A military academy or service academy (in American English) is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the army, the navy, air force or coast guard, which normally provides education in a service environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.
Three types of academy exists: high school-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's degree level qualification, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.
Argentine Army
Argentine Navy
Argentine Air Force
Has several military academies:
- Army - The biggest Academy is Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras (AMAN) in the municipality of Resende, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in the southeast of that country. For high school level, The Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil (SCMB) is composed for 12 military schools in Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Campo Grande, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Juiz de Fora (MG), Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Santa Maria (RS)
- Navy - Escola Naval (Navy School).
- Air Force - Academia da Força Aérea (AFA). (Air Force Academy).
Canada currently has one military-theme private boarding school open for students at the pre-university level, Robert Land Academy (RLA), which is located in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute whose funding arises solely from tuition fees. The Academy is an institute fully accredited by the province of Ontario, which accepts students from Grade 6 to Grade 12 (the Ontario Academic Credit level).
Canada formerly had three university level service academies, the Canadian Military Colleges. These included the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, Royal Roads Military College (RRMC) in Victoria, British Columbia and the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean (CMR) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec. RMC was founded in 1876, RRMC in 1941 and CMR in 1954.[1] By the 60s all three institutions were providing *military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; and RMC received the authority to grant academic degrees in Arts, Science and Engineering.[2]
Graduates of the Colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education.[3] In the modern era, emphasis was placed on a broad based, liberal education including core courses in the humanities, social, pure and applied sciences. Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience.[4] In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close Royal Roads Military College and Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but Royal Military College of Canada continues to carry the proud tradition educating Canada's future leaders into the twenty-first century.[5] Royal Roads reopened as a civilian university in the fall of 1995, and is maintained by the Government of British Columbia. In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean as a preparatory and first year college.
National Army of Colombia:
Colombian Air Force:
Colombian Naval Infantry:
National Police of Colombia:
Univerzita Obrany (University of Defence)
http://www.unob.cz/en/
High schools :
Officer academies :
Postgraduate academies :
- École d'état-major (Staff school) : first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.
- École de Guerre (War School) : second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).
- Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College) : second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.
- Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)
- Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).
- Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies) : final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilian institut des hautes études de défense nationale.
The Ecole Polytechnique, though its engineering students are enlisted in the military, is sometimes not considered a military academy, as very few of its graduates remain in the military after graduation.
In Germany there exists a system which clearly differs from the common ones. The only true military academies are in fact the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr where mainly future staff officers and general staff officers are further trained.
The standard education in military leadership is the task of the Offizierschulen (officer's schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. In the army all officers are at least trained to lead a platoon. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.
Moreover there exist so called Waffenschulen like infantry school or artillery school. There the officer's learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps. A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs two own Universities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a Bachelor's or Master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissioned Leutnant (second-lieutenant).
The three officer's schools are:
Academic and staff education:
The Hellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:
- "Miklós ZRÍNYI" National Defence University, located in Budapest [2]
Akademi Angkatan Bersenjata Republic Indonesia (Indonesia Military Academy)[3] Founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945 in order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Lieutenant General Urip Sumohardjo with name Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta. Currently, Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under supervision of Commandant General of National Armed Forces Academy (a three-star officer in billet) in the HQ Indonesian National Armed Forces, divided the academies into the respective services:
Indonesian Army
Indonesian Air Force
- Akademi Angkatan Udara - AAU (Air Force Academy), located in Yogyakarta, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, under supervision of Indonesian Air Force Chief of Staff. Following graduation, students who are selected as Pilot and Navigator conduct further training in the Pilot/Navigator Flight School prior bearing the Pilot/Navigator designation.
Indonesian Navy
Each service academy is headed by two-star officer and his/her deputy is one-star officer. All the students (cadets/midshipman) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all of Indonesia. Shortly after graduated, the are commissioned as Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) in their respective services and get the Diploma IV (Associate's Degree, 4th Grade) comparable to civil academies or universities. The length term is now 4 (four) years and is divided into 5 (five) grades of cadet's rank; starting from the lowest:
- Prajurit Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)
- Kopral Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)
- Sersan Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd year
- Sersan Mayor Dua Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd year
- Sersan Mayor Satu Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th year
Note: Taruna, Kadet and Karbol are official cadet designation in the Army (Military), Naval and Air Force academy, respectively.
