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Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda, Warsaw (Poland), April 2008
Born	(1926-03-06) 6 March 1926 (age 86) Suwałki, Poland
Alma mater	National Film School in Łódź
Occupation	Film director, producer, screenwriter
Years active	1951-present
Spouse	Gabriela Obremba Zofia Żuchowska Beata Tyszkiewicz Krystyna Zachwatowicz
Awards
Website
www.wajda.pl/en/Default.html

Andrzej Wajda (Polish pronunciation: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; born 6 March 1926) is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School" (active c. 1955 to 1963). He is known especially for a trilogy of war films: A Generation (1954), Kanał (1956) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).

Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975),^[1] The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981), and Katyń (2007).

Early life[link]

Wajda was born in Suwałki, Poland, the son of Aniela (née Biaxowas), a school teacher, and Jakub Wajda, an army officer.^[2] Wajda' father was murdered by the Soviets in 1940 in what came to be known as the Katyn massacre. In 1942 he joined the Polish resistance and served in the Armia Krajowa. After the war, he studied to be a painter at Kraków's Academy of Fine Arts before entering the Łódź Film School.

Career[link]

After Wajda's apprenticeship to director Aleksander Ford, Wajda was given the opportunity to direct his own film. With A Generation (1955), the first-time director poured out his disillusionment over jingoism, using as his alter ego a young, James Dean-style antihero played by Zbigniew Cybulski, 22-year-old Roman Polanski also featured. At the same time Andrzej Wajda began his work as a director in theatre, including such as Michael V. Gazzo's Hatful of Rain (1959), Hamlet (1960), and Two for the Seesaw (1963) by William Gibson. Wajda made two more increasingly accomplished films, which developed further the anti-war theme of A Generation: Kanał (1956) [Silver Palm at Cannes Festival in 1957, ex equo with Bergman's The Seventh Seal and Ashes and Diamonds (1958), again with Cybulski.

While capable of turning out mainstream commercial fare (often dismissed as "trivial" by his critics), Wajda was more interested in works of allegory and symbolism, and certain symbols (such as setting fire to a glass of liquor, representing the flame of youthful idealism that was extinguished by the war) recur often in his films, the very characteristic of Wajda's symbolism is film Lotna (1959), full of surrealistic and symbolic scenes and shots but he managed to explore some other field of existence making new wave style Innocent Sorcerers (1960) with music by Krzysztof Komeda, starring Roman Polanski and Jerzy Skolimowski (who was also a co-script writer) in the episodes. Then Wajda directed Samson (1961), a moving story about Jacob, a Jewish boy, who wants to survive during the Nazi occupation of Poland. In the mid-1960s Wajda showed the world an epic film The Ashes (1965) based on the novel by Polish writer Stefan Żeromski and directed some films abroad: Love at Twenty (1962), Siberian Lady Macbeth (1962) or Gates To Paradise (1968).

In 1967, Cybulski was killed in a train accident, whereupon the director articulated his grief with what is considered one of his most personal films, which turned out to be a touching story (using techique "film in film") about film maker's life and work on movie Everything for Sale (1968) whis is now established and regarded as one of the few films on that subject along with Federico Fellini's "8½". The following year he directed an ironic satire Hunting Flies with the script written by Janusz Głowacki and a television film based upon Stanisław Lem's short story "Roly Poly".

The 1970s were the most lucrative artistic period for Wajda,who has made over ten films, some of them became one of his finest works like Landscape After the Battle (1970), Pilate And others (1971), The Wedding (1972) - the film version of Polish most famous poetic drama by Stanisław Wyspiański, The Promised Land (1974), Man of Marble (1976) - the film takes place in two time periods, the first film showing the episodes of Stalinism in Poland, The Shadow Line (1976), Rough treatment (the other title: Without Anesthesia) (1978), The Orchestra Conductor (1980), starring John Gielgud; or two, very touching, psychological and existential films based upon novels by Polish famous writer Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz - The Birch Wood (1970) and The Maids of Wilko (1979).

Wajda continued to work in theatre where he has made his best spectacles, including Play Strindberg, Dostoyevsky's The Possessed and Nastasja Filippovna - the Wajda's version of The Idiot, November Night by Wyspiański, The Immigrants by Sławomir Mrożek, The Danton Affair or The Dreams of Reason.

Wajda's later commitment to Poland's burgeoning Solidarity movement was manifested with Man of Iron (1981), a sort of thematic sequel to The Man of Marble, with Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa appearing as himself in the latter film. The director's involvement in this movement would prompt the Polish government to force Wajda's production company out of business. For the film, Wajda won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1983 he directed Danton, starring Gérard Depardieu in the title role, a film set in 1794 (Year Two) dealing with the Post-Revolutionary Terror. Wajda showed how easy revolution can change into terror and starts to "eat its own children". For this film Wajda was honoured by receiving the very prestigious Louis Delluc Award, he also gained a couple of Cesar Awards. In the 1980s he also made some important films like A Love in Germany (1983) featuring Hanna Schygulla, The Chronicle of Amorous Incidents (1986) an adaptation of Tadeusz Konwicki's novel and The Possessed (1988) based on Dostoyevsky's novel, in which it is shown how terrorism begins. In theatre he prepared a very famous interpretation of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment (1984) and other unique spectacles such as Antygone, his sequential Hamlet versions or an old Jewish play The Dybbuk.

