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Hello (stylized as HELLO!) is a weekly magazine specializing in celebrity news and human-interest stories, published in the United Kingdom since 1988. Hello is sister magazine to ¡Hola!, the Spanish weekly magazine launched in Spain in 1944. ¡HOLA! Spanish, Hello UK, and ¡HOLA! Mexican – launched in 2006 – make up the magazines published by HOLA, S.A and distributed in over 100 countries. Local editions of the magazine are also published in Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, Ecuador, Greece, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Middle East, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Russia, Serbia, Thailand, and Turkey.

History[link]

Hello was launched in 1988 by publisher Eduardo Sánchez Junco, owner and chairman of Spain’s groundbreaking ¡HOLA! magazine. ¡HOLA! was created in 1944 by husband and wife Antonio Sánchez Gómez and Mercedes Junco Calderón. They wanted to create a light-hearted magazine that focused on weddings, new babies, new loves, and other people-centered, personal stories. Antonio Sánchez Gómez felt that "things of human interest would have pride of place in the magazine, and people more than things." From the beginning, ¡HOLA! regularly sold out and built a reputation for elegance and good taste.

The success of both magazines led to the expansion of the brand across the world, after exports to over 70 countries bolstered the company’s international presence. Today, editions of the magazine are produced in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Greece, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, the Middle East, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, Serbia, Thailand, and Turkey. In total there are 18 editions of the magazine and nine websites.

Editorial concept[link]

Hello’s editorial concept distinguishes it from the many sensationalist and negative celebrity magazines on the market in the UK. Hello’s content includes respectful coverage of celebrities and royals and compelling human-interest stories. It aims to provide the quality of content that a monthly magazine provides in a news-focused, weekly format.

The magazine’s respectful treatment of celebrities allows it to maintain a friendly relationship with many stars. Through these relationships the magazine often obtains exclusive photos and interviews directly from the stars. Many of the biggest exclusives in recent memory have been published by Hello, including the births of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie’s children Shiloh, Vivienne and Knox, Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes’ wedding, and Sandra Bullock’s debut of her son. Coverage of royalty comprises a significant portion of the magazine’s content.

Website[link]

Hellomagazine.com is the official website of the weekly celebrity news magazine Hello. Started in 2001 to complement the magazine, the website contains separate content to the weekly magazine, reporting celebrity news on a daily rather than weekly basis. The site is updated throughout the day, seven days a week.

The site provides users with photos, news stories and video content in the following categories: Celebrities, Fashion, Royalty, Beauty, Brides, Cuisine, Travel and Your Weddings.

At the end of each year, hellomagazine.com hosts three polls that draw international attention: Most Attractive Man, Most Attractive Woman, and Most Elegant Woman. In January 2010, Hugh Laurie was named Most Attractive Man, while Kristen Stewart won Most Attractive Woman, and Angelina Jolie was voted Most Elegant Woman. Altogether, the polls totaled close to 750,000 votes.

Aside from the British website, the Hello group has websites in:

• Brazil^[1]
• Bulgaria^[2]
• Canada^[3]
• Greece^[4]
• Indonesia^[5]
• Mexico^[6]
• Russia^[7]
• Serbia^[8]
• Spain^[9]

Awards[link]

• 2008 'PTC Top Dog Awards Commercial Director of the Year', Winner
• 2005 'ACE', UK Magazine distributed Internationally, Winner
• 2004 'PPA' – Sales Pitch of the Year, Winner
• 2002 'PPA' – International Magazine of the Year, Winner
• 1999 'BSME Awards', Best International magazine, Winner.
• 1998 'Marketing Week 20th Birthday Awards', Best Consumer Magazine, Winner
• 1996 'The Press Circulation Awards' - Consumer Magazine of the Year, short-listed
• 1995 'International Press Directory' - International Publishing Award to Eduardo Sánchez Junco
• 1992 'The Press Circulation Awards' - Circulation Excellence by a Consumer Magazine, Finalist
  • 'Media Week Press Advertising Awards' - Consumer Magazine of the Year, Winner
  • 'The Publisher' - Best Front Cover, Winner
  • 'PPA' - Consumer Magazine of the Year, Highly Commended
• 1991 'The Press Circulation Awards' - Circulation Excellence by a Consumer Magazine, Winner
  • 'British Society of Magazine Editors' - General Interest Magazine Editors of the Year, Winner
  • 'The Publisher Magazine Publishing Awards' - Magazine of the Year, Runner-up
  • 'PPA' – Consumer Magazine of the Year, Highly Commended
• 1990 'PPA' – Consumer Magazine of the Year, Winner
  • 'Media Week Advertising Awards' - Consumer Magazine of the Year, Winner
  • 'The Press Circulation Awards' - Greatest Annual Percentage and/or Copy Growth by a Consumer Magazine, Runner-up

