Charles Taylor may refer to:

Political figures[link]

• Charles Taylor (Liberian politician) (born 1948), former warlord and former President of Liberia
• Charles "Chuckie" Taylor, Jr., nickname for Charles McArther Emmanuel, his son
• Charles John Taylor (1826–1897), New Zealand politician of the 1850s
• Charles Taylor (UK politician) (1910–1989), British politician and MP for Eastbourne
• Charles H. Taylor (born 1941), former U.S. Congressman from North Carolina
• Charles Keith Taylor (born 1931), Canadian politician

Scholars and artists[link]

• Charles Taylor (scholar) (1840–1908), British Hebrew scholar
• Charles Taylor (philosopher) (born 1931), Canadian philosopher and social theorist
• Charles P. B. Taylor (1935–1997), Canadian journalist, author and horsebreeder
• Charles Taylor (physicist) (1922–2002), British physicist and lecturer
• Charles H. Taylor (lyricist) (1859–1907), British lyricist
• Charles V. Taylor (linguist) (?–2009), Australian linguist

Sports people[link]

• C. I. Taylor (1875–1922), co-founder of the Negro National League
• Charles Taylor (cricketer) (1816–1869), English cricketer
• Charles Taylor (rugby player) (1863–1915), Wales rugby international player
• Charles Asampong Taylor (born 1981), Ghanaian football player
• Bud Taylor (Charles Bernard Taylor, 1903–1962), former American boxer
• Rick Taylor (American football) (Charles F. Taylor, born 1940), American college football coach and athletic director
• Charley Taylor (born 1941), American professional football player
• Charlie Taylor (footballer born 1993), English professional football player
• Charlie Taylor (footballer born 1985), English footballer
• Chuck Taylor (baseball) (Charles Gilbert Taylor, born 1942), baseball player
• Chuck Taylor (American football) (1920–1994), member of the College Football Hall of Fame
• Chuck Taylor (salesman) (1901–1969), basketball player and shoe salesman
• Chuck Taylor (wrestler) (born 1986), American independent professional wrestler based in the CHIKARA promotion in Pennsylvania

Journalism[link]

• Charles H. Taylor (publisher) (1846–1921), publisher of the Boston Globe
• Chuck Taylor (writer and editor) (born 1962), American music journalist
• Chuck Taylor (journalist) (born 1957), American journalist

Characters[link]

• Chuck Taylor, a recurring news anchor character on Chappelle's Show

Others[link]

• Charles Taylor (Medal of Honor) (1840–1899), US Cavalry soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
• Charles Carroll Taylor, United States Navy Lieutenant, leader of ill-fated Flight 19
• Charlie Taylor (mechanic) (1868–1956), Wright Brothers' mechanic, built the first aircraft engine
  • Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award, named for the above person
• Chuck Taylor, rapper who appeared on Warren G's In the Mid-Nite Hour album
• Charles Taylor (actor), American actor
• Charles Taylor (priest) (born 1953), current Dean of Peterborough
• Charles Taylor, Jr., American author
• Charles L. Taylor, industrialist and friend of Andrew Carnegie
• Charles Taylor (calico printer and dyer) fl 1800. Pioneer of textiles bleaching with chlorine.

This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Chief Rabbi the Right Honourable  The Lord Sacks  Kt
Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
Position	Chief Rabbi
Organisation	United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
Began	1991
Ended	Incumbent
Predecessor	The Lord Jakobovits
Personal details
Born	(1948-03-08) March 8, 1948 (age 64) London, England
Nationality	British
Denomination	Orthodox
Spouse	Elaine Taylor Sacks
Children	Joshua, Dina and Gila
Alma mater	Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge New College, Oxford King's College London
Semicha	Jews' College and Etz Chaim Yeshiva (London)

Jonathan Henry Sacks, Baron Sacks, Kt (born 8 March 1948, London) is the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth. His Hebrew name is Yaakov Zvi. As the spiritual head of the United Synagogue, the largest synagogue body in the UK, he is the Chief Rabbi of the British Orthodox synagogues, but he is not a religious authority for the Federation of Synagogues or the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations or the other movements, Masorti, Reform and Liberal Judaism.^[1][2]

Family[link]

He is married with three children.^[3] One of his daughters, Gila Sacks, is a former Special Adviser to Gordon Brown.

