Look up template in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Template may mean:

• a stencil, pattern or overlay used in graphic arts (drawing, painting, etc.) and sewing to replicate letters, shapes or designs
• a pre-developed page layout in electronic or paper media used to make new pages with a similar design, pattern, or style
• Form letter, a predefined letter which retains its primary intent when individually customised with variable data or text.

Computer science and information technology[link]

• Template (file format), a standardized non-executable file type used by computer software as a pre-formatted example on which to base other files, especially documents
• Template (C++), a tool for generic programming especially in the C++ language
• Template metaprogramming, a programming technique used by a compiler to generate temporary source code
• Template method, an object-oriented design pattern
• Template processor, a system that combines a template with data to produce an output.
• Template (word processing), a standard document containing layout and styles used to configure word processing software
• Style sheet (web development) or master page on which you can globally edit and format graphic elements and text common to each page of a document
• Web template or web template system, a master page used to produce web pages
• A main document from which mail merge documents are created

Manufacturing[link]

• Mechanical template, used to cut and shape a product, such as:
  • a die (manufacturing)
  • a mold

Molecular genetics[link]

• a strand of DNA which sets the genetic sequence of new strands
• a strand of RNA which translates genes into proteins

Miscellaneous[link]

• Template (racing), a device used in car racing to ensure that the body of the race vehicle adheres to specifications

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Screen Actors Guild Award
The Actor Statuette
Awarded for	Excellence in film and television by members of the Screen Actors Guild
Presented by	Screen Actors Guild
Country	United States
First awarded	1995
Official website	http://www.sagawards.org/

A Screen Actors Guild Award (also known as a SAG Award) is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) to recognize outstanding performances by its members. The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called "The Actor".^[1] It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, cast in solid bronze, and produced by the American Fine Arts Foundry in Burbank, California.^[2]

SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. Nominations for the awards come from 4200 randomly selected members of the union, with the full membership (120,000 as of 2007) available to vote for the winners. The awards have been televised for the past several years on TNT, but now also airs on TBS.

The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25, 1995 from Stage 12, Universal Studios. The second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center.^[3] Bob Hope was given the first award.

List of nominees and winners[link]

• For the year 2011, held in 2012 - 18th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2010, held in 2011 – 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2009, held in 2010 – 16th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2008, held in 2009 – 15th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2007, held in 2008 – 14th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2006, held in 2007 – 13th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2005, held in 2006 – 12th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2004, held in 2005 – 11th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2003, held in 2004 – 10th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2002, held in 2003 – 9th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2001, held in 2002 – 8th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 2000, held in 2001 – 7th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1999, held in 2000 – 6th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1998, held in 1999 – 5th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1997, held in 1998 – 4th Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1996, held in 1997 – 3rd Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1995, held in 1996 – 2nd Screen Actors Guild Awards
• For the year 1994, held in 1995 – 1st Screen Actors Guild Awards

Awards[link]

Film awards[link]

• Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
• Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture
• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role

Television awards[link]

• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries
• Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
• Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
• Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series
• Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series
• Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Television Series

Life Achievement Awards[link]

• Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award

Superlatives[link]

Most wins[link]

(minimum of 2 awards)

These are the artists and shows that have received the most awards over the years, including all awards up to 2012.

