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A bobby sock is a type of sock that was especially fashionable in the 1940s and 1950s. Bobby socks had thick uppers that were turned down to form sort of a thick cuff at ankle height. They were sometimes worn by girls as part of a school uniform. They were popular to wear with saddle shoes, loafers, or Oxfords.

They periodically come back into fashion when people develop nostalgia for this period in history. Many sock stores carry bobby socks, and they can also be ordered through specialty suppliers and uniform companies, or knitted by hand, for people who are familiar with knitting socks.

In addition to being ankle length, bobby socks are also typically ornamented with a layer of lace or other material. The tops of the socks may be designed to fold down to showcase decorative materials, and it is not uncommon to see a bow or similar ornament on the back of the sock. Traditionally, bobby socks are plain white, but patterned and colored versions are available in many regions of the world.

The term “bobby socks” appears to date to around 1927, right around the period when it became fashionable and acceptable for women to display their ankles. The “bobby” in “bobby socks” is a bit of an enigmatic figure, as there is no clear explanation for the origins of the name. Some researchers have suggested that it may be related to the “bobby pin” which was in vogue during the same period.

Various types of loafers and Oxford shoes are classically worn with bobby socks, so that the socks can be clearly seen. Women tend to wear skirts with these socks, often choosing full skirts which will flare out with movement, although it is acceptable to wear slacks with this sock style. The bobby sock is generally not acceptable for wear in the workplace, as it is regarded as a casual style, although if the socks are largely obscured by long skirts or slacks, this may not be an issue.

Some schools include bobby socks as a uniform option for their girls. Girls may choose to wear bobby socks to have an opportunity for more personal expression in a school with a strict dress or uniform code, or because the socks are more comfortable to wear. Because of the common use of bobby socks in school uniforms, plain versions of these socks are often readily available from companies which supply school uniforms and accessories, although women with large feet may not be able to fit into uniform socks, as they are designed for girls.

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Frankie Avalon
Avalon in 1976.
Born	Francis Thomas Avallone (1939-09-18) September 18, 1939 (age 72)[1] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Occupation	Singer, actor
Years active	1951–present
Spouse	Kathryn Diebel (m. 1963) «start: (1963)»"Marriage: Kathryn Diebel to Frankie Avalon" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Frankie_Avalon)

Frankie Avalon (born September 18, 1939)^[1] is an American actor, singer, playwright, and former teen idol.

Career[link]

By the time he was 12, Avalon was on U.S. television playing his trumpet. As a teenager he played with Bobby Rydell in Rocco and the Saints. In 1959, "Venus" (5 weeks #1) and "Why" went to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. "Why" was the last #1 of the 1950s. Avalon had 31 charted U.S. Billboard singles from 1958 to late 1962, including "Just Ask Your Heart" (U.S. #7), "I'll Wait For You" (U.S. #15), "Bobby Sox to Stockings" (U.S. #8), and "A Boy Without a Girl" (U.S. #10). Most of his hits were written and/or produced by Bob Marcucci, head of Chancellor Records.

Teamed frequently with Annette Funicello, Avalon starred in a number of popular "beach" comedy movies during the 1960s. The wholesome and romantic coupling of "Frankie and Annette" in summer movies such as Beach Party and Beach Blanket Bingo became iconic figures in American films during that era.

Avalon also had straight dramatic parts in the John Wayne historical western film The Alamo, as well as the science-fiction story Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961) with Barbara Eden.^[2]

Materializing as a character called Teen Angel, his performance of "Beauty School Dropout" in the hit 1978 film of the musical Grease introduced Avalon to a new generation of viewers.

Avalon appeared in nearly two dozen TV episodes, including ABC's The Bing Crosby Show and The Patty Duke Show, appearing often as himself. Later, he became a national television spokesperson for Sonic Drive-In.In 1965 he appeared in the Combat! episode "Brother, Brother" as a childhood friend of Pfc.Kirby, played by Jack Hogan.

