A referee (right) issues a yellow card to a player during a game of association football

A referee is the person of authority, in a variety of sports, who is responsible for presiding over the game from a neutral point of view and making on the fly decisions that enforce the rules of the sport. The official tasked with this job may be known, in addition to referee, by a variety of other titles as well (often depending on the sport), including umpire, judge, arbiter, arbitrator, linesman, commissaire, timekeeper or touch judge.

Origin[link]

The term referee originated in association football.^{[citation needed]} Originally the team captains would consult with each other in order to resolve any dispute on the pitch. Eventually this role was delegated to an umpire. Each team would bring their own partisan umpire allowing the team captains to concentrate on the game. Later, the referee, a third "neutral" official was added, this referee would be "referred to" if the umpires could not resolve a dispute. The referee did not take his place on the pitch until 1891, when the umpires became linesmen (now assistant referees). Today, in many amateur football matches, each side will still supply their own partisan assistant referees (still commonly called club linesmen) to assist the neutral referee appointed by the governing football association.

Examples[link]

Australian rules football[link]

An umpire is an official in the sport of Australian rules football. Games are overseen by one to three field umpires, two boundary umpires, and two goal umpires.

Baseball and softball[link]

In baseball and softball, the umpire is the person(s) charged with officiating the game. Multiple umpires—usually two, three or four, but sometimes six for championship games—are typically assigned to a game.

Basketball[link]

In international basketball and in college basketball, the referee is the lead official in a game, and is assisted by either one or two umpires. In the National Basketball Association, the lead official is referred to by the term crew chief and the two other officials are referees. All of the officials in a basketball game are generally accepted to have the same authority as the lead official and therefore they are collectively known as the officials or sometimes, misleadingly, the referees.

Boxing[link]

In boxing a referee is the person who enforces the rules during the fight. He gives instructions to the fighters, starts and stops the count when a competitor is down, and makes the determination to stop a fight when a competitor cannot continue without endangering his health.

Cricket[link]

In cricket, the match referee is an off-field official who makes judgements concerning the reputable conduct of the game and hands out penalties for breaches of the ICC Cricket Code of Conduct. On-field decisions relevant to the play and outcome of the game itself are handled by two on-field umpires, although an off-field third umpire may help with certain decisions.

Cue sports[link]

In cue sports such as billiards and snooker matches are presided over by a referee. The referee will determine all matters of fact relating to the rules, maintain fair playing conditions, call fouls, and take other action as required by these rules. (Source: World Pool-Billiard Association)

Cycling[link]

A commissaire is an official in competitive cycling.

Fencing[link]

A fencing match is presided over by a referee.

Field hockey[link]

An umpire in field hockey is a person with the authority to make decisions on a hockey field in accordance with the laws of the game. Each match is controlled by two such umpires, where it is typical for umpires to aid one another and correct each other when necessary .

Figure skating[link]

A referee in figure skating sits in the middle of the judges panel and manages and has full control over the enitre event.The referee represents the International Skating Union at international events. Referees for international events are trained by the International Skating Union. There are two levels of referee; International Referee and ISU Referee. ISU Referees being higher than International Referees.

Floorball[link]

A floorball game is controlled by two referees with equal power.

Football (American and Canadian)[link]

An American football (or Canadian football) referee is responsible for the general supervision of the game and has the final authority on all rulings. He is assisted by up to six other officials on the field. These officials are commonly referred to as "referees" but each has a title based on position and responsibilities during the game: referee, head linesman, line judge, umpire, back judge, side judge, and field judge.

Football (association)[link]

An association football (soccer) match is presided over by a referee, whom the Laws of the Game give "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5). The referee is assisted by two assistant referees, and sometimes by a fourth official. In UEFA football they use 6 referees. one standing behind the goals post watching if the ball crosses the goal line.

Handball[link]

According to the International Handball Association, team handball games are officiated by two referees with equal authority who are in charge of each match. They are assisted by a timekeeper and a scorekeeper. (Source: International Handball Association, Rules of the Game, 1 August 2005)

Ice hockey[link]

Games of ice hockey are presided over by on-ice referees, who are generally assisted by on-ice linesmen. The combination of referees and linesman varies from league to league. A few leagues, including the NCAA, are starting to refer to linesmen as assistant referees.

Korfball[link]

In korfball, it is the referee's responsibility to control the game and its environment, to enforce the rules and to take action against misbehaviour. He is assisted by an assistant referee, who alerts the referee to out balls and fouls and may have other tasks determined by the referee, and where possible by a timekeeper and scorer.

Lacrosse[link]

A lacrosse match is presided over by an onfield head referee, two onfield referees, a chief bench official (CBO), and a bench manager. Many leagues use a two or three referee system and omit the bench officials.

Lady's Arm Wrestling[link]

Lady's Arm Wrestling contests are officiated by a referee (standing-position) or by a referee and an under-the-table umpire (sitting-position). Contests held under the auspices of the Collective of Lady Arm Wrestlers U.S.A. (CLAW-U.S.A.) are governed by the Official Rules, Edicts, and Precedents of Contests de Arm Wrestle. The referees and umpires of each member league (e.g. Charlottesville Lady Arm Wrestlers (CLAW)) are overseen by the Master Officiate (MO). Each MO is accountable to the Grand Master Orient (GMO) who may reverse any decision of a Master Officiate. Where the GMO acts in his capacity as a referee he does so under the honorific title, The Ref. The GMO and the MOs comprise the International Order of Arm-Sports Officiates which originate, interprets, and enforces the Rules, Edicts, and Precedents.

