Trientalis latifolia (Broadleaf Starflower) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the ground layer of forests in western North America.

A herbaceous plant (in botanical use simply herb) is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground.^[1] Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials.^[2]

Annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed.^[3]

Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and die). New growth develops from living tissues remaining on or under the ground, including roots, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants which have stems above ground that remain alive during the dormant season and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts – these include trees, shrubs and vines.

Some relatively fast-growing herbaceous plants (especially annuals) are pioneers, or early-successional species. Others form the main vegetation of many stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of forests, or in naturally open habitats such as meadow, salt marsh or desert.

Some herbaceous plants can grow rather large, such as the Musa genus, to which the banana belongs.

The age of some herbaceous perennial plants can be determined by analyzing annual growth rings in the secondary root xylem, a method called herbchronology.

See also[link]

• Forb
• Graminoid
• Herb
• Herbchronology

References[link]

This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

Dave Holland
Background information
Born	(1946-10-01) October 1, 1946 (age 65) Wolverhampton, Staffordshire England United Kingdom
Genres	Jazz, avant-garde, jazz fusion
Occupations	Musician, composer, bandleader
Instruments	Double bass, bass guitar, cello, ukulele
Years active	1967–present
Labels	Dare2
Associated acts	Miles Davis, Chick Corea, Circle, Anthony Braxton, Kenny Wheeler, Gateway, Chris Potter
Website	Dave Holland.com

Dave Holland (born October 1, 1946) is an English jazz double bassist, composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades. He has lived in the United States for 40 years.^[1]

His work ranges from pieces for solo performance to big band. Holland runs his own independent record label, Dare2, which he launched in 2005. He has explained his musical philosophy by quoting fellow jazz artist Sam Rivers. "Sam said, ‘Don’t leave anything out — play all of it,’ ”

Holland has played with some of the greatest names in jazz, and has participated in several classic recording sessions.

Biography[link]

Born in Wolverhampton, England, Holland taught himself how to play stringed instruments, beginning at four on the ukulele, then graduating to guitar and later bass guitar. He quit school at the age of 15 to pursue his profession in a top 40 band, but soon gravitated to jazz. After seeing an issue of Down Beat where Ray Brown had won the critics' poll for best bass player, Holland went to a record store, and bought a couple of LPs featuring Brown backing pianist Oscar Peterson. He also bought two Leroy Vinnegar albums (Leroy Walks! and Leroy Walks Again) because the bassist was posed with his instrument on the cover. Within a week, Holland traded in his bass guitar for an acoustic bass and began practicing with the records. In addition to Brown and Vinnegar, Holland was drawn to the bassists Charles Mingus and Jimmy Garrison.

After moving to London in 1964, Holland played acoustic bass in small venues and studied with James Edward Merrett, principal bassist of the Philharmonia Orchestra and, later, the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Merrett trained him to sight read and then recommended he apply to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Holland received a fulltime scholarship for the three-year program. At 20, Holland was keeping a busy schedule in school, studios and Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, London’s premier jazz club, where he often played in bands that supported such touring American jazz saxophonists as Coleman Hawkins, Ben Webster and Joe Henderson. He also linked up with other British jazz musicians, including guitarist John McLaughlin, saxophonist Evan Parker, reedsman John Surman, South Africa-born London-based pianist Chris McGregor, and drummer John Stevens, and performed on the Spontaneous Music Ensemble's classic 1968 album Karyobin. He also began a working relationship with Canada-born, England-based trumpeter Kenny Wheeler that continues today.

With Miles Davis[link]

In 1968, Miles Davis and Philly Joe Jones heard him at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club, playing in a combo that opened for the Bill Evans Trio. Jones told Holland that Davis wanted him to join his band (replacing Ron Carter). Davis left the UK before Holland could contact him directly, and two weeks later Holland was given three days' notice to fly to New York for an engagement at Count Basie's nightclub. He arrived the night before, staying with Jack DeJohnette, a previous acquaintance. The following day Herbie Hancock took him to the club, and his two years with Davis began. This was also Hancock's last gig as Davis's pianist, as he left afterwards for a honeymoon in Brazil and was replaced by Chick Corea when he couldn't return for an engagement due to illness. Holland's first recordings with Davis were in September 1968, and he appears on half of the album Filles de Kilimanjaro (with Davis, Corea, Wayne Shorter and Tony Williams).

