - Richmond.
- July 5 – Tom Mboya, Kenyan Minister of Development, is assassinated.
- July 7 – French is made equal to English throughout the Canadian national government.
- July 8 – Vietnam War: The very first U.S. troop withdrawals are made.
- July 10 – Donald Crowhurst's trimaran Teignmouth Electron is found drifting and unoccupied. It is assumed that Crowhurst might have committed suicide.
- July 14
- Football War: After Honduras loses a soccer game against El Salvador, rioting breaks out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers. Of the 300,000 Salvadoran workers in Honduras, tens of thousands are expelled, prompting a brief Salvadoran invasion of Honduras. The OAS works out a cease-fire on July 18, which takes effect on July 20.
- Act of Free Choice commenced in Merauke, West Irian.
- July 16 – Apollo program: Apollo 11 (Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins) lifts off toward the first landing on the Moon.
- July 17 – The New York Times publicly takes back the ridicule of the rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard published in 13 Jan 1920 that spaceflight is impossible.[1]
- July 18 – Chappaquiddick incident – Edward M. Kennedy drives off a bridge on his way home from a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts. Mary Jo Kopechne, a former campaign aide to his brother, dies in the early morning hours of July 19 in the submerged car.
- July 19
- Gloria Diaz wins the Miss Universe Pageant, with the Philippines receiving its first title.
- John Fairfax lands in Hollywood Beach, Florida near Miami and becomes the first person to row across an ocean solo, after 180 days spent at sea on board 25' ocean rowboat 'Britannia' (left Gran Canaria on January 20, 1969).
- July 20 – Apollo program: The lunar module Eagle lands on the lunar surface. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watch in awe as Neil Armstrong takes his historic first steps on the Moon at 02:56 UTC, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time.[2][3]
- July 24
- The Apollo 11 astronauts return from the first successful Moon landing, and are placed in biological isolation for several days, on the chance they may have brought back lunar germs. The airless lunar environment is later determined to preclude microscopic life.
- The Soviet Union returns Gerald Brooke to the United Kingdom in exchange for spies Peter and Helen Kroger (Morris and Lona Cohen).
- July 25 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This starts the "Vietnamization" of the war.
- July 26 – The New York Chapter of the Young Lords was founded
- July 30 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam, meeting with President Nguyen Van Thieu and U.S. military commanders.
- July 31 – The halfpenny ceases to be legal tender in the UK.
August[link]
- August 4 – Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, U.S. representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations. They eventually fail since both sides cannot agree to any terms.
- August 5 – Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars (3,524 kilometers).
- August 8
- The Beatles at 11:30 have photographer Iain Macmillan take their photo on a zebra crossing on Abbey Road.
- A fire breaks out in the Bannerman's Castle in the Hudson River; most of the roof collapses and crashes down to the lower levels.
- August 9
- The Haunted Mansion attraction opens at Disneyland California. Later versions opened in Florida, Tokyo and Paris.
- Followers of Charles Manson murder Sharon Tate, (who was eight months pregnant), and her friends: Folgers coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Wojciech Frykowski, and Hollywood hairstylist Jay Sebring at the home of Tate and her husband, Roman Polanski, in Los Angeles, California. Also killed was Steven Parent, leaving from a visit to the Polanskis' caretaker. More than 100 stab wounds are found on the victims, except for Parent, who had been shot almost as soon as the Manson Family entered the property.
- August 10 – The Manson Family kills Leno and Rosemary LaBianca, wealthy Los Angeles businesspeople.
- August 12 – Violence erupts after the Apprentice Boys of Derry march in Derry, Northern Ireland, resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the Battle of the Bogside.
- August 13 – Serious border clashes occur between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.
- August 14 – British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland following the 3-day Battle of the Bogside.
- August 15–August 18 – The Woodstock Festival is held in upstate New York, featuring some of the top rock musicians of the era.
- August 17 – Category 5 Hurricane Camille, the most powerful tropical cyclonic system at landfall in history, hits the Mississippi coast, killing 248 people and causing US$1.5 billion in damage (1969 dollars).
- August 20 – Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument is established in Florissant, CO, USA
- August 21 – Australian Denis Michael Rohan sets the Al-Aqsa Mosque on fire.
September[link]
- September 1 – A coup in Libya ousts King Idris, and brings Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi to power.
- September 2
- The first automatic teller machine in the United States is installed in Rockville Centre, New York.
- Ho Chi Minh, former president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam dies.
- September 5 – My Lai Massacre: Lieutenant William Calley is charged with 6 counts of premeditated murder, for the deaths of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.
- September 6 – TV series H.R. Pufnstuf debuts on NBC
- September 9 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 DC-9 collides in flight with a Piper PA-28, and crashes near Fairland, Indiana killing all 83 persons in both aircraft.
- September 13 – The first-ever episode of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is broadcast on CBS: "What a Night for a Knight".
- September 20 – The very last Warner Bros. cartoon of the original theatrical Looney Tunes series is released: Injun Trouble.
- September 22–September 25 – An Islamic conference in Rabat, Morocco, following the al-Aqsa Mosque fire (August 21), condemns the Israeli claim of ownership of Jerusalem.
- September 23 – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid directed by George Roy Hill and starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford opens to limited release in the U.S.
- September 24 – The Chicago Eight trial begins in Chicago, Illinois.
- September 25 – Organisation of the Islamic Conference founded.
- September 26
- The Beatles release their Abbey Road album, receiving critical praise and enormous commercial success.
- The Brady Bunch premieres on ABC.
- September 28 – The Social Democrats and the Free Democrats receive a majority of votes in the German parliamentary elections, and decide to form a common government.
October[link]
- October 1
- In Sweden, Olof Palme is elected Labour Party leader, replacing Tage Erlander as prime minister on October 14.
- The Beijing Subway begins operation.
- October 2 – A 1.2 megaton thermonuclear device is tested at Amchitka Island, Alaska. This test is code-named Project Milrow, the 11th test of the Operation Mandrel 1969–1970 underground nuclear test series. This test is known as a "calibration shot" to test if the island is fit for larger underground nuclear detonations.
- October 5 – Monty Python's Flying Circus first airs on BBC One.
- October 9–October 12 – Days of Rage: In Chicago, the United States National Guard is called in to control demonstrations involving the radical Weathermen, in connection with the "Chicago Eight" Trial.
- October 15 – Vietnam War: Hundreds of thousands of people take part in Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam demonstrations across the United States.
- October 16 – The "miracle" New York Mets win the World Series, beating the heavily favored Baltimore Orioles 4 games to 1.
- October 17
- Willard S. Boyle and George Smith invent the CCD at Bell Laboratories (30 years later, this technology is widely used in digital cameras).
- Fourteen black athletes are kicked off the University of Wyoming football team for wearing black armbands into their coach's office.
- October 21
- Willy Brandt becomes Chancellor of West Germany.
- General Siad Barre comes to power in Somalia in a coup, 6 days after the assassination of President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke.
- October 29 – The first message is sent over ARPANET, the forerunner of the internet.
- October 31 – Wal-Mart incorporates as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
November[link]
- November 3
- Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the "silent majority" to join him in solidarity with the Vietnam War effort, and to support his policies. Vice President Spiro T. Agnew denounces the President's critics as 'an effete corps of impudent snobs' and 'nattering nabobs of negativism'.
- Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of Turkey (31st government)
- November 9 – A group of Amerindians, led by Richard Oakes, seizes Alcatraz Island for 19 months, inspiring a wave of renewed Indian pride and government reform.
- November 10 – Sesame Street premieres on the National Educational Television (NET) network.
- November 12 – Vietnam War – My Lai Massacre: Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai story.
- November 14 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12 (Pete Conrad, Richard Gordon, Alan Bean), the second manned mission to the Moon.
- November 15
- Cold War: The Soviet submarine K-19 collides with the American submarine USS Gato in the Barents Sea.
- Vietnam War: In Washington, DC, 250,000–500,000 protesters stage a peaceful demonstration against the war, including a symbolic "March Against Death".
- Regular colour television broadcasts begin on BBC1 and ITV in UK.
- Dave Thomas opens his first restaurant in a former steakhouse on a cold, snowy Saturday in downtown Columbus, Ohio. He names the chain Wendy's after his 8-year-old daughter Melinda Lou (nicknamed Wendy by her siblings).
- November 17 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, to begin the SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
- November 19
- Apollo program: Apollo 12 astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean land at Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms"), becoming the third and fourth humans to walk on the Moon.
- Soccer great Pelé scores his 1,000th goal.
- November 20
- Vietnam War: The Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Vietnam.
- Richard Oakes returns with 90 followers and offers to buy Alcatraz for $24 (he leaves the island January 1970).
- November 21
- U.S. President Richard Nixon and Japanese Premier Eisaku Sato agree in Washington, D.C. to the return of Okinawa to Japanese control in 1972. Under the terms of the agreement, the U.S. retains rights to military bases on the island, but they must be nuclear-free.
- The first ARPANET link is established (the progenitor of the global Internet).
- The United States Senate votes down the Supreme Court nomination of Clement Haynsworth, the first such rejection since 1930.
- November 24 – Apollo program: The Apollo 12 spacecraft splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean, ending the second manned mission to the Moon.
- November 25 – John Lennon returns his MBE medal to protest the British government's support of the U.S. war in Vietnam.
December[link]
- December 1 – Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II (on January 4, 1970, the New York Times will run a long article, "Statisticians Charge Draft Lottery Was Not Random").
- December 2 – The Boeing 747 jumbo jet makes its debut. It carries 191 people, most of them reporters and photographers, from Seattle, Washington, to New York City.
- December 4 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot dead in their sleep during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.
- December 6 – The Altamont Free Concert is held at the Altamont Speedway in northern California. Hosted by the Rolling Stones, it is an attempt at a "Woodstock West" and is best known for the uproar of violence that occurred. It is viewed by many as the "end of the sixties."
- December 12 – The Piazza Fontana bombing in Italy (Strage di Piazza Fontana) takes place. A U.S. Navy officer and C.I.A. agent called David Carrett is later investigated for possible involvement.
- December 28 – The Young Lords took over the First Spanish Methodist Church in East Harlem.
- December 30 – The Linwood bank robbery leaves two police officers dead.
- December 31 – The date you are commonly given when a computer's time is set to 0 in seconds. Start of the Unix Epoch.
Date unknown[link]
- Common African, Malagasy and Mauritian Organization (OCAMM) (Organisation Commune Africaine Malgache et Mauricienne).
- The first Gap store opens, in San Francisco.
- Reported as being the year the first strain of the AIDS virus (HIV) migrates to the United States via Haiti.[4]
- Summer sees the invention of Unix under the potential name "Unics" (after Multics).
- Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull publish their book The Peter Principle: why things always go wrong in New York.
- Women are allowed membership into the Future Farmers of America (now the National FFA Organization).
- Long John Silver's restaurant chain opens first store in Lexington, Kentucky.
Births[link]
January–February[link]
- January 1
- Regina Kent, Hong Kong actress (d.1999)
- Sophie Okonedo, Academy Award nominated British actress
- January 2
- Dean Francis Alfar, Filipino author
- Christy Turlington, American fashion model
- Tommy Morrison, American boxer
- January 3 – Michael Schumacher, German race car driver
- January 5 – Marilyn Manson, American rock musician
- January 8 – Jeff Abercrombie, American rock musician (Fuel)
- January 13 – Stephen Hendry, British snooker player
- January 14
- Jason Bateman, American actor
- David Grohl, American rock drummer and composer (Nirvana, Foo Fighters)
- January 15 – Meret Becker, German actress and musician
- January 16
- Roy Jones Jr., American boxer
- Per "Dead" Yngve Ohlin, Norwegian vocalist (d. 1991)
- January 17
- Lukas Moodysson, Swedish film director
- DJ Tiesto, Dutch trance DJ
- January 18 – David "Batista" Bautista, American professional wrestler
- January 19 – Junior Seau, American NFL player (d. 2012)
- January 20 – Patrick K. Kroupa, American writer, hacker
- January 22 – John Linton Roberson, American cartoonist and writer
- January 27 – Cornelius, Japanese rock musician, singer and producer (Flipper's Guitar)
- January 28 – Kathryn Morris, American actress
- January 29 – hyde, Japanese rock musician, singer and guitarist
- February 1 – Gabriel Batistuta, Argentine footballer
- February 3 – Retief Goosen, South African golfer
- February 5 – Bobby Brown, American singer
- February 9 – Ian Eagle, American sports announcer
- February 11 – Jennifer Aniston, American actress
- February 12
- Hong Myung-Bo, South Korean footballer
- Brad Werenka, Canadian ice-hockey player
- February 13 – Ahlam, Arabic singer
- February 15 – Fulvio Valbusa, Italian cross-country skier
- February 19 – Burton C. Bell, American rock vocalist/lyricist
- February 20 – Keiji Takayama, Japanese professional wrestler
- February 21 – Petra Kronberger, Austrian alpine skier
- February 23
- Michael Campbell, New Zealand golfer
- Marc Wauters, Belgian cyclist
- February 24 – Christine Ng, Hong Kong actress
- February 28 – Robert Sean Leonard, American actor
March–April[link]
- March 1
- Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
- Litefoot, Native American actor
- Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh rock drummer (Super Furry Animals)
- March 4
- Chaz Bono, American actor and advocate of gay rights
- Jason Townsend, American artist and record producer
- Patrick Roach, Canadian actor
- Annie Shizuka Inoh, Taiwanese actress
- March 7 – Todd Williams, American long-distance runner
- March 10 – Paget Brewster, American actress
- March 11
- Soraya, Colombian singer and multi-instrumentalist (d. 2006)
- Terrence Howard, American actor
- March 15
- Timo Kotipelto, Finnish musician
- Yutaka Take, Japanese jockey
- March 17 – Alexander McQueen, British fashion designer (d. 2010)
- March 18 – Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess grandmaster
- March 19
- Patrick Tam, Hong Kong actor
- Connor Trinneer, American actor
- March 20 – Kenneth Keith Kallenbach, American comedian (d. 2008)
- March 21
- March 24 – Stephan Eberharter, Austrian alpine skier
- March 27 – Pauley Perrette, American actress
- March 28 – Rodney Atkins, America country music singer-songwriter
- March 31 – Samantha Brown, American television host
- April 1 – Fadl Shaker, Lebanese singer
- April 3 – Lance Storm, Canadian professional wrestler
- April 6
- Bret Boone, American baseball player
- Paul Rudd, American actor
- April 9 – Debbie Schlussel, Political commentator & film critic
- April 10 – Billy Jayne, American actor
- April 11
- Cerys Matthews, Welsh singer
- Chisato Moritaka, Japanese singer
- April 17 – Henry Ian Cusick, Peruvian actor
- April 19
- Shannon Lee, Chinese-American actress
- Susan Polgar, Hungarian chess player
- April 22 – Dion Dublin, English footballer
- April 25
- Joe Buck, American baseball and football broadcaster
- Vanessa Beecroft, Italian artist
- Renée Zellweger, American actress
May–June[link]
- May 2 – Brian Lara, West Indian cricketer
- May 3 – Daryl F. Mallett, American author and actor
- May 4
- Micah Aivazoff, Canadian ice hockey player
- Christina Billotte, American Musician
- May 6 – Jim Magilton, Northern Irish footballer
- May 7 – Eagle Eye Cherry, Swedish-born musician
- May 9 – Amber, Dutch musician
- May 10 – Dennis Bergkamp, Dutch soccer player
- May 12 – Kevin Nalty, American YouTube comedian
- May 13
- Nikos Aliagas, French-born television host
- Brian Carroll (a.k.a. Buckethead), American guitarist
- May 14
- Cate Blanchett, Australian actress
- Danny Wood, American singer (New Kids on the Block)
- May 15
- Hideki Irabu, Japanese baseball player (d. 2011)
- Emmitt Smith, American football player
- Asalah Nasri, Syrian singer
- May 16
- David Boreanaz, American actor
- Tracey Gold, American actress
- Steve Lewis, American athlete
- May 18 – Martika, American singer
- May 21 – Georgiy R. Gongadze, Ukrainian journalist (d. 2000)
- May 25
- Stacy London, American fashion consultant and media personality
- Anne Heche, American actress
- May 26 – Musetta Vander, South African actress
- June 4
- Rob Huebel, American comedian
- Eugene Chung, Korean-American Football Player
- Takako Minekawa, Japanese musician, composer and writer
- June 7 – Kim Rhodes, American actress
- June 8 – J.P. Manoux, American actor
- June 11 – Steven Drozd, American rock drummer (The Flaming Lips)
- June 12 – Zsolt Daczi, Hungarian rock guitarist (d. 2007)
- June 13 – Søren Rasted, Danish musician (Aqua)
- June 14
- Steffi Graf, German tennis player
- MC Ren, American rapper (N.W.A)
- June 15
- Oliver Kahn, German football goalkeeper
- Ice Cube, American rapper and actor
- Maurice Odumbe, Kenyan cricketer
- June 17 – Paul Tergat, Kenyan athlete
- June 18 – Pål Pot Pamparius, Norwegian rock guitarist and keyboardist (Turbonegro)
- June 20 – Paulo Bento, Portuguese football player and coach
- June 23 – Fernanda Ribeiro, Portuguese long-distance runner
- June 24 – Sissel Kyrkjebø, Norwegian singer
- June 25
- Matt Gallant, American television host
- Storm Large, American singer and actor
- Zim Zum, American guitarist
- June 29
- Ilan Mitchell-Smith, American actor
- Toru Hashimoto, Japanese local governor
- June 30 – Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer
July–August[link]
- July 4 – Jordan Sonnenblick, American teacher and novelist
- July 5 – John LeClair, American hockey player
- July 7
- Sylke Otto, German luger
- Joe Sakic, Canadian hockey player
- July 8 – Sugizo, Japanese guitarist and singer
- July 10 – Gale Harold, American actor
- July 11 – David Tao, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
- July 18 – Masanori Murakawa, Japanese professional wrestler
- July 20 – Josh Holloway, American actor
- July 21 – Godfrey, American comedian and actor
- July 22 – Despina Vandi, Greek singer
- July 24 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress and singer
- July 26 – Tanni Grey-Thompson, British Paralympian
- July 27 – Triple H (aka Paul Levesque), American professional wrestler
- July 30 – Mandakini (aka Yasmeen Joseph), Indian Bollywood actress
- July 31 – Antonio Conte, Italian football player and manager
- August 2
- Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer
- Jan Axel Blomberg, Norwegian drummer
- August 4 – Max Cavalera, Brazilian musician and singer (Soulfly)
- August 5 – Graham Elwood, American comedian and game show host
- August 6 – Elliott Smith, American musician (d. 2003)
- August 8
- August 9 – Troy Percival, American baseball player
- August 10 – Brian Drummond, Canadian voice actor
- August 11
- Vanderlei de Lima, Brazilian long-distance runner
- Ashley Jensen, British actress
- August 13 – Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater
- August 15
- Kevin Cheng, Hong Kong television actor and singer
- Justin Broadrick, British musician
- August 17 – Donnie Wahlberg, American singer (New Kids on the Block)
- August 18
- Edward Norton, American actor
- Christian Slater, American actor
- August 19
- Matthew Perry, Canadian actor
- Nate Dogg, American rapper (d. 2011)
- Clay Walker, American singer
- August 25 – Cameron Mathison, Canadian-born actor
- August 28 – Jack Black, American actor and musician
- August 29
September–October[link]
- September 2
- Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey, American singer
- Dave Naz, American photographer
- September 3 – Robert Karlsson, Swedish golfer
- September 5 – Dweezil Zappa, American actor and musician
- September 7 – Diane Farr, American actress
- September 9
- Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model and actress
- Constance Marie, American actress
- September 10 – Ai Jing, Chinese singer
- September 12
- Ángel Cabrera, Argentine golfer
- Shigeki Maruyama, Japanese golfer
- September 13 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
- September 14 – Bong Joon-ho, South Korean screenwriter and film director
- September 17 – Ken Doherty, Irish snooker player
- September 19 – Michael Symon, American chef and television personality
- September 23
- Mahir Çağrı, Turkish Internet celebrity
- Michelle Thomas, American actress (d. 1998)
- September 24
- DeVante Swing, American music producer
- Shawn "Clown" Crahan, American rock percussionist (Slipknot, Dirty Little Rabbits)
- September 25
- Yves Amyot, Québécois actor
- Hansie Cronje, South African cricketer (d. 2002)
- Hal Sparks, American actor and comedian
- Heather Stewart-Whyte, British model
- Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress
- September 26
- Victor N'Gembo-Mouanda, Congolese author
- Paul Warhurst, English football player
- September 29 – Erika Eleniak, American model and actress
- October 1 – Igor Ulanov, Russian hockey player
- October 2
- Mitch English, American actor and television host
- Jun Akiyama, Japanese professional wrestler
- October 3 – Gwen Stefani, American rock singer (No Doubt)
- October 5 – Elizabeth Azcona Bocock, Honduran politician
- October 6
- Adrienne Armstrong, American wife of Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day
- Ogün Temizkanoğlu, Turkish football player
- October 7
- Benny Chan Muk-Sing, Hong Kong film director
- Benny Chan Ho Man, Hong Kong actor
- October 8 – Julia Ann, American porn actress
- October 9 – Polly Jean Harvey, British singer-songwriter
- October 10 – Brett Favre, American football player
- October 13
- Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
- Rhett Akins, American country singer
- October 14 – David Strickland, American actor (d. 1999)
- October 17
- Ernie Els, South African golfer
- Jesus Angel Garcia, Spanish race walker
- Nancy Sullivan, American actress
- October 19 – Trey Parker, American television producer
- October 20
- Juan González, American baseball player
- Laurie Daley, Australian rugby league player
- October 21
- Michael Hancock, Australian rugby league footballer
- Angela Vincent, Australian actress
- October 24
- Peter Dolving, Swedish musician
- Adela Noriega, Mexican actress
- October 25
- Josef Beranek, Czech ice hockey player
- Alex Webster, American bassist
- Oleg Salenko, Russian football player
- October 29 – Ha Hee-ra, Korean actress
- October 30 – Clay Enos, American photographer
- October (date unknown) – Molly Kiely, American cartoonist
November–December[link]
- November 2 – Reginald Arvizu (aka Fieldy Snuts), American bassist
- November 4
- Sean "Diddy" Combs, American rapper
- Matthew McConaughey, American actor
- November 7
- Michelle Clunie, American actress
- Hélène Grimaud, French pianist
- Bryant H. McGill, American poet
- November 8 – Roxana Zal, American actress
- November 9 – Allison Wolfe, American musician
- November 10
- Jens Lehmann, German football player
- Ellen Pompeo, American actress
- Faustino Asprilla, Colombian football player
- November 11 – Carson Kressley, American fashion expert
- November 12
- Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician
- Johnny Gosch, American child kidnap victim
- November 13 – Gerard Butler, Scottish actor
- November 17
- Jean-Michel Saive, Belgian table tennis player
- Ryotaro Okiayu, Japanese seiyu (voice actor)
- November 18
- Sam Cassell, American basketball player