Lawn bowls[link]

A lawn bowls match is presided over by a bowls umpire or technical official. In games where single players compete, a marker is required to direct play and assist players with questions relating to the position of their bowls.

Mixed martial arts[link]

Rules in mixed martial arts (MMA) bouts are enforced by a referee who can give warnings and disqualifications should the rules be broken. The referee is also in charge of stopping fights when a fighter "cannot intelligently defend himself" in order to prevent him from incurring further damage, as well as making sure that submissions are released following a tapout and to pull fighters off an unconscious opponent. The referee is advised by a doctor and assistant referee who sit ringside.

The primary concern and job of an MMA referee is the safety of the fighters.

Netball[link]

In the game of Netball the match at hand is Presided over by 2 umpires, typically female, with a COMPREHENSIVE knowledge of the rules and regulation. There are also 2 timekeepers and 2 scorekeepers who inform the umpires and sometimes players of the time to go, and the scores.

Roller derby[link]

The game of roller derby is governed by a team of up to seven skating referees. (Only three are required due to the grass-roots nature of the sport, though the full seven are used whenever possible). The required referees are a head referee, who oversees the running of the entire game and has final say in any disputes, and who doubles as an inside pack referee, following along side the main pack of skaters from inside the track and issuing and enforcing penalties for fouls or infringements of the rules; and two jammer referees who follow the two point-scoring players known as jammers. Additional referees fill the roles of a second inside pack ref and up to three outside pack refs, who perform similar duties to the inside pack refs, but from the outside of the track, and who rotate active duty in a relay-race style to avoid fatigue caused by the extra speed needed to keep pace with the pack from the outside. Non-skating officials complete the team by recording and communicating points and penalties and ensuring skaters serve their time accordingly. Only the team captains may engage in discussions with the referees over calls made. Referees are also responsible for ensuring the skaters are correctly wearing all regulation safety equipment.

Rowing[link]

In a regatta an umpire is the on-the-water official appointed to enforce the rules of racing and to ensure safety. In some cases an umpire may be designated specifically as starter, or otherwise the umpire starts the race from a launch and follows it to its end, ensuring that crews follow their proper course. If no infringements occur, the result is decided by a judge or judges on the waterside who determine the finish order of the crews.

Rugby league[link]

Rugby league games are controlled by an on field referee assisted by two touch judges, and often a video referee during televised games. With non-televised games in rugby league, the referee has 2 touch judges and 2 in-goal judges to assist. The referee and the touch judges cannot be contradicted by any player, but captains may discuss calls with them. In some rugby league competitions, most notably Australia's National Rugby League, public criticism of officials by players or coaching staff can result in fines being levied against the offending club.

The National Rugby League is also experimenting with a two-referee system: the control referee is primarily in charge of the play and calling penalties, and the assist referee, who communicates with the control referee but should not blow the whistle. The two referees exchange roles on changes of possession.

Touch football[link]

Touch football/touch rugby (commonly known as "touch") has a unique refereeing concept. As in most team sports, there is an on-field referee and referees on each of the two sideline. However, in touch football, the referees may interchange, similar to players, at appropriate times. Appropriate times may include when the play has moved close enough to the sideline for the referees to swap without the interrupting the play. This may occur during a set of six or during a change of possession. Other times that referees may interchange include after the awarding of touchdowns and penalties.

Touch is also one of the few remaining sports where referees wear metal badges on their chests to represent their official level within their governing organisation. In Australia, the highest referee level is 6, the lowest being 1. In New Zealand, the highest level is 4, the lowest being 1. Prior to level 1, there is an elementary level beginners. In Europe, the highest level is 5, the lowest being 1.

Rugby union[link]

Rugby union games are controlled by an on field referee assisted by two Assistant Referees (AR's), and often a Television Match Official (TMO) during televised games. The referee and the touch judges cannot be contradicted by any player, but captains may discuss calls with them.

Sailing[link]

Refereeing while racing is happening are very unusual within sailing preferring a jury style arrangement after racing has happened known as a protest committee. However sometimes in match race and in team racing an "umpire" is an on-the-water referee appointed to directly enforce the Racing Rules of Sailing. An umpire is also used in fleet racing to enforce Racing Rule 42 which limits the use of kinetics to drive the boat rather than the wind.

Sumo[link]

A sumo match is overseen by a referee (gyōji) in the ring and five umpires (shimpan) seated around the ring. All dress in traditional Japanese clothing, with higher-ranked referees wearing elaborate silk outfits. The referee oversees the pre-match rituals and the bout itself, including ruling on the winner of the bout and the winning technique used. If one of the umpires disagrees, then all the umpires confer to determine the winner of the bout.

Tradition holds that if one of the two top ranked gyōji has his decision overturned, he is expected to tender his resignation, although the Chairman of the Japan Sumo Association usually rejects the resignation.