• Julianna Margulies has won more awards than any other artist, with eight. Margulies has two for Outstanding Female Television Actress-Drama for ER, two for Outstanding Female TV Actress - Drama for The Good Wife and four for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series also for ER.
• Alec Baldwin is notable for winning 'Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor - Comedy' for 30 Rock six years in a row from 2007 to 2012. With a Ensemble Award for the show as well this brings his total wins to seven.
• Allison Janney has won six SAG Awards: two for Outstanding Female in a Drama Series for The West Wing, two for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series also for The West Wing, and two for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Motion Picture for American Beauty and The Help.
• Julia Louis-Dreyfus, James Gandolfini, and Edie Falco all have won five SAG Awards. Louis-Dreyfus has won two for Outstanding Female in a Comedy Series for Seinfeld and three for Outstanding Ensemble in a Comedy Series also for Seinfeld. Gandolfini won three awards for Outstanding Male in a Drama Series for The Sopranos, and two for Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series, also for The Sopranos. Edie Falco won three awards for Outstanding Female in a Drama Series for The Sopranos and two for Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series, also for The Sopranos.
• Megan Mullally and Tina Fey have won the Outstanding Female in a Comedy Series award more times than any other actress, with three wins apiece.
• James Gandolfini has won the Outstanding Male in a Drama Series three times, while Edie Falco has won the Outstanding Female in a Drama Series three times.
• Martin Sheen has won 4 for his work on The West Wing; two for Outstanding Male Television Actor in a Drama and another two along with the cast of The West Wing for Best Ensemble.
• Steve Buscemi, Anthony Edwards, Dennis Franz, Hugh Laurie, Martin Sheen and Kiefer Sutherland have all won the Outstanding Male Television Actor-Drama Award twice.
• John Lithgow and Tony Shalhoub have both won the Outstanding Male Television Actor-Comedy Award twice.
• ER has won the Outstanding Ensemble-Drama Award 4 times.
• The comedy Seinfeld has won the Outstanding Ensemble-Comedy Award 3 times
• Helen Mirren, Renée Zellweger and Catherine Zeta-Jones have won 3 SAG Film Awards (Zellweger: Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role 2004 - Cold Mountain, Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role 2003 - Chicago and Outstanding Performance by the Cast of a Theatrical Motion Picture 2003 - Chicago).
• Jerry Orbach posthumously won a SAG Award for his role in Law & Order in 2005.
• David Hyde Pierce, with 19 nominations, has more than any other performer. He himself has won twice (Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series in 1996, and Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2000, for his role as Niles Crane in the comedy Frasier.
• Rainn Wilson and Mark Moses are the only people to win for both Ensemble in a Comedy Series (Wilson for The Office in 2007 and 2008, Moses for Desperate Housewives in 2005 and 2006) and Ensemble in a Drama Series (Wilson for Six Feet Under in 2003, Moses for Mad Men in 2009).

Most nominations[link]

(Minimum of 10 nominations)

Per film[link]

Most wins[link]

(minimum of 2 awards)

Most nominations[link]

(minimum of 3 nominations)

References[link]

External links[link]

• SAG Awards official site

v t e Cinema of the United States Films A–Z of films Films by year Film series Silent films Personnel Actors Animators Cinematographers Critics Directors Editors Producers Score composers Screenwriters Stunt performers Awards and events Academy Awards Directors Guild of America Award Writers Guild of America Award Golden Globes Screen Actors Guild Awards Festivals Theaters Cinema and Theatre Chains Movie theatres Industry by state Alaska Connecticut Florida Georgia Hawaii Louisiana Michigan North Carolina New Hampshire New Mexico Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Virginia Industry by city Atlanta Chicago Cleveland Hollywood Jacksonville Kansas City New York San Diego Miscellaneous Box office Hollywood Production companies AFI's 100 Years... National Film Registry

The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union representing over 105,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with AFTRA, the new union will be called SAG-AFTRA. The new union will have more than 150,000 members.^[1]

According to SAG's Mission Statement, the Guild seeks to: negotiate and enforce collective bargaining agreements that establish equitable levels of compensation, benefits, and working conditions for its performers; collect compensation for exploitation of recorded performances by its members, and provide protection against unauthorized use of those performances; and preserve and expand work opportunities for its members.^[2]

The Guild was founded in 1933 in an effort to eliminate exploitation of actors in Hollywood who were being forced into oppressive multi-year contracts with the major movie studios that did not include restrictions on work hours or minimum rest periods, and often had clauses that automatically renewed at the studios' discretion. These contracts were notorious for allowing the studios to dictate the public and private lives of the performers who signed them, and most did not have provisions to allow the performer to end the deal.^{[citation needed] [3]}

The Screen Actors Guild is associated with the Associated Actors and Artistes of America (AAAA), which is the primary association of performer's unions in the United States. The AAAA is affiliated with the AFL-CIO. SAG claims exclusive jurisdiction over motion picture performances, and shares jurisdiction of radio, television, Internet, and other new media with its sister union AFTRA, with which it shares 44,000 dual members.^[4] Internationally, the SAG is affiliated with the International Federation of Actors.