Holland was a member of Davis's rhythm section through the summer of 1970; he appears on the albums In a Silent Way and Bitches' Brew. All three of his studio recordings with Davis were important in the evolution of jazz fusion.^{[citation needed]} In the first year of his tenure with Davis, Holland played primarily upright bass. By the end of 1969, he played electric bass guitar (often treated with wah-wah pedal and other electronic effects) with greater frequency as Davis's music became increasingly electronic, amp-based and funky.

Holland was also a member of Davis's working group during this time, unlike many of the musicians who would appear only on the trumpeter's studio recordings. The so-called "lost quintet" of Davis, Shorter, Corea, Holland and Jack DeJohnette was active in 1969 but never made any studio recordings as a quintet. A 1970 live recording of this group plus percussionist Airto Moreira, Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time, was issued in 2001. Steve Grossman replaced Shorter in early 1970; Keith Jarrett joined the group as a second keyboardist thereafter, and Gary Bartz replaced Grossman during the summer of 1970. By the end of the summer, rhythm and blues bass guitarist Michael Henderson would replace Holland.

Post-Davis and the 1970s[link]

After leaving Davis's group, Holland briefly joined the avant-garde jazz group Circle with Chick Corea, Barry Altschul and Anthony Braxton. This started a 34-year association with the ECM record label. After recording a few albums, Circle disbanded when Corea departed. 1972 saw the recording of Conference of the Birds, with Rivers, Altschul and Braxton – Holland's first recording as a leader, and the beginning of a long musical relationship with Rivers. The title of the album is taken from that of a 4,500 line epic poem by Persian Sufist writer, Farid al-Din Attar.

Holland worked as a leader and as a sideman with many other jazz artists in the 1970s. He worked with reed player Anthony Braxton, appearing on several important studio and live recordings from 1972 to 1976. Holland recorded several important albums with Braxton – including "New York, Fall 1974" (1974) and "Five Pieces (1975)" – that were released on Arista Records. His performances with Braxton also were documented on live recordings such as "Quartet (Dortmund)" (1976) and "Town Hall 1972" (1972), originally released on the Swiss Hat Hut label.^[2] Holland also recorded duo sessions with saxophonist Rivers and fellow bassist Barre Phillips, and the solo bass album Emerald Tears. Also in the 1970s he appeared with performers including Stan Getz and the Gateway Trio with John Abercrombie and DeJohnette. The Gateway trio released two influential modern jazz albums in 1975 and 1977, and reformed in 1994 for a recording session which yielded another two albums. As a sideman, he appeared on rock and pop recordings as well, working with singer Bonnie Raitt on her 1972 album Give It Up.

The 1980s[link]

Holland formed his first working quintet in 1983, and over the next four years released Jumpin’ In, Seeds of Time, and Razor’s Edge, featuring alto saxophonist Steve Coleman, trumpeter Wheeler and trombonist Julian Priester. Subsequently, he formed the Dave Holland Trio (with Coleman and DeJohnette) for the 1988 album Triplicate, and teamed with Coleman, electric guitarist Kevin Eubanks and drummer Marvin “Smitty” Smith for Extensions. He also recorded Life Cycle, an album of compositions played on solo cello.

The bassist also continued to collaborate with his peers, often connecting with legendary figures from the previous generation of jazz icons. In 1989, Holland teamed with drummer Billy Higgins and pianist Hank Jones to record The Oracle, and joined drummer Roy Haynes and guitarist Pat Metheny in 1989 to record Question and Answer (album).

The 1990s and 2000s[link]

During the ‘90s, he renewed an affiliation, begun in the 1970s, with Joe Henderson, joining the tenor saxophonist on So Near (So Far), a tribute to Miles Davis, Porgy & Bess, and Joe Henderson Big Band. Holland also reunited with vocalist Betty Carter, touring and recording the live album Feed the Fire (1993). Fellow Davis alumnus Herbie Hancock invited Holland to tour with him in 1992, subsequently recording The New Standard. Holland joined Hancock’s band again in 1996. (More recently, he was part of the sessions for River: The Joni Letters, winner of the 2008 Grammy for Album of the Year.)

As a leader, Holland formed his third quartet – and released Dream of the Elders (1995), which introduced the vibraphonist Steve Nelson to his ensembles. Holland also formed his current quintet, which includes tenor saxophonist Chris Potter, trombonist Robin Eubanks and, a more recent addition, drummer Nate Smith. Their recordings to date are Points of View, Not for Nothin, Prime Directive, Extended Play: Live at Birdland and Critical Mass. In addition to releasing four quintet albums on ECM, Holland debuted his Big Band, which released What Goes Around in 2002. The album won Holland his first Grammy award as a leader, in the Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album category. The second Big Band recording, Overtime (2005), was released on Holland's own Dare2 record label and again won the Grammy in the Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album category.