Litigation[link]

• 2003 – Catherine Zeta Jones and Michael Douglas sued Hello for publishing unauthorised photographs of their wedding. Rival magazine OK! had an exclusive contract for pictures of the wedding, and also sued Hello In November 2003, OK! was awarded £1,033,156 in damages, and Jones and Douglas received £14,600.

• 2006 – Hello, which secured the British rights to the first images of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie's newborn daughter, launched legal action with People against two websites that printed a leaked exclusive shot of the couple with their new baby daughter. The leaked photo, which contains Hello magazine's logo, shows a headline which reads: "The biggest exclusive of the year. Angelina and Brad with their new Baby Shiloh Nouvel." People magazine reportedly paying more than $4 million USD to secure the American rights.^[10]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Hello magazine website
• Hello Russia official website
• Hello Serbia official website
• Everything2 article on Hello
• Hello Greece official website
• Hello Indonesia official website

Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is attested in writing as early as the 1830s.

First use[link]

Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications as early as 1833. These include an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,^[1] which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette.^[2]

The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.^{[citation needed]}

Etymology[link]

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,^[3] which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman."^[4] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').^[5] As in addition to hello, halloo,^[6] hallo, hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.

Telephone[link]

The use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo.^[7] Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting.^[8][9] However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:

Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away. What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.^{[citation needed]}

By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.^[9]

Hullo[link]

Hello may be derived from hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello,"^[10] and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803.^[11] The word hullo is still in use, with the meaning hello.^{[12][13][14][15][16]}

Hallo[link]

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa).^[10] The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:^[10] Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.^[17]

It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798:

And the good south wind still blew behind,

But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play

Came to the mariners' hollo!

Hallo is also German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans for Hello.

If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.

—Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā."

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).^[18] Hallo is also used by many famous authors like Enid Blyton. Example:"Hallo!", chorused the 600 children.

The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word.^[19] Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil and other similar words of Germanic origin. Bill Bryson asserts in his book Mother Tongue that "hello" comes from Old English hál béo þu ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health).

Cognates[link]

This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (March 2009)

The word "hello" is found in many other languages. It is often only used when answering the telephone, or as an informal greeting.

"Hello, World" computer program[link]

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, world!" program, which outputs that greeting to a display screen or printer. The widespread use of this tradition arose from an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie, which reused the following example taken from earlier memos by Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs:

<source lang="c">

int main() 
{
       printf("hello, world");
}</source>

The Apple DOS HELLO program[link]

A diskette formatted to boot Apple DOS 3.x on the Apple II series of computers will look for a BASIC program to run automatically after the operating system has booted. By default, the name of the program is HELLO, and is specified as a parameter of the INIT command used to format a floppy disk. For the HELLO program to work, it has to be created in the same language (Integer BASIC or Applesoft BASIC) that is present in the language ROM of the system the disk is being booted on.

Perception of "Hello" in other nations[link]

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In some other nations, especially the ones that had little contact with foreigners at the time, Westerners were often viewed as people who constantly said "hello" and little else. Jung Chang describes this view as follows:

In my mind... foreigners said 'hello' all the time, with an odd intonation.... When boys played 'guerrilla warfare,' which was their version of cowboys and Indians, the enemy side would have thorns glued onto their noses and say 'hello' all the time.

—Chang, Jung^[20]

See also[link]

• World Hello Day

Greetings in other languages

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up hello, hi, hey, or hiya in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Hello in more than 800 languages
• OED online entry for hollo (Subscription)
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hollo, hullo
• How to Say Hello Around the World - slideshow by Life magazine

Martin Laurent Picandet (French pronunciation: [maʁtɛ̃ pikɑ̃dɛ]) (born 22 September 1976), better known under his stage name Martin Solveig, is a French electronic music DJ and producer from Paris. He also hosts a weekly radio show called "C'est La Vie" on stations worldwide including FG DJ Radio in his homeland. His label is called Mixture Stereophonic. Martin Solveig had been ranked 29^th in the 2011 DJ Mag Top 100 DJs popularity poll.^[1] He has collaborated with Dragonette, Kele of Bloc Party, and Madonna.