Education[link]

Sacks was educated at St Mary's Primary School and Christ's College Finchley, Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge (MA), New College, Oxford, King's College London (PhD), Jews' College London and Etz Chaim Yeshiva (London).^[4]

In addition to the PhD he earned at King's College,^[5] he has also been awarded honorary doctorates from the universities of: Cambridge; Glasgow; Haifa; Middlesex; Yeshiva University; Liverpool and St. Andrews, Roehampton University and is an honorary fellow of Gonville and Caius and King's College London.

Career[link]

In September 1991 Sacks succeeded Lord Jakobovits as Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth. Prior to taking up his current post, Rabbi Sacks was Principal of Jews' College, as well as rabbi of the Golders Green and Marble Arch synagogues.^[6]

Sacks heads the Chief Rabbi's Cabinet^[4] consisting of fourteen other rabbis who advise him on a number of areas, such as Jewish education, Israel, Jewish-Christian relations, matters relating to the Beit Din (Jewish court), and several other areas of concern to the Jewish community. The Chief Rabbi's Cabinet meets on a quarterly basis and its members are entitled to represent the Chief Rabbi at public events.

Sacks had been Principal of Jews' College, London, the world's oldest rabbinical seminary, as well as rabbi of the Golders Green (1978–1982) and Marble Arch (1983–1990) Synagogues in London. He gained rabbinic ordination from Jews' College as well as from London's Etz Chaim Yeshiva (London).

Praise and recognition[link]

In September 2001 the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him a doctorate of divinity in recognition of his first ten years in the Chief Rabbinate of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.

In 2004, his book The Dignity of Difference was awarded the Grawemeyer Award for Religion.

Sacks was knighted in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2005 "For services to the Community and to Inter-faith Relations."^[7]

He was made an Honorary Freeman of the London Borough of Barnet in September 2006.^[8]

On 13 July 2009 it was announced that Sacks was recommended for a life peerage with a seat in the House of Lords by the House of Lords Appointments Commission.^[9][10] He took the style Baron Sacks of Aldgate in the City of London.^[11]

He was invited to the wedding of Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton as a representative for the Jewish community.^[12]

Views[link]

Some Orthodox opposition[link]

After the publication of his book The Dignity of Difference, a group of Haredi rabbis, most notably Rabbis Yosef Shalom Elyashiv and Bezalel Rakow, accused Sacks of heresy against what they consider the traditional Orthodox viewpoint (although many Orthodox Jews and others as well consider the Haredi'im sector "ultra-Orthodox" rather than merely "Orthodox," see Haredi article). According to them, some words seemed to imply an endorsement of pure relativism between religions, and that Judaism is not the sole true religion, e.g. "No one creed has a monopoly on spiritual truth." This led him to rephrase more clearly some sentences in the book for its second edition, though he refused to recall books already in the stores.^[13]

In his "Preface to the Second Edition" of the book, Sacks wrote that certain passages in the book had been misconstrued: he had already explicitly criticised cultural and religious relativism in his book, and he did not deny Judaism's uniqueness. He also stressed however that mainstream rabbinic teachings teach that wisdom, righteousness and the possibility of a true relationship with God are all available in non-Jewish cultures and religions as an on-going heritage from the covenant that God made with Noah and all his descendants, so the tradition teaches that one does not need to be Jewish to know God or truth or to attain salvation.^[14][15] As this diversity of covenantal bonds implies, however, traditional Jewish sources do clearly deny that any one creed has a monopoly on spiritual truth. Monopolistic and simplistic claims of universal truth he has characterized as imperialistic, pagan and Platonic, and not Jewish at all.^[16]

