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Look up émigré in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Émigré is a French term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out", but often carries a connotation of political or social self-exile.

Today, the term generally applies to members of four groups:

1. French Huguenots who were forced to leave France following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
2. French refugees, who were former members of the nobility, Catholic royalist sympathizers, or anti-republicans, who were expelled by the Decree of 17 December 1791 and the Law of Suspects of 1793, following the French Revolution;
3. White Russian émigrés or other opponents of the regime, who fled the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and its aftermath;
4. European aristocrats, who were forced to leave their native countries due to political upheavals from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of World War II.

Whereas emigrants have likely chosen to leave one place and become immigrants in a different clime, not usually expecting to return, émigrés see exile as a temporary expedient forced on them by political circumstances. Émigré circles often arouse suspicion as breeding-grounds for plots and counter-revolution.

Some of the nobility who left France during the Revolution settled in bordering countries, which they sought to use as a base for counterrevolution. After the Storming of the Bastille, King Louis XVI of France directed several of the most conservative members of his court to leave the country for fear that they might be assassinated. Among this first group of émigrés were the king’s youngest brother, the Comte d'Artois, and Queen Marie Antoinette's best friend, the Duchesse de Polignac. Later, in coordination with the king's failed attempt to escape Paris, the king's other brother, the Comte de Provence, also emigrated.

Marx and Engels, in setting out the strategy for future revolutions in The Communist Manifesto, included the provision that the property of émigrés should be confiscated and used to finance the revolution — a recommendation followed by the Bolsheviks seventy years later.

The October Revolution caused more than 20,000 Russian emigrants to go to Finland. Many of these however moved on to France, Paris being the favourite destination for Russian émigrés.

Unlike émigré, the term exile remains politically neutral and includes people from whatever side of the political spectrum who had to leave their homeland, often for political reasons, and who wish to return.

See also[link]

• White Emigre
• expatriate
• refugee
• deportee

Richard Sidney Anthony (1875–1962) was an Irish politician. A Linotype operator by profession, Anthony stood unsuccessfully for election at the 1923 general election. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as an Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork Borough constituency at the June 1927 general election.^[1] He was re-elected as a Labour Party TD at the September 1927 general election. He left the Labour Party and was elected as an independent TD at the 1932 general election. He was re-elected as an independent TD at the 1933 and 1937 general elections.^[2]

He lost his seat at the 1938 general election but was re-elected at the 1943 and 1944 general elections. He again lost his Dáil seat at the 1948 general election but was elected to the 6th Seanad on the Labour Panel at the subsequent Seanad election in 1948. He stood at the 1951 general election but was not elected. He did not contest the 1951 Seanad election but was elected to the 8th Seanad in 1954, again on the Labour Panel. He did not contest the 1957 Seanad election and retired from politics. He served as Lord Mayor of Cork from 1942–43.

References[link]

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