History[link]

As a child, Martin Solveig joined the choir of the Petits Chanteurs de Sainte-Croix de Neuilly,^[2] where he had a classical music training and became soprano soloist under the direction of François Polgár. At the age of 18, he became a DJ and then started to work in famous Parisian nightclubs : L'Enfer, Le Queen, Les Bains Douches.

Solveig chose his pseudonym as an homage to the French actress Solveig Dommartin.^[3]

In 2011, Solveig was officially named as one of the producers for Madonna's new studio album, MDNA.^[4]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Compilations[link]

Singles[link]

"Hello" became Martin Solveig's breakthrough song in the world, used in a Trident Gum commercial in 2011. The song earned popularity and eventually became his first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 43. The song also reached number one on dance charts around the world as well as on the Dutch Top 40.

Other singles[link]

Notes:

• ^A - Solveig was credited as Africanism.

References[link]

External links[link]

• TwistedHouse.com Martin Solveig Interview
• Martin Solveig Interview (Ibiza,Spain)2006
• Martin Solveig biography
• Top 40 charts record for Martin Solveig
• Martin Solveig İstanbul

Lionel Richie
Lionel Richie performing on his sold-out 2011 Australian and New Zealand Concert Tour
Background information
Birth name	Lionel Brockman Richie, Jr.
Born	(1949-06-20) June 20, 1949 (age 63) Tuskegee, Alabama, United States
Genres	Soul, R&B, pop, pop rock, country
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, instrumentalist, record producer, actor
Instruments	Vocals, piano/keyboards, saxophone
Years active	1967–present
Labels	Island, MCA, Motown
Associated acts	Diana Ross, Commodores, Nicole Richie, Alabama (band), Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, Luther Vandross, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Patti Labelle, USA for Africa, Jason Derulo, Natasha Bedingfield, Kenny Rogers, Akon
Website	lionelrichie.com

Lionel Brockman Richie, Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and actor. From 1968, he was a member of the musical group Commodores signed to Motown Records. Richie made his solo debut in 1982 with the album Lionel Richie and number-one hit "Truly".

Early life[link]

Richie was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, the son of Alberta R. (Foster) and Lionel Brockman Richie.^[1] Richie grew up on the campus of Tuskegee Institute.^[2] His grandfather's house was across the street from the home of the president of the college. His family moved to Joliet, Illinois, where he graduated from Joliet Township High School, East Campus. A star tennis player in Joliet, he accepted a tennis scholarship to attend Tuskegee Institute, and graduated with a major in economics. After receiving his undergraduate degree from Tuskegee, Richie briefly attended graduate school at Auburn University. He is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi^[3] and Alpha Phi Alpha^[4][5] Fraternity.

Career[link]

The Commodores[link]

As a student in Tuskegee, Richie formed a succession of R&B groups in the mid-1960s. In 1968 he became a singer and saxophonist with the Commodores. They signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 1968 for one record before moving on to Motown Records initially as a support act to The Jackson 5. The Commodores then became established as a popular soul group. Their first several albums had a danceable, funky sound, as in such tracks as "Machine Gun" and "Brick House." Over time, Richie wrote and sang more romantic, easy-listening ballads such as "Easy," "Three Times a Lady," "Still," and the tragic breakup ballad "Sail On."

By the late 1970s he had begun to accept songwriting commissions from other artists. He composed "Lady" for Kenny Rogers, which hit #1 in 1980, and produced Rogers's album Share Your Love the following year. Richie and Rogers maintained a strong friendship in later years. Latin jazz composer and salsa romantica pioneer La Palabra enjoyed international success with his cover of "Lady," which was played at Latin dance clubs. Also in 1981 Richie sang the theme song for the film Endless Love, a duet with Diana Ross. Issued as a single, the song topped the UK and US pop music charts, and became one of Motown's biggest hits. Its success encouraged Richie to branch out into a full-fledged solo career in 1982. He was replaced as lead singer for The Commodores by Skyler Jett in 1983. His debut album, Lionel Richie, produced another chart-topping single, "Truly," which continued the style of his ballads with the Commodores.