The 1980 film The Idolmaker, written by Ed Di Lorenzo and directed by Taylor Hackford, was a thinly-disguised biography of Avalon ("Tommy Dee" in the film) as well as 1950s teenage star Fabian (called "Caesare" in the film), along with songwriter/producer Bob Marcucci (called "Vinnie Vacarri"). In the movie, Dee clashes with the record producer and younger singer Caesare, who he feels threatens his career. Eventually, Dee and Caesare quit the label, but their record careers collapse just as the British Invasion begins. The real Fabian threatened a lawsuit, despite the filmmakers' insistence that the film presented only fictional characters (though Marcucci was a paid consultant). Avalon denied most of the movie's events.

Avalon married Kathryn Diebel on January 19, 1963. She was a former beauty pageant winner, and Avalon met her while playing cards at a friend's house. He told his friend that Kay was the girl he was going to marry. His agent warned Avalon that marriage would spoil his teen idol mystique. Still together, they have eight children - Frankie Jr., Tony, Dina, Laura, Joseph, Nicolas, Kathryn and Carla. They have 10 grandchildren. Frankie Jr. is a drummer and Tony, the second oldest son, plays guitar and teaches at the Rock Nation School. Both sons play on tour with their father.

In 1987 Avalon and Annette Funicello returned to movies with Back to the Beach. In 1989 they also appeared as themselves in cameo roles out jogging the streets in Troop Beverly Hills. Not long afterwards, Funicello was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and retired.

Afterwards, Avalon turned to marketing and created Frankie Avalon Products, a line of health and cosmetic aids. Avalon promotes his products on the Home Shopping Network with host Bob Circosta.

He made a cameo appearance as himself with Robert DeNiro in the 1995 film, Casino.

In recent years, Avalon has starred in stage productions of Grease in the role of Teen Angel and Tony n' Tina's Wedding as a caricature of himself. Additionally, in 2007, he performed "Beauty School Dropout" with the four remaining female contenders (Kathleen Monteleone, Allie Schulz, Ashley Spencer, and winner Laura Osnes) for the role of Sandy on the NBC television reality show Grease: You're the One that I Want!

On April 8, 2009, he performed on American Idol.

Chart hits: 1958-1960[link]

• "Trumpet Sorrento" (1954 instrumental, X label)
• "De De Dinah" (Chancellor 1011) #7 1958
• "You Excite Me" (Chancellor 1016) #49 1958
• "Gingerbread" (Chancellor 1021) #9 1958; #30 UK
• "I'll Wait For You" (Chancellor 1026 #15 (B-side "What Little Girl" reached #79) 1958
• "Venus" (Chancellor 1031) #1 1959; #16 UK
• "Bobby Sox to Stockings" (Chancellor 1036) #8 (B-side "A Boy Without A Girl" reached #10) 1959
• "Just Ask Your Heart" (Chancellor 1040) #7 (B-side "Two Fools" reached #54) 1959
• "Why" (Chancellor 1045) #1 (B-side "Swingin' On A Rainbow" reached #39); 20 UK 1959
• "Don't Throw Away All Those Teardrops" (Chancellor 1048) #22; #37 UK 1960
• "Where Are You" (Chancellor 1052) #32 (B-side "Tuxedo Junction" reached #82) 1960
• "Togetherness" (Chancellor 1056) #26 (B-side "Don't Let Love Pass Me By" reached #85) 1960
• "A Perfect Love" (Chancellor 1065) #47 (B-side "The Puppet Song" reached #56) 1960^[3]

In 1999, Frankie Avalon released a double compilation of various artists labeled Frankie Avalon's Good Guys.^[4]

Legacy[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2011)

He was mentioned in the System of a Down song "Old School Hollywood". The song supposedly is about Daron Malakian's experience in a celebrity baseball game, where he and Avalon were both ignored.^{[citation needed]}

Avalon is also mentioned in "It Takes Two", a song from the hit musical Hairspray, sung by the character Link Larkin, and in a song by the Wu Tang Clan called "The City" which refers to his experiences of being a big part of the beach party film genre ("Ride the wave like Frankie Avalon").

One of numerous obscure cultural references present in Midway's video game Mortal Kombat 3 was a lo-res image of Frankie Avalon's face that would dart up in the lower right-hand corner of the screen when Goro killed his opponent by knocking him into the spike pit on the Bridge level.

