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The Buddha identified the threefold training (sikkhā)^[1] as training in:

• higher virtue (adhisīla-sikkhā)
• higher mind (adhicitta-sikkhā)
• higher wisdom (adhipaññā-sikkhā)

In the Pali Canon[link]

According to Theravada canonical texts, pursuing this training leads to the abandonment of lust, hatred and delusion.^[2] One who is fully accomplished in this training attains Nibbana.^[3]

In the Anguttara Nikaya, training in "higher virtue" includes following the Patimokkha, training in "higher mind" (sometimes simply referred to as "concentration") includes entering and dwelling in the four jhanas, and training in "higher wisdom" includes directly perceiving the Four Noble Truths.

In several canonical discourses, a more "gradual" instruction (anupubbikathā) is provided to receptive lay people (see also, gradual training). This latter instruction culminates in the teaching of the Four Noble Truths which in itself concludes with the Noble Eightfold Path, the constituents of which can be mapped to this threefold training (see below).

Similarity to threefold partition of the Noble Eightfold Path[link]

The Buddha's threefold training is similar to the threefold grouping of the Noble Eightfold Path articulated by Bhikkhuni Dhammadinna in Culavedalla Sutta ("The Shorter Set of Questions-And-Answers Discourse," MN 44): virtue (sīlakkhandha), concentration (samādhikkhandha), wisdom (paññākkhandha ).^[4] These three-part schemes simplify and organize the Eightfold Path as follows:

See also[link]

Notes[link]

1. ^ See the Anguttara Nikaya Book of Threes' (Tikanipata) Monks chapter (Samanavagga). This chapter's suttas are alternately identified as AN 3:82 to 3:92. Of these suttas, the two most widely translated into English are AN 3:88 and 3:89, respectively referred to as "Sikkha (1)" and "Sikkha (2)" by Thanissaro Bhikkhu, and as "Dutiyasikkhasuttam" and "Tatiyasikkhasuttam" in the Sinhalese canon. English translations of these latter two suttas can be found in: Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), pp. 69-71; Thanissaro (1998a); and, Thanissaro (1998b). Also see, e.g., DN 16.4.3 (PTS D ii.123) (boldface added for emphasis):

   "Sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, vimutti ca anuttarā; Anubuddhā ime dhammā, gotamena yasassinā. Iti buddho abhiññāya, dhammamakkhāsi bhikkhunaṃ; Dukkhassantakaro satthā, cakkhumā parinibbuto"ti.

   Translated by Vajira & Story (1998) (boldface added for emphasis) as:

   "Virtue, concentration, wisdom, and emancipation unsurpassed — These are the principles realized by Gotama the renowned; And, knowing them, he, the Buddha, to his monks has taught the Dhamma. He, the destroyer of suffering, the Master, the Seer, is at peace."

2. ^ See AN 3:88 (Thanissaro, 1998a).
3. ^ See AN 3.89 (Thanissaro, 1998b).
4. ^ Thanissaro (1998c).

Source[link]

• Nyanaponika Thera and Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans. and ed.) (1999). Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from the Anguttara Nikaya. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. ISBN 0-7425-0405-0.
• Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998a). AN 3.88: Sikkha Sutta - Trainings (1). Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.088.than.html.
• Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998b). AN 3.89: Sikkha Sutta - Trainings (2). Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.089.than.html.
• Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998c). MN 44: Culavedalla Sutta: The Shorter Set of Questions-and-Answers. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.044.than.html.

External links[link]

• English translation and romanized Pali transliteration of the Anguttara Nikaya's Book of Threes' Monk (samana^{[disambiguation needed ]}) chapter, including AN 3:82 to 3:92 (metta.lk)
• "Threefold Training", talk by Mahasi Sayadaw.

Tenshin Reb Anderson Tenshin Reb Anderson
School	Soto Zen
Lineage	Shunryu Suzuki
Other name(s)	Reb
Dharma name(s)	Tenshin Zenki
Personal
Nationality	American
Born	c. 1943 Mississippi
Senior posting
Based in	San Francisco Zen Center Green Gulch Farm Zen Center
Title	Roshi
Predecessor	Zentatsu Richard Baker
Successor	Ananda Claude Dalenburg, Zengyu Paul Discoe, Sobun Katherine Thanas, Chikudo Jerome Petersen, Jiko Linda Cutts, Jakujo Gary McNabb, Furyu Nancy Schroeder, Myo Lahey, Taigen Dan Leighton, Meiya Wender, Leslie James, Setsuan Gaelyn Godwin, Kiku Christina Lehnherr, Taiyo Lipscomb, Kokyo Henkel
Religious career
Website	www.rebanderson.org

Tenshin Zenki Reb Anderson (born 1943), is a Zen teacher and lineage holder in the Sōtō Zen tradition of Shunryu Suzuki. He is a Senior Dharma teacher at the San Francisco Zen Center and at Green Gulch Farm Zen Center in Marin County, California, where he lives. According to author James Ishmael Ford, "Reb Anderson is one of the most prominent of contemporary Western Zen teachers."^[1]

Biography[link]

Memorial for Anderson's teacher Shunryu Suzuki at Green Gulch Farm Zen Center

Reb Anderson was born as Harold Anderson^[2] in Mississippi in 1943 and grew up in Minnesota. His father left the family when Anderson was eleven.^[3] In his youth, he was a Golden Gloves boxer.^[4] Anderson developed an interest in Buddhism while still in his teens.^[1] In 1967, he abandoned his graduate studies in psychology and mathematics to study Soto Zen under Shunryu Suzuki at the San Francisco Zen Center.