Solo career[link]

Richie performing in March 2011

Richie's 1982 self-titled debut contained three hit singles: the U.S. #1 song "Truly", which launched his career as one of the most successful balladeers of the 1980s, and the Top Five hits "You Are" and "My Love." The album hit #3 on the music charts and sold over 4 million copies. His 1983 follow-up album, Can't Slow Down, sold over twice as many copies and won two Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, propelling him into the first rank of international superstars. The album contained the #1 hit "All Night Long" a Caribbean-flavored dance number that was promoted by a colorful music video produced by former Monkee Michael Nesmith. In 1984, Richie performed “All Night Long” at the closing ceremony of the XXIII Olympic Games in Los Angeles.

Several more Top 10 hits followed, the most successful of which was the ballad "Hello" (1984), a sentimental love song that showed how far Richie had moved from his R&B roots. Richie had three more Top Ten hits in 1984, "Stuck on You" (#3), "Running with the Night" (#7) and "Penny Lover" (#8). Now described by one critic as "the black Barry Manilow," in 1985 Richie wrote and performed a suitably soothing theme song, "Say You, Say Me," for the film White Nights, winning an Oscar for his efforts as well as reaching #1 on the U.S. charts and staying there for four weeks, making it the #1 song of 1985 according to Billboard's year-end Hot 100 chart. He also collaborated with Michael Jackson on the charity single "We Are the World" by USA for Africa, another #1 hit.

In 1986, Richie released Dancing on the Ceiling, his last widely popular album, which produced a run of US and UK hits including "Say You, Say Me" (U.S. #1), "Dancing on the Ceiling" (U.S. #2), "Ballerina Girl" (U.S. #7), and "Se La" (U.S. #20), Richie's most recent U.S. Pop Top Twenty hit. The title selection was accompanied by a video directed by Stanley Donen, which drew inspiration from Royal Wedding,^{[citation needed]} a 1951 Fred Astaire film Donen had directed. The critical consensus was that this album represented nothing more than a consolidation of his previous work, though Richie's collaboration with the country group Alabama on "Deep River Woman" did break new ground. By 1987, Richie was exhausted from his work schedule and after a controversial year laid low, taking care of his father in Alabama. His father, Lionel Sr., died in 1990. Richie made his return to recording and performing following the release of his first greatest-hits collection, Back to Front, in 1992.

Since then, his ever-more-relaxed schedule has kept his recording and live work to a minimum. He broke the silence in 1996 with Louder Than Words, on which he resisted any change of style or the musical fashion-hopping of the past decade, sticking instead with his chosen path of well-crafted soul music, which in the intervening years has become known as Contemporary R&B.

Richie's albums in the 1990s such as Louder Than Words and Time failed to match the commercial success of his earlier work. Some of his recent albums, such as Renaissance, have returned to his older style and achieved success in Europe but only modest notice in the United States. Since 2004, he has produced a total of six Top 40 singles in the UK. On March 2011, Richie is to tour Australia next year and is scheduled to perform at several winery events in March 2011.^[6]

Long-lasting popularity and later career[link]

In 2002, Richie's song "Running with the Night" was featured on the Rockstar North video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City though the song was removed from later versions of the game. In 2004, he appeared on Canadian Idol as his songs were featured during a Canadian Idol week.

Later in 2004, he also appeared on the British motoring television series Top Gear in the "Star in a Reasonably Priced Car" segment where he was interviewed by host Jeremy Clarkson. During his lap, the Suzuki Liana he was driving lost a wheel due to hard cornering.

In November 2005, Lionel Richie performed with Kenny Rogers on a CMT Crossroads special. The show gave an informative insight into their friendship both in and out of the music world. Richie was also the headliner at a 2000 Fourth of July tribute concert with Fantasia Barrino at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. On May 7, 2006, Richie performed on the main stage (Acura Stage) at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, replacing Antoine "Fats" Domino, who had fallen ill. Richie released his eighth studio album entitled "Coming Home" on September 12, 2006. The first single of the album was "I Call It Love" and was premiered in July 2006, becoming his biggest hit in the U.S. in ten years. The album was an incredible success for Richie in the United States, peaking at #6. His adopted daughter Nicole Richie stars in the music video for this track.

On December 9, 2006, Richie hosted and performed live on the British television show An Audience with Lionel Richie. Two months later, he performed "Hello" on the 49th Grammy Awards show.