Andrzej Wajda (center) in 1970

Since 1989[link]

In 1990 Andrzej Wajda was honoured as the third director, after Federico Fellini and Ingmar Bergman by Felix ^{[disambiguation needed ]} - European Film Award for his lifetime achievement. In the early 1990s, he was elected a senator and also appointed artistic director of Warsaw's Teatr Powszechny. He continued to make films set during World War II, including Korczak (1990), a story about a Jewish-Polish doctor who takes care of orphan children, in The Crowned-Eagle Ring (1993) and Holy Week (1995) specifically on Jewish-Polish relations. In 1994 Wajda presented his own film version of Dostoyevsky's novel The Idiot in the movie Nastasja,starring Japanese actor Tamasoburo Bando in double role of Prince Mishkin and Nasstasya, the film was beautifully photographed by Pawel Edelman, who became one of Wajda's great co-workers since that time. In 1996 the director went in a different direction with Miss Nobody, a coming-of-age drama that explored the darker and more spiritual aspects of a relationship between three high-school girls. In 1999 Wajda presented a great epic film Pan Tadeusz, based on the art of the Polish 19th-century romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz.

A year later, at the 2000 Academy Awards, Wajda was presented with an honorary Oscar for his contribution to world cinema; he subsequently donated the award to Kraków's Jagiellonian University.

In 2002 Wajda directed the comedy Revenge, a film version of his 1980s theatre production, with Roman Polanski in one of the main roles. In February 2006, Wajda received an honorary Golden Bear for lifetime achievement at the Berlin International Film Festival. In 2007 Katyń was released, a well received film about the Katyn massacre, in which Wajda's father was murdered but the director also shows the dramatic situation of those who await for their relatives (mothers, wives and children). The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar in 2008. Wajda followed it with Tatarak (Sweet Rush - 2009) with Krystyna Janda as a main character. It is partly based upon Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz short novel, there is also very important fragment taken from Janda's private life. Sweet Rush turns to be a sort of deep, calm and melancholic meditation about death and love. The film is dedicated to Edward Kłosiński, Janda's husband, a cinematographer and a long-time Andrzej Wajda's friend and co-worker who died of cancer the same year. For this film Andrzej Wajda was awarded by Alfred Bauer Prize at The Berlin Film Festival in 2009, recently he also got critics prize - Prix FIPRESCI during European Film Awards Ceremony. Currently Wajda is working on his latest film which would be the biography of Lech Wałęsa and the script has been written by Janusz Głowacki.

Andrzej Wajda has founded The Japanese Centre of Art and Technology "Manggha" in Krakow/Cracow (1994) and has also founded (2002) (along with great Polish film maker Wojciech Marczewski) and leads his own film school [1] in which students take part in different film courses led by famous European film makers.

Analysis[link]

A major figure of world and European cinema after World War II, Wajda made his reputation as a sensitive and uncompromising chronicler of his country's political and social evolution. Once dubbed a symbol for a besieged country, Wajda is known for drawing from Poland's history to suit his tragic sensibility—crafting an oeuvre of work that devastates even as it informs.

Andrzej Wajda's films have a strong visual side, he sometimes made his own versions of Polish and European paintings and he also thinks by the images. He tries to give the right mood and atmosphere of times in which he sets the action and he refers to the paintings of that time as well. He has worked with Polish cinematographers such as Jerzy Lipman, Jerzy Wójcik, Witold Sobociński, Edward Kłosiński, Zygmunt Samosiuk, Sławomir Idziak or Paweł Edelman, he also cooperated with Igor Luther or Robby Muller.

Personal life[link]

Wajda has been married four times. His third wife was popular actress Beata Tyszkiewicz with whom he has a daughter Karolina (born 1967). His fourth and current wife is theatre costume designer, and actress Krystyna Zachwatowicz.

Filmography[link]

Awards[link]

Man of Iron won the Palme d'Or at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. Four of Wajda's works (The Promised Land, The Maids of Wilko, Man of Iron, and Katyń ) have been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 2000, Wajda received an honorary Oscar from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, as another Pole who received the Award after Warner Bros., Leopold Stokowski, Bronisław Kaper, Zbigniew Rybczyński, Janusz Kamiński, Allan Starski, Ewa Braun, Roman Polanski or Jan A. P. Kaczmarek.