His song "Venus" was featured in Cranium Command (1989–2005), an attraction at Epcot's Wonders of Life Pavilion (now closed) at Walt Disney World. In the attraction, a 12-year-old boy named Bobby (Scott Curtis), tries to survive the pressures of life and falls in love with a beautiful girl named Annie (Natalie Gregory) at school.

He and his song "Venus" are mentioned in Wendy Wasserstein's 2005 play Third. The main character, English professor Laurie Jameson, watches a PBS reunion show featuring Avalon singing the song, and sings a line of it to her daughter. In stage productions of the show, part of the song is played and a portion of the supposed PBS special is screened as part of the scenery.

He is also mentioned in Adam Sandler's 2008 comedy, You Don't Mess with the Zohan, for his haircut, which the Zohan (Sandler's character) thinks is the latest hairdo.

He is also numerously referenced in the 1994 film, The Stöned Age, in which he makes an ending scene cameo appearance.

His song "Venus" additionally appeared in season 4 of the TV series Dexter in which John Lithgow's character, Arthur Mitchell, plays it to remember his deceased sister.

Filmography[link]

• Jamboree (1957)
• Alakazam the Great (1960) (voice in English dub)
• Guns of the Timberland (1960)
• The Alamo (1960)
• Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961)
• Sail a Crooked Ship (1961)
• Panic in Year Zero! (1962)
• Operation Bikini (1963)
• The Castilian (1963)
• The Eleventh Hour as Larry Thatcher in episode entitled "A Tumble from a High White House" (1963)
• Drums of Africa (1963)
• Beach Party (1963)
• Muscle Beach Party (1964)
• Bikini Beach (1964)
• Pajama Party (1964)
• Beach Blanket Bingo (1965)
• I'll Take Sweden (1965)
• Ski Party (1965)
• How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (1965)
• Sergeant Dead Head (1965)
• Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine (1965)
• Fireball 500 (1966)
• The Million Eyes of Sumuru (1967)
• Skidoo (1968)
• The Haunted House of Horror (1969)
• The Take (1974)
• Grease (1978)
• Blood Song (1982)
• Back to the Beach (1987)
• Troop Beverly Hills (1989)
• Twist (1992) (documentary)
• The Stoned Age (1994)
• Casino (1995)
• Charlie Gracie Fabulous (2007) (documentary)
• The Wages of Spin (2007) (documentary)
• Mr. Warmth: The Don Rickles Project (2007) (documentary)
• Ikki Goes Hawaiian (2016) - (voice in English dub)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Frankie Avalon Official Website
• Frankie Avalon at the Internet Movie Database
• Frankie Avalon at AllRovi
• Frankie Avalon images, from Google image search
• Frankie Avalon at AllMusic.com
• Film Reference bio

Wally Lewis

Lewis in 2004
Personal information
Full name	Walter James Lewis
Nickname	The King, The Emperor of Lang Park
Born	(1959-12-02) 2 December 1959 (age 52) Hawthorne, Queensland, Australia
Playing information
Height	182 cm (6 ft 0 in)
Weight	95 kg (14 st 13 lb)
Position	Five-eighth, Lock
Club
Years	Team	Pld	T	G	FG	P
1978–1983	Fortitude Valley	135
1983–1984	Wakefield Trinity	10
1984–1987	Wynnum-Manly	76
1988–1990	Brisbane Broncos	46	20	11	0	102
1991–1992	Gold Coast	34	6	3	0	30
	Total	301	26	14	0	132
Representative
Years	Team	Pld	T	G	FG	P
1980–1991	Queensland	31	7	1	2	30
1981–1991	Australia	33	11	0	2	45
Coaching information
Club
Years	Team	Gms	W	D	L	W%
1992–1993	Gold Coast	44	7	1	36	16
Representative
Years	Team	Gms	W	D	L	W%
1993–1994	Queensland	6	2	0	4	33
Source: [1]

Walter James "Wally" Lewis AM (born 1 December 1959^[2] in Hawthorne, Queensland^[3]) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer and coach. Currently a commentator of the sport, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest rugby league players of all time.^[4][5] His time as a player and coach was followed by a career as a newsreader for the Nine Network.