Tennis[link]

In tennis an umpire is an on-court official, while a referee is an off-court official.

Underwater hockey[link]

An Octopush or underwater hockey match is presided over by two or three water referees in the pool, a chief referee on deck, and at least one timekeeper and one scorekeeper. Additional timekeepers can be used to track penalty times in highly contested matches. A tournament referee will arbitrate for chief referees, whilst protests will be adjudicated by at least three independent referees.

Volleyball[link]

A volleyball match is presided over by a first referee, who observes action from a stand, providing a clear view of action above the net and looking down into the court. The second referee, who assists the first referee, is at floor level on the opposite side of the net—and in front of the scorers' table.

Amateur wrestling[link]

The international styles of amateur wrestling use a three-official system in which a referee conducts the action in the center of the mat while a judge and a mat chairman remain seated and evaluate the action from their stationary vantage points.

Collegiate wrestling uses a single referee in the center of the mat, or a head referee and an assistant.

Professional wrestling[link]

Professional wrestling referees render decisions like tap outs and pinfalls. They also communicate with wrestlers about the progress of the matches.

Attire[link]

An ice hockey referee, wearing vertical black and white stripes

Referees typically wear clothing to distinguish themselves from the players. Such uniforms may be distinctive, and some traditional uniforms have come to be symbolically associated with the position (even if newer, alternative uniforms are increasingly used). Notable examples include the traditional black uniform worn by association football referees, or the vertical black and white stripes worn by referees in many North American sports. It is not uncommon for referees to wear bright reflective yellow/green/orange shirts.

See also[link]

• Timekeeper
• Category:Sports officials by nationality

Look up referee in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Howard Webb

Full name	Howard Melton Webb
Born	(1971-07-14) 14 July 1971 (age 40) Rotherham, Yorkshire, England
Other occupation	Full-time referee Former police sergeant
Domestic
Years	League	Role
1993–1995	Northern Counties East	Assistant referee
1995–1998	Northern Counties East	Referee
1996–1998	Football League	Assistant referee
1998–2000	Premier League	Assistant referee
1998–2000	Football Conference	Referee
2000–2003	Football League	Referee
2003–	Premier League	Referee
International
Years	League	Role
2005–	FIFA listed	Referee

Howard Melton Webb, MBE, (born 14 July 1971)^[1] is an English professional football referee who officiates primarily in the Premier League and has been a FIFA-listed referee since 2005.

Webb is counted amongst the top referees of all time by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS),^[2] and has refereed a number of notable matches including the FA Cup Final, the FA Community Shield and the final of the Football League Cup, as well as the final of both the UEFA Champions League and FIFA World Cup, being the first person to referee both matches in the same year.^[3]

Webb has drawn praise for his authoritative and respected approach to refereeing from football bodies, pundits, colleagues, players, and managers.^{[4][5][5][6][7][8]}

Early life[link]

Webb was born to Sylvia and Billy Webb and grew up in Rotherham, Yorkshire.^[9] His father was also a referee for 35 years.^[9]

Refereeing career[link]

Webb first took up refereeing in local Rotherham leagues in 1989. In 1993, he progressed to the Northern Counties East League as an assistant referee, becoming a referee for that league two years later.

In 1996, he was appointed as a Football League assistant referee, and, in 1998, fulfilled the same function in the Premier League, as well as being promoted to the Football Conference as a referee.^[10] He is a police officer with South Yorkshire Police but took a five-year sabbatical leave to concentrate on his refereeing.^[11][12]

In 2000, he was included on the National List of Football League referees, stepping up to the Select Group for the Premier League three years later.^[10] His first game in the top tier of English football was on 18 October 2003, when he took charge of the 0–0 draw between Fulham and Wolverhampton Wanderers.^[13] He was appointed as a FIFA official in 2005.^[14]

Webb bore a one-week demotion from officiating in the Premier League down to the Football League Championship in April 2009, a punishment sporadically imposed on referees who make high-profile contentious errors. Webb had been earlier been appointed to referee the year's FA Cup final, arguably the highest domestic honour for an official, when he awarded Manchester United a debatable penalty kick while they trailed 2–0 to Tottenham Hotspur. The penalty was converted and United went on to win the match 5–2. Webb later admitted he had made "a mistake" but had made the decision "honestly".^[15][16]

Since then, Webb has been appointed to referee some of the world's highest-profile football matches, including an FA Cup Final, a UEFA Champions League Final and a FIFA World Cup Final. Following in this section are some key matches Webb has refereed in his career since being promoted to the Premier League and FIFA list of referees.