On November 25, 2007, he made a surprise appearance on the Australian Idol grand finale performing "All Night Long (All Night)" at the Sydney Opera House. Richie donated to Barack Obama's 2008 Presidential campaign.

On May 2, 2008, Lionel Richie was the 21st recipient of the George and Ira Gershwin Lifetime Achievement Award at UCLA's annual Spring Sing. In accepting the award, Richie said: "Forget about surviving 30 some odd years in the music business, Lionel Richie survived 27 years of Nicole Richie."^[7]

Recently, he has announced that he would like to get The Commodores back together soon, "or in the next 10 years no one will care."^[8]

On December 31, 2008, Richie performed in Times Square for the New Year's Eve celebration and ball drop. He also performed on the 2009 season finale for American Idol with Danny Gokey.

A new album, Just Go was released in spring 2009 – around the time Lionel confirmed there is to be a Commodores reunion in the near future.

On July 7, 2009, Richie performed "Jesus is Love" at Michael Jackson's memorial service.

On May 30, 2010, Richie performed at the National Memorial Day Concert in Washington D.C., singing "Stuck on You"^[9] and "America the Beautiful."^[10][11][12] Richie himself is from a military family.^[12]

Richie and Guy Sebastian performing "All Night Long" during Richie's 2011 Australian and New Zealand tour.

In Australia on October 2, 2010, Richie performed at the AFL Grand Final Replay in the Pre-game entertainment to a sell out crowd and also post match at AAMI Park.^[13]

Richie returned to Australia in 2011 where he and guest artist Guy Sebastian toured Australia and New Zealand with concert tour dates spread throughout the months of March and April 2011.^[14][15] Richie and Guy Sebastian have recorded Richie's 1983 #1 single "All Night Long" together, to raise money for Australian and New Zealand flood and earthquake relief. Richie handpicked Sebastian to support him in Australia and the pair will perform the song together at each concert.^[16][17]

On March 26, 2012, Richie released Tuskegee, featuring 13 of his hit songs performed as duets with country stars. His duet partners on Tuskegee include Sugarland’s Jennifer Nettles, Jason Aldean, Tim McGraw, Blake Shelton, Darius Rucker, Rascal Flatts, Kenny Chesney, Billy Currington, Little Big Town, Shania Twain, Kenny Rogers, Willie Nelson and Jimmy Buffett. ^[18] In an interview with American Songwriter Magazine, Lionel Richie explained the new duets of his hit songs with, "I’m just gonna stand next to them again with great country artists and hug them."^[19]

Popularity in the Arab world[link]

In recent years, Richie has become a phenomenon in various Arab states,^[20][21] and has performed in Morocco, Dubai, Qatar and Libya.^[22] ABC News said, "Grown Iraqi men get misty-eyed by the mere mention of his name. 'I love Lionel Richie,' they say". They can sing an entire Lionel Richie song. According to Richie, he was told that Iraqi civilians were playing "All Night Long" the night U.S. tanks invaded Baghdad. Richie was against the war, but says he could see a day when he would come and perform in Baghdad. "I would love to be here for that."^[22]

Family[link]

Richie married his college sweetheart, Brenda Harvey, on October 18, 1975. During their marriage, Lionel began a relationship with Diane Alexander in 1986. In 1988 while separated, Brenda allegedly discovered Richie and Alexander together in a Beverly Hills hotel room by saying she was "room service", and breaking in the door. A confrontation ensued and Brenda attacked both Richie and Diane brutally. Brenda was arrested for spousal abuse, trespassing, assault towards Alexander, and vandalism. Richie and Brenda divorced on August 9, 1993, after being married nearly 18 years.^[5]

In 1983 Lionel Richie and his wife, Brenda, informally adopted Nicole Camille Escovedo, the two-year-old daughter of one of the members of Lionel's band. They raised her as their daughter, Nicole Richie, and adopted her legally when she was nine years old. Lionel Richie became a grandfather on January 11, 2008, when Nicole Richie gave birth to a baby girl, Harlow Winter Kate Richie Madden,^{[citation needed]} with the lead singer of Good Charlotte, Joel Madden; and again when she gave birth to Sparrow James Midnight Madden on September 9, 2009.

Richie married Diane Alexander on December 21, 1995.^[5] They have a son, Miles Brockman^[23] (born May 27, 1994),^[5] and a daughter, Sofia (born August 24, 1998). Lionel and Diane Alexander divorced in January 2004.