Nicknamed The King and also The Emperor of Lang Park,^[6] Lewis represented Queensland in thirty-one State of Origin games from 1980 to 1991, and was captain for thirty of them. He also represented Australia in thirty-three international matches from 1981 to 1991 and was national team captain from 1984 to 1989. Lewis is perhaps best known for his State of Origin performances, spearheading Queensland's dominance in that competition throughout the 1980s. He has a record eight man of the match awards in Origin football and captained the side a record thirty times.

Lewis has since been inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame and in 1999 he became the sixth member of 'The Immortals'. In 2000, he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in the sport of rugby league.^[7]

In February 2008, Lewis was named in the list of Australia's 100 Greatest Players (1908–2007) which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia.^[8][9] Lewis went on to be named as five-eighth in Australian rugby league's Team of the Century. Announced on 17 April 2008, the team is the panel's majority choice for each of the thirteen starting positions and four interchange players.^[10][11] In June 2008, he was also chosen in the Queensland Rugby League's Team of the Century at five-eighth and captain.^[12]

Early life[link]

Lewis's father, Jimmy, played first grade rugby league at wing or fullback for Brisbane clubs Wests and Souths. He later became coach of the Wynnum-Manly club. His mother, June, was a Queensland representative netball player.^[13] Wally was playing rugby league when he was six years old, usually at Lock forward. In his school days, Lewis also played representative rugby union, touring Europe and Japan with the Australian schoolboys alongside the likes of the Ella brothers and Michael O'Connor in 1977.

Football career[link]

Fortitude Valley[link]

Following his return to Australia, Lewis faced discrimination in the rugby union fraternity due to his rugby league background, and remained in the professional game,^[14] playing in the Brisbane Rugby League premiership with Fortitude Valley from 1978. Lewis turned down an offer to play in New South Wales with the North Sydney club, remaining in Brisbane. In 1979 he made his début for Queensland from the bench and also played for a representative Brisbane side against the touring Great Britain Lions. He then helped Valleys to premiership victory over the Wayne Bennett-coached Souths side in the BRL Grand Final.

Lewis made the run-on side for Queensland in the inaugural State of Origin match in 1980 at Lock forward alongside his hero Arthur Beetson, and had a hand in Queensland's first ever State of Origin try. The following year another State of Origin match was played, and Arthur Beetson pulled out due to injury, instead coaching the side, and handed the captaincy over to 21-year-old Lewis. He also made his début for the Australian national side that year.

In the 1982 State of Origin series Lewis got his first try and his first man-of-the-match award in Origin and later that year toured Great Britain with the undefeated "Invincibles" as vice-captain. In the first and third games of the 1983 State of Origin series he was named man-of-the-match.

Lewis played for English First Division side Wakefield Trinity for a short spell during the 1983–84 Rugby Football League season and he remains a favourite of Trinity fans, who named their fanzine Wally Lewis is Coming. Trinity won 5 of 10 games during Lewis's stay, including a win over St. Helens in which Lewis scored a hat-trick. After his final match on 12 February, Trinity did not win another game and were relegated to the second division.

Wynnum-Manly[link]

Back in Australia, Lewis moved to the Wynnum-Manly club. He gained the national captaincy for the first time and was named player of the series for the 1984 National Panasonic Cup in which he led a Combined Brisbane side to victory over Sydney's Eastern Suburbs club. Lewis was named man-of-the match in the first two games of the 1984 State of Origin series, making it three consecutive Origin man-of-the-match awards. That year, he also won the Brisbane Rugby League premiership's grand final against Souths. The following year, Lewis was awarded the inaugural Golden Boot Award as the world's best international player in 1984.