Efforts to accommodate Haredi Jews[link]

A book by the British historian and journalist Meir Persoff, Another Way, Another Time, has argued that "Sacks’s top priority has been staying in the good graces of the Haredi, or strictly Orthodox, faction, whose high birthrate has made it the fastest-growing component of British Jewry." But, Persoff has argued, "the Orthodox circles Sacks strives to placate will never consider him Orthodox enough no matter what he does."^[17]

Rabbi Gryn and Rabbi Jacobs[link]

Sacks provoked considerable controversy in the Anglo-Jewish community in 1996 when he refused to attend the funeral service of the late Reform Rabbi Hugo Gryn and a private letter he had written in Hebrew, which (in translation) asserted that Gryn was "among those who destroy the faith," was leaked and published. He wrote further that he was an "enemy" of the Reform, Liberal and Masorti movements, leading some to reject the notion that he is "Chief Rabbi" for all Jews in Britain. He attended a memorial meeting for Gryn, a move that brought the wrath of some in the ultra-Orthodox community.^[18][19] Rabbi Dow Marmur argued that after attending the memorial service, Sacks then attempted to placate the ultra-Orthodox community, an attempt which Marmur has described as “neurotic and cowardly."^[20]

A similar stance was taken by Sacks and his Beth Din when they prevented the retired Rabbi Louis Jacobs, who had helped establish the British branch of the Masorti movement, from being called up for the Reading of the Torah on the Saturday before his grand-daughter's wedding.^[21]

Secularism and Europe's changing demographics[link]

Sacks has expressed concern at what he regards as the negative effects of materialism and secularism in European society, arguing that they undermine the basic values of family life and lead to selfishness. In 2009 Sacks gave an address claiming that Europeans have chosen consumerism over the self-sacrifice of parenting children, and that "the major assault on religion today comes from the neo-Darwinians." He argued that Europe is in population decline "because non-believers lack shared values of family and community that religion has."^{[22][23][24][25]}

Consumerism and Steve Jobs[link]

Rabbi Sacks made remarks at an inter-faith reception attended by the Queen, in November 2011, in which he criticised what he believed to be the selfish consumer culture that has only brought unhappiness. "The consumer society was laid down by the late Steve Jobs coming down the mountain with two tablets, iPad one and iPad two, and the result is that we now have a culture of iPod, iPhone, iTune, i, i, i. When you're an individualist, egocentric culture and you only care about 'I,’ you don’t do terribly well." ^{[26][27][28][29]} In a later statement, the Chief Rabbi's office said "The Chief Rabbi meant no criticism of either Steve Jobs personally or the contribution Apple has made to the development of technology in the 21st century."^[26]

Current positions[link]

• Rabbi and Spiritual Leader, Western Marble Arch Synagogue, London (since May 1, 2004).
• Jakobovits Professor in modern Jewish thought, Jews' College London, 1982.
• Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth (since September 1, 1991).
• Visiting professor of theology at King's College London.
• Honorary fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1993.
• Presentation (Honorary) fellow, King's College London, 1993.
• Member of the Board of World Religious Leaders, The Elijah Interfaith Institute.^[30]

Previous positions held[link]

• Lecturer in moral philosophy, Middlesex Polytechnic, 1971–1973.
• Lecturer, Jews' College London, 1973–82; director of its rabbinic facility, 1983–1990; Principal, 1984–1990.
• Visiting professor of philosophy at the University of Essex, 1989–1990.
• Sherman lecturer at the University of Manchester, 1989.
• Riddell lecturer at the University of Newcastle.
• Cook lecturer at the University of Oxford, University of Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews.
• Visiting professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Sacks is also a frequent guest on both television and radio, and regularly contributes to the national press. He delivered the 1990 [[BBC]] [[Reith Lectures]] on The Persistence of Faith].