Until 1999, before Indonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, Indonesian Police Academy also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy. Presently, the Police Academy, located in Semarang (Central Java), is supervised under Chief of Indonesian National Police.
High School level institutions (only for Classical and Scientific Liceum, starting from grade 10):
The 2009-2010 Schoolyear has been the first one with girls attending those schools.
University level institutions:
The three main military academies:
Other military academies:
Secondary level institutions:
University Level of Education
Specialist Training & Staff institutions:
Reserve Officer Training Units (Malay: Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan or PALAPES) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service as Commissioned Officers in the reserve components of the various branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
Tier One - Initial Officer Training
Tier Two - Junior Officer Education
Tier Three - Senior Officer Education
High school training:
Undergraduate officer training:
Postgraduate officer training:
Undergraduate officer training
Postgraduate training
The Pakistan Military Academy is the sole supplier of officers to the Pakistan Army while the Pakistan Air Force Academy supplies officers and fighter pilots to the Pakistan Air Force. The officers for the Pakistan Navy are supplied by the Pakistan Naval Academy.
Centro de Enseñanza Superior Dr. Justo Arosemena
http://www.policia.gob.pa/direcciones/dnrrhh/ces.html
Undergraduate officer training
The Philippines patterned all its military academies after the United States Military Academy (WEST POINT) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy.
These colleges are operated by the Philippine Government which serves 4 years of different baccalaureate degrees:
- Philippine Military Academy, City of Baguio - It is a primary training school for regular commissioning as officers of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy, Philippine Marine Corps and the Philippine Air Force, and it is under the control of the Department of National Defense. It was formerly named as the Philippine Constabulary School but was renamed before the 30's. during the American era, U.S. Army Cavalry Officers established the school for the professionalization of the defunct Philippine Constabulary enlisted personnel. In 1992, PMA stopped producing constabulary cadets after the creation of the Republic Act 6975 which as a result the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were officially merged and renamed as The Philippine National Police. Beginning in 1993 this has become a co-educational military academy.
- Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Zambales - It is a school for midshipmen who shall serve in different private shipping companies, foreign or local. Its midshipmen may serve in the Philippine Coast Guard as an ensign after graduation depending upon their choice. All PMMA midshipmen are also automatically appointed by the president of the Philippines as ensigns or 2nd lieutenants in the Philippine Navy Reserve Command, and in the Philippine National Police's Maritime Group as Inspectors. This is the oldest of the Philippine military academies having been established in 1823 during the long period of Spanish rule in the country, and was first situated in Manila for so many years.
Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.
The nation's higher military colleges are:
Defunct:
High school training:
Polytechnical training:
Undergraduate officer training:
Postgraduate officer training:
No longer operational:
See also: Cadet Corps (Russia), Soviet military academies
The first stage of training:
- The Cadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in the year 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.
-
-
- Kronstadt S.C.C.
- Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics School
The second stage of training:
- Suvorov Military School are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys of 14-18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.
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-
The third stage of training:
The forth stage of training:
Sri Lanka has one defense university taking cadets from all three armed services, 3 non-university level Military Academies, one for each armed service providing basic training for officer and a Command and Staff College for senior officers of the three armed services. The General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, was established in 1980 and is named after Gen. Sri John Kotelawala the 2nd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.