Lewis was man-of-the-match for Game II of the 1985 State of Origin series and played in Wynnum-Manly's 1985 BRL grand final loss to Souths. The Australian side toured New Zealand that year, winning the test series 2-1. The following year his team won the 1986 BRL grand final against Brothers 14-6 before becoming the first Queenslander since Tom Gorman in 1929, to be named as captain for a Kangaroo tour. Following the successful 1986 Kangaroo tour, former Australian coach Terry Fearnley wrote an article for Rugby League Week that was highly critical of Lewis' captaincy.^[15]

In 1987 Lewis was honoured as a Member of the Order of Australia "for service to rugby league football". Also that year King Wally, a biography of Lewis written by Adrian McGregor was published.^[16]

Brisbane Broncos[link]

Several New South Wales Rugby League premiership clubs had attempted to lure Wally Lewis south during the 1980s, including Manly-Warringah which came closest to contracting him in 1986, but he signed with the Brisbane Broncos as inaugural captain of the side upon their inception in 1988. Lewis was the Broncos' top try-scorer in their first season and also later had the honour of scoring the club's first hat-trick.

During the season Lewis was awarded the Harry Sunderland Medal as Australia's player of the 1988 Ashes series. At the end of the season he captained Australia to victory over New Zealand in the final of the 1985 - 1988 Rugby League World Cup.

Lewis won another man-of-the-match award in the second game of the 1989 State of Origin series.

After two seasons with the Broncos, coach Wayne Bennett controversially sacked Lewis as club captain and gave the role to centre, Gene Miles. Miles had retired from representative football, and Bennett hoped he could remove the team's reliance on Lewis. In another blow for the King, Lewis was moved from his favoured five-eighth position to Lock forward to make way for new Canberra signing and Ipswich product Kevin Walters. Controversy reared in the 1990 semi-final victory over Manly-Warringah when Bennett left Lewis on the bench, even though Lewis was desperate to prove his fitness before the upcoming Kangaroo Tour, which he was eventually ruled out of.^{[citation needed]} At the end of the 1990 season, due to salary cap restrictions, Lewis was not made a large enough offer to keep him at the Broncos, with Bennett citing the need to retain younger talent.^[17]

Gold Coast Seagulls and Coaching[link]

Following the souring of his relationship with the Broncos, Lewis was still unwilling to move south and in 1991, he joined the Gold Coast Seagulls as captain. He won his eighth and last man-of-the-match award in the first game of the State of Origin series that year before playing both his last match for Queensland and Australia by the end of the season. He captained and coached Gold Coast during the 1992 NSWRL season but again finished the season in last place. In their final match under Lewis as captain-coach, the Gold Coast defeated Penrith, thus denying the Panthers a place in the finals play-offs. The following year he stopped playing but continued coaching the Seagulls, but departed after a third consecutive wooden spoon. In his time coaching Seagulls, the club had won just 7 games out of 44 played, losing the last 16 in a row.^[18]

Lewis also coached the Queensland State of Origin side in 1993 and 1994 but never won a series.

Legacy[link]

Wally Lewis is remembered for his creative, playmaking football and great on-field confrontations, most notably one in the 1991 State of Origin series with Mark Geyer. Years before that his and Brett Kenny's likenesses were put onto the State of Origin winner's shield. The Wally Lewis Medal has been awarded to the Queensland player of the series in State of Origin from 1992 to 2003. Since 2004, it has been awarded to the player of the series from either side.

A bronze statue of Wally was raised at the entrance to Lang Park. The statue text reads:

WALLY LEWIS
The Emperor of Lang Park

This honour was bestowed upon Wally Lewis by the former Chairman of the Queensland Rugby League, Senator and acclaimed father of State of Origin, the late Ron McAullife, in recognition of the impact Wally had on matches played at this ground across three decades. Lewis is arguably the greatest rugby league player of all time. He is one of only a handful of players to be named a Rugby League Immortal and was one of the six inaugural members of the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He achieved the greatest honour in Rugby League: the captaincy of his country, but it was his feats as Queensland skipper and playmaker in State of Origin that he achieved legendary status. He played 31 Origin games (30 as captain) and a record 8 Man of the Match awards over a 12-year period. The name Wally Lewis is synonymous with State of Origin and Queensland Rugby League and continues to be an inspiration to future generations of footballers.

Wally Lewis has also appeared in numerous advertisements during and after his football playing career. Examples include promotions for XXXX beer and Burger King.