- Kathleen Van Brempt, Belgian politician
- Ahmed Helmy, Egyptian actor
- November 19 – Ertuğrul Sağlam, Turkish football coach and former player
- November 20 – AQi Fzono, Japanese composer
- November 21 – Ken Griffey, Jr., American baseball player
- November 23 – Robin Padilla, Filipino actor
- November 24 – David Adeang, Nauruan politician
- November 28 – Lexington Steele, American actor and film director
- November 29
- Chris Baker, American race car driver
- Pierre van Hooijdonk, Dutch footballer
- Mariano Rivera, Panamanian Major League Baseball player
- Kasey Keller, American Major League Soccer player
- December 4 – Jay-Z, American rapper
- December 7 – Suhail A. Khan, American activist
- December 8 – Kerry Earnhardt, American race car driver
- December 11
- Sean Grande, American basketball announcer
- Viswanathan Anand, Indian chess Grandmaster
- December 14 – Archie Kao, Chinese-American film and television actor
- December 15 – Rick Law, American illustrator and producer
- December 16 – Michelle Smith, Irish swimmer
- December 17 – Chuck Liddell, American mixed martial arts fighter
- December 18
- Irvin Duguid, Scottish rock keyboard player (Stiltskin)
- Joe Randa, American Major League Baseball player and radio talk-show host
- Mille Petrozza, German-Italian rock vocalist and guitarist (Kreator)
- December 19
- Kristy Swanson, American actress
- Richard Hammond, British TV presenter
- Lauren Sánchez, American news anchor
- Villano IV, Mexican wrestler
- December 20 – Chisa Yokoyama, Japanese seiyuu
- December 21
- Julie Delpy, French actress
- Magnus Samuelsson, Swedish bodybuilder and former World's Strongest Man
- December 23
- Martha Byrne, American actress and singer
- Rob Pelinka, American sports agent
- December 28 – Linus Torvalds, Finnish computer programmer
- December 29 – George Fisher, (aka "CorpseGrinder"), American musician
- December 30 – Jason Kay, English singer (Jamiroquai)
- December 31
- Dominik Diamond, Scottish presenter and newspaper columnist
- Lance Reddick, American actor
Deaths[link]
January–March[link]
- January 1 – Barton MacLane, American actor (b. 1902)
- January 2 – Gilbert Miller(aka Gilbert Heron) American theatrical producer (b. 1884)
- January 3 – Howard McNear, American actor (b. 1905)
- January 4 – Violet and Daisy Hilton, English conjoined twin actresses (b. 1908)
- January 8 – Albert Hill, British athlete (b. 1889)
- January 16 – Vernon Duke, Russian-American songwriter (b. 1903)
- January 19 – Jan Palach, Czech student protester (suicide) (b. 1948)
- January 25 – Irene Castle, English dancer (b. 1893)
- January 27 – Charles Winninger, American actor (b. 1884)
- January 29 – Allen Dulles, American director of the Central Intelligence Agency (b. 1893)
- January 30 – Georges Pire, Belgian monk, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1910)
- January 31 – Meher Baba, Indian spiritual master (b. 1894)
- February 2 – Boris Karloff, English actor (b. 1887)
- February 3 – Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambican FRELIMO leader (assassinated) (b. 1920)
- February 4 – Thelma Ritter, American actress (b. 1905)
- February 5 – Conrad Hilton, Jr., American heir and socialite (b. 1926)
- February 9 – Gabby Hayes, American actor (b. 1885)
- February 12 – Paltiel Daykan, Russian-born Israeli jurist (b. 1885)
- February 13 – Florence Mary Taylor, Australia's first female architect (b. 1879)
- February 15 – Pee Wee Russell, American jazz musician (b. 1906)
- February 20 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)
- February 23 – King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902)
- February 26
- Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1895)
- Karl Jaspers, German psychiatrist and philosopher (b. 1883)
- February 27 – John Boles, American actor (b. 1895)
- March 4 – Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film empresario (b. 1881)
- March 9 – Charles Brackett, American novelist and screenwriter (b. 1892)
- March 11 – John Wyndham, British author (b. 1903)
- March 14 – Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-born American artist (b. 1898)
- March 18 – Barbara Bates, American actress (b. 1925)
- March 20 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (b. 1896)
- March 21 – Pinky Higgins, American baseball player and manager (b. 1909)
- March 25
- Billy Cotton, British entertainer & bandleader (b. 1899)
- Max Eastman, American writer (b. 1883)
- Alan Mowbray, English actor (b. 1896)
- March 26
- John Kennedy Toole, American author (b. 1937)
- B. Traven, German writer
- March 28 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States (b. 1890)
April–June[link]
- April 5 – Shelby Storck, American television producer (b. 1917)
- April 6 – Gabriel Chevallier, French writer (b. 1895)
- April 7 – Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuelan president and writer (b. 1884)
- April 15 – Ain-Ervin Mere, Estonian Nazi (b. 1903)
- April 26 – Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist and founder of aikido (b. 1883)
- May 1 – Ella Logan, American actress (b. 1913)
- May 2 – Franz von Papen, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1879)
- May 3 – Karl Freund, German cinematographer (b. 1890)
- May 4 – Osbert Sitwell, English writer (b. 1892)
- May 14
- Enid Bennett, American actress (b. 1893)
- Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (b. 1888)
- May 15 – Robert R., American HIV/AIDS victim (b. 1953)
- May 19 – Coleman Hawkins, American musician (b. 1904)
- May 23 – Jimmy McHugh, American composer (b. 1894)
- May 24 – Mitzi Green, American actress (b. 1920)
- May 27 – Jeffrey Hunter, American actor (b. 1926)
- May 28 – Rhys Williams, Welsh actor (b. 1897)
- June 1 – Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian Olympic speed skater (b. 1904)
- June 2 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (b. 1917)
- June 4 – Rafael Osuna, Mexican tennis champion (b. 1938)
- June 8 – Robert Taylor, American actor (b. 1911)
- June 13 – Martita Hunt, British actress (b. 1900)
- June 16 – Harold Alexander, British WWII Field Marshal (b. 1891)
- June 19 – Natalie Talmadge, American actress (b. 1898)
- June 21 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (b. 1934)
- June 22 – Judy Garland, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
- June 24 – Willy Ley, German science writer and space advocate (b. 1906)
- June 29 – Moise Tshombe, Congolese politician (b. 1919)
July–September[link]
- July 3 – Brian Jones, British rock musician (The Rolling Stones) (b. 1942)
- July 5
- Ben Alexander, American actor (b. 1911)
- Walter Gropius, German architect (b. 1883)
- Lambert Hillyer, American film director (b. 1889)
- Leo McCarey, American film director (b. 1898)
- July 7 – Gladys Swarthout, American opera singer (b. 1900)
- July 9 – Raizō Tanaka, Japanese admiral (b. 1892)
- July 15 – Peter van Eyck, German-American actor (b. 1911)
- July 18
- Mary Jo Kopechne, American campaign aide to U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy (b. 1940)
- Barbara Pepper, American actress (b. 1915)
- July 20 – Cathy Wayne, pop entertainer, first Australian woman killed in Vietnam War (b. 1949)
- July 24 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish novelist and dramatist (b. 1904)
- July 25 – Otto Dix, German painter (b. 1891)
- July 26
- Frank Loesser, American songwriter (b. 1910)
- Raymond Walburn, American actor (b. 1887)
- July 28 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (b. 1882)
- August 6 – Theodor W. Adorno, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1903)
- August 9
- Cecil Frank Powell, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- Jay Sebring, American celebrity hair stylist (murdered) (b. 1933)
- Sharon Tate, American actress (murdered) (b. 1943)
- Abigail Folger, American socialite, Folgers Coffee heiress, and social worker (murdered) (b. 1943)
- August 14 – Leonard Woolf, English writer (b. 1880)
- August 17
- Otto Stern, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German-American architect (b. 1886)
- August 18 – Mildred Davis, American actress (b. 1901)
- August 20 – Dudley D. Watkins, Scottish illustrator for D.C. Thomson & Co. Best known for Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Dandy, The Beano, and The Topper. (b. 1907)
- August 25 – Harry Hammond Hess, American geologist and United States Navy officer in World War II (b. 1906)
- August 27
- Ivy Compton-Burnett, English novelist (b. 1884)
- Erika Mann, German writer (b. 1905)
- August 31 – Rocky Marciano, American boxer (b. 1923)
- September 2 – Ho Chi Minh, President of Vietnam (b. 1890)
- September 3 – John Lester, American cricketer (b. 1871)
- September 6 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (b. 1892)
- September 7 – Gavin Maxwell, Scottish naturalist and author (b. 1914)
- September 8 – Bud Collyer, American radio and television personality (b. 1908)
- September 19 – Rex Ingram, American actor (b. 1895)
October–December[link]
- October 4 – Natalino Otto, Italian singer (b. 1912)
- October 6 – Walter Hagen, American golf champion (b. 1892)
- October 7 – Ture Nerman, Swedish politician (b. 1886)
- October 8 – Eduardo Ciannelli, Italian actor and singer (b. 1889)
- October 12 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater (b. 1912)
- October 14 – August Sang, Estonian poet and literary translator (b. 1914)
- October 15
- Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, President of Somalia, assassinated (b. 1919)
- Rod La Rocque, American actor (b. 1896)
- October 21
- Jack Kerouac, American author (b. 1922)
- Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (b. 1882)
- October 30 – Pops Foster, American musician (b. 1892)
- November 5 – Lloyd Corrigan, American actor (b. 1900)
- November 12 – William F. Friedman, American cryptanalyst (b. 1891)
- November 15
- Roy D'Arcy, American actor (b. 1894)
- Iskander Mirza, first President of Pakistan (b. 1899)
- November 18 – Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American politician (b. 1888)
- November 28 – Roy Barcroft, American actor (b. 1902)
- December 2 – José María Arguedas, Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist (b. 1911).
- December 3 – Ruth White, American actress (b. 1914)
- December 4
- Fred Hampton, American Black Panther (shot by police) (b. 1948)
- Mark Clark, American Black Panther (shot by police) (b. 1947)
- Hugh Oswald Short, aviation pioneer & Short Brothers CEO (b. 1883)
- December 5 – Princess Alice of Battenberg (b. 1885)
- December 6 – Meredith Hunter, Altamont Free Concert attendee, stabbed and kicked to death (b. 1951)
- December 7 – Eric Portman, English actor (b. 1901)
- December 12 – Magic Sam, American musician (b. 1937)
- December 13
- Raymond A. Spruance, American admiral and ambassador (b. 1886)
- Spencer Williams, American actor (b. 1893)
- December 22 – Josef von Sternberg, Austrian film director (b. 1894)
- December 31 – Joseph Yablonski, murdered American labor leader (b. 1910)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – Murray Gell-Mann
- Chemistry – Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel
- Medicine – Max Delbrück, Alfred Hershey, Salvador Luria
- Literature – Samuel Beckett
- Peace – International Labour Organization
- Economics – Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen
References[link]
- ^ Robert H. Goddard. The New York Times. astronauticsnow.com/history/goddard/index.html 090118 astronauticsnow.com
- ^ "Manned Space Chronology: Apollo_11". spaceline.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. http://www.spaceline.org/flightchron/apollo11.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ "Apollo Anniversary: Moon Landing "Inspired World"". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0714_040714_moonlanding.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ [1]
- 1969: The Year Everything Changed by Rob Kirkpatrick. Skyhorse Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-60239-366-0.
- 1969 – Headlines A report from Rich Lamb of WCBS Newsradio 880 (WCBS-AM New York) Part of WCBS 880's celebration of 40 years of newsradio.
- 1969 – The Year in Sound An Audiofile produced by Lou Zambrana of WCBS Newsradio 880 (WCBS-AM New York) Part of WCBS 880's celebration of 40 years of newsradio.
- 1969: The Year Everything Changed – YouTube video
http://wn.com/1969
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Lennon" redirects here. For other uses, see Lennon (disambiguation).
For other people named John Lennon, see John Lennon (disambiguation).
| John Lennon MBE |
|
|---|---|
 Lennon rehearses "Give Peace a Chance" in Montreal, Canada, in 1969 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Winston Lennon |
| Born | (1940-10-09)9 October 1940 Liverpool, England, UK |
| Died | 8 December 1980(1980-12-08) (aged 40) New York, New York, US |
| Genres | Rock, pop |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, artist, writer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica, harmonium, electronic organ, six-string bass |
| Years active | 1957–75, 1980 |
| Labels | Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, EMI, Geffen, Polydor |
| Associated acts | The Quarrymen, The Beatles, Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Yoko Ono |
| Website | www.johnlennon.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Rickenbacker 325 Epiphone Casino Gibson J-160E |
|
John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founder members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Together with Paul McCartney, he formed one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.
Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, The Quarrymen, evolved into The Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as "Give Peace a Chance" and "Imagine". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.
Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film, and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved to New York City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement.
As of 2012 Lennon's solo album sales in the United States exceed 14 million units, and as writer, co-writer or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002 a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth, and in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all-time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.
Contents
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History[link]
1940–57: Early years[link]
Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman who was away at the time of his son's birth.[1] He was named John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John "Jack" Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill.[2] His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9 Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother,[3] but the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944.[4][5] When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, but Julia—by then pregnant with another man's child—rejected the idea.[6] After her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpool's Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennon's father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him.[7] Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, 'Bobby' Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her.[8] It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again.[9]
Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own, at Mendips, 251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton.[10] His aunt bought him volumes of short stories, and his uncle, a dairyman at his family's farm, bought him a mouth organ and engaged him in solving crossword puzzles.[11] Julia visited Mendips on a regular basis, and when he was 11 years old he often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where she played him Elvis Presley records, and taught him the banjo, learning how to play "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino.[12]
In September 1980 he talked about his family and his rebellious nature:
Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society and not be this loudmouthed lunatic musician. But I cannot be what I am not. Because of my attitude, all the other boys' parents ... instinctively recognised what I was, which was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their kids, which I did ... I did my best to disrupt every friend's home ... Partly, maybe, it was out of envy that I didn't have this so-called home, but I really did ... There were five women who were my family. Five strong, intelligent women. Five sisters. Those women were fantastic ... that was my first feminist education ... One happened to be my mother ... she just couldn't deal with life. She had a husband who ran away to sea and the war was on and she couldn't cope with me, and when I was four-and-a-half, I ended up living with her elder sister ... the fact that I wasn't with my parents made me see that parents are not gods.[13]
He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood. Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips, and to local cinemas.[14] During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby.[15] After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, "John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16."[16] He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).[17]
Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School.[18] From September 1952 to 1957, after passing his Eleven-Plus exam, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool, and was described by Harvey at the time as, "A happy-go-lucky, good-humoured, easy going, lively lad."[19] He often drew comical cartoons which appeared in his own self-made school magazine called The Daily Howl,[20] but despite his artistic talent, his school reports were damning: "Certainly on the road to failure ... hopeless ... rather a clown in class ... wasting other pupils' time."[21]
His mother bought him his first guitar in 1956, an inexpensive Gallotone Champion acoustic for which she "lent" her son five pounds and ten shillings on the condition that the guitar be delivered to her own house, and not Mimi's, knowing well that her sister was not supportive of her son's musical aspirations.[22] As Mimi was sceptical of his claim that he would be famous one day, she hoped he would grow bored with music, often telling him, "The guitar's all very well, John, but you'll never make a living out of it".[23] On 15 July 1958, when Lennon was 17 years old, his mother, walking home after visiting the Smiths' house, was struck by a car and killed.[24]
Lennon failed all his GCE O-level examinations, and was accepted into the Liverpool College of Art only after his aunt and headmaster intervened.[25] Once at the college, he started wearing Teddy Boy clothes and acquired a reputation for disrupting classes and ridiculing teachers. As a result, he was excluded from the painting class, then the graphic arts course, and was threatened with expulsion for his behaviour, which included sitting on a nude model's lap during a life drawing class.[26] He failed an annual exam, despite help from fellow student and future wife Cynthia Powell, and was "thrown out of the college before his final year."[27]
1957–70: The Quarrymen to The Beatles[link]
Further information: The Quarrymen, Lennon–McCartney, Brian Epstein, The Beatles, Beatlemania, British Invasion, and More popular than Jesus
1957–65: Formation, commercial break-out, and touring years[link]
The Beatles evolved from Lennon's first band, the Quarrymen. Named after Quarry Bank High School, the group was established by him in September 1956 when he was 15, and began as a skiffle group.[28] By the summer of 1957 the Quarrymen played a "spirited set of songs" made up of half skiffle, and half rock and roll.[29] Lennon first met Paul McCartney at the Quarrymen's second performance, held in Woolton on 6 July at the St. Peter's Church garden fête, after which McCartney was asked to join the band.[30]
McCartney says that Aunt Mimi: "was very aware that John's friends were lower class", and would often patronise him when he arrived to visit Lennon.[31] According to Paul's brother Mike, McCartney's father was also disapproving, declaring Lennon would get his son "into trouble";[32] although he later allowed the fledgling band to rehearse in the McCartneys' front room at 20 Forthlin Road.[33][34] During this time, the 18-year-old Lennon wrote his first song, "Hello Little Girl", a UK top 10 hit for The Fourmost nearly five years later.[35]
George Harrison joined the band as lead guitarist,[36] even though Lennon thought Harrison (at 14 years old) was too young to join the band, so McCartney engineered a second audition on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played "Raunchy" for Lennon.[37] Stuart Sutcliffe, Lennon's friend from art school, later joined as bassist.[38] Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe became "The Beatles" in early 1960. In August that year The Beatles, engaged for a 48-night residency in Hamburg, Germany, and desperately in need of a drummer, asked Pete Best to join them.[39] Lennon was now 19, and his aunt, horrified when he told her about the trip, pleaded with him to continue his art studies instead.[40] After the first Hamburg residency, the band accepted another in April 1961, and a third in April 1962. Like the other band members, Lennon was introduced to Preludin while in Hamburg,[41] and regularly took the drug, as well as amphetamines, as a stimulant during their long, overnight performances.[42]
Brian Epstein, The Beatles' manager from 1962, had no prior experience of artist management, but nevertheless had a strong influence on their early dress code and attitude on stage.[43] Lennon initially resisted his attempts to encourage the band to present a professional appearance, but eventually complied, saying, "I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me".[44] McCartney took over on bass after Sutcliffe decided to stay in Hamburg, and drummer Ringo Starr replaced Best, completing the four-piece line-up that would endure until the group's break-up in 1970. The band's first single, "Love Me Do", was released in October 1962 and reached #17 on the British charts. They recorded their debut album, Please Please Me, in under 10 hours on 11 February 1963,[45] a day when Lennon was suffering the effects of a cold,[46] which is evident in the vocal on the last song to be recorded that day, Twist and Shout.[47] The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership yielded eight of its fourteen tracks. With few exceptions—one being the album title itself—Lennon had yet to bring his love of wordplay to bear on his song lyrics, saying: "We were just writing songs ... pop songs with no more thought of them than that–to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant".[45] In a 1987 interview, McCartney said that the other Beatles idolised John: "He was like our own little Elvis ... We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest".[48]
The Beatles achieved mainstream success in the UK during the beginning of 1963. Lennon was on tour when his first son, Julian, was born in April. During their Royal Variety Show performance, attended by the Queen Mother and other British royalty, Lennon poked fun at his audience: "For our next song, I'd like to ask for your help. For the people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands ... and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewellery."[49] After a year of Beatlemania in the UK, the group's historic February 1964 US debut appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show marked their breakthrough to international stardom. A two-year period of constant touring, moviemaking, and songwriting followed, during which Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works.[50] The Beatles received recognition from the British Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1965.[51]
Lennon grew concerned that fans attending Beatles' concerts were unable to hear the music above the screaming of fans, and that the band's musicianship was beginning to suffer as a result.[52] Lennon's "Help!" expressed his own feelings in 1965: "I meant it ... It was me singing 'help'".[53] He had put on weight (he would later refer to this as his "Fat Elvis" period),[54] and felt he was subconsciously seeking change.[55] The following January he was unknowingly introduced to LSD when a dentist, hosting a dinner party attended by Lennon, Harrison and their wives, spiked the guests' coffee with the drug.[56] When they wanted to leave, their host revealed what they had taken, and strongly advised them not to leave the house because of the likely effects. Later, in an elevator at a nightclub, they all believed it was on fire: "We were all screaming ... hot and hysterical."[56] A few months later in March, during an interview with Evening Standard reporter Maureen Cleave, Lennon remarked, "Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink ... We're more popular than Jesus now—I don't know which will go first, rock and roll or Christianity."[57] The comment went virtually unnoticed in England but caused great offence in the US when quoted by a magazine there five months later. The furore that followed—burning of Beatles' records, Ku Klux Klan activity, and threats against Lennon—contributed to the band's decision to stop touring.[58]
1966–70: Studio years, break-up and solo work[link]
File:Beatles-our-world.jpg
Lennon (right) performing "All You Need Is Love" with The Beatles in 1967 to 400 million viewers of "Our World".