Works by Jonathan Sacks[link]

• Traditional alternatives: Orthodoxy and the future of the Jewish people (1989)
• Tradition in an Untraditional Age (1990)
• BBC Reith Lectures: The Persistence of Faith (1990)
• Persistence of Faith (1991)
• Arguments for the Sake of Heaven (1991)
• Crisis and Covenant (1992)
• One People? (1993)
• Will We Have Jewish Grandchildren? (1994)
• Community of Faith (1995)
• Torah Studies: Discourses by Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson (1996)
• The Politics of Hope (1997 revised 2nd edition 2000)
• Morals and Markets (1999)
• Celebrating Life (2000)
• Radical Then, Radical Now (published in America as A Letter in the Scroll) (2001)
• Dignity of Difference (2002) (Grawemeyer Award winner)
• The Chief Rabbi's Haggadah (2003)
• To Heal a Fractured World – The Ethics of Responsibility (2005)
• The Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth, Fourth Edition (2006)
• The Home We Build Together – Recreating Society (2007)
• The Koren Sacks Siddur (2009)
• Covenant & Conversation: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible (2009)
• Future Tense: Jews, Judaism, and Israel in the Twenty-first Century (2009)
• The Great Partnership: God, Science and the Search For Meaning (2011)
• The Koren Sacks Rosh HaShana Mahzor (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jonathan Sacks

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jonathan Sacks

• Office of the Chief Rabbi
• Koren Publishers Jerusalem website
• Amazon Author Page
• The 1990 BBC Reith Lectures 1990: The Persistence of Faith

Foday Sankoh
Leader of the Revolutionary United Front
In office 1991–2000
Succeeded by	Sam Bockarie
Personal details
Born	(1937-10-17)October 17, 1937 Masang Mayoso, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone
Died	July 29, 2003(2003-07-29) (aged 65) Freetown, Sierra Leone
Nationality	Sierra Leonean
Political party	Revolutionary United Front
Alma mater	University of London, University of East London
Profession	Rebel, Soldier
Military service
Allegiance	Sierra Leone
Service/branch	Sierra Leone Army
Years of service	1956-1971
Rank	Corporal

Foday Saybana Sankoh (October 17, 1937 – July 29, 2003) was the leader and founder of the Sierra Leone rebel group Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in the 11-year-long Sierra Leone Civil War, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. An estimated 50,000 people were killed during the war, and over 500,000 people were displaced in neighboring countries.

Early life and career[link]

Foday Sankoh was born on October 17, 1937, in the remote village of Masang Mayoso, Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone to an ethnic Temne father and a Loko mother. Sankoh was the son of a farmer.

Sankoh attended primary and secondary school in Magburaka, Tonkolili District and took on a number of jobs in Magburaka before he joined the Sierra Leone army in 1956. He undertook training in Nigeria and the United Kingdom. In 1971, then a corporal in the Sierra Leone army, he was cashiered from the army's signal corps and imprisoned for seven years at the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown for taking part in a mutiny.

On his release he worked as an itinerant photographer in the south and east of Sierra Leone, eventually coming in contact with young radicals and finding his way to Libya for insurgency training in 1988. This was organized by Muammar Gaddafi who also helped to bring Charles Taylor to power. According to Douglas Farah, "The amputation of the arms and legs of men, women, and children as part of a scorched-earth campaign was designed to take over the region’s rich diamond fields and was backed by Gaddafi, who routinely reviewed their progress and supplied weapons".^[1]

On their return to Sierra Leone, Sankoh and confederates Rashid Mansaray and Abu Kanu solicited support for an armed uprising to oust the APC government. They then traveled to Liberia, where they reportedly continued recruiting and served with Charles G. Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL).

Civil war[link]

On March 23, 1991, the RUF, led by Foday Sankoh and backed by Charles Taylor, launched its first attack in villages in Kailahun District in the diamond-rich Eastern Province of Sierra Leone.