During the 2007 season at the Broncos' 20-year anniversary celebration, the club announced a list of the 20 best players to play for them to date which included Lewis.^[19]

In December 2009 Lewis was inducted into the Queensland Sports Hall of Fame.^[20]

Quotes[link]

• "Lewis has to be number one because he’s the only bloke who dominated the game at the highest level, in State of Origin, over a long period."^[21] Ray Warren, Australian sports commentator
• "Certainly he's the best I've ever seen in the rugby codes, and my memory goes back to Raper and Gasnier, Catchpole and Hawthorne."^[22] Peter Meares, Australian sports commentator and writer.
• "Lewis is the greatest player at representative level I've seen – and I've seen some great players, I was there when Gas and Chook were at the end of their careers."^[23] Arthur Beetson, former Australian national team coach
• "...all great players, but I haven't seen anyone step past or ahead of Wally Lewis. You've got the right bloke in at No. 1."^[24] Steve Mortimer, former New South Wales captain.

Away from football[link]

Lewis is well known as a big fan of The Phantom comic series.^[25]

Following his retirement from the sport, Lewis focussed more on his career as a sports presenter for Channel Nine's National Nine News in his home town of Brisbane.

During the nightly news broadcast of 16 November 2006, Lewis previewed the sports segment but was not onscreen when the program returned from the commercial break, with newsreader Bruce Paige instead presenting the sports segment. A similar event occurred two weeks later, on 30 November, when Lewis appeared onscreen and began to read the autocue, saying "Good evening" before seeming distressed. A scheduled report was then played, with Paige delivering the rest of the bulletin. Following these events, Lewis was given medical leave for the rest of the year.^[26] The following night, Lewis revealed that he suffered from epilepsy. Lewis has revealed in his book that his on-air disorientation was caused by the condition.^[27]

However, it is still not known when Lewis will return as sports presenter, as he is due to have tests and treatment for epilepsy after years of hiding his condition from his family.^[28]

Lewis was not expected to make a return as a TV reporter until 29 January but delivered a flawless report alongside new sports presenter Steve Haddan.^{[citation needed]}

Lewis is quoted as saying that "People come and ask me now about things (from his rugby league career) and I just don't remember them at all – that's absolutely frightening."^[6]

Lewis said he wanted to work with epilepsy organisations and raise awareness about the condition.^[6] He is also the vice patron of the Hear and Say Centre,^[29] becoming involved with the charity organisation after his daughter, Jamie-Lee, was born profoundly deaf.^{[citation needed]}

On 21 February 2007, Lewis underwent brain surgery to help his epilepsy at Austin Hospital in Melbourne. The surgery was reported as a success by Gavin Fabinyi, Director of Neurosurgery.^[30] He has since made a full recovery.

Wally's son, Lincoln Lewis, recently started as a full time actor on the Seven Network television drama, Home and Away, winning a TV Week Logie Award for best male new talent.

Wally Lewis has continued providing commentary for NRL matches involving Queensland-based teams for the Nine Network and has recently completed his biography "Out of the Shadows: A Champion's Return to the Spotlight".

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• McGregor, Adrian (2004). Wally Lewis: Forever the King. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-3434-6, 9780702234347. http://books.google.com/?id=VfqlAAAACAAJ. 
• McGregor, Adrian (1993). Wally Lewis. Tandem Press. ISBN 0-908884-35-4, 9780908884353. http://books.google.com/?id=xNrUAAAACAAJ. 
• McGregor, Adrian (1989). Wally and the Broncos. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-2182-1, 9780702221828. http://books.google.com/?id=uRehAAAACAAJ. 
• Lewis, Wally (2009). Out of the Shadows: A Champion's Return to the Spotlight. HarperCollins Publishers Australia. ISBN 0-7322-8880-0, 9780732288808. http://books.google.com/?id=v7LLPgAACAAJ&dq=out+of+the+shadow+wally+lewis&cd=1. 

External links[link]

• Wally Lewis biography at Sport Australia Hall of Fame
• Wally Lewis profile at National Nine News
• Wally Lewis at eraofthebiff.com
• Wally Lewis at rl1908.com
• Wally Lewis interview at abc.net.au
• Wally Lewis at rugbyleagueproject.org
• Queensland Team of the Century named – article at nz.leagueunlimited.com