Deprived of the routine of live performances after their final commercial concert on 29 August 1966, Lennon felt lost and considered leaving the band.[59] Since his involuntary introduction to LSD in January, he had made increasing use of the drug, and was almost constantly under its influence for much of the year."[60] According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's continuous experience with LSD during the year brought him "close to erasing his identity".[61] 1967 saw the release of "Strawberry Fields Forever", hailed by TIME magazine for its "astonishing inventiveness",[62] and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which revealed Lennon's lyrics contrasting strongly with the simple love songs of the Lennon–McCartney's early years.
In August, after having been introduced to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the group attended a weekend of personal instruction at his Transcendental Meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales,[63] and were informed of Epstein's death during the seminar. "I knew we were in trouble then", Lennon said later. "I didn't have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared".[64] They later travelled to Maharishi's ashram in India for further guidance, where they composed most of the songs for The Beatles and Abbey Road.[65]
The anti-war, black comedy How I Won the War, featuring Lennon's only appearance in a non–Beatles' full-length film, was shown in cinemas in October 1967.[66] McCartney organised the group's first post-Epstein project,[67] the self-written, -produced and -directed television film Magical Mystery Tour, released in December that year. While the film itself proved to be their first critical flop, its soundtrack release, featuring Lennon's acclaimed, Lewis Carroll-inspired "I am the Walrus", was a success.[68][69] With Epstein gone, the band members became increasingly involved in business activities, and in February 1968 they formed Apple Corps, a multimedia corporation comprising Apple Records and several other subsidiary companies. Lennon described the venture as an attempt to achieve, "artistic freedom within a business structure",[70] but his increased drug experimentation and growing preoccupation with Yoko Ono, and McCartney's own marriage plans, left Apple in need of professional management. Lennon asked Lord Beeching to take on the role, but he declined, advising Lennon to go back to making records. Lennon approached Allen Klein, who had managed The Rolling Stones and other bands during the British Invasion. Klein was appointed as Apple's chief executive by Lennon, Harrison and Starr,[71] but McCartney never signed the management contract.[72]
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Sample of "Give Peace a Chance", recorded in 1969 during Lennon and Ono's second Bed-In for Peace. As described by biographer Bill Harry, Lennon wanted to "write a peace anthem that would take over from the song 'We Shall Overcome'—and he succeeded ... it became the main anti-Vietnam protest song."[73]
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At the end of 1968, Lennon featured in the film The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (not released until 1996) in the role of a Dirty Mac band member. The supergroup, comprising Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also backed a vocal performance by Ono in the film.[74] Lennon and Ono were married on 20 March 1969, and soon released a series of 14 lithographs called "Bag One" depicting scenes from their honeymoon,[75] eight of which were deemed indecent and most of which were banned and confiscated.[76] Lennon's creative focus continued to move beyond The Beatles and between 1968 and 1969 he and Ono recorded three albums of experimental music together: Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins[77] (known more for its cover than for its music), Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions and Wedding Album. In 1969 they formed The Plastic Ono Band, releasing Live Peace in Toronto 1969. In protest at Britain's involvement in the Nigerian Civil War,[78] Lennon returned his MBE medal to the Queen, though this had no effect on his MBE status, which could not be renounced.[79] Between 1969 and 1970 Lennon released the singles "Give Peace a Chance" (widely adopted as an anti-Vietnam-War anthem in 1969),[80] "Cold Turkey" (documenting his withdrawal symptoms after he became addicted to heroin[81]) and "Instant Karma!".
Lennon left the group in September 1969,[82] and agreed not to inform the media while the band renegotiated their recording contract, but he was outraged that McCartney publicised his own departure on releasing his debut solo album in April 1970. Lennon's reaction was, "Jesus Christ! He gets all the credit for it!"[83] He later wrote, "I started the band. I disbanded it. It's as simple as that."[84] In later interviews with Rolling Stone magazine, he revealed his bitterness towards McCartney, saying, "I was a fool not to do what Paul did, which was use it to sell a record."[85] He spoke too of the hostility he perceived the other members had towards Ono, and of how he, Harrison, and Starr "got fed up with being sidemen for Paul ... After Brian Epstein died we collapsed. Paul took over and supposedly led us. But what is leading us when we went round in circles?"[86]
1970–80: Solo career[link]
1970–72: Initial solo success and activism[link]
In 1970, Lennon and Ono went through primal therapy with Dr. Arthur Janov in Los Angeles, California. Designed to release emotional pain from early childhood, the therapy entailed two half-days a week with Janov for four months; he had wanted to treat the couple for longer, but they felt no need to continue and returned to London.[87] Lennon's emotional debut solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), was received with high praise. Critic Greil Marcus remarked, "John's singing in the last verse of 'God' may be the finest in all of rock."[88] The album featured the songs "Mother", in which Lennon confronted his feelings of childhood rejection,[89] and the Dylanesque "Working Class Hero", a bitter attack against the bourgeois social system which, due to the lyric "you're still fucking peasants", fell foul of broadcasters.[90][91] The same year, Tariq Ali's revolutionary political views, expressed when he interviewed Lennon, inspired the singer to write "Power to the People". Lennon also became involved with Ali during a protest against Oz magazine's prosecution for alleged obscenity. Lennon denounced the proceedings as "disgusting fascism", and he and Ono (as Elastic Oz Band) released the single "God Save Us/Do the Oz" and joined marches in support of the magazine.[92]
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Sample of "Imagine", Lennon's "most famous post-Beatles' track."[93] Like "Give Peace a Chance", the song became an anti-war anthem, but its lyrics offended religious groups. Lennon's explanation was, "If you can imagine a world at peace, with no denominations of religion—not without religion, but without this 'my God is bigger than your God' thing—then it can be true."[94]
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With Lennon's next album, Imagine (1971), critical response was more guarded. Rolling Stone reported that "it contains a substantial portion of good music" but warned of the possibility that "his posturings will soon seem not merely dull but irrelevant".[95] The album's title track would become an anthem for anti-war movements,[96] while another, "How Do You Sleep?", was a musical attack on McCartney in response to lyrics from Ram that Lennon felt, and McCartney later confirmed,[97] were directed at him and Ono. However, Lennon softened his stance in the mid-1970s and said he had written "How Do You Sleep?" about himself.[98] He said in 1980: "I used my resentment against Paul ... to create a song ... not a terrible vicious horrible vendetta ... I used my resentment and withdrawing from Paul and The Beatles, and the relationship with Paul, to write 'How Do You Sleep'. I don't really go 'round with those thoughts in my head all the time".[99]
Lennon and Ono moved to New York in August 1971, and in December released "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)".[100] To advertise the single, they paid for billboards in 12 cities around the world which declared, in the national language, "WAR IS OVER—IF YOU WANT IT".[101] The new year saw the Nixon Administration take what it called a "strategic counter-measure" against Lennon's anti-war propaganda, embarking on what would be a four-year attempt to deport him: embroiled in a continuing legal battle, he was denied permanent residency in the US until 1976.[102]
Recorded as a collaboration with Ono and with backing from the New York band Elephant's Memory, Some Time in New York City was released in 1972. Containing songs about women's rights, race relations, Britain's role in Northern Ireland, and Lennon's problems obtaining a green card,[103] the album was poorly received—unlistenable, according to one critic.[104] "Woman Is the Nigger of the World", released as a US single from the album the same year, was televised on 11 May, on The Dick Cavett Show. Many radio stations refused to broadcast the song because of the word "nigger".[105] Lennon and Ono gave two benefit concerts with Elephant's Memory and guests in New York in aid of patients at the Willowbrook State School mental facility.[106] Staged at Madison Square Garden on 30 August 1972, they were his last full-length concert appearances.[107]
1973–75: "Lost weekend"[link]
While Lennon was recording Mind Games (1973), he and Ono decided to separate. The ensuing 18-month period apart, which he later called his "lost weekend",[108] was spent in Los Angeles and New York in the company of May Pang. Mind Games, credited to the "Plastic U.F.Ono Band", was released in November 1973. Lennon also contributed "I'm the Greatest", to Starr's album Ringo (1973), released the same month. (an alternate take, from the same 1973 Ringo sessions, with Lennon providing a guide vocal, appears on John Lennon Anthology).
In early 1974, Lennon was drinking heavily and his alcohol-fuelled antics with Harry Nilsson made headlines. Two widely publicised incidents occurred at The Troubadour club in March, the first when Lennon placed a menstruation "towel" on his forehead and scuffled with a waitress, and the second, two weeks later, when Lennon and Nilsson were ejected from the same club after heckling the Smothers Brothers.[109] Lennon decided to produce Nilsson's album Pussy Cats and Pang rented a Los Angeles beach house for all the musicians[110] but after a month of further debauchery, with the recording sessions in chaos, Lennon moved to New York with Pang to finish work on the album. In April, Lennon had produced the Mick Jagger song "Too Many Cooks (Spoil the Soup)" which was, for contractual reasons, to remain unreleased for more than 30 years. Pang supplied the recording for its eventual inclusion on The Very Best of Mick Jagger (2007).[111]
Settled back in New York, Lennon recorded the album Walls and Bridges. Released in October 1974, it yielded his only number-one single in his lifetime, "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", featuring Elton John on backing vocals and piano.[112] A second single from the album, "#9 Dream", followed before the end of the year. Starr's Goodnight Vienna (1974) again saw assistance from Lennon, who wrote the title track and played piano.[113] On 28 November, Lennon made a surprise guest appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at Madison Square Garden, in fulfilment of his promise to join the singer in a live show if "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night"—a song whose commercial potential Lennon had doubted—reached number one. Lennon performed the song along with "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" and "I Saw Her Standing There", which he introduced as "a song by an old estranged fiancee of mine called Paul".[114]
Lennon co-wrote "Fame", David Bowie's first US number one, and provided guitar and backing vocals for the January 1975 recording.[115] The same month, Elton John topped the charts with his cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", featuring Lennon on guitar and back-up vocals (Lennon is credited on the single under the moniker of "Dr. Winston O'Boogie"). He and Ono were reunited shortly afterwards. Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll (1975), an album of cover songs, in February. "Stand by Me", taken from the album and a US and UK hit, became his last single for five years.[116] He made what would be his final stage appearance in the ATV special A Salute to Lew Grade, recorded on 18 April and televised in June.[117] Playing acoustic guitar, and backed by an eight-piece band, Lennon performed two songs from Rock 'n' Roll ("Stand By Me", which was not broadcast, and "Slippin' and Slidin'") followed by "Imagine".[117]
1975–80: Retirement and return[link]
With the birth of his second son Sean on 9 October 1975, Lennon took on the role of househusband, beginning what would be a five-year hiatus from the music industry during which he gave all his attention to his family.[13] Within the month, he fulfilled his contractual obligation to EMI/Capitol for one more album by releasing Shaved Fish, a compilation album of previously recorded tracks.[13] He devoted himself to Sean, rising at 6 am daily to plan and prepare his meals and to spend time with him.[118] He wrote "Cookin' (In the Kitchen of Love)" for Starr's Ringo's Rotogravure (1976), performing on the track in June in what would be his last recording session until 1980.[119] He formally announced his break from music in Tokyo in 1977, saying, "we have basically decided, without any great decision, to be with our baby as much as we can until we feel we can take time off to indulge ourselves in creating things outside of the family."[120] During his career break he created several series of drawings, and drafted a book containing a mix of autobiographical material and what he termed "mad stuff",[121] all of which would be published posthumously.
He emerged from retirement in October 1980 with the single "(Just Like) Starting Over", followed the next month by the album Double Fantasy, which contained songs written during a journey to Bermuda on a 43-foot sailing boat the previous June,[122] that reflected Lennon's fulfilment in his new-found stable family life.[123] Sufficient additional material was recorded for a planned follow-up album Milk and Honey (released posthumously in 1984).[124] Released jointly with Ono, Double Fantasy was not well received, drawing comments such as Melody Maker's "indulgent sterility ... a godawful yawn".[125]
8 December 1980: Death[link]
Main article: Death of John Lennon
At around 10:50 pm on 8 December 1980, as Lennon and Ono returned to their New York apartment in The Dakota, Mark David Chapman shot Lennon in the back four times at the entrance to the building. Lennon was taken to the emergency room of the nearby Roosevelt Hospital and was pronounced dead on arrival at 11:07 pm.[126] Earlier that evening, Lennon had autographed a copy of Double Fantasy for Chapman.[127]
Ono issued a statement the next day, saying "There is no funeral for John", ending it with the words, "John loved and prayed for the human race. Please pray the same for him."[128] His body was cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono scattered his ashes in New York's Central Park, where the Strawberry Fields memorial was later created.[129] Chapman pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20 years to life; as of 2011, he remains in prison, having been denied parole six times.[130][131]
Personal relationships[link]
Cynthia Lennon[link]
Further information: Cynthia Lennon
File:John and Cynthia on car.JPG
John Lennon and Cynthia Powell in 1959
Lennon and Cynthia Powell met in 1957 as fellow students at the Liverpool College of Art.[132] Although being scared of Lennon's attitude and appearance, she heard that he was obsessed with French actress Brigitte Bardot, so she dyed her hair blonde. Lennon asked her out, but when she said that she was engaged, he screamed out, "I didn't ask you to fuckin' marry me, did I?"[133] She often accompanied him to Quarrymen gigs and travelled to Hamburg with McCartney's girlfriend at the time to visit him.[134] Lennon, jealous by nature, eventually grew possessive and often terrified Powell with his anger and physical violence.[135] Lennon later said that until he met Ono, he had never questioned his chauvinistic attitude to women. The Beatles' song "Getting Better", he said, told his own story, "I used to be cruel to my woman, and physically—any woman. I was a hitter. I couldn't express myself and I hit. I fought men and I hit women. That is why I am always on about peace".[13]
Recalling his reaction in July 1962 on learning that Cynthia was pregnant, Lennon said, "There's only one thing for it Cyn. We'll have to get married."[136] The couple were married on 23 August at the Mount Pleasant Register Office in Liverpool. His marriage began just as Beatlemania took hold across the UK. He performed on the evening of his wedding day, and would continue to do so almost daily from then on.[137] Epstein, fearing that fans would be alienated by the idea of a married Beatle, asked the Lennons to keep their marriage secret. Julian was born on 8 April 1963; Lennon was on tour at the time and did not see his son until three days later.[138]
Cynthia attributes the start of the marriage breakdown to LSD, and as a result, she felt that he slowly lost interest in her.[139] When the group travelled by train to Bangor, Wales, in 1967, for the Maharishi Yogi's Transcendental Meditation seminar, a policeman did not recognise her and stopped her from boarding. She later recalled how the incident seemed to symbolise the ending of their marriage.[140] After arriving home at Kenwood, and finding Lennon with Ono, Cynthia left the house to stay with friends. Alexis Mardas later claimed to have slept with her that night, and a few weeks later he informed her that Lennon was seeking a divorce and custody of Julian on grounds of her adultery with him. After negotiations, Lennon capitulated and agreed to her divorcing him on the same grounds. The case was settled out of court, with Lennon giving her £100,000, and custody of Julian.[141]
Brian Epstein[link]
File:Epstein at Hard Days Night.jpg
Starr, McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Epstein at the preview of A Hard Day’s Night in 1964
Further information: Brian Epstein
The Beatles were performing at Liverpool's Cavern Club in 1962, when all four Beatles were introduced to Epstein after a midday concert. Epstein was homosexual. According to biographer Philip Norman, one of his reasons for wanting to manage the group was that he was physically attracted to Lennon. Almost as soon as Julian was born, Lennon went on holiday to Spain with Epstein, leading to speculation about their relationship. Questioned about it later, Lennon said, "Well, it was almost a love affair, but not quite. It was never consummated. But it was a pretty intense relationship. It was my first experience with a homosexual that I was conscious was homosexual. We used to sit in a café in Torremolinos looking at all the boys and I'd say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I was rather enjoying the experience, thinking like a writer all the time: I am experiencing this."[142] Soon after their return from Spain, at McCartney's twenty-first birthday party in June 1963, Lennon physically attacked Cavern Club MC Bob Wooler for saying "How was your honeymoon, John?" The MC, known for his wordplay and affectionate but cutting remarks, was making a joke,[143] but ten months had passed since Lennon's marriage, and the honeymoon, deferred, was still two months in the future.[144] To Lennon, who was intoxicated with alcohol at the time, the matter was simple: "He called me a queer so I battered his bloody ribs in".[145]
Lennon delighted in mocking Epstein for his homosexuality and for the fact that he was Jewish.[146] When Epstein invited suggestions for the title of his autobiography, Lennon offered Queer Jew; on learning of the eventual title, A Cellarful of Noise, he parodied, "More like A Cellarful of Boys".[147] He demanded of a visitor to Epstein's flat, "Have you come to blackmail him? If not, you're the only bugger in London who hasn't."[146] During the recording of "Baby, You're a Rich Man", he sang altered choruses of "Baby, you're a rich fag Jew".[148][149]
Julian Lennon[link]
Further information: Julian Lennon
Lennon's first son, Julian, was born as his commitments with The Beatles intensified at the height of Beatlemania during his marriage to Cynthia. Lennon was touring with The Beatles when Julian was born on 8 April 1963. Julian's birth, like his mother Cynthia's marriage to Lennon, was kept secret because Epstein was convinced public knowledge of such things would threaten The Beatles' commercial success. Julian recalls how some four years later, as a small child in Weybridge, "I was trundled home from school and came walking up with one of my watercolour paintings. It was just a bunch of stars and this blonde girl I knew at school. And Dad said, 'What's this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with diamonds.'"[150] Lennon used it as the title of a Beatles' song, and though it was later reported to have been derived from the initials LSD, Lennon insisted, "It's not an acid song."[151] McCartney corroborated Lennon's explanation that Julian innocently came up with the name.[151] Lennon was distant from Julian, who felt closer to McCartney than to his father. During a car journey to visit Cynthia and Julian during Lennon's divorce, McCartney composed a song, "Hey Jules", to comfort him. It would evolve into The Beatles song "Hey Jude". Lennon later said, "That's his best song. It started off as a song about my son Julian ... he turned it into 'Hey Jude'. I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it wasn't."[152]
Lennon's relationship with Julian was already strained, and after Lennon and Ono's 1971 move to New York, Julian would not see his father again until 1973.[153] With Pang's encouragement, it was arranged for him (and his mother) to visit Lennon in Los Angeles, where they went to Disneyland.[154] Julian started to see his father regularly, and Lennon gave him a drumming part on a Walls and Bridges track.[155] He bought Julian a Gibson Les Paul guitar and other instruments, and encouraged his interest in music by demonstrating guitar chord techniques.[155] Julian recalls that he and his father "got on a great deal better" during the time he spent in New York: "We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general."[156]
In a Playboy interview with David Sheff shortly before his death, Lennon said, "Sean was a planned child, and therein lies the difference. I don't love Julian any less as a child. He's still my son, whether he came from a bottle of whiskey or because they didn't have pills in those days. He's here, he belongs to me, and he always will." He said he was trying to re-establish a connection with the then 17-year-old, and confidently predicted, "Julian and I will have a relationship in the future."[13] After his death it was revealed that he had left Julian very little in his will.[157]
Yoko Ono[link]
Further information: Yoko Ono
Two versions exist of how Lennon met Ono. According to the first, on 9 November 1966 Lennon went to the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing her conceptual art exhibit, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar.[158] Lennon was intrigued by Ono's "Hammer A Nail": patrons hammered a nail into a wooden board, creating the art piece. Although the exhibition had not yet begun, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, "Don't you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it." Ono had supposedly not heard of The Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay her five shillings, to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in."[13] The second version, told by McCartney, is that in late 1965, Ono was in London compiling original musical scores for a book John Cage was working on, Notations, but McCartney declined to give her any of his own manuscripts for the book, suggesting that Lennon might oblige. When asked, Lennon gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to "The Word".[159]
Ono began telephoning and calling at Lennon's home, and when his wife asked for an explanation, he explained that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her "avant-garde bullshit".[160] In May 1968, while his wife was on holiday in Greece, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the Two Virgins album, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn."[161] When Lennon's wife returned home she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply said, "Oh, hi."[162] Ono became pregnant in 1968 and miscarried a male child they named John Ono Lennon II on 21 November 1968,[129] a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted.[163]
During Lennon's last two years in The Beatles, he and Ono began public protests against the Vietnam War. They were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for peace. They planned another Bed-In in the United States, but were denied entry,[164] so held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded "Give Peace a Chance".[165] They often combined advocacy with performance art, as in their "Bagism", first introduced during a Vienna press conference. Lennon detailed this period in The Beatles' song "The Ballad of John and Yoko".[166] Lennon changed his name by deed poll on 22 April 1969, adding "Ono" as a middle name. The brief ceremony took place on the roof of the Apple Corps building, made famous three months earlier by The Beatles' Let It Be rooftop concert. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth.[167] After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on The Beatles' last album, Abbey Road.[168] To escape the acrimony of the band's break-up, Ono suggested they move permanently to New York, which they did on 31 August 1971.