The RUF became notorious for brutal practices such as mass rapes and amputations during the civil war. Sankoh personally ordered many operations, including one called "Operation Pay Yourself" that encouraged troops to loot anything they could find. After complaining about such tactics, Kanu and Mansaray were summarily executed. In March 1997, Sankoh fled to Nigeria, where he was put under house arrest, and then imprisoned. From this time until Sankoh's release in 1999, Sam Bockarie performed the task of director of military operations of the RUF. During the ten-year war, Sankoh broke several promises to stop fighting, including the Abidjan Peace Accord and the Lomé Peace Accord signed in 1999. Eventually the United Kingdom and ECOMOG intervened with their own small, but professional, military forces, and the RUF was eventually crushed. Sankoh was later arrested after his soldiers gunned down a number of protesters outside his Freetown home in 2000. His arrest led to massive celebrations throughout Sierra Leone. Sankoh was handed to the British and, under jurisdiction of a UN-backed court^{[citation needed]}, he was indicted on 17 counts for various war crimes, including use of child soldiers, and crimes against humanity, including extermination, enslavement, rape and sexual slavery.^[2]

Death[link]

Sankoh died of complications arising from a stroke whilst awaiting trial. In a statement by the UN backed war crimes court, chief prosecutor David Crane said that Sankoh's death granted him "a peaceful end that he denied to so many others."^[3]

References[link]

External links[link]

• BBC obituary
• Photos of Atrocities (Warning: graphic images)
• Economist obituary

Major Johnny Paul Koroma (born May 9, 1960) was the Head of State of Sierra Leone from May 1997 to February 1998.

Youth and Education[link]

Koroma grew up in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone. However, he was born in Tombodu, Kono District, in eastern Sierra Leone to Limba parents. He is from the same ethnic group as former Presidents Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh. He joined the Sierra Leonean army in 1985, and went to Sandhurst Military Academy in England to train as an officer in 1988. He returned to Sierra Leone the next year and was promoted to Section Commander, and soon thereafter to Company Commander. He continued to move up the ladder, and in 1994 he went to the Teshi Military College in Ghana to train in the subjects of Army Command and General Staff.

Coups and civil war[link]

Koroma received military training in Nigeria and Britain. He commanded government forces who were fighting against the Revolutionary United Front of Foday Sankoh. He was arrested in August 1996 due to his involvement in a coup plot against the southern civilian officials who were in control of the country. President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah was to have been killed. Koroma was freed from prison during a successful military coup on May 25, 1997, when soldiers loyal to him brought him to power. He advocated making a peaceful settlement with Sankoh and allowing him to join the government, though this never happened.

After the coup in 1997, Koroma was named Head of State and Chairman of the AFRC. Koroma invited the leadership of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) to join the AFRC, which they promptly did. In order to maintain order, Koroma suspended the constitution, banned demonstrations and abolished all political parties.

Armed Forces Revolutionary Council[link]

The AFRC coup was accompanied by an explosion of violence against civilians throughout the nation; the key strategic change was that the RUF had immediate access throughout the country, something they had failed to achieve through six years of military action. Koroma cited corruption, erosion of state sovereignty, over-dependence on foreign nations, and government failure to address tensions between the SLA and government-backed tribal militia movements (in particular the Kamajors) as the pretext for the coup. Koroma's story is consistent with the AFRC - the failings of the Abidjan Peace Accord struck between the Government of Sierra Leone and the RUF on 30 November 1996.