Genealogy[link]

In 2011 the NBC television program Who Do You Think You Are? did research into Lionel Richie's genealogy and specifically looked at information relating to one of Lionel's great-grandfathers, the father of Lionel's maternal grandmother.^[24]

Lionel's great-grandfather was John Louis Brown (October 25, 1839 - September 8, 1931), the bi-racial (mulatto) possible son of the widowed 81-year-old American-Revolutionary-War-fighter Dr. Morgan Brown or his son, Judge Morgan Welles Brown.^[25] (January 13, 1758 - March 23, 1840).^[26] His mother was one of Dr. Morgan Brown's slaves Mariah, who in his father's final years on his farm in Tennessee was his live-in housekeeper and nurse. Born a slave just like his mother, the baby John Louis Brown's ownership passed to his father/much-older half-brother Judge Morgan W(elles) Brown (January 1, 1800 - March 7, 1853) after his father's death in 1840, as did the ownership of his mother. Despite attempts by his father Dr. Morgan Brown to free both John Louis and his mother Mariah in his will that had been written before John Louis's birth in 1839, John Louis was never freed. John Louis was, however, educated as per his father Dr. Morgan Brown's wishes in his will, and against the mores and the laws of the time. The educated John Louis became known as "Doc"^[27] and he took the Brown surname. After the death of his father/half-brother in 1853 John Louis's ownership had stayed within the family and he remained known as the slave of Morgan W. Brown even though Judge Morgan Welles Brown was deceased.^[27][28] John Louis then served as the slave, non-combatant,^[29] personal-body-servant to his older nephew John Claiborne Thompson (April 3, 1828 - February 2, 1872), the son of his deceased half-sister Elizabeth Little Brown (February 2, 1792 - December 10, 1854), during John Claiborne Thompson's 12 months of service from May 1861 to May 1862 in the American Civil War, as evidenced by John Louis's application for a pension late in life.^[27][30] It has been recorded that John Louis was wounded during the war, and that “He bore dispatches to Felix Zollicoffer and performed many other duties of service and responsibility.”^[27]

As an emancipated slave, in the 1880s and early 1890s John Louis Brown became a Supreme Grand Archon (national leader) of the Knights of the Wise Men, a fraternal organization that gave support and insurance to the African-American community. He is also credited with writing the rules, laws, and regulations for the group. The Knights of the Wise Men was a precursor to the later civil rights movement.

In a declaration to the court in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1832 John Louis Brown's father, Dr. Morgan Brown, claimed to have "a large family bible now in my possession, with the names of my ancestors from their first landing in America in the month of 1638."^[31] This suggests that John Louis Brown's ancestors were among the early European settlers of what became the United States of America. This family bible may have belonged to the family of his ancestor Edward Browne who in 1668 in Maryland, Virginia married Sarah Williams, the daughter of Morgan Williams^[32] (there were at least five people called Morgan Williams who immigrated to Virginia between 1639 and 1650).^[33] This Edward Browne is possibly the son of an Edward Browne Snr. and his wife Ellinor. Edward Browne Snr. appears to have arrived in Virginia in 1637 (after being sponsored by a John Brodwell).^[33][34]

Lionel Richie's maternal grandmother, Adelaide Mary Brown (January 19, 1893 - November 30, 1996), was John Louis Brown's only known child. She was fathered from his marriage on April 6, 1890 at the age of 50 to the bi-racial teenage Volenderver Towson. The marriage floundered in the early 1890s during the period that the Knights of the Wise Men folded after suffering financially from the payment of many death benefits after a smallpox epidemic in 1891, and the treasurer soon after apparently disappearing with the remaining funds. A divorce was granted on July 28, 1897. The only other marriage that is known about was a marriage before 1924 to "a middle aged coloured woman who is trying to run him off from home". He was a proud man, who despite falling upon hard times was refusing to go to the poor house.^[27] In his last years John Louis worked as a caretaker at Pleasant Gardens Cemetery, in the city of Chattanooga where the Knights of the Wise Men had been based. After dying of pneumonia at the age of 93, and he was buried there in the paupers' section.^[35][36]

Breast cancer activist[link]

Richie helped to raise over $3.1 million for the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. He was the featured performer at the Foundation's Soirée Bouquet, the annual spring gala.