In addition to its main offices in Hollywood, SAG also maintains local branches in several major US cities, including: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Las Vegas, Miami, Nashville, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Portland, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C.

Since 1995, the guild has annually awarded the Screen Actors Guild Awards, which are considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards.

History[link]

Early years[link]

In 1925, the Masquers Club was formed by actors fed up with the grueling work hours at the Hollywood studios.^[5] This was one of the major concerns which led to the creation of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933. Another was that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which at that time arbitrated between the producers and actors on contract disputes, had a membership policy which was by invitation only.

A meeting in March 1933 of six actors (Berton Churchill, Charles Miller, Grant Mitchell, Ralph Morgan, Alden Gay, and Kenneth Thomson) led to the guild's foundation. Three months later, three of the six and eighteen others became the guild's first officers and board of directors: Ralph Morgan (its first president), Alden Gay, Kenneth Thomson, Alan Mowbray (who personally funded the organization when it was first founded), Leon Ames, Tyler Brooke, Clay Clement, James Gleason, Lucile Webster Gleason, Boris Karloff (reportedly influenced by long hours suffered during the filming of Frankenstein), Claude King, Noel Madison, Reginald Mason, Bradley Page, Willard Robertson, Ivan Simpson, C. Aubrey Smith, Charles Starrett, Richard Tucker, Arthur Vinton, Morgan Wallace and Lyle Talbot.

Many high-profile actors refused to join SAG initially. This changed when the producers made an agreement amongst themselves not to bid competitively for talent. A pivotal meeting, at the home of Frank Morgan (Ralph's brother, who played the title role in The Wizard of Oz), is what gave SAG its critical mass. Prompted by Eddie Cantor's insistence, at that meeting, that any response to that producer's agreement help all actors, not just the already established ones, it took only three weeks for SAG membership to go from around 80 members to more than 4,000. Cantor's participation was critical, particularly because of his friendship with the recently-elected President Franklin Roosevelt. After several years and the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the producers agreed to negotiate with SAG in 1937.

Actors known for their early support of SAG (besides the founders) include Edward Arnold, Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney, Dudley Digges, Porter Hall, Paul Harvey, Jean Hersholt, Russell Hicks, Murray Kinnell, Gene Lockhart, Bela Lugosi, David Manners, Fredric March, Adolphe Menjou, Chester Morris, Jean Muir, George Murphy, Erin O'Brien-Moore, Irving Pichel, Dick Powell, Edward G. Robinson, Edwin Stanley, Gloria Stuart, Lyle Talbot, Franchot Tone, Warren William, and Robert Young.

Blacklist years[link]

In October 1947, a list of suspected communists working in the Hollywood film industry were summoned to appear before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), which was investigating Communist influence in the Hollywood labor unions. Ten of those summoned, dubbed the "Hollywood Ten", refused to cooperate and were charged with contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison. Several liberal members of SAG, led by Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Danny Kaye, and Gene Kelly formed the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA) and flew to Washington, DC, in late October 1947 to show support for the Hollywood Ten. (Several of the CFA's members, including Bogart, Edward G. Robinson, and John Garfield later recanted, saying they had been "duped", not realizing that some of the Ten were really communists.)