They first lived in the St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, then moved to a street-level flat at 105 Bank Street, Greenwich Village, on 16 October 1971. After a robbery, they relocated to the more secure Dakota at 1 West 72nd Street, in May 1973.[169]
May Pang[link]
Further information: May Pang
ABKCO Industries, formed in 1968 by Allen Klein as an umbrella company to ABKCO Records, recruited May Pang as a receptionist in 1969. Through involvement in a project with ABKCO, Lennon and Ono met her the following year. She became their personal assistant. After she had been working with the couple for three years, Ono confided that she and Lennon were becoming estranged from one another. She went on to suggest that Pang should begin a physical relationship with Lennon, telling her, "He likes you a lot." Pang, 22, astounded by Ono's proposition, eventually agreed to become Lennon's companion. The pair soon moved to California, beginning an 18-month period he later called his "lost weekend".[108] In Los Angeles, Pang encouraged Lennon to develop regular contact with Julian, whom he had not seen for two years. He also rekindled friendships with Starr, McCartney, Beatles' roadie Mal Evans, and Harry Nilsson. Whilst drinking with Nilsson, after misunderstanding something Pang said, Lennon attempted to strangle her, relenting only when physically restrained by Nilsson.[170]
On moving to New York, they prepared a spare room in their newly rented apartment for Julian to visit.[170] Lennon, hitherto inhibited by Ono in this regard, began to reestablish contact with other relatives and friends. By December he and Pang were considering a house purchase, and he was refusing to accept Ono's telephone calls. In January 1975, he agreed to meet Ono—who said she had found a cure for smoking. But after the meeting he failed to return home or call Pang. When Pang telephoned the next day, Ono told her Lennon was unavailable, being exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment, stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. He told her his separation from Ono was now over, though Ono would allow him to continue seeing her as his mistress.[171]
Sean Lennon[link]
Further information: Sean Lennon
When Lennon and Ono were reunited, she became pregnant, but having previously suffered three miscarriages in her attempt to have a child with Lennon, she said she wanted an abortion. She agreed to allow the pregnancy to continue on condition that Lennon adopt the role of househusband; this he agreed to do.[172] Sean was born on 9 October 1975, Lennon's 35th birthday, delivered by Caesarean section. Lennon's subsequent career break would span five years. He had a photographer take pictures of Sean every day of his first year, and created numerous drawings for him, posthumously published as Real Love: The Drawings for Sean. Lennon later proudly declared, "He didn't come out of my belly but, by God, I made his bones, because I've attended to every meal, and to how he sleeps, and to the fact that he swims like a fish."[173]
Former Beatles[link]
Although his friendship with Starr remained consistently warm during the years following The Beatles' break-up in 1970, Lennon's relationship with McCartney and Harrison varied. He was close to Harrison initially, but the two drifted apart after Lennon moved to America. When Harrison was in New York for his December 1974 Dark Horse tour, Lennon agreed to join him on stage, but failed to appear after an argument over Lennon's refusal to sign an agreement that would finally dissolve The Beatles' legal partnership. (Lennon eventually signed the papers while holidaying in Florida with Pang and Julian.[174]) Harrison incensed Lennon in 1980 when he published an autobiography that made little mention of him. Lennon told Playboy, "I was hurt by it. By glaring omission ... my influence on his life is absolutely zilch ... he remembers every two-bit sax player or guitarist he met in subsequent years. I'm not in the book."[175]
Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him through the lyrics of "How Do You Sleep?", Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split. The two later began to reestablish something of the close friendship they had once known, and in 1974 even played music together again, before growing apart once more. Lennon said that during McCartney's final visit, in April 1976, they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer to get The Beatles to reunite on the show.[176] The pair considered going to the studio to make a joke appearance, attempting to claim their share of the money, but were too tired.[13] Lennon summarised his feelings towards McCartney in an interview three days before his death: "Throughout my career, I've selected to work with...only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono....That ain't bad picking."[177]
Along with his estrangement from McCartney, Lennon always felt a musical competitiveness with him and kept an ear on his music. During his five-year career break he was content to sit back so long as McCartney was producing what Lennon saw as mediocre "product".[178] When McCartney released "Coming Up" in 1980, the year Lennon returned to the studio and the last year of his life, he took notice. "It's driving me crackers!" he jokingly complained, because he could not get the tune out of his head.[178] Asked the same year whether the group were dreaded enemies or the best of friends, he replied that they were neither, and that he had not seen any of them in a long time. But he also said, "I still love those guys. The Beatles are over, but John, Paul, George and Ringo go on."[13]
Political activism[link]
Lennon and Ono used their honeymoon as what they termed a "Bed-In for Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel; the March 1969 event attracted worldwide media ridicule.[179][180] At a second Bed-In three months later at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal[181] Lennon wrote and recorded "Give Peace a Chance". Released as a single, it was quickly taken up as an anti-war anthem and sung by a quarter of a million demonstrators against the Vietnam War in Washington, DC, on 15 October, the second Vietnam Moratorium Day.[80][182]
Later that year, Lennon and Ono supported efforts by the family of James Hanratty, hanged for murder in 1962, to prove his innocence.[183] Those who had condemned Hanratty were, according to Lennon, "the same people who are running guns to South Africa and killing blacks in the streets. ... The same bastards are in control, the same people are running everything, it's the whole bullshit bourgeois scene."[184] In London, Lennon and Ono staged a "Britain Murdered Hanratty" banner march and a "Silent Protest For James Hanratty",[78] and produced a 40-minute documentary on the case. At an appeal hearing years later, Hanratty's conviction was upheld.[185]
Lennon and Ono showed their solidarity with the Clydeside UCS workers' work-in of 1971 by sending a bouquet of red roses and a cheque for £5,000.[186] On moving to New York City in August that year, they befriended two of the Chicago Seven, Yippie peace activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.[187] Another peace activist, John Sinclair, poet and co-founder of the White Panther Party, was serving ten years in prison for selling two joints of marijuana after previous convictions for possession of the drug.[188] In December 1971 at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 20,000 people attended the "John Sinclair Freedom Rally", a protest and benefit concert with contributions from Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party, and others.[189] Lennon and Ono, backed by David Peel and Rubin, performed an acoustic set of four songs from their forthcoming Some Time in New York City album including "John Sinclair", whose lyrics called for his release. The day before the rally, Michigan State had drastically reduced the penalties for Sinclair's crimes and three days after the rally, he was released on bail.[190] The performance was recorded and two of the tracks later appeared on John Lennon Anthology (1998).[191]
Following the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972, in which 13 unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by the British Army, Lennon said that given the choice between the army and the IRA (who were not involved in the incident) he would side with the latter. Lennon and Ono wrote two songs protesting British presence and actions in Ireland for their Some Time in New York City album: "Luck of the Irish" and "Sunday Bloody Sunday". In 2000, David Shayler, a former member of Britain's domestic security service MI5 suggested that Lennon had given money to the IRA though this was swiftly denied by Ono.[192] Biographer Bill Harry records that following Bloody Sunday, Lennon and Ono financially supported the production of the film The Irish Tapes, a political documentary with a Republican slant.[193]
According to FBI surveillance reports (and confirmed by Tariq Ali in 2006) Lennon was sympathetic to the International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist group formed in Britain in 1968.[194] However, the FBI considered Lennon to have limited effectiveness as a revolutionary since he was "constantly under the influence of narcotics".[195]
Deportation attempt[link]
Following the impact of "Give Peace a Chance" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", both strongly associated with the anti–Vietnam War movement, the Nixon administration, hearing rumours of Lennon's involvement in a concert to be held in San Diego at the same time as the Republican National Convention,[196] tried to have him deported. Nixon believed that Lennon's anti-war activities could cost him his re-election;[197] Republican Senator Strom Thurmond suggested in a February 1972 memo that "deportation would be a strategic counter-measure" against Lennon.[198] The next month the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) began deportation proceedings, arguing that his 1968 misdemeanor conviction for cannabis possession in London had made him ineligible for admission to the United States. Lennon spent the next three and a half years in and out of deportation hearings until on 8 October 1975, when a court of appeals barred the deportation attempt, stating " ... the courts will not condone selective deportation based upon secret political grounds."[199][103] While the legal battle continued, Lennon attended rallies and made television appearances. Lennon and Ono co-hosted the Mike Douglas Show for a week in February 1972, introducing guests such as Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale to mid-America.[200] In 1972, Bob Dylan wrote a letter to the INS defending Lennon, stating:
John and Yoko add a great voice and drive to the country's so-called art institution. They inspire and transcend and stimulate and by doing so, only help others to see pure light and in doing that, put an end to this dull taste of petty commercialism which is being passed off as Artist Art by the overpowering mass media. Hurray for John and Yoko. Let them stay and live here and breathe. The country's got plenty of room and space. Let John and Yoko stay![201][202]
On 23 March 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the US within 60 days.[203] Ono, meanwhile, was granted permanent residence. In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference on 1 April 1973 at the New York City Bar Association, where they announced the formation of the state of Nutopia; a place with "no land, no boundaries, no passports, only people".[204] Waving the white flag of Nutopia (two handkerchiefs), they asked for political asylum in the US. The press conference was filmed, and would later appear in the 2006 documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon.[205] Lennon's Mind Games (1973) included the track "Nutopian International Anthem", which comprised three seconds of silence.[206] Soon after the press conference, Nixon's involvement in a political scandal came to light, and in June the Watergate hearings began in Washington, DC. They led to the president's resignation 14 months later. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in continuing the battle against Lennon, and the deportation order was overturned in 1975. The following year, his US immigration status finally resolved, Lennon received his "green card" certifying his permanent residency, and when Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as president in January 1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inaugural Ball.[207]
FBI surveillance and declassified documents[link]
After Lennon's death, historian Jon Wiener filed a Freedom of Information Act request for FBI files documenting the Bureau's role in the deportation attempt.[208] The FBI admitted it had 281 pages of files on Lennon, but refused to release most of them on the grounds that they contained national security information. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. It took 14 years of litigation to force the FBI to release the withheld pages.[209] The ACLU, representing Wiener, won a favourable decision in their suit against the FBI in the Ninth Circuit in 1991.[210] The Justice Department appealed the decision to the Supreme Court in April 1992, but the court declined to review the case.[211] In 1997, respecting President Bill Clinton's newly instigated rule that documents should be withheld only if releasing them would involve "foreseeable harm", the Justice Department settled most of the outstanding issues outside court by releasing all but 10 of the contested documents.[211] Wiener published the results of his 14-year campaign in January 2000. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files contained facsimiles of the documents, including "lengthy reports by confidential informants detailing the daily lives of anti-war activists, memos to the White House, transcripts of TV shows on which Lennon appeared, and a proposal that Lennon be arrested by local police on drug charges".[212] The story is told in the documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon. The final 10 documents in Lennon's FBI file, which reported on his ties with London anti-war activists in 1971 and had been withheld as containing "national security information provided by a foreign government under an explicit promise of confidentiality", were released in December 2006. They contained no indication that the British government had regarded Lennon as a serious threat; one example of the released material was a report that two prominent British leftists had hoped Lennon would finance a left-wing bookshop and reading room.[213]
-
Further information: Jon_Wiener#Wiener_battles_with_the_FBI
Writing and art[link]
Lennon's biographer Bill Harry writes that Lennon began drawing and writing creatively at an early age with the encouragement of his uncle. He collected his stories, poetry, cartoons, and caricatures in a Quarry Bank High School exercise book that he called the Daily Howl. The drawings were often of crippled people, and the writings satirical, and throughout the book was an abundance of wordplay. According to classmate Bill Turner, Lennon created the Daily Howl to amuse his best friend and later Quarrymen band mate, Pete Shotton, to whom he would show his work before he let anyone else see it. Turner said that Lennon "had an obsession for Wigan Pier. It kept cropping up", and in Lennon's story A Carrot In A Potato Mine, "the mine was at the end of Wigan Pier." Turner described how one of Lennon's cartoons depicted a bus stop sign annotated with the question, "Why?". Above was a flying pancake, and below, "a blind man wearing glasses leading along a blind dog—also wearing glasses".[214]
Lennon's love of wordplay and nonsense with a twist found a wider audience when he was 24. Harry writes that In His Own Write (1964) was published after "Some journalist who was hanging around The Beatles came to me and I ended up showing him the stuff. They said, 'Write a book' and that's how the first one came about". Like the Daily Howl it contained a mix of formats including short stories, poetry, plays and drawings. One story, "Good Dog Nigel", tells the tale of "a happy dog, urinating on a lamp post, barking, wagging his tail—until he suddenly hears a message that he will be killed at three o'clock". The Times Literary Supplement considered the poems and stories "remarkable ... also very funny ... the nonsense runs on, words and images prompting one another in a chain of pure fantasy". Book Week reported, "This is nonsense writing, but one has only to review the literature of nonsense to see how well Lennon has brought it off. While some of his homonyms are gratuitous word play, many others have not only double meaning but a double edge." Lennon was not only surprised by the positive reception, but that the book was reviewed at all, and suggested that readers "took the book more seriously than I did myself. It just began as a laugh for me".[215]
In combination with A Spaniard in the Works (1965), In His Own Write formed the basis of the stage play The John Lennon Play: In His Own Write, co-adapted by Victor Spinetti and Adrienne Kennedy. After negotiations between Lennon, Spinetti and the artistic director of the National Theatre, Sir Laurence Olivier, the play opened at the Old Vic in 1968. Lennon and Ono attended the opening night performance, their second public appearance together to date.[216] After Lennon's death, further works were published, including Skywriting by Word of Mouth (1986); Ai: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes: A Personal Sketchbook (1992), with Lennon's illustrations of the definitions of Japanese words; and Real Love: The Drawings for Sean (1999). The Beatles Anthology (2000) also presented examples of his writings and drawings.
Musicianship[link]
Instruments played[link]
Further information: John Lennon's musical instruments and List of The Beatles' instruments
His playing of a mouth organ during a bus journey to visit his cousin in Scotland caught the driver's ear. Impressed, the driver told Lennon of a harmonica he could have if he came to Edinburgh the following day, where one had been stored in the bus depot since a passenger left it on a bus.[217] The professional instrument quickly replaced Lennon's toy. He would continue to play harmonica, often using the instrument during The Beatles' Hamburg years, and it became a signature sound in the group's early recordings. His mother taught him how to play the banjo, later buying him an acoustic guitar. At 16, he played rhythm guitar with the Quarrymen.[218] As his career progressed, he played a variety of electric guitars, predominantly the Rickenbacker 325, Epiphone Casino and Gibson J-160E, and, from the start of his solo career, the Gibson Les Paul Junior.[219][220] Occasionally he played a six-string bass guitar, the Fender Bass VI, providing bass on some Beatles' numbers that occupied McCartney with another instrument.[221] His other instrument of choice was the piano, on which he composed many songs, including "Imagine", described as his best-known solo work.[222] His jamming on a piano with McCartney in 1963 led to the creation of The Beatles' first US number one, "I Want to Hold Your Hand".[223] In 1964, he became one of the first British musicians to acquire a Mellotron keyboard, though it was not heard on a Beatles' recording until "Strawberry Fields Forever" in late 1966.[224]
Vocal style[link]
When Lennon recorded "Twist and Shout", the final track during the mammoth one-day session that captured the band's 1963 debut album Please Please Me, his voice, already compromised by a cold, came close to giving out. Lennon said, "I couldn't sing the damn thing, I was just screaming."[225] In the words of biographer Barry Miles, "Lennon simply shredded his vocal cords in the interests of rock 'n' roll."[226] The Beatles' producer, George Martin, tells how Lennon "had an inborn dislike of his own voice which I could never understand. He was always saying to me: 'DO something with my voice! ... put something on it ... Make it different.'"[227] Martin obliged, often using double-tracking and other techniques. Music critic Robert Christgau says that Lennon's "greatest vocal performance ... from scream to whine, is modulated electronically ... echoed, filtered, and double tracked."[228]
As his Beatles' era segued into his solo career, his singing voice found a widening range of expression. Biographer Chris Gregory writes that Lennon was, "tentatively beginning to expose his insecurities in a number of acoustic-led 'confessional' ballads, so beginning the process of 'public therapy' that will eventually culminate in the primal screams of 'Cold Turkey' and the cathartic John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band."[229] David Stuart Ryan notes Lennon's vocal delivery to range from, "extreme vulnerability, sensitivity and even naivety" to a hard "rasping" style.[230] Wiener too describes contrasts, saying the singer's voice can be "at first subdued; soon it almost cracks with despair"[231] Music historian Ben Urish recalls hearing The Beatles' Ed Sullivan Show performance of "This Boy" played on the radio a few days after Lennon's murder: "As Lennon's vocals reached their peak ... it hurt too much to hear him scream with such anguish and emotion. But it was my emotions I heard in his voice. Just like I always had."[232]
Legacy[link]
Music historians Schinder and Schwartz, writing of the transformation in popular music styles that took place between the 1950s and the 1960s, say that The Beatles' influence cannot be overstated: having "revolutionized the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts", the group then "spent the rest of the 1960s expanding rock's stylistic frontiers".[233] Liam Gallagher, his group Oasis among the many who acknowledge the band's influence, identifies Lennon as a hero; in 1999 he named his first child Lennon Gallagher in tribute.[234] On National Poetry Day in 1999, after conducting a poll to identify the UK's favourite song lyric, the BBC announced "Imagine" the winner.[94]
In a 2006 Guardian article, Jon Wiener wrote: "For young people in 1972, it was thrilling to see Lennon's courage in standing up to [US President] Nixon. That willingness to take risks with his career, and his life, is one reason why people still admire him today."[235] Whilst for music historians Urish and Bielen, Lennon's most significant effort was "the self-portraits ... in his songs [which] spoke to, for, and about, the human condition."[236]
Lennon continues to be mourned throughout the world and has been the subject of numerous memorials and tributes. In 2010, on what would have been Lennon's 70th birthday, the John Lennon Peace Monument was unveiled in Chavasse Park, Liverpool, by Cynthia and Julian Lennon.[237] The sculpture entitled 'Peace & Harmony' exhibits peace symbols and carries the inscription "Peace on Earth for the Conservation of Life · In Honour of John Lennon 1940–1980".
Awards and sales[link]
The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership is regarded as one of the most influential and successful of the 20th century. As performer, writer or co-writer Lennon has had 25 number one singles on the US Hot 100 chart.a His album sales in the US stand at 14 million units.[238] Double Fantasy, released shortly before his death, and his best-selling, post-Beatles' studio album[239] at three million shipments in the US,[240] won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.[241] The following year, the BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music went to Lennon.[242]
Participants in a 2002 BBC poll voted him eighth of "100 Greatest Britons".[243] Between 2003 and 2008, Rolling Stone recognised Lennon in several reviews of artists and music, ranking him fifth of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time"[244] and 38th of "100 Greatest Artists of All Time",[245] and his albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, 22nd and 76th respectively of "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[245][246] He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) with the other Beatles in 1965.[51] He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987[247] and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.[107]
Discography[link]
Main article: John Lennon discography
See also: The Beatles discography
- Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins (with Yoko Ono) (1968)
- Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
- Wedding Album (with Yoko Ono) (1969)
- John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970)
- Imagine (1971)
- Some Time in New York City (with Yoko Ono) (1972)
- Mind Games (1973)
- Walls and Bridges (1974)
- Rock 'n' Roll (1975)
- Double Fantasy (with Yoko Ono) (1980)
- Milk and Honey (with Yoko Ono) (1984)
- Menlove Ave. (1986)
Notes[link]
^ Note a: Lennon was responsible for 25 Billboard Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer.