Holland’s work with the group won wide public recognition that year. He won Downbeat's Critics Poll for Musician of the Year, Big Band of the Year, and Acoustic Bassist of the Year (he also garnered top bassist in the 2006 poll). The Jazz Journalist’s Association also honored him as Musician and Acoustic Bassist of the Year. He was the recipient of the prestigious Miles Davis Award at the Montreal Jazz Festival. Also in 2005, Holland formed Dare2 Records, an independent record label that allowed him to have more control over his recordings. Besides Overtime, the label has released the quintet recording Critical Mass (2006) and the sextet recording Pass It On (2008). Pathways, the debut recording of Holland’s octet, was released on March 23, 2010. On October 5, 2010, Holland released Hands, a studio album featuring flamenco guitarist Pepe Habichuela.

In 2009, Holland was a co-founder of an all-star group called The Overtone Quartet. The group consisted of Holland on bass, Chris Potter on tenor saxophone, Jason Moran on piano, and Eric Harland on drums. The group toured extensively throughout the United States and Europe.

Off the bandstand, Holland has received honorary doctorates from the New England Conservatory (Boston), where he held a fulltime teaching position in 1987–88 and where he has been visiting artist in residence since 2005; Berklee College of Music (Boston); and Birmingham Conservatoire (Birmingham, England). He was also named Fellow of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama (London). From 1982-'89, Holland served as the artistic director of the Banff Summer Jazz Workshop through the Banff School of Fine Arts in Alberta, Canada. In addition, he has taught workshops and master classes around the world at universities and music schools and is President of the UK based National Youth Jazz Collective.

Holland currently resides in upstate New York.

Discography[link]

As leader[link]

• 1971 - Music from Two Basses (with Barre Phillips) - ECM
• 1972 - Conference of the Birds - ECM
• 1976 - Dave Holland / Sam Rivers - Improvising Artists
• 1976 - Sam Rivers / Dave Holland Vol. 2 - Improvising Artists
• 1977 - Emerald Tears (double bass solo) - ECM
• 1982 - Life Cycle (cello solo) - ECM
• 1983 - Jumpin' In - ECM
• 1984 - Seeds of Time - ECM
• 1987 - The Razor's Edge - ECM
• 1988 - Triplicate - ECM
• 1990 - Extensions - ECM
• 1993 - Ones All - Intuition
• 1995 - Dream of the Elders - ECM
• 1998 - Points of View - ECM
• 1999 - Prime Directive - ECM
• 2001 - Not for Nothin' - ECM
• 2002 - What Goes Around (with Big Band) - ECM
• 2003 - Extended Play: Live at Birdland - ECM
• 2005 - Overtime - Dare2
• 2006 - Critical Mass - Dare2
• 2007 - Live at the 2007 Monterey Jazz Festival
• 2008 - Pass It On - Dare2
• 2010 - Pathways - Dare2
• 2010 - Hands (with Pepe Habichuela) - Dare2

With Gateway

• Gateway (ECM, 1975)
• Gateway 2 (ECM, 1977)
• Homecoming (ECM, 1994)
• In the Moment (ECM, 1994)

With Scolohofo

• Oh! (Blue Note, 2003)

Compilation:

• Rarum, Vol. 10: Selected Recordings (ECM, 2004)

As sideman[link]

With Claudia Acuna

• Rhythm of Life (Verve, 2002)

With Norman Blake, Tut Taylor, Sam Bush, Butch Robins, Vassar Clements and Jethro Burns

• Norman Blake/Tut Taylor/Sam Bush/Butch Robins/Vassar Clements/David Holland/Jethro Burns (Flying Fish, 1976)

With George Adams

• Sound Suggestions (ECM, 1979)

With Anouar Brahem

• Thimar (ECM, 1997)

With Anthony Braxton

• Town Hall 1972 (Trio, 1972)
• New York, Fall 1974 (Arista, 1974)
• Five Pieces 1975 (Arista, 1975)
• Creative Orchestra Music 1976 (Arista, 1976)
• Dortmund (Quartet) 1976 (hatART, 1976 [1991])
• The Montreux/Berlin Concerts (Arista, 1975-6)

With Michael Brecker

• Tales from the Hudson (Impulse!, 1996)

With Betty Carter

• Feed the Fire (Verve, 1993)