- University
- Officer training
- Staff training
Military Academy Karlberg
Uganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:[6]
- Bihanga Military Training School - Located at Bihanga, in Ibanda District, Western Uganda.[7]
- Kalama Warfare Training School - Located at Kabamba, Mubende District[8][9][10]
- National Leadership Institute (NALI) - Located at Kyankwanzi, Kyankwanzi District
- Oliver Tambo School of Leadership - Located at Kaweweta, Nakaseke District[11][12]
- Uganda Air Defence and Artillery School - Located at Nakasongola in Nakasongola District
- Uganda Airforce Academy - Located at Nakasongola in Nakasongola District[13]
- University of Military Science and Technology - Located at Lugazi, Buikwe District[14]
- Uganda Junior Staff College - Located at Qaddafi Barracks, Jinja
- Uganda Military Academy - Located at Kabamba, Mubende District
- Uganda Senior Command and Staff College - Located at Kimaka, Jinja
- Uganda Urban Warfare Training School - Located at Singo, Kiboga District[15]
Pre-University level institution:
- Welbeck College - Sixth form college for 16 to 18 year olds providing A-Level education in preparation for entry into the British Armed Forces or Ministry of Defence Civil Service as Technical Officers, following undergraduate education.
Officer training
Postgraduate and staff training
-
No longer operational:
Paralleling the way the School Cadet forces work at a pre-university level, at the university level there are the University Royal Naval Units, University Officer Training Corps (UOTC) and University Air Squadrons. However the mission of the UOTC is not the training of officers.[16]
In the United States, unlike most other countries, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean an institution run by the armed forces to train its own military officers; it may also mean a middle school, high school or tertiary-level college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition.
Many public high schools offer Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs sponsored by the United States Armed Forces.
- The term military school primarily refers to pre-collegiate (middle and high school) institutions. Military schools were once far more common than they are today. See the extensive list of defunct military academies.
- The term military academy commonly refers to a pre-collegiate, collegiate, and post-collegiate institution, yet graduate institutions catering to officers already in service are often considered separately and termed staff colleges and Graduate Schools.
Military academies can be either private or have government sponsorship from a regional, (state), or national government.
The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government are referred to as the Federal Service Academies and are:
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado
- United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
- United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York
- United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
There is a State-sponsored Military Academy which is:
In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body:
- North Georgia College and State University, Dahlonega, Georgia (chartered as a military college, but has had a corps and a civilian student body from its inception)
- Norwich University Corps of Cadets. Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont
- Texas A&M Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
Along with the Virginia Military Institute, these institutions are known as the Senior Military Colleges of the US.
Today six institutions are considered Military Junior Colleges (JMC). These six schools participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The five Military Junior Colleges are:
- Georgia Military College, Milledgeville, Georgia
- Marion Military Institute, Marion, Alabama
- New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New Mexico
- Valley Forge Military Academy and College, Wayne, Pennsylvania
- Wentworth Military Academy and College, Lexington, Missouri
The Gray Military Academy in West Columbia, South Carolina is the sixth and youngest JMC in the U.S.
Six state Merchant Marine academies, Massachusetts Maritime Academy, Maine Maritime Academy, SUNY Maritime College, Texas Maritime Academy, Great Lakes Maritime Academy, and California Maritime Academy, operate on a military college system. Part of the training cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets are required to apply for Naval Reserve, Coast Guard or Marine Corps commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses and must accept the commission if it is offered.
The United States staff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:
A military school teaches various ages (middle school, high school, or both) in a manner that includes military traditions and training in military subjects. The vast majority are in the United States and Russia. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run by either a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools), or by a state.
A common misconception results because some states have chosen to house their child criminal populations in higher-security boarding schools that are run in a manner similar to military boarding schools. These are also called reform schools, and are functionally a combination of school and prison. They attempt to emulate the high standards of established military boarding schools in the hope that a strict structured environment can reform these children. This may or may not be true. However, this should not reflect on the long and distinguished history of military schools; their associations are traditionally those of high academic achievement, with solid college preparatory curricula, schooling in the military arts, and considerably esteemed graduates.
Popular culture sometimes shows parents sending or threatening to send unruly children off to military school (or boarding school) to teach them good behavior (e.g., in the "Army of One" episode of The Sopranos, Tony and Carmela Soprano consider sending their son, AJ, to the Hudson Military Institute after AJ is expelled from high school but relent when AJ collapses from a panic attack).
A college level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.
Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the U.S., graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (nowadays undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.
There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.
- Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
- State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.
www.militaryacademyprep.com
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