- Solo (2): "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", "(Just Like) Starting Over".[248]
- With The Beatles (20): "Can't Buy Me Love", "I Feel Fine", "I Want to Hold Your Hand", "Love Me Do", "She Loves You", "A Hard Day's Night", "Eight Days a Week", "Help!", "Ticket to Ride", "Yesterday", "Paperback Writer", "We Can Work It Out", "All You Need Is Love", "Hello Goodbye", "Penny Lane", "Hey Jude", "Something/"Come Together", "Get Back", "Let It Be", "The Long and Winding Road"/"For You Blue".[249]
- As co-writer of and performer on release by another artist (1): "Fame" (David Bowie).[250]
- As co-writer of releases by other artists (2): "A World Without Love" (Peter and Gordon),[251] "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (Elton John).[252]
Citations[link]
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 504.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "Julia offered the name in honour of... Winston Churchill".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "The entire Stanley clan gathered nightly at Newcastle Road".
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 54: "Until then he had sent her money each month from his wages, but now it stopped".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 26: "In February 1944 ... he was arrested and imprisoned. Freddie subsequently disappeared for six months".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 27.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Alf admitted to her that he had planned to take John to live in New Zealand".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 30: "Julia went out of the door... John ran after her".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 497.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Hard to see why Mimi wanted John, as she had always said she didn't want children".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "When he was old enough, taught John how to solve crossword puzzles".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 48: "To get them started, she applied the triad to 'Ain't That a Shame'".
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sheff 1981.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "Parkes recalled... Leila and John to the cinema as often as three times a day".
- ^ Harry 2009.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 702.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 819.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 411.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 40.
- ^ ClassReports 2008.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 45.
- ^ Norman 2008, p. 89.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 48.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 100.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 553–555.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 50.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 738.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 95.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 93–99.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 44.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 32.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 47.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 337–338.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 47, 50.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 47.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 64.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 57.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 53.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 66–67.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 57.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 67.
- ^ Frankel 2007.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 721.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 24–26: "Twist and Shout, which had to be recorded last because John Lennon had a particularly bad cold".
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 376: "He had been struggling all day to reach notes, but this was different, this hurt".
- ^ Doggett 2010, p. 33.
- ^ Shennan 2007.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 239–240.
- ^ a b London Gazette 1965, p. 5488.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 288.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 268.
- ^ Lawrence 2005, p. 62.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 171.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 570.
- ^ Cleave 2007.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 5–6, 249, 281, 347.
- ^ Brown 1983, p. 222.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 319.
- ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 281.
- ^ Time 1967.
- ^ BBC News 2007b.
- ^ Brown 1983, p. 276.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 397.
- ^ Hoppa 2010.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 349-373.
- ^ Logan 1967.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 131.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 31.
- ^ TelegraphKlein 2010.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 549: "Paul never did sign the management contract".
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 276–278.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 774–775.
- ^ Fawcett 1976, p. 185.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 279.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 48–49.
- ^ a b Miles and Badman 2003.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 615–617.
- ^ a b Perone 2001, pp. 57–58.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Edmondson 2010, pp. 129–130.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 853–54.
- ^ Loker 2009, p. 348.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 32.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 24.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 408–410.
- ^ Blaney 2005, p. 56.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 640–641.
- ^ Riley 2002, p. 375.
- ^ Schechter 1997, p. 106.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 157.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 382.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 382–383.
- ^ Gerson 1971.
- ^ Vigilla 2005.
- ^ Goodman 1984.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 354–356.
- ^ Peebles 1981, p. 44.
- ^ Allmusic 2010f.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 960.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 204.
- ^ a b BBC News 2006a.
- ^ Landau 1974.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 979–980.
- ^ Deming 2008.
- ^ a b The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1994.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 698–699.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 927–929.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 735.
- ^ The Very Best of Mick Jagger liner notes
- ^ Badman 2001, 1974.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 284.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 970.
- ^ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1996.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 240, 563.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 758.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 553.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 166.
- ^ Bennahum 1991, p. 87.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 814.
- ^ BBC News 2006b.
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz 2007, p. 178.
- ^ Ginell 2009.
- ^ Badman 2001, 1980.
- ^ Ingham 2006, p. 82.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 145.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 692.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, pp. 510.
- ^ CNN.com 2004.
- ^ BBC News 2010a.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 17–23.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 21.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 89–95.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 492–493.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 91.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 493–495.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 113.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 496–497.
- ^ Warner Brothers 1988.
- ^ Lennon 2005, p. 305–306: "He had agreed that I should have custody of Julian", "He raised his offer to £100,000".
- ^ Harry 2000a, p. 232.
- ^ Harry 2000a, pp. 1165, 1169.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 94, 119–120.
- ^ Harry 2000a, p. 1169.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 232.
- ^ Coleman 1992, pp. 298–299.
- ^ Norman 2008, p. 503.
- ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 206.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 517.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 574.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 341.
- ^ Pang 2008, back cover.
- ^ Lennon 2005, pp. 252–255.
- ^ a b Lennon 2005, p. 258.
- ^ Times Online 2009.
- ^ Badman 2003, p. 393.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 682.
- ^ Miles 1997, p. 272.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 683.
- ^ Two Virgins liner notes
- ^ Lennon 1978, p. 183.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 800.
- ^ Kruse 2009, p. 16.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 276.
- ^ Coleman 1992, p. 550.
- ^ Coleman 1984b, p. 64.
- ^ Emerick & Massey 2006, pp. 279–280.
- ^ "John & Yoko's New York | Baby Boomers | iStopOver Magazine". Magazine.istopover.com. 16 August 2010. http://magazine.istopover.com/2010/08/16/john-yoko-new-york/. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ a b Harry 2000b, p. 700.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 700–701.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 535, 690.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 535.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 195.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 327.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 934–935.
- ^ Cohn 2010–2011, p. 95.
- ^ a b Seaman 1991, p. 122.
- ^ Miles and Badman 2003, 1969: "They were ridiculed by the world's media".
- ^ Anderson 2010, p. 83: "The Bed-In stunt was ridiculed by the press".
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 745–748.
- ^ Holsinger 1999, p. 389.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 43.
- ^ Clark 2002.
- ^ Milmo 2002.
- ^ McGinty 2010.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 344.
- ^ Buchanan 2009.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 789–790, 812–813.
- ^ Glenn 2009.
- ^ Calkin 2002.
- ^ Bright 2000.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 403.
- ^ Ali 2006.
- ^ Brooks 2005.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 2.
- ^ BBC News 2000.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 225.
- ^ Coleman 1992, pp. 576–583.
- ^ BBC News 2006c.
- ^ Wiener, Jon. "Bob Dylan's defense of John Lennon". The Nation, 8 October 2010
- ^ "Photo Copy of Bob Dylan's 1972 Letter to the INS in Defense of John Lennon". Lennonfbifiles.com. http://lennonfbifiles.com/natl_comm_john_yoko/bob_dylan.html. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 326.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 663.
- ^ Urish & Bielen 2007, p. 143.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 664.
- ^ Coleman 1984a, p. 289.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 13.
- ^ Friedman 2005, p. 252.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 315.
- ^ a b Wiener 1999, pp. 52–54, 76.
- ^ Wiener 1999, p. 27.
- ^ The Associated Press 2006.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 179–181.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 393–394.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 396–397.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 313.
- ^ Harry 2000b, pp. 738–740.
- ^ Prown and Newquist 2003, p. 213.
- ^ Lawrence 2009, p. 27.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 297.
- ^ Blaney 2005, p. 83.
- ^ Everett 2001, p. 200.
- ^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 164–165.
- ^ Wenner 2000, p. 14.
- ^ Miles and Badman 2003, p. 90.
- ^ Coleman 1992, pp. 369–370.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 143.
- ^ Gregory 2007, p. 75.
- ^ Ryan 1982, pp. 118, 241.
- ^ Wiener 1990, p. 35.
- ^ Urish & Bielen 2007, p. 123.
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz 2007, p. 160.
- ^ Harry 2000b, p. 265.
- ^ Wiener 2006.
- ^ Urish & Bielen 2007, pp. 121–122.
- ^ The Telegraph (9 October 2010). "Monument to John Lennon unveiled in Liverpool on his '70th birthday'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8052634/Monument-to-John-Lennon-unveiled-in-Liverpool-on-his-70th-birthday.html.
- ^ RIAA 2010b.
- ^ Greenberg 2010, p. 202.
- ^ RIAA 2010a.
- ^ grammy.com.
- ^ Brit Awards 2010.
- ^ BBC News 2002.
- ^ Browne 2008.
- ^ a b Rolling Stone 2008.
- ^ Rolling Stone 2003.
- ^ Songwriters Hall of Fame 2009.
- ^ Allmusic 2010a.
- ^ "Most No. 1s By Artist (All-Time)". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/most-no1s-overall.shtml. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ Allmusic 2010e.
- ^ Allmusic 2010d.
- ^ Allmusic 2010c.
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- Blaney, John. John Lennon: Listen to this Book. Paper Jukebox; 2005. ISBN 978-0-9544528-1-0.
- Bright, Martin. UK: Lennon aided IRA, claims MI5 renegade; 20 February 2000 [cited 10 May 2010].
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- Brooks, Xan. UK: Lennon too stoned to be a revolutionary; 23 September 2005 [cited 22 December 2010].
- Brown, Peter. The Love You Make: An Insider's Story of The Beatles. McGraw Hill; 1983. ISBN 0-07-008159-X.
- Browne, Jackson. 100 Greatest Singers of All Time; 12 November 2008 [cited 10 September 2010].
- Buchanan, Jason. Allmovie. Overview of Twenty to Life: The Life and Times of John Sinclair; 2009 [cited 10 May 2010].
- Calkin, Graham. Graham Calkin. Anthology; 2002 [cited 9 December 2010].
- Cohen, Claire. UK: Churchill? A troublemaker. Lennon? A useless clown. And as for that girl Thatcher...; 10 January 2008 [cited 7 December 2010].
- Cohn, Jonathan. Rolling Stone magazine. The Lost Lennon Tapes; 23 December 2010 – 6 January 2011, Issue 1120/1121.
- Cleave, Maureen. UK: The John Lennon I Knew; 10 May 2010 [cited 20 December 2007].
- Coleman, Ray. John Winston Lennon. Sidjwick & Jackson; 1984. ISBN 978-0-283-98942-1.
- Coleman, Ray. John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980. Sidgwick & Jackson; 1984. ISBN 978-0-283-99082-3.
- Coleman, Ray. Lennon: The Definitive Biography. Harper; 1992. ISBN 0-06-098608-5.
- Deming, Mark. Allmovie. Overview of John Lennon: Live in New York City; 2008 [cited 10 May 2010].
- Doggett, Peter. You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup. HarperCollins; 2010. ISBN 978-0-06-177446-1.
- Edmondson, Jacqueline. John Lennon: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2010. ISBN 978-0-313-37938-3.
- Emerick, Geoff; Massey, Howard. Here, There and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of the Beatles. Penguin Books; 2006. ISBN 1-59240-179-1.
- Everett, Walter. The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology. Oxford University Press; 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
- Everett, Walter. The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul. Oxford University Press; 2001. ISBN 0-19-514104-0.
- Fawcett, Anthony. John Lennon: One Day at a Time. Evergreen; 1976. ISBN 978-0-394-17754-0.
- Frankel, Glenn. Nowhere Man (p4); 26 August 2007 [cited 10 May 2010].
- Friedman, John S.. The Secret Histories: Hidden Truths that Challenged the Past and Changed the World. Macmillan; 2005. ISBN 978-0-312-42517-3.
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- Goldman, Albert Harry. The Lives of John Lennon. Chicago Review Press; 2001. ISBN 978-1-55652-399-1.
- Goodman, Joan. Playboy Interview with Paul and Linda McCartney. December 1984. Playboy.
- Gould, Jonathan. Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America. Piatkus; 2008. ISBN 978-0-7499-2988-6.
- Grammy.com. Grammy Award Winners [cited 28 April 2010].
- Gregory, Chris. Who Could Ask For More: Reclaiming The Beatles. The Plotted Plain Press; 2007. ISBN 978-0-9557512-0-2.
- Greenberg, Keith Elliot. December 8, 1980: The Day John Lennon Died. Backbeat Books; 2010. ISBN 978-0-87930-963-3.
- Harry, Bill. The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. Virgin Publishing; 2000a. ISBN 0-7535-0481-2.
- Harry, Bill. The John Lennon Encyclopedia. Virgin; 2000b. ISBN 0-7535-0404-9.
- Harry, Bill. Mersey Beat. John Lennon and Blackpool; 2009 [cited 5 December 2010].
- Holsinger, M. Paul. War and American popular culture: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1998. Greenwood Publishing Group; 1999. ISBN 978-0-313-29908-7.
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- Ingham, Chris. The Rough Guide to The Beatles. Rough Guides; 2006. ISBN 978-1-84353-720-5.
- Kruse, Robert J. II. Geographies of John and Yoko's 1969 Campaign for Peace: An Intersection of Celebrity, Space, Art,and Activism. In: Johansson, Ola, Bell, Thomas L., editors. Sound, Society and the Geography of Popular Music. Ashgate; 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-7577-8. p. 11–32.
- Landau, Jon. Mind games; 3 January 1974 [cited 12 November 2010].
- Lawrence, Ken. John Lennon: In His Own Words. Andrews McMeel Publishing; 2005. ISBN 978-0-7407-5477-7.
- Lawrence, Robb. The Modern Era of the Les Paul Legacy: 1968–2008. Hal Leonard; 2009. ISBN 978-1-4234-5531-8.
- Lennon, Cynthia. A Twist of Lennon. Avon; 1978. ISBN 978-0-380-45450-1.
- Lennon, Cynthia. John. Crown Publishers; 2005. ISBN 978-0-307-33855-6.
- Lewisohn, Mark. The Beatles Recording Sessions. Harmony Books; 1988. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
- Logan, Nick. Magical Mystery Tour. NME (UK). 25 November 1967.
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- Norman, Philip. New York Magazine. A Talk with Yoko; 25 May 1981.
- Norman, Philip. John Lennon: The Life. Ecco; 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-075401-3.
- Pang, May. Instamatic Karma: Photographs of John Lennon. St. Martin's Press; 2008. ISBN 978-0-312-37741-0.
- Peebles, Andy; Lennon, John; Ono, Yoko. The Lennon tapes: John Lennon and Yoko Ono in conversation with Andy Peebles, 6 December 1980. British Broadcasting Corporation; 1981. ISBN 978-0-563-17944-3.
- Perone, James E.. Songs of the Vietnam Conflict. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31528-2.
- Prown, Pete; Newquist, Harvey P.. Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists. Hal Leonard; 1997. ISBN 978-0-7935-4042-6.
- RIAA. RIAA: Searchable database; 2010 [cited 21 February 2010].
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- Roberts, David. Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles (14th Edition). Guinness World Records Limited; 2001. ISBN 0-85156-156-X.
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- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. David Bowie; 1996 [cited 10 May 2010].
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- 100 Greatest Artists of All Time; 12 April 2008 [cited 10 May 2010].
- Seaman, Frederic. The Last Days of John Lennon. Birch Lane Press; 1991. ISBN 1-55972-084-0.
- Ryan, David Stuart. John Lennon's Secret. Kozmik Press Centre; 1982. ISBN 978-0-905116-08-2.
- Schechter, Danny. The More You Watch, the Less You Know: News Wars/Submerged Hopes/Media Adventures. Seven Stories Press; 1997. ISBN 1-888363-80-0.
- Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy. Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. Greenwood Press; 2007. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
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- Sheff, David; Golson, G. Barry (editor). The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Playboy; 1981. ISBN 978-0-87223-705-6.
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- Spitz, Bob. The Beatles: The Biography. Little, Brown; 2005. ISBN 0-316-80352-9.
- Other noises, Other notes; 3 March 1967 [cited 27 November 2010].
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- The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. John Lennon; 1994 [cited 10 May 2010].
- The Telegraph. Celebrity Obituaries – Allen Klein; 5 July 2009 [cited 5 December 2010].
- FBI Releases Last Pages From Lennon File; 20 December 2006 [cited 11 May 2010].
- Urish, Ben; Bielen, Kenneth G. The Words and Music of John Lennon. Praeger; 2007. ISBN 978-0-275-99180-7.
- Vigilla, Hubert. Treble. Album Review : John Lennon – Imagine; 29 August 2005 [cited 10 November 2010].
- Wald, Jonathan. CNN. Lennon killer denied parole; 6 October 2004 [cited 11 May 2010].
- Warner Brothers. John Lennon: Imagine, Cynthia Lennon Interview (DVD). Warner Brothers. 1988.
- Wenner, Jann S. Lennon Remembers. Verso; 2000. ISBN 1-85984-600-9.
- Wiener, Jon. Come Together: John Lennon in His Time. University of Illinois Press; 1990. ISBN 978-0-252-06131-8.
- Wiener, Jon. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files. University of California Press; 1999. ISBN 0-520-22246-6.
- Wiener, Jon. UK: He didn't have to do it. That's one reason he's still admired; 19 December 2006 [cited 18 August 2010].
Further reading[link]
- Kane, Larry (2007). Lennon Revealed. Running Press. ISBN 978-0-7624-2966-0
- Pang, May; Edwards, Henry (1983). Loving John: The Untold Story. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-37916-6.
- Wiener, Jon. The John Lennon FBI Files
- Yorke, Richard (1969). "John Lennon: Ringo's Right, We Can't Tour Again", New Musical Express, 7 June 1969, reproduced by Crawdaddy!, 2007.
External links[link]
 |
Book: John Lennon |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Lennon |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Lennon |
- John Lennon at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- John Lennon discography at MusicBrainz
- John Lennon at the Internet Movie Database
- BBC Archive on John Lennon
- NPR Archive on John Lennon
- John Lennon and Yoko Ono – slideshow by Life magazine
- John Lennon hosted by EMI Group Limited
- Unveiling of 'Peace & Harmony', European Peace Monument – Dedicated to John Lennon
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lennon, John |
| Alternative names | Lennon, John Winston (birth name); Lennon, John Winston Ono |
| Short description | Rock musician |
| Date of birth | 9 October 1940 |
| Place of birth | Liverpool, England, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | 8 December 1980 |
| Place of death | New York City, New York, United States of America |
http://wn.com/John_Lennon
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named David Frost, see David Frost (disambiguation).
| Sir David Frost | |
|---|---|
 Frost during an interview with Donald Rumsfeld |
|
| Born | David Paradine Frost (1939-04-07) 7 April 1939 (age 73) Tenterden, Kent, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Television presenter, journalist, comedian, writer |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Known for | That Was The Week That Was, Through the Keyhole,Breakfast with Frost, Frost On Sunday (TV-am) |
| Religion | Methodist |
| Spouse | Lynne Frederick (1981–82) Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard (1983–present) |
Sir David Paradine Frost, Kt., OBE (born 7 April 1939), is a British journalist, comedian, writer, media personality and daytime TV game show host best known for his two decades as host of Through the Keyhole and serious interviews with various political figures, the most notable being Richard Nixon. Since 2006, he has been hosting the weekly programme Frost Over the World on Al Jazeera English.
Contents |
Early life[link]
David Paradine Frost was born in Tenterden, Kent, on 7 April 1939 as the son of a Methodist minister of Huguenot descent, the Rev. W. J. Paradine Frost, and his wife Mona, and with two elder sisters.[1] While living in Gillingham, Kent, he was taught in the Bible class of the Sunday school at his father's church (Byron Road Methodist) by David Gilmore Harvey, and subsequently started training as a Methodist local preacher, which he did not complete. He attended Barnsole Road Primary School in Gillingham, then Gillingham Grammar School and finally Wellingborough Grammar School.[2] He subsequently won a place at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a degree in English. Throughout his school years he was an avid football (soccer) and cricket player,[1] and was actually offered a contract with Nottingham Forest F.C., which he turned down in order to attend university.[3]
At Cambridge, he was editor of both the student newspaper, Varsity, and the literary magazine, Granta. He was also secretary of the famous Footlights Drama Society,[1] which included actors such as Peter Cook and John Bird.
After leaving university, he became a trainee at Associated-Rediffusion and worked for Anglia Television.
[edit] That Was the Week That Was (TW3)
Frost was chosen by writer and producer Ned Sherrin to host a pioneering satirical programme called That Was The Week That Was, alias TW3. This caught the wave of the satire boom in 1960s Britain and became a popular programme. TW3 was the last piece of scheduled programming broadcast by the BBC on a Saturday, and regularly overran its time slot.[citation needed]
After a pilot episode on 10 November 1963, a 30-minute American version of TW3 featuring Frost ran on NBC from 10 January 1964 to May 1965. In 1985, David Frost produced and hosted a television special in the same format, That Was the Year That Was, on NBC.
[edit] After TW3
Frost fronted a number of programmes following the success of TW3, including its immediate successor, Not So Much a Programme, More a Way of Life, which he co-chaired with Willie Rushton and P. J. Kavanagh. More notable was The Frost Report, 1966 and 1967, which launched the television careers of John Cleese, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett. He signed for Rediffusion, the ITV weekday contractor in London, to produce a "heavier" interview-based show called The Frost Programme. Guests included Sir Oswald Mosley and Rhodesian premier Ian Smith. His memorable dressing-down of insurance fraudster Emil Savundra was generally regarded as the first example of "trial by television" in the UK.