Involvement of ECOMOG[link]

By 2 June 1997, the RUF/AFRC found itself at odds with Nigerian forces, which were deployed unilaterally at this stage under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Ceasefire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) and its mandate of August 1997). The Nigerians were stationed in and around Freetown's Western Area, trading mortar fire along the main highway into Freetown and around the Freetown International Airport. Koroma immediately sought to ease the situation, seeking mediation, which resulted in the signing of a peace accord in late October 1997 in Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Almost immediately, violations of the peace accord were perpetrated by all sides to the complex conflict in Sierra Leone. By January 1998, ECOMOG forces were preparing to oust the RUF/AFRC from power. On 6 February 1998, ECOMOG forces invaded key locations in the Western Area, removing the RUF/AFRC entirely by 12 February 1998. On 1 March 1998, ECOMOG forces commenced operations in provincial Sierra Leone, removing the RUF/AFRC from every key town except Kailahun (in the far east of the country). By December 1998, RUF/AFRC forces had reversed this position, entering Freetown in January 1999. Failing to hold territory, the RUF/AFRC retreated into the Northern Province of Sierra Leone.

Lomé Peace Agreement[link]

The leadership of the RUF led peace negotiations with the Government of Sierra Leone led to the signing of the Lomé Peace Accord on 7 July 1999. Koroma was cut out of both negotiations and the AFRC did not benefit from the substantive provisions of the agreement. Nevertheless, Koroma participated in the disarmament process, encouraging those SLA soldiers that had joined the AFRC to demobilize. By 2000, Koroma no longer held significant influence over the RUF leadership, as evidenced by the involvement of ex-AFRC members (from a splinter group called the West Side Boys) in defending towns in Port Loko District against a renewed RUF offensive in May 2000. In August 2000, Koroma officially disbanded the AFRC and sought to consolidate his political position through the formation of a political party.

Special Court for Sierra Leone[link]

In early 2002, the Government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations signed a bilateral treaty establishing the Special Court for Sierra Leone, mandated to try those who "bear the greatest responsibility" for crimes against humanity, war crimes and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. According to the indictment, the RUF and AFRC, under the orders of Koroma, led armed attacks in Sierra Leone wherein the primary targets included civilians, humanitarian aid workers, and UN peacekeeping forces. These attacks served the purpose of terrorizing the population as a form of punishment for not supporting rebel activities. These attacks included such crimes as looting, murder, physical violence (notably mutilations), employing child soldiers, sexual violence and rape, as well as kidnapping women and girls to be raped or turned into sex slaves. Men and boys were also abducted and forced to work or fight for the rebel groups.

On 7 March 2003, the Prosecutor of the Special Court issued his first indictments. For his role in the RUF/AFRC, Koroma was among them. Koroma fled Freetown in December, reportedly to Liberia. On 1 June 2003 he was officially declared dead under mysterious circumstances, claimed to be murdered. The Prosecutor has yet to withdraw the indictment against Koroma. An October 2006 newspaper headline in Freetown stated "Johnny Paul has 1,000 armed soldiers".

According to a report in September 2008, Koroma's remains were found buried in Foya, a village in Liberia's Lofa County; this was unconfirmed, however.^[1] Stephen Rapp, the Special Court for Sierra Leone's current Prosecutor, noted in a recent interview that DNA tests on the remains found in Lofa County did not match Johnny Paul Koroma's DNA. As of 2010, many still believe Koroma was executed somewhere in Lofa at the hands of former Liberia President Charles Taylor.^[2] Three witnesses- Taylor’s former Vice President Moses Blah, former member of Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) rebel group Joseph Zig Zag Marzah, and a protected witness-^[3] each testified that while they did not witness Koroma's execution,^[3] Taylor did tell them about it.^[3] In October 2010, Taylor's defense team filed a motion to have these testimonies removed as evidence,^[3] alleging that the prosecution bribed these three witnesses,^[3] but this motion was rejected the following month.^[4]

References[link]

v t e Presidents of Sierra Leone (List) Christopher Okoro Cole • Siaka Stevens • Joseph Saidu Momoh • Yahya Kanu† • Valentine Strasser† • Julius Maada Bio† • Ahmad Tejan Kabbah • Johnny Paul Koroma† • Ahmad Tejan Kabbah • Ernest Bai Koroma  †denotes military ruler

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2011)

Tu Weiming (Chinese: 杜維明; pinyin: Dù Wéimíng), b.1940, is an ethicist and a New Confucian. He is Lifetime Professor of Philosophy and founding Dean of the Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies at Peking University. He is also Research Professor and Senior Fellow of Asia Center at Harvard University.