2005 FA Community Shield[link]

In August 2005, Webb officiated the FA Community Shield at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium, a match between the Premier League winners and the FA Cup winners of the previous season. League winners Chelsea went 2–0 up through two Didier Drogba goals, but Cesc Fàbregas netted a goal for FA Cup winners Arsenal twenty-five minutes before the end. It was a tense finale, but Chelsea held on to secure a 2–1 victory. Webb issued three yellow cards (to Frank Lampard, Claude Makélélé and Fàbregas) in a game that saw eleven substitutions.^[17]

First international match[link]

Webb's first international game was at Windsor Park, Belfast, on 15 November 2005, when Northern Ireland hosted Portugal in a friendly. The game ended 1–1, with the home side scoring both goals. Northern Ireland went 1–0 down just before half-time through a Stephen Craigan own goal, but Warren Feeney salvaged a draw by netting in the second half. Tony Capaldi, Keith Gillespie and James Quinn were booked for Northern Ireland.^[18]

2006 FA Trophy Final[link]

On 14 May 2006, Webb took charge of the 2006 FA Trophy final at the Boleyn Ground in London. Grays Athletic beat Woking 2–0, through goals from Dennis Oli and Glenn Poole, both just before half time.^[19] No players found their way into the book.

2006 European Under-21 Championship[link]

The 2006 European Under-21 Championship qualifying rounds began in August 2004, with the finals taking place in Portugal in May and June 2006.

Webb officiated the Group A match between France and Portugal, which the former won 1–0,^[20] and the Group B game between Italy and Ukraine, which saw the Italians win thanks to a Giorgio Chiellini goal three minutes into second-half stoppage time.^[21]

Webb also took charge of one of the two semi-finals, which saw Ukraine beat Serbia and Montenegro 5–4 on penalties after a 0–0 draw.^[22] He was also appointed as fourth official for the final in Porto, which saw the Netherlands beat Ukraine 3–0.^[23]

First Champions League match[link]

A UEFA Champions League group match on 26 September 2006 between Steaua Bucureşti and Lyon was Webb's first European appointment. The game at the Ghencea Stadium in Bucharest finished 3–0 to Lyon, with Webb issuing four yellow cards during the course of the match.^[24]

2007 League Cup Final[link]

Webb refereeing a match in 2007

The League Cup final of 2007 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff was an incident-filled match. Theo Walcott gave Arsenal the lead early in the first half – his first goal for the London-based club, but two Didier Drogba goals gave Chelsea victory.

The match ended with a brawl, with most of the players on the pitch becoming involved. Managers José Mourinho and Arsène Wenger both entered the pitch in an attempt to calm the situation. As a result of the mêlée, Webb sent off Mikel John Obi of Chelsea and Kolo Touré and Emmanuel Adebayor of Arsenal, and showed yellow cards to Frank Lampard and Cesc Fàbregas.^[25] This was the first time that three red cards had been shown in a League Cup final. Indeed, prior to this game only three red cards had been shown in all of the previous finals. Later in the same year, Webb was selected to be the fourth official for the 2007 FA Cup Final, with Steve Bennett selected to referee.

2007 FIFA Under-20 World Cup[link]

Webb was selected to officiate in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada during June and July, and was referee for the Group D game between Poland and Brazil at Montreal's Olympic Stadium on 30 June.^[26] He then took charge of the Group C game between Mexico and Portugal at the National Soccer Stadium in Toronto on 5 July.^[27] On 8 July he officiated the Group A match between Canada and Congo at the Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton.^[28]

Webb was retained by FIFA for the knockout stage of the tournament, and refereed a quarter-final on 15 July in Montreal where Chile defeated Nigeria 4–0 with all four goals being scored in extra time.^[29]

UEFA Euro 2008[link]

In December 2007, Webb was selected as England's representative to referee in UEFA Euro 2008, with Darren Cann and Mike Mullarkey as his assistants.^[30]

On 12 June 2008, whilst refereeing in his first match of the tournament, a Group B game between Austria and Poland, and with less than one minute left in stoppage time, he awarded Austria a penalty kick after he adjudged Poland's Mariusz Lewandowski to have pulled the shirt of Sebastian Prödl. The penalty was converted and the match finished 1–1.^[31] Leo Beenhakker, Poland's head coach, described the decision as "inconsistent with the rest of the tournament".^[32][33][34] Some commentators praised the decision, describing it as "brave".^[35] In the light of UEFA's instructions to referees about conduct at set pieces, the decision to award a penalty in such circumstances was considered a breakthrough in strict implementing the laws of the game by some commentators.^[33] UEFA official William Gaillard said the decision was not controversial and was correct.^[36] On 15 June, Webb was reported as saying that the only incorrect decision he made was to allow Poland's goal, which he said was offside. "To me the penalty was clear and I hope that people later will look at it and realise it was the only decision that could be taken," Webb said. In the same interview he also said that neither he nor his family, who remain in England, feel under threat. "I have not received any threats," he said.^[37]

On 18 June, Webb refereed his second game of Euro 2008 when he took charge of the Group D match in which Greece lost 2–1 to Spain.^[38] UEFA stated on 19 June that Webb had not been selected to referee matches in the knock-out phase.^[39]

Superliga 2008[link]

Webb was invited to referee the 2008 final of the North American SuperLiga between New England Revolution and Houston Dynamo at the Gillette Stadium near Boston. New England won the match 6–5 on penalties after a 2–2 draw.

2009 FA Cup Final[link]

Webb took charge of the 128th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 30 May 2009 and marked the third time that the final had been staged at the stadium since it was rebuilt. The match was contested by Chelsea, who had beaten Arsenal 2–1 in their semi-final, and Everton who had beaten Manchester United 4–2 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in their semi-final.