In 1963 a tribute to the recently assassinated President John F. Kennedy on That Was the Week That Was had seen Frost's fame spread to the United States. His 1970 TV special Frost on America featured guests such as Jack Benny and Tennessee Williams.[4]
From 1969 to 1972, Frost kept his London shows and fronted The David Frost Show on the Group W (U.S. Westinghouse Corporation) television stations in the United States.[5] In 1977, he met US President Richard Nixon in a series of interviews for American television.
That same year Frost was the executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated The Slipper and the Rose. Frost was an organiser of the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. Ten years later, Frost was hired as the anchor of the new American tabloid news program Inside Edition. However, he was dismissed after only three weeks, and then-ABC News reporter Bill O'Reilly was recruited in his stead.
During the 1980s, 90s and 2000s, he presented the panel game Through the Keyhole on daytime TV, which featured a long running partnership with Loyd Grossman.
After transferring from ITV, his Sunday morning interview programme Breakfast with Frost ran on the BBC from January 1993 until 29 May 2005. The programme originally began in this format on TV-am in September 1983 as Frost on Sunday until the station lost its franchise at the end of 1992. Later it transferred briefly to BSB before moving to the BBC.
Since then he has worked for Al Jazeera English, presenting a live weekly hour-long current affairs programme, Frost Over the World, which started when the network launched in November 2006. The programme has regularly made headlines with interviewees such as Tony Blair, President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan, Benazir Bhutto and President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua. The programme is produced by the former Question Time editor and Independent on Sunday journalist Charlie Courtauld. He was one of the first to interview the man who authored the historic fatwa on terrorism, Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri.[6]
During his career as a journalist he became one of Concorde's most frequent fliers, having flown between London and New York an average of 20 times per year for 20 years.[7][8]
In 2007 Frost hosted a discussion with Libya's dictator Gaddafi as part of the Monitor Group's involvement in the country.[9]
In 2012, Frost presented a programme on BBC Four called "Frost on Satire", looking at satirical works on television, such as Spitting Image. Celebrities who appeared on the programme included Rory Bremner and Ian Hislop.
Achievements[link]
Frost was instrumental in starting up two important ITV franchises: London Weekend Television in July 1968 and as one of the Famous Five who launched TV-am in February 1983. Ironically,[citation needed] both had plans that were considered highbrow and both suffered launch problems with low audience ratings and financial difficulties that led to outside parties taking large stakes in the companies and significant changes in business strategy before stability was achieved.
On 20 and 21 July 1969, during the British television Apollo 11 coverage, he presented David Frost's Moon Party for LWT, a ten-hour discussion and entertainment marathon from LWT's Wembley Studios, on the night Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. Two of his guests on this programme were British historian A.J.P. Taylor and Sammy Davis, Jr. Taylor was skeptical about the proceedings and believed that the moon landing was actually a mock-up being broadcast from a Hollywood studio.[10]
Frost started the production company David Paradine Productions, and was also part of a consortium with Richard Branson that failed to acquire three ITV franchises under the CPV-TV name.
Frost's longest television association was with the daytime panel show Through the Keyhole. The programme, produced by his David Paradine Productions company, ran on various channels from 1987 until 2008, with Frost acting as host throughout. To younger generations, Frost is chiefly known for his role on this show, alongside Loyd Grossman.
Frost is the only person to have interviewed eight British prime ministers serving between 1964 and 2010 (Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, James Callaghan, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Cameron) and the seven US presidents in office between 1969 and 2008 (Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush). He was also the last person to interview Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.[11]
He is a patron and former vice-president of the Motor Neurone Disease Association charity, as well as being a patron of the Alzheimer's Research Trust, the Hearing Trust,[12] East Anglia's Children's Hospices, the Home Farm Trust and the Elton John AIDS Foundation.[13][14]
After having been in television for 40 years, Frost is worth £200 million.[15] This valuation includes the assets of his main British company and subsidiaries, plus homes in London and the country.
[edit] Frost/Nixon
Originally a play by Peter Morgan that was developed from a series of interviews, Frost/Nixon was presented both in London and on Broadway. The play was adapted into a motion picture, starring Michael Sheen as David Frost, Frank Langella as Richard Nixon, directed by Ron Howard, and released in 2008. The film was nominated for five Golden Globe awards: Best Motion Picture Drama, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best Original Score,[16] as well as five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Editing.
In February 2009, David Frost was featured on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC-TV) international affairs programme Foreign Correspondent in a report titled "The World According To Frost", reflecting on his long career and portrayal in the feature film Frost/Nixon.[17]
Personal life[link]
Before his present marriage, Frost was known for several liaisons with beautiful and famous women, and he is also known for remaining friendly with most of them. In the mid 1960s he dated British actress Janette Scott, between her marriages to songwriter Jackie Rae and singer Mel Tormé; in the early 1970s he was engaged to American actress Diahann Carroll; between 1972 and 1977 he had a relationship with British socialite Caroline Cushing; and in 1981 he married Lynne Frederick, widow of Peter Sellers, but they divorced the following year.[1] On 19 March 1983 David Frost married Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard (born 20 February 1952), daughter to the 17th Duke of Norfolk, and they have three sons.[1]
Selected awards and honours[link]
- 1970: Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)[4]
- 1993: Knight Bachelor[4]
- 1994: Honorary doctoral degree of the Sussex University
- 2005: Fellowship of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts BAFTA
- 2009: Honorary Doctor of Letters degree of the University of Winchester
- 2009: Lifetime Achievement Award at the Emmy Awards
Publications[link]
- "I Gave Them a Sword": Behind the scenes of the Nixon interviews (1978). Published as Frost/Nixon in 2007.
- David Frost's Book of Millionaires, Multimillionaires, and Really Rich People (1984)
- The Rich Tide: Men, Women, Ideas and Their Transatlantic Impact (1986). With Michael Shea.
- An Autobiography. Part 1: From Congregations to Audiences (1993).
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e TimeLine Theatre Company, Chicago: Frost/Nixon Study Guide Retrieved 2011-10-02
- ^ Wellingborough Grammar School Archive copy at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "My Life in Media: Sir David Frost". The Independent. 2 May 2005. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20050502/ai_n14608735. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Zajacz, Rita. "FROST, DAVID". The Museum of Broadcast Communications. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/F/htmlF/frostdavid/frostdavid.htm.
- ^ The David Frost Show
- ^ “”. "Frost over the World - Rafael Moreno and Muhammad Tahir al-Qadri". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoS5w-HVLA8. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ Orlebar, Christopher (2004). The Concorde story. Osprey Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-85532-667-5.
- ^ Quest, Richard (2003-10-03). "Why Concorde mattered". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/why-concorde-mattered-583699.html.
- ^ U.S. Firm Under Fire For Gadhafi Makeover Contract : NPR, by Peter Overby, 2010 3 10, via www.npr.org on 2011 03 10
- ^ "ITV Moon Landing Coverage". British TV History. http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/moon_itv.html. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
- ^ Gordon, Bryony (2010-06-10). "Daily Telegraph: ''Sir David Frost's charm offensive''. 10 Jun 2010". Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7819054/Sir-David-Frosts-charm-offensive.html. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ "Hearing Trust". Hearing Trust. http://www.hearingtrust.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ CaritasData (2006). Who's Who In Charities 2007. ISBN 1-904964-27-3.
- ^ "Patrons page at Alzheimer's Research UK". Alzheimersresearchuk.org. http://www.alzheimers-research.org.uk/aboutus/whoweare/people.php?type=Patrons. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
- ^ Beresford, Philip, ed. (2006). The "Sunday Times" Rich List 2006-2007: 5,000 of the Wealthiest People in the United Kingdom. A & C Black Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-7136-7941-7.
- ^ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3ifcdf033a039397d33af1e1010cab7e66?pn=2 (Subscription required)
- ^ Corcoran, Mark (2009-02-17). "The World According to Frost". ABC Online. http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2009/s2494109.htm.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Frost, David |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 7 April 1939 |
| Place of birth | Tenterden, Kent, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Mickey Mantle | |
|---|---|
 Mantle in 1953 |
|
| Center fielder | |
| Born: (1931-10-20)October 20, 1931 Spavinaw, Oklahoma |
|
| Died: August 13, 1995(1995-08-13) (aged 63) Dallas, Texas |
|
| Batted: Switch | Threw: Right |
| MLB debut | |
| April 17, 1951 for the New York Yankees | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 28, 1968 for the New York Yankees | |
| Career statistics | |
| Batting average | .298 |
| Home runs | 536 |
| Hits | 2,415 |
| Runs batted in | 1,509 |
| Teams | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|
|
| Member of the National | |
 Baseball Hall of Fame |
|
| Induction | 1974 |
| Vote | 88.2% (first ballot) |
Mickey Charles Mantle (October 20, 1931 – August 13, 1995) was an American baseball center fielder who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees from 1951 to 1968. Mantle is regarded by many to be the greatest switch hitter of all time,[1] and one of the greatest players in baseball history. Mantle was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 [2] and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.
Mantle was noted for his hitting ability, both for average and for power.[citation needed] He won the Triple Crown in 1956, leading MLB in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in (RBI).[3] He received three American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards and played in twenty All-Star games. Mantle appeared in 12 World Series, winning 7 of them. He holds the records for most World Series home runs (18), RBIs (40), runs (42), walks (43), extra-base hits (26), and total bases (123).[4] He is also the career leader in walk-off home runs, with a combined thirteen, twelve in the regular season and one in the postseason.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Mickey Mantle was born in Spavinaw, Oklahoma, the son of Elvin Charles Mantle, a lead miner known as "Mutt," and Lovell (née Richardson) Mantle.[5] He was of at least partial English ancestry; his great-grandfather, George Mantle, left Brierley Hill, in England's Black Country, in 1848.[6]
Mutt named his son in honor of Mickey Cochrane, the Hall of Fame catcher.[5] Later in his life, Mantle expressed relief that his father had not known Cochrane's true first name, as he would have hated to be named Gordon.[7] Mantle spoke warmly of his father, and said he was the bravest man he ever knew. "No boy ever loved his father more," he said. Mickey would use his natural right-handed swing against his left-handed father and then turn around and bat left-handed against his right-handed grandfather. His father died of Hodgkin's disease in 1952 at the age of 39, just as his son was starting his career.
When Mantle was four years old, the family moved to the nearby town of Commerce, Oklahoma, where his father worked in lead and zinc mines.[5] As a teenager, Mantle rooted for the St. Louis Cardinals.[8] Mantle was an all-around athlete at Commerce High School, playing basketball as well as football (he was offered a football scholarship by the University of Oklahoma) in addition to his first love, baseball. His football playing nearly ended his athletic career, and indeed his life. Kicked in the shin during a game, Mantle's leg soon became infected with osteomyelitis, a crippling disease that would have been incurable just a few years earlier. A midnight drive to Tulsa, Oklahoma, enabled Mantle to be treated with newly available penicillin, saving his leg from amputation.[5] Additionally, Mantle's osteomyelitic condition exempted him from military service, which caused him to become very unpopular with fans early on, who doubtless reasoned that a person who was physically fit to play baseball was sufficiently fit to serve in the military, particularly when it was observed that he was selected as an All-Star in the same year that his "medical exemption" had been given.[citation needed]
Professional career[link]
Minor league baseball (1948–1950)[link]
Mantle began his professional career with the semi-professional Baxter Springs Whiz Kids.[5] In 1948, Yankees' scout Tom Greenwade came to Baxter Springs to watch Mantle's teammate, third baseman Billy Johnson. During the game, Mantle hit three home runs. Greenwade returned in 1949, after Mantle's high school graduation, to sign Mantle to a minor league contract. Mantle signed for $140 per month ($1,367 today) with a $1,500 ($14,652 today) signing bonus.[5]
Mantle was assigned to the Yankees' Class-D Independence Yankees of the Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League,[9] where he played shortstop.[5] During a slump, Mantle called his father to tell him he wanted to quit baseball. Mutt drove to Independence and convinced Mantle to keep playing baseball.[5] Mantle hit .313 for the Independence Yankees.[5][9]
In 1950, Mantle was promoted to the Class-C Joplin Miners of the Western Association.[9] Mantle won the Western Association batting title, with a .383 average. He also hit 26 home runs and recorded 136 runs batted in.[5] However, Mantle struggled defensively at shortstop.[5]
Major League Baseball (1951–1968)[link]
Rookie season: 1951[link]
Mantle was invited to the Yankees instructional camp before the 1951 season. After an impressive spring training, Yankees manager Casey Stengel decided to promote Mantle to the majors as a right fielder instead of sending him to the minors.[5]
"He's the greatest prospect I've seen in my time, and I go back quite a ways. I'll swear I expect to see that boy just take off and fly any time."
—Bill Dickey on Mickey Mantle[10]
Mantle was assigned uniform #6, signifying the expectation that he would become the next Yankees star, following Babe Ruth (#3), Lou Gehrig (#4) and Joe DiMaggio (#5).[5] Stengel, speaking to SPORT, stated "He's got more natural power from both sides than anybody I ever saw."[11] Bill Dickey called Mantle "the greatest prospect [he's] seen in [his] time."[10]
After a brief slump, Mantle was sent down to the Yankees' top farm team, the Kansas City Blues. However, he was not able to find the power he once had in the lower minors. Out of frustration, he called his father one day and told him, "I don't think I can play baseball anymore." Mutt drove up to Kansas City that day. When he arrived, he started packing his son's clothes and (in Mickey's memory) said, "I thought I raised a man. I see I raised a coward instead. You can come back to Oklahoma and work the mines with me."[12] Mantle immediately broke out of his slump, going on to hit .311 with 23 homers and 87 RBIs during his stay in Kansas City.[5]
Mantle was called up to the Yankees after 40 games with Kansas City, this time wearing uniform #7.[5] He hit .267 with 13 home runs and 65 RBI in 96 games. He only appeared in two games of the 1951 World Series.
Stardom: 1952–1964[link]
Mantle moved to center field in 1952, replacing DiMaggio, who retired at the end of the 1951 season.[5] Mantle played center field full-time until 1965, when he was moved to left field. His final two seasons were spent at first base. Among his many accomplishments are all-time World Series records for home runs (18), runs scored (42), and runs batted in (40).
In 1956, Mantle won the Hickok Belt as top professional athlete of the year. This was his "favorite summer," a year that saw him win the Triple Crown, leading the majors with a .353 batting average, 52 home runs, and 130 runs batted in, and his first of three MVP awards. Mantle remains the most recent player to win the Major League Triple Crown by leading both leagues in all three categories. He is also the last player to win a single league Triple Crown as a switch hitter.
Mantle won his second consecutive MVP award in 1957.[13] Mantle led the league in runs and walks, and batted a career-high .365 (second in the league to Ted Williams' .388), and hitting into a league-low five double plays. Mantle reached base more times than he made outs (319 to 312), one of two seasons in which he achieved the feat.
On January 16, 1961, Mantle became the highest-paid player in baseball by signing a $75,000 ($583,296 today) contract.[14] DiMaggio, Hank Greenberg, and Ted Williams, who had just retired, had been paid over $100,000 in a season, and Ruth had a peak salary of $80,000. Mantle became the highest-paid active player of his time.
Mantle's relationship with the New York press was not always friendly. During the 1961 season, Mantle and teammate Roger Maris, known as the M&M Boys, chased Babe Ruth's single-season home run record. Five years earlier, in 1956, Mantle had challenged Ruth's record for most of the season, and the New York press had been protective of Ruth on that occasion also. When Mantle finally fell short, finishing with 52, there seemed to be a collective sigh of relief from the New York traditionalists. Nor had the New York press been all that kind to Mantle in his early years with the team: he struck out frequently, was injury-prone, was a "true hick" from Oklahoma, and was perceived as being distinctly inferior to his predecessor in center field, Joe DiMaggio. Over the course of time, however, Mantle (with a little help from his teammate Whitey Ford, a native of New York's Borough of Queens) had gotten better at "schmoozing" with the New York media, and had gained the favor of the press. This was a talent that Maris, a blunt-spoken upper-Midwesterner, was never willing or able to cultivate; as a result, he wore the "surly" jacket for his duration with the Yankees. So as 1961 progressed, the Yanks were now "Mickey Mantle's team," and Maris was ostracized as the "outsider," and said to be "not a true Yankee." The press seemed to root for Mantle and to belittle Maris. But Mantle was felled by an abscessed hip late in the season, leaving Maris to break the record (he finished with 61). Mantle finished with 54 while leading the league in runs scored and walks.
In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 3 of the 1964 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, Mickey Mantle blasted Barney Schultz's first pitch into the right field stands at Yankee Stadium, which won the game for the Yankees 2–1. However, the Cardinals would ultimately walk away with the World Series title.
Decline: 1965–1968[link]
Injuries slowed Mantle and the Yankees during the 1965 season, and they finished in 6th, 25 games behind the Minnesota Twins.[15] Mantle hit .255 that season with only 19 home runs. After the 1966 season, he was moved to first base with Joe Pepitone taking over his place in the outfield. Mantle batted .237 in 1968.[16]
Mantle announced his retirement on March 1, 1969. When he retired, Mantle was third on the all-time home run list with 536.[16] At the time of his retirement, Mantle was the Yankees all-time leader in games played with 2,401, which was broken by Derek Jeter on August 29, 2011.[17]
Player profile[link]
Power hitting[link]
Mantle also hit some of the longest home runs in Major League history. On September 10, 1960, he hit a ball left-handed that cleared the right-field roof at Tiger Stadium in Detroit and, based on where it was found, was estimated years later by historian Mark Gallagher to have traveled 643 feet (196 m). Another Mantle homer, hit right-handed off Chuck Stobbs at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. on April 17, 1953, was measured by Yankees traveling secretary Red Patterson (hence the term "tape-measure home run") to have traveled 565 feet (172 m). Though it is apparent that they are actually the distances where the balls ended up after bouncing several times,[18] there is no doubt that they both landed more than 500 feet (152 m) from home plate. Mantle twice hit balls off the third-deck facade at Yankee Stadium, nearly becoming the only player (along with Negro Leagues star Josh Gibson, though Gibson's home run has never been conclusively verified) to hit a fair ball out of the stadium during a game. On May 22, 1963, against Kansas City's Bill Fischer, Mantle hit a ball that fellow players and fans claimed was still rising when it hit the 110-foot (34 m) high facade, then caromed back onto the playing field. It was later estimated by some that the ball could have traveled 620 feet (190 m) had it not been blocked by the ornate and distinctive facade. While physicists might question those estimates, on August 12, 1964, he hit one whose distance was undoubted: a center field drive that cleared the 22-foot (6.7 m) batter's eye screen, beyond the 461-foot (141 m) marker at the Stadium.
Although he was a feared power hitter from either side of the plate, Mantle considered himself a better right-handed hitter even though he had more home runs from the left side of the plate: 372 left-handed, 164 right-handed.[19] That was due to Mantle having batted left-handed much more often, as the large majority of pitchers are right-handed. In addition, many of his left-handed home runs were hit in Yankee Stadium, a park much friendlier to left-handed hitters than to right-handed hitters. When Mantle played for the Yankees, the distance to the right-field foul pole stood at a mere 296 feet (90 m), with markers in the power alleys of 344 and 407, while the left-field power alley ranged from 402 to 457 feet (139 m) from the plate.
Injuries[link]
Mickey Mantle's career was plagued with injuries. Beginning in high school, he accumulated both acute and chronic injuries to bones and cartilage in his legs. Applying thick wraps to both of his knees became a pre-game ritual, and by the end of his career, simply swinging a bat caused him to fall to one knee in pain. Baseball scholars often ponder "what if" had he not been injured, and he was able to lead a healthy career.[20][21]
As a 19-year-old rookie in his first World Series, Mantle tore the cartilage in his right knee on a fly ball by Willie Mays while playing right field. Joe DiMaggio, in the last year of his career, was playing center field. Mays' fly was hit to deep right center, and as both Mantle and DiMaggio converged to make the catch, DiMaggio called for it at the last second, causing Mantle to suddenly stop short as his cleats caught a drainage cover in the outfield grass. His knee twisted awkwardly and he instantly fell. Witnesses say it looked "like he had been shot." He was carried off the field on a stretcher and watched the rest of the World Series on TV from a hospital bed.[21] Some[who?] have speculated that Mantle may have torn his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during the incident and played the rest of his career without having it properly treated since ACLs could not be repaired with the surgical techniques available in that era. Still, Mantle was known as the "fastest man to first base" and won the American League triple crown after these injuries. With the Korean War raging, he was drafted by the US Army but failed the physical exam and was rejected as unfit for service.
During the 1957 World Series, Milwaukee Braves second baseman Red Schoendienst fell on Mantle's left shoulder in a collision at second base.[22] Over the next decade, Mantle would experience increasing difficulty hitting from his left side.
Appearances outside of baseball[link]
Mantle made a (talking) cameo appearance in Teresa Brewer's 1956 song "I Love Mickey," which extolled Mantle's power hitting.[23] The song was included in one of the Baseball's Greatest Hits CDs.
In 1962, Mantle and Maris starred in Safe at Home!.
Post-playing career[link]
Mantle served as a part-time color commentator on NBC's baseball coverage in 1969, teaming with Curt Gowdy and Tony Kubek to call some Game of the Week telecasts as well as that year's All-Star Game. In 1972 he was a part-time TV commentator for the Montreal Expos.