Biography[link]

Tu was Harvard-Yenching Professor of Chinese History and Philosophy and of Confucian Studies in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University (1999–2010). He was Director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute (1996–2008) and Director of the Institute of Culture and Communication at the East-West Center in Hawaii (1990–1991). He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Early life and education[link]

Tu was born in Kunming, Yunnan Province, Mainland China. He obtained his B.A. (1961) in Chinese Studies at Tunghai University in Taiwan and earned his M.A. (1963) in Regional Studies (East Asia) and Ph.D. (1968) in History and East Asian Languages at Harvard University. Tu taught at Princeton University (1968–1971) and the University of California, Berkeley (1971–1981) and has been on the Harvard faculty since 1981. In 1988, Dr Tu was one of many asked by Life Magazine to give their impressions on "The Meaning of Life." http://www.maryellenmark.com/text/magazines/life/905W-000-037.html Tu Wei-ming is the second from the last in this interview. Tu Wei-ming's response could be one of the most accessible about New Confucianism for the layman.

Tu was a visiting professor at Peking University, Taiwan University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and the University of Paris. He holds honorary professorships from Zhejiang University, Renmin University, Zhongshan University, Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business and the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. He has been awarded honorary degrees by Lehigh University, Michigan State University at Grand Valley, and Shandong University.

Tu was appointed by Kofi Annan as a member of the United Nations' "Group of Eminent Persons" to facilitate the "Dialogue among Civilizations" in 2001. He gave a presentation on inter-civilizational dialogue to the Executive Board of UNESCO in 2004. He was also one of the eight Confucian intellectuals who were invited by the Singapore Government to develop the "Confucian Ethics" school curriculum.

Personal[link]

Tu has two sons and two daughters: Eugene, Yalun, Marianna, and Rosa. He was featured in A Confucian Life in America (Films for the Humanities and Sciences).

Publications[link]

Tu has written more than 30 books in Chinese and in English, including:

• Tu, Weiming. (1976). Neo-Confucian thought in action: Wang Yang-Ming's youth. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (1978). Humanity and self-cultivation: Essays in Confucian thought. Boston, MA: Asian Humanities Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (1984). Confucian ethics today: The Singapore challenge. Singapore: Federal Publications.
• Tu, Weiming. (1985). Confucian thought: Selfhood as creative transformation. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (1989). Centrality and commonality: An essay on Confucian religiousness. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (1989). Confucianism in historical perspective. Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies.
• Tu, Weiming. (1993). Way, learning, and politics: Essays on the Confucian intellectual. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (Ed.). (1994). China in transformation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (Ed.). (1994). The living tree: The changing meaning of being Chinese today. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Tu, Weiming. (Ed.). (1996). Confucian traditions in East Asian modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Tu, Weiming, & Tucker, Mary Evelyn. (Eds.). (2003/2004). Confucian spirituality (Vols. 1-2). New York: Crossroad.
• De Barry, William Theodore, & Tu, Weiming. (Eds.). (1998). Confucianism and human rights. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Liu, James T. C., & Tu, Weiming. (Eds.). (1970). Traditional China. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Yao, Xinzhong, & Tu, Weiming. (Eds.). (2010). Confucian studies (Vols. 1-4). London: Routledge.

External links[link]

• Tu Weiming's official website
• Asian Values and the Asian Crisis: A Confucian Humanist Perspective
• Beyond the Enlightenment Mentality: The Humanistic Spirit in the 21st Century
• Global Ethics in the Age of Cultural Diversity
• The Confucian World
• The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World
• The Global Significance of Local Knowledge: A New Perspective on Confucian Humanism
• Toward a Dialogical Civilization: Identity, Difference and Harmony