The Orchestra Conductor was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival, where Andrzej Seweryn won the Silver Bear for Best Actor.^[3] In 1988, his film Les Possédés was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 38th Berlin International Film Festival.^[4] In 1996, his film Wielki tydzień won the Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.^[5] The following year, his film Miss Nobody won an Honourable Mention at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.^[6]

See also[link]

	Film portal
	Biography portal
	Poland portal

• Cinema of Poland
• List of Polish-language films
• Museum of Communism, Poland

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Andrzej Wajda

• Official website
• Andrzej Wajda at the Internet Movie Database
• Andrzej Wajda at the Internetowa Baza Filmu Polskiego (pl)
• Andrzej Wajda video at Web of Stories
• Katyń movie review by Anne Applebaum
• Andrzej Wajda - An Introduction - the complete text of a 90-minute lecture by Michael Brooke, given at London's BFI Southbank and the POSK Polish Cultural Centre in May 2008
• Interview with Wajda on Katyń - in the Krakow Post
• Works by or about Andrzej Wajda in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Wajda bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
• What was the Nationality of the Stuffed Teddy Bear, by Adam Michnik About the criticism towards Katyn in Le Monde, April 2008 originally published in Gazeta Wyborcza, English translation by www.salon.eu.sk
• Wajda’s ‘Katyn’ - the healing truth

v t e César Award for Best Director 1976 Bertrand Tavernier 1977 Joseph Losey 1978 Alain Resnais 1979 Christian de Chalonge 1980 Roman Polanski 1981 François Truffaut 1982 Jean-Jacques Annaud 1983 Andrzej Wajda 1984 Ettore Scola 1985 Claude Zidi 1986 Michel Deville 1987 Alain Cavalier 1988 Louis Malle 1989 Jean-Jacques Annaud 1990 Bertrand Blier 1991 Jean-Paul Rappeneau 1992 Alain Corneau 1993 Claude Sautet 1994 Alain Resnais 1995 André Téchiné 1996 Claude Sautet 1997 Patrice Leconte / Bertrand Tavernier 1998 Luc Besson 1999 Patrice Chéreau 2000 Tonie Marshall 2001 Dominik Moll 2002 Jean-Pierre Jeunet 2003 Roman Polanski 2004 Denys Arcand 2005 Abdellatif Kechiche 2006 Jacques Audiard 2007 Guillaume Canet 2008 Abdellatif Kechiche 2009 Jean-François Richet 2010 Jacques Audiard 2011 Roman Polanski 2012 Michel Hazanavicius

Jasbir Jassi (Punjabi: ਜਸਬੀਰ ਜੱਸੀ; born February 7, 1970 in Dalla Mirjanpur Village, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India) is a Punjabi singer and actor. As of 2010^[update] he has released eight albums, his first pop album being Dil Le Gayee, released in 1998.

Biography[link]

As a child, Jassi played the harmonium. He quit engineering to study classical music under V.S. Jolly and later under Puran Shah Koti of the Sufiana fame.^[1] Ustad Shaukat Ali Khan and Baba Kashmira Singh also heavily influenced his singing style. ^[2] He holds a Masters degree in classical vocal music from Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar.^{[citation needed]}

Musical career[link]

Jassi, a first generation musician^[2], participated in many musical plays like “Sadha Bugdu Bulo.” He was widely noticed due to the performances he gave for the North Zone Cultural Centre.^[1] Jasbir Jassi then started recording for Punjabi films including Passport and Zakhmi^{[citation needed]} in the late 1980s.^[when?] He also sang for remix albums such as Balle Balbiro Balle.^[2] His first album release was the 1993 low-profile Channa Ve Teri Channani.^[2] He featured along with Charanjit Ahuja in the music video of “Channa ve Teri Channi”.^[1] This was followed-up with a string of hit albums - ‘Dil Le Gayee’(1998), ‘Kudi Kudi’(1999), ‘Nishani Pyar Di’(2001), ‘Just Jassi’(2003), ‘Mukhda Chann Varga’(2004) and ‘Akh Mastani’(2007). Jassi - Back with a Bang is his latest album, featuring the songs "Mehndi" and title song "Bang". It was released on 16 July 2010 worldwide.^[3]

The title song Dil Le Gayee Kudi Gujrat Di of his second album was a huge hit and it catapulted Jasbir Jassi into fame. ^[4][5] Kudi Kudi from his third album and Channo Da from Nishani Pyar Di also did extremely well.^[6]

He has performed in over 5000 shows in 70 countries across the world^[2] Jasbir Jassi has featured on televsiosn on NDTV Imagine’s Dhoom Macha De and he was crowned as “The Show Stopper” who created history on television for his dynamic performances.^[2]

[edit] Inspiration for Dil Le Gayee

It was in 1989 at a national integration camp for youth from border areas that Jassi met his Gujarati kudi. Jassi belongs to a border village, Dhalia, in Gurdaspur district in Punjab. The girl was from Bhuj in the Kutch area of Gujarat. The two fell in love, which was however, unconsummated. But she remained an obsession with Jassi even after she got married to some one else. However, Jassi traced her in 1998. It was in the same year, on way to Gwalior with Sham Bhuteja of Rohtak, when Jassi was feeling upset and depressed during the journey, and in a fit of emotion told Bhuteja, “dil le gayee kudi Gujarat di”. The bard in Bhuteja hit the idea of composing the song after this line, which ultimately led Jassi to stardom. ^[7]