The president of SAG – future United States President Ronald Reagan – also known to the FBI as Confidential Informant "T-10", testified before the committee but never publicly named names. Instead, according to an FBI memorandum in 1947: "T-10 advised Special Agent [name deleted] that he has been made a member of a committee headed by Mayer, the purpose of which is allegedly is to 'purge' the motion-picture industry of Communist party members, which committee was an outgrowth of the Thomas committee hearings in Washington and subsequent meetings . . . He felt that lacking a definite stand on the part of the government, it would be very difficult for any committee of motion-picture people to conduct any type of cleansing of their own household".^[6] Subsequently a climate of fear, enhanced by the threat of detention under the provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act, permeated the film industry. On November 17, 1947, the Screen Actors Guild voted to force its officers to take a "non-communist" pledge. On November 25 (the day after the full House approved the ten citations for contempt) in what has become known as the Waldorf Statement, Eric Johnston, president of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), issued a press release: "We will not knowingly employ a Communist or a member of any party or group which advocates the overthrow of the government of the United States by force or by any illegal or unconstitutional methods."

None of those blacklisted were proven to advocate overthrowing the government – most simply had Marxist or socialist views. The Waldorf Statement marked the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist that saw hundreds of people prevented from working in the film industry. During the height of what is now referred to as McCarthyism, the Screen Writers Guild gave the studios the right to omit from the screen the name of any individual who had failed to clear his name before Congress. At a 1997 ceremony marking the 50th anniversary of the Blacklist, the Guild's president made this statement:

Only our sister union, Actors Equity Association, had the courage to stand behind its members and help them continue their creative lives in the theater. ... Unfortunately, there are no credits to restore, nor any other belated recognition that we can offer our members who were blacklisted. They could not work under assumed names or employ surrogates to front for them. An actor's work and his or her identity are inseparable. Screen Actors Guild's participation in tonight's event must stand as our testament to all those who suffered that, in the future, we will strongly support our members and work with them to assure their rights as defined and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

—Richard Masur, Hollywood Remembers the Blacklist^[7]

1970s to present[link]

The Screen Actors Guild Ethnic Minorities Committee was co-founded in 1972 by actors Henry Darrow, Edith Diaz, Ricardo Montalban and Carmen Zapata.^[8]

The Screen Actors Guild Women's Committee was founded in 1972.

SAG members and AFTRA members voted to merge on March 30, 2012. ^[1]

SAG rules and procedures[link]

Joining SAG[link]

A performer is eligible to join the Screen Actors Guild by meeting the criteria in any of the following three categories: principal performer in a SAG production, background performer (originally the "three voucher rule"), and one-year member of an affiliated union (with a principal role). For more details and restrictions, see article: Screen Actors Guild rules. The basic categories are:

• Principal performer: Any performer who works as a principal performer for a minimum of one day on a project (film, commercial, TV show, etc.) under a producer's agreement with SAG, and the performer has been paid at the appropriate SAG daily, three-day, or weekly rate is then considered "SAG-Eligible." A SAG-Eligible performer may work in other SAG or non-SAG productions up to 30 days, during which that performer is classified as a "Taft-Hartley". After the 30-day Taft-Hartley period has expired, the performer may not work on any further SAG productions until first joining SAG, by: paying the initiation fee with the first half-year minimum membership dues, and agreeing to abide by the Guild's rules and bylaws.

• Background performer: For years, SAG had the "three voucher rule". After collecting 3 valid union vouchers for three separate days of work, a background performer (an extra) can become SAG-Eligible; however, employment must be confirmed with payroll data not vouchers. SAG productions require a minimum number of SAG members be employed as background performers before a producer is permitted to hire a non-union background performer in their production. For television productions, the minimum number of SAG background performers is 19, for commercials the minimum is 40, and for feature films, the minimum is 50. Often, due to the uniqueness of a role, or constraints on the numbers of available SAG performers or last-minute cancellations, those minimums are unable to be met. When this happens, producers are permitted to fill one or more of those union spots with non-union performers. The non-union performer chosen to fill the union spot is then issued a union extra voucher for the day, and that non-union performer is entitled to all the same benefits and pay that the union performer would have received under that voucher. The SAG-Eligible background performer may continue working in non-union productions and is not required to join the Guild before performing in another SAG production as a background performer.

• Member of an affiliated union: Members in good standing, for at least one year, of any of the other unions affiliated with the AAAA, and who have worked as a principal at least once in an area of the affiliated union's jurisdiction, and who have been paid for their work in that principal role, are eligible to join SAG.