With Steve Coleman

• Rhythm People (Novus/RCA, 1990)
• Phase Space (Rebel-X/DIW, 1991) Duo recording
• Black Science (Novus/BMG, 1991)
• Rhythm in Mind (Novus/BMG, 1991)

With Chick Corea

• Is (Groove Merchant, 1969)
• Sundance (Groove Merchant, 1969)
• The Song of Singing (Blue Note, 1970)
• A.R.C. (ECM, 1971)

With Circle

• Circling In (1970)
• Circulus (1970)
• Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert (1970)
• Paris Concert (1971)
• Circle 2: Gathering (1971)

With Miles Davis

• Filles de Kilimanjaro (1968)
• In a Silent Way (1969)
• 1969 Miles - Festival de Juan Pins (1969)
• Bitches Brew (1969)
• Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time (1970)
• Miles Davis at Fillmore: Live at the Fillmore East (1970)
• Black Beauty: Live at the Fillmore West (1970)
• Live-Evil (1970)
• Big Fun (1969–1972)

With Bill Frisell

• With Dave Holland and Elvin Jones (Nonesuch, 2001)

With Laszlo Gardony

• The Legend of Tsumi (Antilles, 1989)

With Herbie Hancock

• River: The Joni Letters (Verve, 2006)

With Billy Hart

• Oshumare (Gramavision, 1985)

With John Hartford

• Morning Bugle (Warner Bros., 1972)
• Vassar Clements, John Hartford, Dave Holland (Rounder, 1988)

With Joe Henderson

• So Near, So Far (Musings for Miles) (1993)

With Lee Konitz

• Satori (1974)

With Joe Lovano

• Trio Fascination: Edition One (Blue Note, 1997)

With Pat Metheny (and Roy Haynes

• Question and Answer (Geffen, 1990)

With Sam Rivers

• Sizzle (Impulse!, 1975)
• Waves (Tomato, 1978)
• Contrasts (ECM, 1981)

With Tomasz Stańko

• Balladyna (ECM, 1976)

With Collin Walcott

• Cloud Dance (ECM, 1975)

With Kenny Wheeler

• Gnu High (ECM, 1975)
• Deer Wan (ECM, 1977)
• Double, Double You (ECM, 1984)
• Flutter By, Butterfly (Soul Note, 1988)
• Music for Large & Small Ensembles (ECM, 1990)
• The Widow in the Window (ECM, 1990)
• Angel Song (ECM, 1997)
• What Now? (CAM Jazz, 2005)

Filmography[link]

As a leader[link]

• 2000 - DeJohnette, Hancock, Holland and Metheny - Live in Concert
• 2005 - Dave Holland Quintet - Live in Freiburg
• 2009 - Dave Holland Quintet: Vortex
• 2009 - Dave Holland Quintet - Live from the Zelt-Musik-Festival, Freiburg 1986

As a sideman[link]

• 1992 - Renaud Le Van Kim: Miles Davis and Friends (Bravo!)
• 2001 - Mike Dibb: The Miles Davis Story (Channel 4)
• 2004 - Murray Lerner: Miles Electric - A Different Kind of Blue (Eagle Rock) - about the Isle of Wight Festival 1970

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dave Holland

• Official website
• Dave Holland on ECM's official website, with reviews
• Dave Hollands ECM recordings on trovar.com
• Audio Interview with Dave Holland
• Review of the album Critical Mass from JazzChicago.net
• Dave Holland: Jazz at the Bass Level, Oregon Music News
• Dave Holland at All About Jazz
• Discography on Discogs

American McGee
American McGee in 2004.
Born	American James McGee (1972-12-13) December 13, 1972 (age 39)
Occupation	Game designer
Known for	American McGee's Alice, Doom II, Quake
Website
www.americanmcgee.com

American James McGee (born December 13, 1972) is an American game designer.

Career[link]

McGee began his career at id Software,^[1] working on level design, music production, sound effects development, and programming in such games as Doom, Doom II, Quake, and Quake II. In 1998, he was fired^[2] from Id and joined Electronic Arts, where he worked as creative director on several projects, including American McGee's Alice (with Rogue Entertainment). After finishing Alice, McGee left EA to found his first company, The Mauretania Import Export Company.^[3]

Partnering with Enlight Software, McGee released the games Scrapland in 2004 and Bad Day L.A. in 2006. The planned American McGee's Oz, which was to be produced in conjunction with Ronin Games, was canceled over financial difficulties at Atari. American McGee's Grimm, developed by his Shanghai-based game development studio Spicy Horse for the online service GameTap, was released in twenty-three weekly episodic segments, starting in 2007.

