Ralph P. Tester was an administrator at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II.^[1] He founded and supervised a section named the Testery for breaking TUNNY (a Fish cipher).

Background[link]

The Lorenz cipher machine had twelve wheels, and was resultantly most advanced, complex, faster and far more secure than the three-wheeled Enigma. Lorenz was used to encipher top-secret messages between German Army H.Q. in Berlin, and the top generals and field-marshals on all fronts, including Adolf Hitler himself.

Career[link]

Before World War II, Tester was an accountant who had worked extensively in Germany and as a result was very familiar with the German language and culture.^[2] He held a senior position in the accountancy division of Unilever.^[3]

On the outbreak of war, he worked for the BBC Monitoring Service which listened in to German public radio broadcasts.^[4]

Bletchley Park[link]

Recruited to Bletchley Park, and during early 1942 was the head of a small group working on a double Playfair cipher used by German military police.^[5] Testery set up in July 1942 under Major Ralph Tester and the three other original founding members, cryptographers and linguists were: Capt. Jerry Roberts, Peter Ericasson and Maj. Denis Oswald, all four had fluent German. The Testery used hand methods working on a German hand cipher to break messages enciphered on TUNNY Fish (cryptography) traffic. Messages broken by hand reached 1.5 million places within one year of its foundation. To War’s end by May 1945, the Testery eventually had grown to nine cryptographers, total staff 118 organised in three shifts.

A former Testery senior codebreaker and shift leader Jerry Roberts, recalls that, "The imperturbable, pipe-smoking Tester spoke fluent German, but did not pretend to be a codebreaker. The atmosphere in his unit was always positive and friendly, and the personnel were well selected—Tester seemed to find the right niche for everybody. Thanks to Tester's influence the work of the Testery was very well organised."^[3]

Towards the end of the European war, Tester was part of a TICOM team, a mission sent to Germany to discover information about their communications technology, including TUNNY machines.^[6]

After the war, Tester returned to Unilever.^[7]

References[link]

Alan Tudyk
Tudyk at the 2005 Flanvention
Born	Alan Wray Tudyk (1971-03-16) March 16, 1971 (age 41) El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	Since 1997

Alan Wray Tudyk (born March 16, 1971) is an American actor known for his roles as Hoban "Wash" Washburne in the science fiction/western television series Firefly and movie Serenity, Simon in the British comedy Death at a Funeral, as Steve the Pirate in DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, as Sonny in the science fiction drama I, Robot, as Doc Potter in 3:10 to Yuma, as Tucker in Tucker & Dale vs Evil and as Alpha in Dollhouse. He currently co-stars on the ABC sitcom Suburgatory.

Personal life[link]

Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas, the son of Betty Loyce (née Wiley) and Timothy Nicholas Tudyk. He is of Polish and English descent^[1] and was raised in the Dallas suburb of Plano, Texas,^[2] where he attended Plano Senior High School. Tudyk studied drama at the Methodist-affiliated Lon Morris College in Jacksonville, Texas where he won the Academic Excellence award for drama. While in college, he played Beaver Smith in an eastern New Mexico summer stock theater production of Billy the Kid. Tudyk entered Juilliard but left in 1996 before earning a degree.

Career[link]

Film[link]

In 2000, Tudyk played Gerhardt, a homosexual German drug addict, alongside Sandra Bullock and Viggo Mortensen in 28 Days.

Tudyk played Wat in 2001's A Knight's Tale, as well as Steve the Pirate in the 2004 comedy Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story and the emotional robot Sonny in I, Robot. In 2005, he reprised his role as the playful, easy-going Hoban "Wash" Washburne in the film Serenity, derived from the cult television series Firefly by Joss Whedon.^[3] The film showed the charcters death to fans shock. In 2007, he had a supporting role as a strong-willed doctor in the western film 3:10 to Yuma alongside Christian Bale and Russell Crowe along with a brief but memorable role in the film Knocked Up and a highly physical comedic performance in the British film Death at a Funeral. Tudyk starred as Tucker in the indie horror comedy Tucker & Dale vs Evil.^[4] He also appears in Transformers: Dark of the Moon as Dutch.^[5]

In 2011, Tudyk joined Timur Bekmambetov's Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter in the role of Stephen A. Douglas.^[6] In Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked, he voiced Simone (a reckless French accent speaking Chipmunk, the result after Simon was bitten by a spider).