Initiation fee and membership dues[link]

Members joining the Los Angeles, New York, or Miami SAG locals are assessed an initial fee to join the Guild of $2,277. At the time of initiation, the first minimum semi-annual membership dues payment of $58 must also be paid, bringing the total amount due upon initiation into the Guild to $2,335.^[9] All other SAG locals still assess initiation fees at the previous rate. Members from other locales who work in Los Angeles, New York, or Miami after joining are charged the difference between the fee they paid their local and the higher rate in those markets.

Membership dues are calculated and are due semi-annually, and are based upon the member's earnings from SAG productions. The minimum annual dues amount is $116, with an additional 1.85% of the performer's income up to $200,000. Income from $200,000 to $500,000 is assessed at 0.5%, and income from $500,000 to $1 million is assessed at 0.25%. For the calculation of dues, there is a total earnings cap at $1 million. Therefore, the maximum dues payable in any one calendar year by any single member is limited to $6,566.

SAG members who become delinquent in their dues without formally requesting a leave of absence from the Guild are assessed late penalties, and risk being ejected from the Guild and can be forced to pay the initiation fee again to regain their membership.

Global Rule One[link]

The SAG Constitution and Bylaws state that, "No member shall work as a performer or make an agreement to work as a performer for any producer who has not executed a basic minimum agreement with the Guild which is in full force and effect."^[10] Every SAG performer agrees to abide by this, and all the other SAG rules, as a condition of membership into the Guild. This means that no SAG members may perform in non-union projects that are within SAG's jurisdiction, once they become members of the Guild. Since 2002, the Guild has pursued a policy of world-wide enforcement of Rule One, and renamed it Global Rule One.

However, many actors, particularly those who do voices for anime dubs, have worked for non-union productions under pseudonyms. For example, David Cross did voices for the non-union cartoon Aqua Teen Hunger Force, under the pseudonym "Sir Willups Brightslymoore." He acknowledged that work in an interview with SuicideGirls.^[11] Such violations of Global Rule One have generally gone ignored by the Guild.

Unique stage names[link]

Like other guilds and associations that represent actors, SAG rules stipulate that no two members may have identical working names. An actor whose name has already been taken must choose a new name. Notable examples include Michael Keaton, Michael J. Fox and Emma Stone, whose birth names "Michael Douglas" and "Michael Fox" and "Emily Stone," respectively, were already in use.

Member benefits and privileges[link]

SAG contracts with producers contain a variety of protections for Guild performers. Among these provisions are: minimum rates of pay, adequate working conditions, special protection and education requirements for minors, arbitration of disputes and grievances, and affirmative action in auditions and hiring.

Standardized pay and work conditions[link]

All members of the Guild agree to work only for producers who have signed contracts with SAG. These contracts spell out in detail the responsibilities that producers must assume when hiring SAG performers. Specifically, the SAG basic contract specifies: the number of hours performers may work, the frequency of meal breaks required, the minimum wages or "scale" at which performers must be compensated for their work, overtime pay, travel accommodations, wardrobe allowances, stunt pay, private dressing rooms, and adequate rest periods between performances. When applicable, and with due regard to the safety of the individuals, cast and crew, women and minorities shall be considered for doubling roles and for descript and non-descript stunts on a functional, non-discriminatory basis.

The Producers and the Pension and Health Plans[link]

Performers who meet the eligibility criteria of working a certain number of days or attaining a certain threshold in income derived from SAG productions can join the Producers Pension and Health Plans offered by the Guild. The eligibility requirements vary by age of the performer and the desired plan chosen (there are two health plans). There is also Dental, Vision, and Life & Disability coverage included as part of the two plans.^[12]

Residuals[link]

The Guild secures residuals payments in perpetuity to its members for broadcast and re-broadcast of films, TV shows, and TV commercials through clauses in the basic SAG agreements with producers.

Major strikes and boycotts by the union[link]

Early strikes[link]