After Louis Saha opened the scoring for Everton after just 25 seconds (the fastest ever goal in an FA Cup final), Didier Drogba equalised in the 21st minute before Frank Lampard scored the winner with 19 minutes left to play, to give Chelsea their fifth FA Cup success.^[40] Webb cautioned Mikel John Obi and Frank Lampard of Chelsea and Tony Hibbert, Phil Neville and Leighton Baines of Everton.

2009 Confederations Cup[link]

Webb refereeing a Premier League match in 2007

In June 2009, Webb was one of the referees at the 2009 Confederations Cup in South Africa where he took charge of two games.

On 15 June, in the match between Brazil and Egypt with the scoreline at 3–3 and in the final minute, he appeared to signal for a corner after Egypt's Ahmed Elmohamady appeared to handle the ball to prevent a goal. Webb then sent off the defender and awarded a penalty kick, which Brazil converted to eventually win 4–3. Egypt claimed that Webb took advice from the fourth official who may have seen a television replay and awarded the penalty based on this information, but the complaint was later rejected by FIFA.^[41]

Webb also refereed the 0–0 draw between Iraq and New Zealand in Johannesburg.^[42] Throughout the tournament, Webb wrote a regular blog^[43] detailing his experiences as a referee while at the tournament in South Africa.

2010 UEFA Champions League Final[link]

On 20 May 2010, Webb was announced as the referee for the year's Champions League Final at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.^[44] He showed yellow cards to Martin Demichelis and Mark van Bommel of Bayern Munich and cautioned Christian Chivu of Inter Milan, who won the match 2–0 to secure their first Champions League title for 45 years, thanks to both goals by Inter striker Diego Milito.

2010 FIFA World Cup[link]

On 24 October 2008, FIFA announced that Webb would be on the provisional list of referees for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.^[45] On 5 February 2010, FIFA confirmed that Webb had been selected as a referee for the competition.

Webb took charge of the Group H match between Spain and Switzerland on 16 June,^[46] the Group F match between Italy and Slovakia on 24 June,^[47] and the round of 16 match between Brazil and Chile on 28 June.^[48]

2010 FIFA World Cup Final[link]

On 8 July 2010, FIFA announced that Webb would referee the final between the Netherlands and Spain.^[49] He was assisted by Darren Cann and Michael Mullarkey during the final in Johannesburg's Soccer City stadium.^[50] He was the first English referee to take charge of a World Cup Final since Jack Taylor in 1974 – in which the Netherlands lost to West Germany.^[51]

In the game Webb issued 14 yellow cards, including two to the Netherlands' John Heitinga who was subsequently sent off, more than doubling the former record of six for a World Cup Final, set in 1986.^[52]

The match was seen as a highly difficult one to referee.^[53][54][55] After the match Webb was criticised by the Dutch coach Bert van Marwijk, some Dutch players, and was booed by some Dutch fans as he and his fellow officials collected their medals.^[56] However, some portions of the world's press condemned the Dutch for their rough play,^[57] and some pundits opined that Webb was generous to the Dutch for not showing any red cards to their players until ten minutes before the end of extra time.^[58] Some portions of the Spanish press complained that Webb failed to properly control the game and take enough action against several of the Dutch players, particularly Nigel de Jong for a high kick on Xabi Alonso.^[59] Webb later conceded that had he had a better viewing angle of de Jong's challenge he would have sent him off,^[60] and de Jong later admitted he was "lucky" to only receive a yellow card.^[61] Dutch legend Johan Cruyff criticised both his countrymen's rough tactics,^[62] and Webb for not dealing more harshly with them.^[56]

FIFA president Sepp Blatter defended Webb and noted that it was "not easy" to control such a match, saying: "It's not up to me to judge the performances of the officials, I can only say it was a very hard task that the referee trio had on the field of play". Former Premier League referee Jeff Winter said of Webb's performance: "I thought he had a superb game. I find it very difficult to remember a more testing game than that at any level. I thought the players' behaviour and discipline were abysmal. From a referee's point of view, if the players don't want to be controlled it's virtually impossible to control them. Had it had been a referee without his experience of the European game, they might have lost control within the first 30 minutes."^[63] Pundit Alan Hansen defended Webb and condemned the Dutch, saying that: "Howard Webb tried to make the game flow but on this occasion he was left with no choice."^[56]

After the game Dutch midfielder Wesley Sneijder claimed Webb "robbed us" and was a "scandal";^[64] whereas Spanish newspaper El Mundo Deportivo took the polar opposite view in stating that "Holland were able to count on an unexpected ally: referee Howard Webb, who allowed the Dutch to get away with brutal fouls time and time again".^[65][65] As the criticism rolled in so did the praise, as colleagues, commentators and media figures rose to Webb's defence.^[66] The British Referees' Association said "it would be almost impossible to disagree with any of the bookings he issued",^[67] former FA Cup Final referee Keith Hackett noted that "anyone who criticises the officials lacks the knowledge and experience of someone who has refereed" and called on FIFA to punish the Dutch players who castigated Webb to the press.^[68] Jeff Winter said that "to listen to Dutch players after the game blaming the referee for the defeat after they conducted themselves abysmally for the whole two hours is unbelievable. I hope when they look back at what they've said they are totally and utterly embarrassed."^[69]