At the 2009 D.I.C.E. Summit, Electronic Arts CEO John Riccitiello announced that a sequel to American McGee's Alice is in development for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 by American McGee's Spicy Horse studio.^[4][5] In July 2010, at the EA Showcase in San Francisco, Spicy Horse and EA announced that sequel's title, Alice: Madness Returns, released less than one year after its announcement, on June 14, 2011.

More recently, McGee's Spicy Horse expanded to include another brand, Spicy Pony, to produce digital mobile media games for the iPhone platform. Their first title, DexIQ, was released in early December 2009, and its follow-up, Crooked House, was released in March 2010 (both had iPad versions released in June 2010).

On December 17, 2010 McGee's old company The Mauretania Import Export Company was dissolved and all intellectual property was transferred to Spicy Horse.^[6]

Films[link]

McGee has written a script for his interpretation of L. Frank Baum's Oz for Jerry Bruckheimer and Disney (seemingly displaced amid pre-production of "Oz: The Great and Powerful",^[7] written by Mitchell Kapner and being directed by Sam Raimi.^[8])

The film rights to Alice were sold to Miramax and Dimension in 2004, before being passed onto 20th Century Fox and then to Universal Pictures the following year. McGee maintains credit as creator and producer of the film project.^[9]

Personal life[link]

McGee has stated his mission is "to create a unified production method for story telling across the interactive and film industries" and of himself, he says, "I want to be the next Walt Disney, only a little more wicked."

Upon inquiry about his unusual name: "My mom was a hippie. I'm not sure how else to put that... She claims a woman she knew in college, who named her daughter 'America', inspired the name. She also tells me that she was thinking of naming me 'Obnard'. She was and always has been a very eccentric and creative person."^[10]

In 2005, McGee left the United States and resided first in the city of Hong Kong, then on Lamma Island, and currently settling in Shanghai.^[11] Once in China, he created Spicy Horse, now the largest independent game development house in the nation,^{[citation needed]} and helped found Blade (formerly Vykarian), a game outsourcing company. They produced American McGee's Grimm for GameTap (now owned by Metaboli) and worked on the sequel to his original Alice game, Alice: Madness Returns.

Games[link]

• 1994 - Wolfenstein 3D, Tester (Atari Corporation)
• 1994 - Doom II: Hell on Earth, Level Designer (id Software)
• 1994 - Doom, Level Designer (Sega)
• 1995 - The Ultimate Doom, Level Designer (GT Interactive Software)
• 1995 - Doom, Tester (WMS Industries)
• 1996 - Quake, Level Designer, Sound Designer, Tools Programmer (id Software)
• 1996 - H!Zone, Co-Producer (WizardWorks Software)
• 1996 - Hexen: Beyond Heretic, Co-Producer (GT Interactive Software)
• 1996 - Final Doom, Level Designer (id Software and Atari, Inc.)
• 1997 - Quake Mission Pack 1: Scourge of Armagon, Level Designer (id Software)
• 1997 - Quake Mission Pack 2: Dissolution of Eternity, Level Designer (id Software)
• 1997 - Quake II, Level Designer, Sound Designer, Tools Programmer (Activision)
• 1997 - Doom 64, Level Designer (Midway Games)
• 1998 - Dominion: Storm Over Gift 3, Sound Designer (Eidos Interactive)
• 2000 - Timeline, Co-Designer, Co-Writer (Eidos Interactive)
• 2000 - American McGee's Alice, Creative Director, Co-Writer, Designer (Electronic Arts)
• 2004 - American McGee Presents: Scrapland, Producer (Enlight Software)
• 2006 - American McGee Presents: Bad Day L.A., Creative Director, Writer, Co-Designer (Enlight Software)
• 2008 - American McGee's Grimm, Project Leader, Creative Director, Co-Writer, Co-Designer (Turner Broadcasting System)
• 2009 - DexIQ, Project Leader, Creative Director (Spicy Horse)
• 2011 - Alice: Madness Returns, Creative Director, Co-Writer, Designer (Spicy Horse) (Electronic Arts)
• 2012 - BigHead Bash, (Spicy Horse)
• 2012 - Crazy Faeries, (Spicy Horse)
• 2012 - Akaneiro: Demon Hunters, (Spicy Horse)

See also[link]

• Alice, game-derived film
• dredg, "Same Ol' Road" music video directed by McGee^[12]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• American McGee's entry at MobyGames
• American McGee at the Internet Movie Database