Broadway[link]

In 1999, Tudyk made his Broadway debut in Epic Proportions. He was also in Wonder of the World, The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told, Misalliance, Oedipus and Bunny Bunny.^[7] In 2005, Tudyk filled in for Hank Azaria's roles in Spamalot from June to December, and starred in a limited run of Prelude to a Kiss on Broadway.

Television[link]

Among Tudyk's better known roles was the playful, easy-going Hoban "Wash" Washburne in the television series Firefly by Joss Whedon.^[3] Although the series ran for only one season, Universal Studios bought the rights to the show and turned it into a film, Serenity, in which he reprised the role. He did a few voices from Make way for Noddy^[8]

Tudyk appeared as the cult leader, Father, in a two part episode of Strangers With Candy entitled "Blank Stare." Among several guest spots on popular shows such as Arrested Development, he played a convicted pedophile on a popular episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. Tudyk was cast as a special guest star in Joss Whedon's Dollhouse.^[2] The show featured people whose personalities had been erased, with Tudyk portraying Alpha, a former "active" who accidentally downloaded 48 separate personalities. Alpha served as the main antagonist of the series' first season, with guest appearances in the show's second season. Tudyk also guest starred in three episodes of ABC's modern remake of the television miniseries V. Tudyk provided the voice of superhero Green Arrow in the animated series Young Justice.^[9] He is co-starring in the ABC comedy series Suburgatory.^[10]

Video games[link]

Tudyk plays the voice of a Marine in the Xbox 360 game Halo 3. He is joined by his Firefly co-stars Adam Baldwin and Nathan Fillion who both voice Marines. All three actors are given personalities in the game matching those of their characters from Firefly. Tudyk made an appearance in Halo 3: ODST as the character "Mickey", an elite ODST (Orbital Drop Shock Trooper) who is part of the player character's squad as they try to escape a city invaded by the Covenant.

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alan Tudyk

• Alan Tudyk at the Internet Movie Database
• Alan Tudyk at the Internet Broadway Database
• Star to Fill in for Azaria on Monty Python's Spamalot During Actor's Hiatus, from the Playbill website
• Alan Tudyk at FEARnet

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Ralph Maltby is a leading golf club designer. He has designed clubs for Tommy Armour, but now designs clubs under his own labels such as Maltby, Toski, CER and Distance Master. He was also the creator of the Maltby Playability Factor.

Background Ralph began his career designing and engineering for a number of major golf equipment manufacturers. In 1976, Mr. Maltby founded the GolfWorks and has been manufacturing and distribution golf clubs, machines, gauges, tools, and supplies worldwide to golf club repair shops, golf professionals, manufacturers, custom clubmakers, and do-it-yourselfers. In 2006 Mr. Maltby sold the GolfWorks to Golf Galaxy. He is still actively involved with golf equipment testing, further advancing golf club design technology, and improving methods for fitting golf clubs to the individuals. He spends most of his time in a state of the art golf club research and development studio doing this work and where he also produces educational videos on many golf club equipment related subjects.

Ralph created the Maltby Playability Factor club rating system, through which he has tested and rated the performance of more than 1000 golf clubs. He has published seven books, secured multiple patents and lectured at more than 250 PGA Business Schools. Ralph has released a wide range of instructional videos and is a frequent guest on The Golf Channel.

Today, he continues to research golf club technologies. In 1991 he was listed by Golf Digest magazine as one of the 36 most powerful men in golf.^{[citation needed]} He is highly noted by The Professional Clubmakers Society as being one of the most influential designers and people in the custom fitting and golf industry.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

• Maltby, Ralph. The Complete Golf Club Fitting Plan 2nd ed.

• Maltby, Ralph. The Golf Club Assembly Manual 3rd ed.

• Maltby, Ralph. Golf Club Design, Fitting, Alteration and Repair 4th ed.

• Maltby, Ralph. Golf Club Repair in Pictures 4th ed.

• Maltby, Ralph. How Golf Clubs Affect Your Ability to Score 2nd ed.

• Maltby, Ralph. The Maltby Playability Factor Irons: Understanding Golf Club Dynamics

• Maltby, Ralph. The Professionals Dynamic Club Fitting Manual

External links[link]

• RalphMaltby.com