Fabrice Muamba's cardiac arrest[link]

On 17 March 2012 Webb refereed the FA Cup quarter-final at White Hart Lane between Tottenham Hotspur and Bolton Wanderers. In the 41st minute of the match with the score at 1–1, Bolton midfielder Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the pitch with no other player near him. After several minutes of paramedics attempting to revive Muamba from a cardiac arrest, Webb abandoned the game and Bolton's manager and captain travelled in the ambulance with Muamba to hospital. Many former and current officials praised Webb for his actions and quick-thinking.^[71][72] After a session with a psychologist, Webb was excused by the Premier League from his duty as fourth official for the following day's match between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Manchester United. Muamba ultimately was revived. Webb would officiate as referee again for the rematch between Tottenham and Bolton on 27 March, which Tottenham won 3–1.

Following the 2011–12 season, Webb spoke to a FIFA medical conference in Budapest about the importance of curbing simulation in football, as players feigning injury could put players with serious medical issues, like Muamba, in jeopardy.^[70]

Statistics[link]

Cards per season[link]

Year	Games	Total	per game	Total	per game
2000–01	26	58	2.23	1	0.04
2001–02	32	69	2.16	5	0.16
2002–03	39	145	3.72	4	0.10
2003–04	34	92	2.94	9	0.26
2004–05	34	100	2.94	2	0.06
2005–06	47	117	2.49	7	0.15
2006–07	43	151	3.51	9	0.21
2007–08	38	128	3.37	2	0.05
2008–09	40	132	3.30	6	0.15
2009–10	35	124	3.54	4	0.11
Overall	368	1116	3.03	49	0.13

Cautions and dismissals[link]

Webb issued at least one card in every game he refereed in both the 2002–03 and 2004–05 seasons. As a result, it meant that he had shown at least one card in every game he took charge of between 2 March 2002 (Oldham v Colchester)^[73] and 27 September 2003 (Sunderland v Reading)^[74] and 10 April 2004 (Lincoln v Swansea)^[75] and 18 December 2005 (Middlesbrough v Tottenham).^[76] Between 17 February and 17 March 2007, Webb showed five red cards, all in the 90th minute of matches.

The first red card he showed in the Premier League was to Michael Svensson of Southampton in the 0–0 draw between Bolton Wanderers and Southampton on 8 November 2003.^[77]

Since the 2000–01 season, he has issued two red cards in the same game three times, twice giving one red to either side, once reducing one team (MK Dons) to nine men.^[78] He has sent two goalkeepers off; Kelvin Davis while playing for Wimbledon in 2001,^[79] and John Filan of Wigan in 2004.^[80]

Criticisms[link]

Webb conceded to having made a mistake during a Premier League match between Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur in 2009. The incident of note came when Tottenham goalkeeper Heurelho Gomes challenged United's Michael Carrick for the ball; Webb judged that Gomes fouled Carrick although replays suggested the keeper played the ball. The official, who was over 30 yards away from the incident, awarded a penalty kick, which began United's comeback from 2–0 down to eventually win 5–2.^[81][82]

Earlier in that year, Webb was in charge of an FA Cup tie between Birmingham City and Wolverhampton Wanderers. During the first half, Webb declined to award Birmingham a penalty when Richard Stearman appeared to foul Marcus Bent. He later admitted this decision was a mistake. In the second half, Webb accidentally blocked a Radhi Jaïdi pass on the halfway line, gifting possession to Wolverhampton's Michael Kightly who set up his side's second goal in a 2–0 win.^[82] After the match, Webb reflected on the events by saying: "I am disappointed to have an influence on a goal like that, it is difficult because the ball comes at you with pace and you think you are in the best position, but then something like that happens and they break away and sod's law says they go and score from it... I have spoken to Birmingham and they have been outstanding having accepted it and shown no animosity at all. I was almost more disappointed with the penalty incident".^[82]

In January 2011 Webb officiated Kenny Dalglish's first game in charge of his comeback to Liverpool in their fixture against Manchester United. Dalglish criticised Webb for awarding United a first-minute penalty after deeming Daniel Agger to have fouled Dimitar Berbatov. Dalglish claimed that Berbatov dived, saying: "The penalty is a joke, I've seen the replay and unless the rules have changed it is no penalty". Referring to a red card that Webb later issued to Steven Gerrard for a two-footed lunge, Dalglish said, "I cannot see that as a red card". Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson countered by saying that Webb had got both of those key decisions card correct, claiming that for the penalty there was enough force to make Berbatov lose his balance, and that Gerrard's red card challenge was "two-footed and off the ground".^[83] In response, Liverpool's Ryan Babel posted an image on Twitter of Webb in a Manchester United shirt after Liverpool's 1–0 defeat in the FA Cup, and was charged by the FA with improper conduct and fined £10,000.^[84]