Despite being among the best-paid players of the pre-free agency era, Mantle was a poor businessman, having made several bad investments. His lifestyle would be restored to one of luxury, and his hold on his fans raised to an amazing level, by his position of leadership in the sports memorabilia craze that swept the USA, beginning in the 1980s. Mantle was a prized guest at any baseball card show, commanding fees far in excess of any other player for his appearances and autographs. This popularity continues long after his death, as Mantle-related items far outsell those of any other player except possibly Babe Ruth, whose items, due to the distance of years, now exist in far smaller quantities. Mantle insisted that the promoters of baseball card shows always include one of the lesser-known Yankees of his era, such as Moose Skowron or Hank Bauer so that they could earn some money from the event.
Despite the failure of Mickey Mantle's Country Cookin' restaurants in the early 1970s, Mickey Mantle's Restaurant & Sports Bar opened in New York at 42 Central Park South (59th Street) in 1988. It became one of New York's most popular restaurants, and his original Yankee Stadium Monument Park plaque is displayed at the front entrance. Mantle let others run the business operations, but made frequent appearances.
In 1983, Mantle worked at the Claridge Resort and Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as a greeter and community representative. Most of his activities were representing the Claridge in golf tournaments and other charity events. But Mantle was suspended from baseball by Commissioner Bowie Kuhn on the grounds that any affiliation with gambling was grounds for being placed on the "permanently ineligible" list. Kuhn warned Mantle before he accepted the position that he would have to place him on the list if Mantle went to work there. Hall of Famer Willie Mays, who had also taken a similar position, had already had action taken against him. Mantle accepted the position, regardless, as he felt the rule was "stupid." He was placed on the list, but reinstated on March 18, 1985, by Kuhn's successor, Peter Ueberroth.[24]
In 1992, Mantle wrote My Favorite Summer 1956 about his 1956 season.[25]
Personal life[link]
On December 23, 1951, Mantle married Merlyn Johnson in Commerce, Oklahoma; they had four sons.[26] In an autobiography, Mantle said he married Merlyn not out of love, but because he was told to by his domineering father. While his drinking became public knowledge during his lifetime, the press (per established practice at the time) kept quiet about his many marital infidelities. Mantle was not entirely discreet about them, and when he went to his retirement ceremony in 1969, he brought his mistress along with his wife. In 1980, Mickey and Merlyn separated for 15 years, but neither filed for divorce. During this time, Mantle lived with his agent, Greer Johnson.
The couple's four sons were Mickey Jr. (1953–2000), David (born 1955), Billy (1957–94), whom Mickey named for Billy Martin, his best friend among his Yankee teammates, and Danny (born 1960). Like Mickey, Merlyn and their sons all became alcoholics,[27] and Billy developed Hodgkin's disease, as had several previous men in Mantle's family.
During the final years of his life, Mantle purchased a luxury condominium on Lake Oconee near Greensboro, Georgia, near Greer Johnson's home, and frequently stayed there for months at a time. He occasionally attended the local Methodist church, and sometimes ate Sunday dinner with members of the congregation. He was well liked by the citizens of Greensboro, and seemed to like them in return. This was probably because the town respected Mantle's privacy, refusing either to talk about their famous neighbor to outsiders or to direct fans to his home. In one interview, Mickey stated that the people of Greensboro had "gone out of their way to make me feel welcome, and I've found something there I haven't enjoyed since I was a kid."
Mantle's off-field behavior is the subject of the book The Last Boy: Mickey Mantle and the End of America's Childhood, written in 2010 by sports journalist Jane Leavy. [28] Excerpts from the book have been published in Sports Illustrated.
Illness and death[link]
Well before he finally sought treatment for alcoholism, Mantle admitted his hard living had hurt both his playing and his family. His rationale was that the men in his family had all died young, so he expected to die young as well.[29] His father had died of Hodgkin's disease at age 40 in 1952, and his grandfather had also died young of the same disease. "I'm not gonna be cheated," he would say. Mantle did not know at the time that most of the men in his family had inhaled lead and zinc dust in the mines, which contribute to Hodgkins' and other cancers. As the years passed, and he had outlived all the men in his family by several years, he frequently used a line popularized by football legend Bobby Layne, a Dallas neighbor and friend of Mantle's who also died in part due to alcohol abuse: "If I'd known I was gonna live this long, I'd have taken a lot better care of myself."[30]
Mantle's wife and sons all completed treatment for alcoholism, and told him he needed to do the same. He checked into the Betty Ford Clinic on January 7, 1994, after being told by a doctor that his liver "looked like a doorstop" and was so badly damaged that "your next drink could be your last." Also helping Mantle to make the decision to go to the Betty Ford Clinic was sportscaster Pat Summerall, who had played for the New York Giants football team while they played at Yankee Stadium, by then a recovering alcoholic and a member of the same Dallas-area country club as Mantle; Summerall himself had been treated at the clinic in 1992.
Shortly after Mantle completed treatment, his son Billy died on March 12, 1994, at age 36 of heart problems brought on by years of substance abuse. Despite the fears of those who knew him that this tragedy would send him back to drinking, he remained sober. Mickey Jr. later died of liver cancer on December 20, 2000, at age 47. Danny later battled prostate cancer.
Mantle spoke with great remorse of his drinking in a 1994 Sports Illustrated cover story.[31] He said that he was telling the same old stories, and realizing how many of them involved himself and others being drunk – including at least one drunk-driving accident – he decided they were not funny anymore. He admitted he had often been cruel and hurtful to family, friends, and fans because of his alcoholism, and sought to make amends. He became a born-again Christian because of his former teammate Bobby Richardson, an ordained Baptist minister who shared his faith with him. After the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995, Mantle joined with fellow Oklahoman and Yankee Bobby Murcer to raise money for the victims.[citation needed]
Mantle received a liver transplant at Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, on June 8, 1995. His liver was severely damaged by alcohol-induced cirrhosis, as well as hepatitis C. Prior to the operation, doctors also discovered he had inoperable liver cancer known as an undifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, further facilitating the need for a transplant.[32][33] In July, he had recovered enough to deliver a press conference at Baylor, and noted that many fans had looked to him as a role model. "This is a role model: Don't be like me," a frail Mantle said. He also established the Mickey Mantle Foundation to raise awareness for organ donations. Soon, he was back in the hospital, where it was found that his cancer was rapidly spreading throughout his body.
Though Mantle was very popular, his liver transplant was a source of some controversy. Some felt that his fame had permitted him to receive a donor liver in just one day,[34] bypassing other patients who had been waiting for much longer. Mantle's doctors insisted that the decision was based solely on medical criteria, but acknowledged that the very short wait created the appearance of favoritism.[35] While he was recovering, Mantle made peace with his estranged wife, Merlyn, and repeated a request he made decades before for Bobby Richardson to read a poem at Mantle's funeral if he died.[36]
Mantle died on August 13, 1995, at Baylor University Medical Center with his wife at his side. The Yankees played Cleveland that day and honored him with a tribute. Eddie Layton played "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" on the Hammond organ because Mickey had once told him it was his favorite song. The team played the rest of the season with black mourning bands topped by a small number 7 on their left sleeves. Mantle was interred in the Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas. In eulogizing Mantle, sportscaster Bob Costas described him as "a fragile hero to whom we had an emotional attachment so strong and lasting that it defied logic." Costas added: "In the last year of his life, Mickey Mantle, always so hard on himself, finally came to accept and appreciate the distinction between a role model and a hero. The first, he often was not. The second, he always will be. And, in the end, people got it."[37] Richardson did oblige in reading the poem at Mantle's funeral, something he described as being extremely difficult.[36]
After Mantle's death, Greer Johnson was taken to federal court in November 1997 by the Mantle family to stop her from auctioning many of Mantle's personal items, including a lock of hair, a neck brace, and expired credit cards. Eventually, the two sides reached a settlement, ensuring the sale of some of Mickey Mantle's belongings for approximately $500,000.[38]
Honors[link]
 |
|
| Mickey Mantle's number 7 was retired by the New York Yankees in 1969. |
On Mickey Mantle Day, June 8, 1969, in addition to the retirement of his uniform Number 7, Mantle was given a plaque that would hang on the center field wall at Yankee Stadium, near the monuments to Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Miller Huggins.[39] The plaque was given to him by Joe DiMaggio, and Mantle then gave DiMaggio a similar plaque, telling the crowd, "Joe DiMaggio's [plaque] deserves to be higher."[40] DiMaggio's plaque was hung one inch higher than Mantle's.[41] When Yankee Stadium was reopened in 1976 following its renovation, the plaques and monuments were moved to Monument Park, behind the left-center field fence.[41]
Shortly before his death, Mantle videotaped a message to be played on Old-Timers' Day, which he was too ill to attend. He said, "When I die, I wanted on my tombstone, 'A great teammate.' But I didn't think it would be this soon." The words were indeed carved on the plaque marking his resting place at the family mausoleum in Dallas. On August 25, 1996, about a year after his death, Mantle's Monument Park plaque was replaced with a monument, bearing the words "A great teammate" and keeping a phrase that had been included on the original plaque: "A magnificent Yankee who left a legacy of unequaled courage." Mantle's original plaque, along with DiMaggio's, are now on display at the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, with the DiMaggio plaque still hung a few inches higher than Mantle's.
Mantle and former teammate Whitey Ford were elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame together in 1974, Mantle's first year of eligibility, Ford's second.[42]
Beginning in 1997, the Topps Baseball Card company retired the card #7 in its base sets in tribute to Mantle, whose career was taking off just as Topps began producing baseball cards. Mantle's cards, especially his 1952 Topps card, are extremely popular and valuable among card collectors. Though Topps un-retired the #7 in 2006, the number is reserved for cards of Mantle, remade with each year's design.
In 1998, "The Sporting News" placed Mantle at 17th on its list of "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players".[43] That same year, he was one of 100 nominees for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, and was chosen by fan balloting as one of the team's outfielders. ESPN's SportsCentury series that ran in 1999 ranked him No. 37 on its "50 Greatest Athletes" series.
In 2006, Mantle was featured on a United States postage stamp.[44] The stamp is one of a series of four honoring baseball sluggers, the others being Mel Ott, Roy Campanella, and Hank Greenberg.
Newcastle Field at Bricktown, the home stadium of the Triple-A Oklahoma City RedHawks, is located at 2 South Mickey Mantle Drive in Oklahoma City.[45] A statue of Mantle is located at the Mickey Mantle Plaza at the stadium.
Depictions[link]
In 2001, the movie 61*, produced by Yankee fan Billy Crystal, chronicled Mantle (played by Thomas Jane) and Maris (played by Barry Pepper) chasing Babe Ruth's single season home run record. Mickey's son, Danny, and grandson, Will, appeared briefly as a father and son watching as Mickey hit a home run.[citation needed]
In 2003, Tom Russell's album Modern Art included the song "The Kid from Spavinaw", retelling the arc of Mantle's career. Mantle also had multiple references in the sitcom Seinfeld, specifically the episodes "The Visa" where Kramer punches him while at a baseball fantasy camp and "Seven" where George Costanza wants to name his future baby as 'Seven' based on Mickey Mantle's uniform number.[46]
The song "Talkin Baseball" released in 1981 by Terry Cashman had the refrain "Willie, Mickey and The Duke".
The award-winning poet B. H. Fairchild wrote a narrative poem "Body and Soul" depicting the young Mickey Mantle.
Awards and achievements[link]
| Award/Honor | # of Times | Dates | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| American League All-Star | 20 | 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 19591, 19592, 19601, 19602, 19611, 19612, 19621, 19622, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968 | [47] |
| American League batting champion | 1 | 1956 | [47] |
| American League home run champion | 4 | 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960 | [47] |
| American League MVP Award | 3 | 1956, 1957, 1962 | [47] |
| American League Gold Glove Award winner | 1 | 1962 | [47] |
| American League Triple Crown | 1 | 1956 | [47] |
| Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year | 1 | 1956 | [48] |
| Hickok Belt | 1 | 1956 | [49] |
| Hutch Award | 1 | 1965 | [47] |
| World Series champion | 7 | 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962 | [47] |
See also[link]
.jpg){kind=small}
- List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle
- 50 home run club
- 500 home run club
- List of Major League Baseball home run records
- List of top 300 Major League Baseball home run hitters
- List of major league players with 2,000 hits
- List of Major League Baseball players with 1,000 runs
- List of Major League Baseball players with 1,000 runs batted in
- List of Major League Baseball leaders in career stolen bases
- List of Major League Baseball batting champions
- List of Major League Baseball home run champions
- List of Major League Baseball runs batted in champions
- List of Major League Baseball runs scored champions
- List of Major League Baseball triples champions
- Major League Baseball titles leaders
References[link]
- Bibliography
- Ed Cheek (1998). Mickey Mantle: His Final Inning. American Tract Society. ISBN 1-55837-138-9.
- Michael MacCambridge, ed. (1999). "Mickey Mantle: Our Symbol". ESPN SportsCentury. New York: Hyperion-ESPN Books. p. 166. ISBN 0-7868-6471-0.
- SPORT magazine, June 1951
- Leavy, Jane (2010). THE LAST BOY: Mickey Mantle and the End of America’s Childhood. ISBN 0-06-088352-9.
- Gallagher, Mark (1987). Explosion! Mickey Mantle's Legendary Home Runs. ISBN 0-87795-853-X.
- Footnotes
- ^ "Mantle is baseball's top switch hitter". http://research.sabr.org/journals/mantle-is-baseballs-top-switch-hitter.
- ^ "Mickey Mantle at the Baseball Hall of Fame". baseballhall.org. http://baseballhall.org/hof/mantle-mickey. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ "Baseball Reference". Baseball Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "On what would have been his 80th birthday, Mickey Mantle's World Series home run record still stands". MLB.com (Major League Baseball Advanced Media). October 20, 2011. http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20111020&content_id=25724740&vkey=news_nyy&c_id=nyy. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "New York 500 Home Run Club Mickey Mantle - Yankees". ESPN New York. ESPN.com. June 2, 2010. http://sports.espn.go.com/new-york/mlb/news/story?id=5188288. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
- ^ Leavy, Jane (2010). The Last Boy. New York: Harper.
- ^ Castro, Tony (2002). Mickey Mantle: America's Prodigal Son. ISBN 1-57488-384-4.
- ^ "Mantle's life a warning". ISA Tpdau. August 15, 1995. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/19375110.html?dids=19375110:19375110&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+15%2C+1995&author=&pub=USA+TODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Mantle%27s+life+a+warning&pqatl=google. Retrieved November 26, 2011. (Subscription required)
- ^ a b c "Mickey Mantle Minor League Statistics and History". Sports Reference. http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=mantle001mic. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ a b "Dickey Calls Mickey Mantle Best Prospect He Ever Saw". Chicago Daily Tribune: p. B3. March 23, 1951. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/503633222.html?dids=503633222:503633222&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+23%2C+1951&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Dickey+Calls+Mickey+Mantle+Best+Prospect+He+Ever+Saw&pqatl=google. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ SPORT, June 1951
- ^ "Talkin' Matt Wieters and the concept of hype, with Bill James". CNN. June 1, 2009. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/joe_posnanski/06/01/james.wieters/index.html. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "Stunned Mantle Again Named 'Most Valuable'". St. Petersburg Times. United Press International. November 23, 1957. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VZlSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P3YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4378,3652258. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Sports Illustrated (2010). "Mickey Mantle - 1961 - Back in Time: January 1961 - Photos - SI Vault". SI.com. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/gallery/featured/GAL1150791/1/index.htm. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ Araton, Harvey (July 21, 2008). "Yanks’ Woes of ’08 Eerily Similar to ’65". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/21/sports/baseball/21araton.html?ref=baseball. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
- ^ a b "Mantle Calls it Quits With Yanks". The Press-Courier. United Press International: p. 19. March 2, 1969. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RgBSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=izQNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6611,192697. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Hoch, Bryan (August 29, 2011). "Jeter adds games played to his Yanks records". MLB.com. http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110828&content_id=23856358¬ebook_id=23857254&vkey=notebook_nyy&c_id=nyy. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
- ^ "Longest Home Run Ever Hit by Baseball Almanac". Baseball-almanac.com. http://www.baseball-almanac.com/feats/art_hr.shtml. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "www.baseball-almanac.com". www.baseball-almanac.com. http://www.baseball-almanac.com/deaths/mickey_mantle_obituary.shtml. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "Mickey Mantle "Mini-Biography"". Lewis Early. http://www.themick.com/mini-bio.htm. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- ^ a b Schwartz, Larry. "Mantle was first in fans' hearts". ESPN. ESPN.com. http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016135.html. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- ^ "Mantle, Schoendienst Both Shelved". Lawrence Journal-World: p. 14. October 9, 1957. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5ShRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wd8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=6955,622393. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Bernstein, Adam (October 17, 2007). "To Fans of 40 Years, Teresa Brewer Meant 'Music! Music! Music!'". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/17/AR2007101702427.html. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ "Ban Lifted on Mantle and Mays". Boston Globe. Associated Press: p. 32. March 19, 1985. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/661893211.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+19%2C+1985&author=Associated+Press&pub=Boston+Globe+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=BAN+LIFTED+ON+MANTLE+AND+MAYS&pqatl=google. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ Mantle, Mickey (1992). My Favorite Summer 1956. Island Books. ISBN 0-440-21203-0.
- ^ Kepner, Tyler (August 11, 2009). "Widow of Mantle Dies at Age 77". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/11/sports/baseball/11mantle.html. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- ^ Obernauer, Michael (August 11, 2009). "Merlyn Mantle, widow of Yankee icon Mickey Mantle, succumbs to Alzheimer's disease at age 77". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/yankees/2009/08/11/2009-08-11_merlyn_mantle.html. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- ^ "Brett Favre, Tiger Woods, Sports Bad Boys Couldn't Touch Mickey Mantle". http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/brett-favre-tiger-woods-sports-bad-boys-couldnt-touch-mickey-mantle-101510/.
- ^ "Begos Kevin, "A Wounded Hero", ''CR Magazine'', Winter 2010". Crmagazine.org. http://www.crmagazine.org/archive/Winter2010/Pages/AWoundedHero.aspx. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "Mickey Mantle Quotes". Baseball-almanac.com. http://www.baseball-almanac.com/quotes/quomant.shtml. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ "Time in a Bottle". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. 1994-04-18. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/features/1998/yankees/galleries/cover31.html. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (1995-08-14). "THE DEATH OF A HERO; Mantle's Cancer 'Most Aggressive' His Doctors Had Seen". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/14/sports/the-death-of-a-hero-mantle-s-cancer-most-aggressive-his-doctors-had-seen.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Anderson, Dave (1995-06-08). "Sports of The Times; Mickey Mantle's Cancer". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/08/sports/sports-of-the-times-mickey-mantle-s-cancer.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Grady, Denise (June 22, 2009). "A Transplant That Is Raising Many Questions". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23liver.html. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
- ^ "In With The New". Americanscientist.org. 2002-10-02. http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/in-with-the-new. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ a b Madden, Bill. Pride of October: What It Was to Be Young and a Yankee. ISBN 0-446-55460-X
- ^ The Mick website[dead link]
- ^ Drellich, Evan (2009-08-10). "Merlyn Mantle, widow of Mickey, dies at 77". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/baseball/yankees/merlyn-mantle-widow-of-mickey-dies-at-77-1.1361191. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ "Cheers, Tears Ring For Mantle As Uniform No. 7 Is Retired". St. Petersburg Times. June 9, 1969. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y8paAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0XsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4332,7055861. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ "Quite A Day For Mickey at Proud Yankee Stadium". Herald-Journal. Associated Press. June 6, 1969. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=43ssAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2cwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5954,1473277. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ a b Sandomir, Richard (September 21, 2010). "Everyone Agrees: Steinbrenner’s Plaque Is Big". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/22/sports/baseball/22monument.html. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ The Montreal Gazette. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ppMuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bqEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3739,2879955. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Baseball's 100 Greatest Players (The Sporting News)". Baseball Almanac. http://www.baseball-almanac.com/legendary/lisn100.shtml. Retrieved December 31, 2010.