Richie told the crowd that his grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer in her 80s, but survived and lived until she was 103 years old. He stated that she was his enduring symbol of hope and his reason for becoming a breast cancer activist.^[37]

In popular culture[link]

Richie in March 2012.

• Argentine-born soccer superstar, Lionel Messi, was named after Richie.^[38]
• Richie appeared in NBC's Who Do You Think You Are? on March 4, 2011, and found out his great-grandfather was the national leader of an early African-American fraternal organization.^[24]

• The Hong Kong veteran actor Yeung Chak Lam who acted in many kungfu dramas has been dubbed the "Lionel Richie" of Hong Kong as he resembles the latter a lot.

Discography[link]

• Lionel Richie (1982)
• Can't Slow Down (1983)
• Dancing on the Ceiling (1986)
• Louder Than Words (1996)
• Time (1998)
• Renaissance (2000)
• Just for You (2004)
• Coming Home (2006)
• Just Go (2009)
• Tuskegee (2012)

Filmography[link]

• 1977: Scott Joplin (w/ The Commodores)
• 1978: Thank God It's Friday (w/ The Commodores)
• 1990: Running with the Night
• 1991: Truth or Dare (documentary)
• 1996: The Preacher's Wife
• 1998: Pariah
• 2007: The Simpsons (episode He Loves to Fly and He D'ohs)
• 2011: Who Do You Think You Are?
• 2011: Lionel Richie: Dancing On the Ceiling (Part of the BBC4 documentary series, Black Music Legends of the 1980s)

See also[link]

	Book: Lionel Richie
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

	Biography portal
	United States portal

• List of best-selling music artists
• List of best-selling music artists in the United States

References and notes[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Lionel Richie at the Internet Movie Database
• Lionel Richie interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' 03/09
• Baghdad's Lionel Richie Obsession
• NPR profile
• Listen to Lionel Richie talk to David Jensen on UK radio station, Capital Gold (October 2006)
• The Rude Awakening – Lionel Richie in Stuido (sic) on YouTube
• Lionel Richie Interview in SPIN's February Issue
• Lionel Richie Interview – Celebrity Scribe

v t e Lionel Richie Studio albums Lionel Richie (1982) Can't Slow Down (1983) Dancing on the Ceiling (1986) Louder Than Words (1996) Time (1998) Renaissance (2000) Just for You (2004) Coming Home (2006) Just Go (2009) Tuskegee (2012) Live albums Encore (2002) Compilation albums Back to Front (1992) Truly: The Love Songs (1997) The Definitive Collection (2007) Singles "Endless Love" (with Diana Ross) (1981) "Truly" (1982) "You Are" (1983) "My Love" (1983) "All Night Long (All Night)" (1983) "Running with the Night" (1983) "Hello" (1984) "Stuck on You" (1984) "Penny Lover" (1984) "Say You, Say Me" (1985) "Dancing on the Ceiling" (1986) "Love Will Conquer All" (1986) "Ballerina Girl" (1986) "Deep River Woman" (1987) "Se La" (1987) "Do It to Me" (1992) "My Destiny" (1992) "I Call It Love" (2006) "Why" (2006) "All Around the World" (2007) "Just Go" (2009) "Endless Love" (with Shania Twain) (2012) "Say You, Say Me" (with Rasmus Seebach) (2012) Related articles Discography Commodores Book:Lionel Richie

v t e Commodores Walter Orange William King J.D. Nicholas Lionel Richie Thomas McClary Ronald LaPread Milan Williams Sheldon Reynolds Harold Hudson Skyler Jett Albums Machine Gun (1974) Caught in the Act (1975) Movin' On (1975) Hot on the Tracks (1976) Commodores (1977) Natural High (1978) Midnight Magic (1979) Heroes (1980) In the Pocket (1981) Commodores 13 (1983) Nightshift (1985) United (1986) Rock Solid (1988) Commodores Christmas (1992) No Tricks (1993) Singles "Slippery When Wet" (1975) "Just to Be Close to You" (1976) "Easy" (1977) "Brick House" (1977) "Too Hot ta Trot" (1978) "Three Times a Lady" (1978) "Sail On" (1979) "Still" (1979) "Lady (You Bring Me Up)" (1981) "Oh No" (1981) "Nightshift" (1985) "Take It From Me" (1987) Categories Albums Songs Book:Commodores