Webb was the recipient of criticism from Chelsea manager André Villas-Boas on 5 February 2012 after his team led Manchester United 3–0 but two penalty kicks and a third headed goal saw United salvage a 3–3 draw in a Premier League fixture at Stamford Bridge. Villas-Boas described Webb's second penalty award for United as "absurd" after the official adjudged Branislav Ivanović to have fouled Danny Welbeck, though television replays suggested contact was minimal. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson said in his post-match interview that Webb should have sent off Chelsea debutant Gary Cahill in the early stages of the game for an apparent professional foul on Welbeck on the edge of the penalty area. Cahill later admitted he was "fortunate" to have not been penalised for the clash.^[85]

Personal life[link]

Webb is married to Kay, they have three children Holly, Jack and Lucy.^[86] Webb is a sergeant in the South Yorkshire Police.^[9] He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to football.^[87][88] Webb has been commended for his work in football officiating for being the first man to referee the Champions League final and World Cup final in the same year.^[89] In June 2011 Webb was made President of the Baris Northern Counties East Football League, a league where he had once officiated on.^[90] In July 2011 he received an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Bedfordshire.^[91] In November 2011, Webb also gained a Honorary Degree from York St John University as a Doctor of Health Sciences.^[92]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Howard Webb

• Howard Webb Profile at Refworld.com
• Howard Webb Referee Statistics at soccerbase.com

Preceded by FIFA World Cup Final 2006 Horacio Elizondo	FIFA World Cup Final Referees Final 2010 Howard Webb	Succeeded by TBA
Preceded by 2009 UEFA Champions League Final Massimo Busacca	UEFA Champions League final 2010 Howard Webb	Succeeded by 2011 UEFA Champions League Final Viktor Kassai
Preceded by Mike Dean	FA Cup Final 2009	Succeeded by Chris Foy
Preceded by Alan Wiley	Carling Cup Final 2007	Succeeded by Mark Halsey
Preceded by Phil Dowd	FA Trophy Final 2006	Succeeded by Chris Foy
Preceded by Mike Dean	FA Community Shield 2005	Succeeded by Martin Atkinson

Martin Atkinson

Full name	Martin Atkinson
Born	(1971-03-31) 31 March 1971 (age 41) Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
Domestic
Years	League	Role
1998–2000	Football League	Assistant referee
2000–2003	Premier League	Assistant referee
2002–2003	Football Conference	Referee
2003–2005	Football League	Referee
2005–	Premier League	Referee
International
Years	League	Role
2006–	FIFA listed	Referee

Martin Atkinson (born 31 March 1971) is an English professional football referee who officiates in the Premier League and for FIFA. He was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, but is now based in nearby Leeds.^[1]

Since his first appearance in the Football League as an assistant referee in 1995, Atkinson has refereed a number of notable matches, including the FA Community Shield and the finals of both of the FA Trophy and FA Cup.

Career[link]

Atkinson started his refereeing career at the relatively early age of 16 years old, as the local team did not have a referee to oversee matches. By 1998, he had been promoted to the Football League's list of assistant referees.

This was followed in 2000 by promotion to the Select Group of assistant referees. By December 2002 he was refereeing Football Conference matches,^[2] and also refereed the 2003 FA County Youth Cup final.^[3]

At the start of the 2003–04 season, Atkinson joined the national list of referees. He had the distinction of not sending off any player from the field of play between August 2004 and October 2005.

Only two years after his Conference debut, Atkinson was appointed to referee his first Premier League game, taking charge of the Manchester City-Birmingham City fixture on 20 April 2005, cautioning one player and awarding the home side a penalty kick in a 3–0 result.^[4][5]

During the three seasons between 2003 and 2006, Atkinson issued only eight red cards in 102 matches, an average of less than 0.08 per game.

In 2006 Atkinson was appointed to the list of FIFA referees.^[6]

The 2009–10 season saw Atkinson referee 48 matches in English football, his highest tally of appointments to date.

2006 FA Community Shield[link]

Atkinson refereed the 2006 FA Community Shield match at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Liverpool defeated Chelsea 2–1, with Atkinson issuing four yellow cards during the course of the game.^[7]

13 August 2006	Chelsea	1–2	Liverpool	Millennium Stadium, Cardiff Attendance: 56,275
	Shevchenko  44' Ballack 7' Lampard 15' Diarra 68'	(Report)	Riise  9' Crouch  80' Alonso 61'

2008 FA Trophy final[link]

Atkinson was appointed to referee the 2008 FA Trophy Final at Wembley Stadium, which was contested between Ebbsfleet United and Torquay United.^[8]

10 May 2008 14:30	Ebbsfleet United	1–0	Torquay United	Wembley Stadium, London Attendance: 40,186
	McPhee  45' Smith McCarthy Moore	(Report)	Rice

2011 FA Cup Final[link]

Atkinson was appointed to officiate the 2011 FA Cup Final. Manchester City defeated Stoke City 1–0; Atkinson issued two yellow cards to two Stoke players during the match.

14 May 2011 15:00	Manchester City	1–0	Stoke City	Wembley Stadium, London
	Y. Touré  74'	Report	Wilkinson 76' Huth 40'

Europe and international[link]

On 13 October 2007, Atkinson refereed a group C qualifier for Euro 2008 between Moldova and Turkey. The game in the Moldovan capital Chişinău ended a 1–1 draw, with the referee showing two yellow cards.