Anderson was then ordained as a priest in 1970 by Suzuki, who gave Anderson the Buddhist name Tenshin Zenki 天眞全機 (Naturally Real, the Whole Works).^[5] In 1983 Anderson received shiho from Zentatsu Richard Baker, becoming Baker's first Dharma heir. However, when Baker was forced to resign amid complaints about his affairs with female Zen Center members and his purchase of expensive luxury goods, Baker claimed Anderson never completed the entire transmission ceremony. The board of the San Francisco Zen Center disagreed, understanding Anderson to be Baker's Dharma heir (Baker has since agreed.)^[1] After Baker's resignation, Anderson replaced him as abbot.

In a controversial incident, while jogging in Golden Gate Park in 1983, Anderson found the corpse of a man with a bullet wound to the head and a revolver nearby. Anderson returned to the body over a period of several days to meditate over the corpse, on one visit taking the revolver.^[6] In 1985, Anderson was mugged one block away from the San Francisco Zen Center. He retrieved the unloaded revolver and chased the perpetrator to a nearby tenement, where both were quickly arrested.^[6] The incident received local and national media coverage. The affair has at times impacted Anderson's reputation as a teacher.

The Zen Center Board of Directors sent him on a leave of absence for six months. When he returned, he served as co-abbot with Mel Weitsman from 1986-1995. Regarding this ordeal, Anderson has written of his remorse and insight garnered from the experience.^[6]

In October 1999 Anderson suffered a heart attack while conducting dokusan. He later underwent a successful emergency angioplasty.^[7]

Teaching style[link]

According to James Ishmael Ford, "...Anderson Roshi is one of the first people to have worked hard to bring Dogen studies West. He has also stretched much of Zen's traditional approach to psychology by drawing upon other ancient Buddhist sources, including Abhidharma and Yogachara teaching, while at the same time being solidly informed regarding Western approaches to the discipline."^[1] To some students, "...Reb's practice invites comparison to the legendary Japanese samurai, the warriors who trained in medieval Zen monasteries."^[4]

Dharma heirs[link]

Sobun Katherine Thanas received shiho from Tenshin Roshi in 1988 and later was installed as abbess of the Santa Cruz Zen Center. Zengyu Paul Discoe and Ananda Claude Dalenburg also received shiho in 1988 (Ananda was the inspiration for the character Bud Diefendorf in Jack Kerouac's novel The Dharma Bums). Anderson gave shiho to his student Jiko Linda Cutts in 1996, who went on to serve as co-abbess of the San Francisco Zen Center from 2000 until 2007.^[8] Furyu Nancy Schroeder received shiho 1999, as did Myo Denis Lahey, now head teacher of the Hartford Street Zen Center, Issan-ji, in San Francisco. In 2000 Taigen Dan Leighton received shiho. Leighton has since gone on to establish the Mountain Source Sangha^[9] and after moving to Chicago, Ancient Dragon Zen Gate.^[10] In 2002 Meiya Wender received shiho. She now conducts japanese tea ceremony classes at Green Gulch.^[11] In 2003 Gaelyn Godwin became Tenshin Roshi's Dharma successor in the U.S. and became Houston Zen Center's Abiding Teacher. In 2005, she received the title of 'Kaikyoshi' from the Soto School of Japan (as had Leighton previously). In 2005 Kiku Christina Lehnherr received shiho from Tenshin Roshi. Taiyo Lipscomb received shiho in 2009, and in 2010, Kōkyō Henkel received shiho. He is currently Head Teacher at Santa Cruz Zen Center.

Bibliography[link]

• Anderson, Reb (2012). The Third Turning of the Wheel: Wisdom of the Samdhinirmocana Sutra. Rodmell Press. ISBN 193048531X. http://www.worldcat.org/title/third-turning-of-the-wheel-wisdom-of-the-samdhinirmocana-sutra/oclc/757477313&referer=brief_results. 
• Anderson, Reb; Moon, Susan Ichi Su (2005). Warm Smiles from Cold Mountains: Dharma Talks on Zen Meditation. Rodmell Press. ISBN 1-930485-10-7. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41293740&referer=brief_results. 
• Anderson, Reb (2001). Being Upright: Zen Meditation and the Bodhisattva Precepts. Rodmell Press. ISBN 0-9627138-9-9. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44414111&referer=brief_results. 

Audio[link]

• Anderson, Reb (1993). Basic Points of Buddhist Meditation. Big Sur Tapes. OCLC 30066463. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30066463&referer=brief_results. 
• Official site for free dharma talks by Reb Anderson

See also[link]

• Buddhism in the United States
• Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States

References[link]