- ^ "U.S. Postal Service: New Stamps, 2006". Usps.com. http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2006/sr06_039.htm. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "About | Oklahoma City RedHawks Ballpark". Web.minorleaguebaseball.com. http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/team1/page.jsp?ymd=20070307&content_id=188585&vkey=team1_t238&fext=.jsp&sid=t238. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ Carter, Bill (March 19, 1998). "'Seinfeld' Writers Plot Their Busy Afterlife". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/19/arts/seinfeld-writers-plot-their-busy-afterlife.html. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Mickey Mantle Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/mantlmi01.shtml. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "Mickey Mantle Named Outstanding Male Athlete Of Year: Yankee Star Leads Field By Overwhelming Margin". The Hartford Courant: p. 2D. December 23, 1956. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/906420272.html?dids=906420272:906420272&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Dec+23%2C+1956&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Mickey+Mantle+Named+Outstanding+Male+Athlete+Of+Year&pqatl=google. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "Hickok Award to Yankee Star". The Windsor Daily Star. Associated Press: p. 18. January 22, 1957. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QCw_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=i1AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4576,2137156. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mickey Mantle |
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
- Mickey Mantle at the Internet Movie Database
- Mickey Mantle at Findagrave.com
- "50 Years Later, A Slide Still Confounds", New York Times, 30 September 2010
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ted Williams |
American League Triple Crown 1956 |
Succeeded by Frank Robinson |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mantle, Mickey Charles |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Professional baseball player |
| Date of birth | October 20, 1931 |
| Place of birth | Spavinaw, Oklahoma |
| Date of death | August 13, 1995 |
| Place of death | Dallas, Texas |
http://wn.com/Mickey_Mantle
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mantle
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Keir Dullea | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1936-05-30) May 30, 1936 (age 76) Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Spouse | Margot Bennett (m. 1960-1968) Susan Lessons (m. 1969-1970) Susie Fuller (m. 1972-1998) Mia Dillon (m. 1999-present) |
Keir Dullea (
/ˈkɪər duːˈleɪ/; born May 30, 1936) is an American actor best known for the character of astronaut David Bowman, whom he portrayed in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey[1] and in 1984's 2010: The Year We Make Contact.[2] He has also played roles in films including Bunny Lake is Missing (1965) and Black Christmas (1974).[3]
Contents |
Life[link]
Dullea was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Margaret (née Ruttan) and Robert Dullea.[4] Dullea was raised in the Greenwich Village section of New York City where his parents ran a bookstore. He graduated from George School in Pennsylvania. After graduating from high school he attended both Rutgers University and San Francisco State University before deciding to pursue acting.[5]
Dullea has been married four times. His first marriage was to stage and film actress Margot Bennett in 1960. Their marriage lasted until 1968. He was married the following year to Susan Lessons; however their marriage only lasted a year before they divorced in 1970. In 1972, Dullea married a third time to Susie Fuller, who had two daughters from a previous relationship. The couple had met during the London run of Butterflies Are Free. After their marriage, Dullea, Fuller and her children lived in London for several years. The marriage ended with her death in 1998. Dullea married the actress Mia Dillon in 1999. They split their time between an apartment in Manhattan and a house in Connecticut.
Career[link]
Early career[link]
Dullea made his film debut in 1961's Hoodlum Priest,[6] in which he played a juvenile delinquent, though he had an earlier role as the German pilot in a 1960 television adaptation of Mrs. Miniver starring Maureen O'Hara. In 1962, he starred with Janet Margolin in David and Lisa, a film based on the book by Theodore Isaac Rubin, M.D.,a psychiatrist who treated the two adolescent schizophrenics portrayed in the film. He played a number of emotionally disturbed youths in films such as the first screen adaptation of James Jones' The Thin Red Line (1964), and Bunny Lake is Missing (1965), which co-starred Dullea with Laurence Olivier, Carol Lynley, and Noël Coward. Although they shared no scenes together in the film, when Coward initially met Dullea on the set, he uttered the often quoted line, 'Keir Dullea, gone tomorrow.'
Dullea also appeared on television in shows such as Naked City, a police drama about New York City, The Eleventh Hour, a medical drama about psychiatry, and Channing, a drama about life on a college campus starring Jason Evers and Henry Jones. In 1965 he guest-starred as Lieutenant Kurt Muller in episode 20, "To Heinie, With Love", of 12 O-Clock High (TV series). He appeared with John Huston in the movie De Sade (1969), playing the title role (the Marquis de Sade). He also appeared with Anne Heywood and Sandy Dennis in the 1967 film The Fox.
Later career[link]
Since the great success of 2001, Dullea has had difficulty reproducing a similar success on film, although he was a regular vocal performer on CBS Radio Mystery Theater, which ran from 1974 to 1982. Dullea has also had a long and successful career on stage in New York City and in regional theaters. Dullea's other notable roles include Devon in the short-lived 1973 science fiction series The Starlost, Clayton Anderson Jr. in Madame X, Paul Renfield in The Fox, and Thomas Grambell in Brave New World (1981). In 2000, he appeared in The Audrey Hepburn Story as Hepburn's father Joseph. He had a major role in the 1974 cult classic Black Christmas.
In 2006, he had a role as a US Senator and a "major influence and mentor" to Matt Damon's character, in Robert De Niro's film The Good Shepherd.
Stage[link]
Dullea has stated that despite being more recognized for his film work, he prefers the stage.[5] His first Broadway appearance was in 1967 in Dr. Cook's Garden with Burl Ives. Two years later he starred in the 1969 hit Broadway comedy, Butterflies Are Free alongside Blythe Danner. The play detailed a blind youth's desire to break free from his overprotective mother and pursue love with a free spirited girl. In the play, he introduced the title song written by Stephen Schwartz (later recording the tune on an album for Platypus Records). In 1974, he played Brick Pollitt in the Tennessee Williams classic Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. The production featured the now definitive rewrite of the play.[7] He also starred in the 1975 Broadway play, P. S. Your Cat Is Dead!. In 1982, Dullea starred in an Off-Broadway production of AE Hotchner's Sweet Prince, under the direction of his wife, Susie Fuller.[8] The following year, the couple co-founded the Theater Artists Workshop of Westport.[5]
In July 1984, Dullea was guest artist aboard the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2. On July 11, he performed Anton Chekov's one-act play "The Harmfulness of Tobacco" in the QE2 Theatre.
In December, 2004, for their annual birthday celebration to "The Master", The Noel Coward Society invited Dullea as the guest celebrity to lay flowers in front of Coward's statue at New York's Gershwin Theatre, thereby commemorating the 105th birthday of Sir Noel. Around the same time, Sony Home Video released Bunny Lake Is Missing for the first time on DVD.
In April 2010, Dullea performed the role of Tom Garrison in the off-Broadway production of the Robert Anderson play, I Never Sang For My Father co-starring Oscar-nominated actress Marsha Mason (as Margaret Garrison) and film and stage actor Matt Servitto (as Gene Garrison).
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Hoodlum Priest | Billy Lee Jackson | |
| 1962 | David and Lisa | David Clemens | |
| 1964 | Le Ore Nude | Aldo | |
| Mail Order Bride | Lee Carey | ||
| The Thin Red Line | Pvt. Doll | ||
| 1965 | Bunny Lake Is Missing | Stephen Lake | |
| 1966 | Madame X | Clayton Anderson Jr. | |
| 1967 | The Fox | Paul Grenfel | |
| 1968 | 2001: A Space Odyssey | Commander Dave Bowman | |
| 1969 | De Sade | Louis Alphonse Donatien, Marquis de Sade | |
| 1972 | Devil in the Brain | Oscar Minno | |
| Pope Joan | Dr. Stevens | Uncredited Role | |
| 1973 | Paperback Hero | Rick Dylan | |
| 1974 | Paul and Michelle | Garry | |
| Black Christmas | Peter Smythe | ||
| 1977 | Three Dangerous Ladies | David | Segment: The Mannikin |
| Welcome to Blood City | Lewis | ||
| Full Circle | Magnus Lofting | ||
| 1978 | Leopard in the Snow | Dominic Lyall | |
| 1983 | Brainwaves | Julian Bedford | |
| 1984 | Blind Date | Dr. Steiger | |
| The Next One | Glenn/The Next One | ||
| 2010 | Dr. David Bowman | ||
| 1992 | Oh, What a Night | Thorvald | Released Direct-to-Video |
| 2000 | The Divine Inspiration | Short film | |
| 2003 | Three Days of Rain | ||
| Alien Hunter | Secretary Bayer | ||
| 2006 | The Day My Towers Fell | Harry Gold | Short film |
| A Lonely Sky | Older Man | Short film | |
| The Good Shepherd | Senator John Russell, Sr. | ||
| 2008 | The Accidental Husband | Karl Bollenbecker | |
| 2009 | Fortune | Jonah Pryce | awaiting release |
| All Me, All theTime | Jake | post-production |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse | Tim Dryden | Episode: Cry Ruin |
| Mrs. Miniver | German Pilot | CBS TV-Movie | |
| 1961 | Route 66 | Paul | Episode: Black November |
| Hallmark Hall of Fame | Elisha | Episode: Give Us Barabbas! | |
| Play of the Week | Episode: All Summer Long | ||
| The New Breed | Frank | Episode: Prime Target | |
| 1961, 1962, 1963 | The United States Steel Hour | Donald 'Don' McCabe |
Episode: The Big Splash Episode: The Golden Thirty Episode: Far from the Shade Tree Episode: The Young Avengers |
| Alcoa Premiere | Maples Linc Ketterman Tommy Miller Eric Green |
Episode: People Need People Episode: The Tiger Episode:Ordeal in Darkness Episode: The Broken Year |
|
| 1961, 1963 | Naked City | Joey Ross Les Gerard |
Episode: Murder Is a Face I Know Episode: The Apple Falls Not Far from the Tree |
| 1962 | Checkmate | Eddie Phillips | Episode: A Very Rough Sketch |
| Cain's Hundred | Alec Benden | Episode: A Creature Lurks in Ambush | |
| Kraft Mystery Theater | Episode: Cry Ruin | ||
| The DuPont Show of the Week | Lieutenant | Episode: The Outpost | |
| The Eleventh Hour | Jerry Bullock | Episode: Cry a Little for Mary Too | |
| 1963 | Empire | Skip Wade | Episode: Stopover on the Way to the Moon |
| Bonanza | Bob Jolley | Episode: Elegy for a Hangman | |
| Going My Way | Dennis Brady | Episode: One Small Unhappy Family | |
| 1964 | Channing | Episode: The Trouble with Girls | |
| The Wednesday Play | Episode: Pale Horse, Pale Rider | ||
| 1965 | Twelve O'Clock High | Lt. Muller | Episode: To Heine - With Love |
| 1970 | Black Water Gold | Christofer Perdeger | ABC TV-Movie |
| 1971 | Montserrat | Montserrat | PBS TV-Movie |
| 1972 | McMillan & Wife | Buzz Simms | Episode: Blues for Sally M |
| 1973–1974 | The Starlost | Devon | |
| 1975 | Switch | Anthony Kirk | Episode: The James Caan Con |
| 1976 | Law and Order | Johnny Morrison | NBC TV-Movie |
| 1978 | Because He's My Friend | Eric | ABC TV-Movie |
| 1979 | The Legend of the Golden Gun | General Custer | NBC TV-Movie |
| 1980 | Brave New World | Thomas Grambell | NBC TV-Movie |
| The Hostage Tower | Mr. Smith | CBS TV-Movie | |
| 1981 | No Place to Hide | Cliff Letterman | CBS TV-Movie |
| 1983 | Loving Friends and Perfect Couples | ||
| 1986 | Guiding Light | Dr. Mark Jarrett | |
| 1989 | Murder, She Wrote | Jason Reynard | Episode: Test of Wills |
| 2000 | The Audrey Hepburn Story | Joseph Hepburn | ABC TV-Movie |
| Songs in Ordinary Time | Sam Fermoyle | CBS TV-Movie | |
| 2001 | Witchblade | Dr. Immo | Episode: Convergence |
| 2001, 2006 | Law & Order | Paul Lyman Andrew Keener |
Episode: Hubris Episode: Cost of Capital |
| 2002 | Ed | Robert Stanley | Episode: Nice Guys Finish Last |
| Law & Order: Special Victims Unit | Judge Walt Thornburg | Episode: Justice | |
| 2009 | Castle | Jonathan Tisdale | Episode: Flowers for Your Grave |
Awards and nominations[link]
- 1964: Nominated, "Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles" - David and Lisa
- 1964: Won, "Most Promising Male Newcomer"
Laurel Awards
- 1963: Nominated, "Top New Male Personality"
San Francisco International Film Festival
- 1962: Won, "Best Actor" - David and Lisa
Further reading[link]
- Paul, Louis (2008). "Keir Dullea". Tales From the Cult Film Trenches; Interviews with 36 Actors from Horror, Science Fiction and Exploitation Cinema. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 68–74. ISBN 978-0-7864-2994-3.
References[link]
- ^ New York Times
- ^ New York Times
- ^ Profile at The New York Times
- ^ "Keir Dullea Biography (1936-)". http://www.filmreference.com/. http://www.filmreference.com/film/55/Keir-Dullea.html. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
- ^ a b c Nash, Margo (2007-04-08). "After 50 Years in Acting, Fully Relaxed in His Craft". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/08/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/08ctpeople.html. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
- ^ New York Times
- ^ http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800011074/bio
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/25/theater/theater-hotchner-s-sweet-prince.html
External links[link]
- Keir Dullea at the Internet Movie Database
- Keir Dullea at the Internet Broadway Database
- Keir Dullea at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dullea, Keir |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Actor |
| Date of birth | 1936-05-30 |
| Place of birth | Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Keir_Dullea
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Dullea
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- 1969 - Iggy Pop
- 1969 - Sisters Of Mercy
- 1969 - Vines
- 1969 - The Vines
- 1969 - Daan
- 1969 - Joey Ramone
- 1969 - The Stooges
- 1969 - Vines, The
- 1969 - Dirt Nasty
- 1969 - SLC Punk Soundtrack
- 1969 - Myka 9
- 1969 - Stooges
- 1969 - Vargas Blues Band
Well alright
Well it's 1969 okay
We got a war across the USA
There's nothing here for me and you
We're just sitting here with nothing to do
Well, there's nothing here for me and you
Another year with nothing to do
Now, last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
Now, I'm gonna be 22
So, oh my, I'll boohoo
Well, now I'm gonna be 22
So, oh my, I'll boohoo
It's 1969 okay
We got a war across the USA
There's nothing here for me and you
We're just sitting here with nothing to do
Well, it's 1969, baby
Well, it's 1969, baby
Well, it's 9-9-9-teen 69
Teen 69
Teen 69
Well alright
Well it's 1969 okay
We got a war across the USA
There's nothing here for me and you
We're just sitting here with nothing to do
Well, there's nothing here for me and you
Another year with nothing to do
Now, last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
Now, I'm gonna be 22
So, oh my, I'll boohoo
Well, now I'm gonna be 22
So, oh my, I'll boohoo
It's 1969 okay
We got a war across the USA
There's nothing here for me and you
We're just sitting here with nothing to do
Well, it's 1969, baby
Well, it's 1969, baby
Well, it's 9-9-9-teen 69
Teen 69
Teen 69
Its 1969 in my head
I just wanna have no place to go
Livin thru the sound of the dead
I'm gonna get stoned look round at my soul
I'm hearin voices in the trees
And seein footsteps in the rain
I just wanna die before I loose my dol
I have been cryin in my sleep
Cause I dont kno where i've been
I just wanna live to see another day
Hey hey hey hey
When I get my buick six
I'll see my life drop in that whirlpool
If I get to see you again
You're the only one I know
Here we go
There I stand
I'm a seed
Of a man
Dare I go
Dare I stare
I'm a seed
Its 1969 in my head
I just wanna have no place to go
Livin thru the sound of the dead
I'm gonna get stoned look round at my soul
I'm hearin voices in the trees
And seein footsteps in the rain
I just wanna die before I loose my dol
I have been cryin in my sleep
Cause I dont kno where i've been
I just wanna live to see another day
Hey hey hey hey [x8]
When I get my buick six
I'll see my life drop in that whirlpool
If I get to see you again
You're the only one I know
Here we go
There I stand
I'm a seed
Of a man
Dare I go
Dare I stare
I'm a seed
of a man
I remember sixty eight
Though I was a sperm
I had so much left to learn
So many different future heartburns
I came out in '69
Thought the world was fine but
I grew up a different guy
Since 1969
Even if I know I'm not
The melancholy kind
If I'd known what I'd find
I'd've gotten back in and stayed behind
For now I think I've seen too much
Too much to forget to
Take me back to where it's at
To 1969
Sitting in a Paris bar
I saw the Concorde crash
We were born the very same day
We were bound to fly much faster
Oh my little steely bird
Come to meet your end and
Fly me back from where we came
To 1969
No, I don't think I regret
Any single year
It's so easy to look back
I've been there and I've done that so now
Stop the custom Cadillac
Light the flashy tails and
Drive me back in style and grace
Well it's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothin' to do
Nothing here
For me and you
Nothin' here
With nothin' to do
Now last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and boo hoo
I said now I'm gonna be 22
Oh my and boo hoo hoo
It's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothin' to do
1969
It's 1969
It's 1969
Well it's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
It's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Another year
With nothing to do
It's 1969
Its 1969 in my head
I just wanna have no place to go
Livin thru the sound of the dead
I'm gonna get stoned look round at my soul
I'm hearin voices in the trees
And seein footsteps in the rain
I just wanna die before I loose my dol
I have been cryin in my sleep
Cause I dont kno where i've been
I just wanna live to see another day
Hey hey hey hey [x8]
When I get my buick six
I'll see my life drop in that whirlpool
If I get to see you again
You're the only one I know
Here we go
There I stand
I'm a seed
Of a man
Dare I go
Dare I stare
I'm a seed
of a man
I ain't got no money, but my love is real
I'm gonna drop some acid, I wanna smoke some weed
I wanna fuck you like it's 1969.
She's got them go-go boots, she's a flower child
We could go all the way, but first you wait a while
I wanna party like it's 1969.
[Dirt Nasty:]
'69 Summer of Love, 1980 summer of drugs
Man, I shoulda been a hippie, dropped the acid with Janice and Jimmy
Do me while I hit the doobie
Flower in her ear, natural boobies
Coochie bushy as fuck, free love and the V Dub Bus
Woodstock here I come, with a bag of 'shrooms
And my loaded love gun, so huh, just relax, kick back and hit this hash
Thumbs up on the shoulder pads, you know the rules: ass, grass or cash. Stay high, stay lude, say goodbye to my bottle of Quelude.
I ain't got no money, but my love is real
I'm gonna drop some acid, I wanna smoke some weed
I wanna fuck you like it's 1969.
She's got them go-go boots, she's a flower child
We could go all the way, but first you wait a while
I wanna party like it's 1969.
[Too Short:]
Everybody's poppin bottles and dreamin about goin out with models
I spend a lot on a round of shots, I get drunk and I clown a lot
But I wish I could go back in time, back to 1969
Maybe hit a few orgies, y'all, and have unsafe sex with gorgeous broads
Yea, that's what's up, I could use my dick to express my love
Because I love you baby, that was 40 years ago I must be crazy
You wanna get your hype with me, then go far away from society
I just know want to fuck you now, let's drop out and make a love child.
I ain't got no money, but my love is real
I'm gonna drop some acid, I wanna smoke some weed
I wanna fuck you like it's 1969.
She's got them go-go boots, she's a flower child
We could go all the way, but first you wait a while
Well it's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
It's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Another year
With nothing to do
It's 1969
[Verse 1:]
Hippies, politicals, hippies to sexual revolution
Led Zeppelin, Woodstock plastics, innocence
Jimmy Hendrix, free love and indeed sunshine of your mind
The peace movement took Chicago late
And they took four dead in Ohio
The nakedness awakening a riot
Monte Python was flying in the circus
Bliss concerts, you know the doors are open
And the Vietnam War, Bob Dylan, Electric Kool-Aid, Acid tests once more
Soul Shakedown, [?], Bob Marley, Weather The Storm
King Keezy, Jamaica and the shores
Alistair Crowley, Blowfly records
From Rocksteady to hardcore
The Gutter Punks that rock and roll adored
[Chorus:]
Every memory all around me
Every energy comes flowing to the show
It was all in me back in 1969
With my mother and my father's seeds
[?] to discovery
From the moments that I couldn't have even I began to breathe
Back in 1969
[Verse 2:]
Ska and reggae with the buddhism, good ism
This is space oddity and David Bowie listen
With the mushrooms that Terence McKenna do
The nudist colonies, never fearing [?]
Syphilites and peyote
And the play called heroin
We were noticed [?]
Women's rights, votes wagon buses
Bra burning, militant discussions
Faithful Grateful Dead and ganja
Crystal energies, something strong for the head
And lots of drugs, goo goo's and rainbows
San Francisco styles of [?]
Haight-Ashbury, Venice Beach
Janice Joplin [?]
Aldus Huxley LSD
Free speech, Timothy Leary
Doors of perception are appearing
[Chorus]
[Verse 3:]
Black and white connection, Miles Davis in collection
Indian spirits resurrections
James Brown getting down
Onto country joe, the cointelpro file
Counterculture know how
The trip over racial violence, we can liberate from this
Give back to the land, earth, day
And announce that it works this way
Well it's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Last year I was 21
I didn't have a lot of fun
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
And now I'm gonna be 22
I say oh my and a boo hoo
It's 1969 okay
All across the USA
It's another year
For me and you
Another year
With nothing to do
Another year
With nothing to do
sundress and flowers
i got her on my mind
she gave me free sweet love
aquarius was her sign
back in nineteen
back in nineteen
nineteen sixty-nine
did you ever hear him play?
he opened up my eyes
what a glorious moment
when he kissed the sky
back in nineteen
back in nineteen
nineteen sixty-nine
did you think the world would change?
that the war would end
and freedom sing?
did you take the magic carpet ride
following a dream?
did i see you there at woodstock
or on the dock of the bay
on purple haze?
back in nineteen sixty-nine
back in nineteen
back in nineteen
do you remember nineteen sixty-nine?
back in nineteen
back in nineteen
do you remember nineteen sixty-nine
do you remember all of the magic?
it was like following a dream
back in nineteen sixty-nine
back in nineteen
back in nineteen