Atkinson issues a yellow card during a fixture between Birmingham City and Arsenal in 2010

The 2008–09 season was the first that Atkinson took charge of UEFA Champions League games. That season he refereed four matches, including FC Zürich against Real Madrid and Inter Milan versus Dynamo Kiev.^[9] In 2010 Atkinson was fourth official to Howard Webb for the Champions League final in Madrid. He issued his first Champions League red card on 5 April 2011, to Cristian Chivu of Inter Milan as they lost 5–2 at home to Schalke.

Atkinson officiated multiple matches during 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualification, including the UEFA group 4 qualifying game between Germany and Finland in Hamburg on 14 October 2009 which ended 1–1.^[10] One month later, he officiated Portugal's 1–0 qualifying win over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

He will officiate at Euro 2012 as an Additional Assistant Referee in a team with referee Howard Webb.^[11]

Criticisms[link]

After the 2009 Manchester derby at Old Trafford, Atkinson was criticised by Manchester City's then-manager Mark Hughes for bad time-keeping after Manchester United had scored an injury-time winner. The fourth official had signalled four minutes of additional time, but Michael Owen scored a 96th-minute goal, handing United a dramatic 4–3 win.^[12] Atkinson was defended by former referee Graham Poll, himself considered one of England's greatest officials,^[13] who pointed out that during injury time itself there had been a goal celebration, a substitution and a delay caused by a fan on the pitch.^[14] The incident led to City questioning the late appointment of Atkinson to the 2010 Manchester derby.^[15]

In September 2010, Atkinson was handed a one-week demotion to the role of fourth official after a time-keeping dispute with Everton manager David Moyes. Everton had scored two injury-time goals to make the score 3–3 against Manchester United, but Atkinson then blew his final whistle while Everton were midway through an attack with a chance of a winner.^[16]

In April 2010, Birmingham City central defender Roger Johnson censured Atkinson after the official awarded rivals Aston Villa a late penalty in the Second City derby, for an apparent foul by Johnson on Villa's Gabriel Agbonlahor. Television replays appeared to show Johnson had played the ball, and manager Alex McLeish also criticised the decision which gave Villa a 1–0 home win.^[17]

Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson censured Atkinson in March 2011 following his refereeing of United's away fixture with Chelsea. He called Chelsea's 80th-minute penalty award "very soft"; Frank Lampard converted the spot-kick to secure a 2–1 win for the hosts. Ferguson also felt that Atkinson should have issued a second yellow card to Chelsea defender David Luiz earlier in the second-half for an apparent trip on Wayne Rooney. It was not the first time Atkinson came under scrutiny after officiating this fixture; in the previous season Ferguson criticised him for awarding Chelsea a free-kick, from which captain John Terry scored the only goal of the game.^[18]

On 1 October 2011, Atkinson came under fire for sending off Everton midfielder Jack Rodwell in the 23rd minute of a Merseyside derby at Goodison Park, which was ultimately won 2—0 by Liverpool. The official erroneously adjudged Rodwell to have committed a foul worthy of a straight red card, although replays suggested the player won the ball cleanly and safely from Liverpool forward Luis Suarez.^[19] In a post-match interview, Everton manager David Moyes claimed the derby was "ruined" by the decision to send off Rodwell.^[20]

After Atkinson dismissed Stoke City's Robert Huth for a first-half tackle on David Meyler in a snow-hit Premier League fixture against Sunderland on 4 February 2012, Stoke manager Tony Pulis attacked the referee's decision and Meyler for apparently simulating injury despite Huth making no contact in the challenge. Pulis said: "Robert skids in but doesn't touch the player. The referee hasn't taken the conditions into consideration. The player rolls around and stays down... to get him sent off. It's a disease that's creeping into the game." Sunderland's manager Martin O'Neill described Huth's tackle as a "nasty challenge"^[21] and the Football Association later rejected a Stoke City appeal against the red card.^[22]

On 15 April 2012, Atkinson awarded a so-called 'ghost goal' to Chelsea in the 49th minute of an FA Cup semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium. Chelsea were 1–0 up when a Juan Mata shot was cleared from the goal-line, but Atkinson awarded a goal and Chelsea went on to defeat Spurs 5–1. Several Tottenham players publicly criticised Atkinson, while their manager Harry Redknapp said that the official had apologised to him for the error. Redknapp added: "It was an honest mistake by the referee but it was nowhere near the line. I don't see how he could give the goal. He must have guessed because he couldn't have been sure." The incident re-ignited the debate over introducing goal-line technology to assist referees.^[23]

Card statistics[link]

Season	Games	Total	per game	Total	per game
2002/03	9	28	3.11	3	0.33
2003/04	26	61	2.34	3	0.11
2004/05	38	87	2.28	3	0.07
2005/06	38	78	2.05	2	0.05
2006/07	42	128	3.04	6	0.14
2007/08	42	109	2.60	6	0.14
2008/09	40	135	3.38	11	0.28
2009/10	48	187	3.90	6	0.13
2010/11	41	143	3.49	13	0.32
2011/12

Statistics for all competitions, including domestic, European and international. No records are available prior to 2003/04.^[24]

References[link]