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Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence.^[1] A lieutenant colonel is typically in charge of a battalion in the army.

Lieutenant colonel ranks by country[link]

The following articles deal with the rank of lieutenant colonel (or its equivalent)

• Lieutenant-colonel (Canada)
• Lieutenant-colonel (France)
• Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)^[2]
• Lieutenant colonel (United States)

Lieutenant colonel equivalents[link]

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• Afghanistan — Dagarman (دګرمن)
• Albania — Nënkolonel
• Armenia — Pokhgndapet (փոխգնդապետ)
• Bangladesh — Lieutenant colonel
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — Potpukovnik
• Bulgaria — Podpolkovnik
• Czech Republic — Podplukovník
• People's Republic of China — 中校
• Republic of China (Taiwan) — 中校
• Denmark — Oberstløjtnant
• Egypt and Charter Arab League member countries — Moqaddem (مقدم)
• Estonia — Kolonelleitnant
• Ethiopia — Lieutenant koronel
• Finland — Everstiluutnantti
• Germany, Austria, Switzerland — Oberstleutnant
• Nazi Germany — Obersturmbannführer (only in the SS)
• Georgia — Vice-colonel (vitse-polkovniki)
• Greece — Antisyntagmatarkhis
• Hungary — Alezredes
• Indonesia — Letnan kolonel
• India — Lieutenant colonel ( लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल )
• Iran — Sarhang dovom (سرهنگ دوم)
• Israel — Sgan aluf (סגן-אלוף)
• Italy — Tenente colonnello
• Japan — nisa (2佐)
• South Korea — Jungryung (중령)
• North Korea — Jungjwa (중좌)
• Latvia — Pulkvežleitnants
• Lebanon — مقدم
• Lithuania — Papulkininkis
• Netherlands — Luitenant-kolonel
• Pakistan — Lieutenant Colonel
• Poland — Podpułkownik
• Portugal, Brazil — Tenente-coronel
• Philippines — Tinyente koronel
• Romania — Locotenent colonel
• Russia — Podpolkovnik
• Serbia — Potpukovnik
• Spain and some Spanish speaking countries — Teniente coronel
• Saudi Arabia — مقدم
• Slovenia — Podpolkovnik
• Sweden — Överstelöjtnant
• South Africa — Commandant/kommandant (1950–1994); Luitenant-kolonel (Afrikaans language: pre-1950 and post-1994)
• Turkey — Yarbay
• Norway — Oberstløytnant
• Slovakia — Podplukovník
• Thailand — พันโท
• Ukraine — Pidpolkovnyk
• Vietnam — Trung Tá
• Ireland — Lieutenant-colonel

See also[link]

• Comparative military ranks
• Canadian Forces ranks and insignia
• British Army officer rank insignia
• U.S. Army officer rank insignia

References[link]

Mark Edward Weber (b. Portland, Oregon, October 9, 1951) is the director of the Institute for Historical Review,^[1] an American Holocaust denial^[2] organization based in southern California.

Weber has been associated with the IHR since 1991 and has been the Institute Director^[3] since 1995. For nine years he was editor of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review. ^[1]

Weber was born in Portland, Oregon in 1951. After graduating from Jesuit High School in 1969, he studied history in Chicago at the University of Illinois.^[1] He continued his studies for two semesters at the University of Munich, and, returning to Oregon, took a B.A. degree in history with high honors from Portland State University. In graduate school, he continued his study of history at Indiana University, receiving an M.A. degree in modern European history in 1977.^[4]

See also[link]

• Holocaust denial

References[link]

External links[link]

• Institute for Historical Review
• Mark Weber:The Professional Denier
• Is it all over for Holocaust deniers? Mark Weber admits ‘We’ve failed’
• A "Holocaust" Debate--Mark Weber vs Michael Shermer
• Who Are The Holocaust Revisionists?

The Edge
Background information
Birth name	David Howell Evans
Born	(1961-08-08) 8 August 1961 (age 50) Barking, Essex, England, United Kingdom
Origin	County Dublin, Ireland
Genres	Rock, post-punk, alternative rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, activist
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, keyboards, piano, bass guitar
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Island, Mercury
Associated acts	U2, Passengers
Website	www.u2.com
Notable instruments
Gibson Explorer Fender Stratocaster Gibson Les Paul Fender Telecaster Gretsch Country Gentleman Gretsch White Falcon Rickenbacker 330/12

David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), more widely known by his stage name The Edge (or just Edge),^[1] is a musician best known as the guitarist, backing vocalist, and keyboardist of the Irish rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 12 studio albums with the band and has released one solo record. As a guitarist, The Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a rhythmic delay effect yields a distinctive ambient, chiming sound that has become a signature of U2's music.

The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, but was raised in Ireland after moving there as an infant. In 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, he formed U2 with his fellow students and his older brother Dik. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements, the group began to write its own material. They eventually became one of the most popular acts in popular music, with successful albums such as 1987's The Joshua Tree and 1991's Achtung Baby. Over the years, The Edge has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style, including American roots music, industrial music, and alternative rock. With U2, The Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, and occasionally contributed lyrics. The Edge met his second and current wife, Morleigh Steinberg, through her collaborations with the band.

As a member of U2 and as an individual, The Edge has campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes. He co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate Bono on several projects, including songs for Roy Orbison and Tina Turner, and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and the Royal Shakespeare Company's London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine placed him at number 38 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

Personal life[link]

The Edge at a U2 concert in Anaheim (2005)

David Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital,^[2] Essex, England to Welsh parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans.^[1] When he was one, his family moved to County Dublin, Ireland where he attended St Andrew's National School. He received piano and guitar lessons and often performed with his brother Dik Evans before they both answered an advertisement posted by Larry Mullen, Jr. at their school, Mount Temple Comprehensive School, seeking musicians to form a band.^[3] The band accepted both of them. This band went through several incarnations before emerging as U2 in March 1978 (Dik Evans left the band just before the name change).^[3] U2 began performing in various venues in Ireland and eventually began developing a following. Their debut album, Boy, was released in 1980.

In 1981, leading up to the October tour, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, but he decided to stay.^[3] During this period, he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers, in which bandmates Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved.^[4] Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music that later became "Sunday Bloody Sunday".^[3] The Edge married his high school girlfriend Aislinn O'Sullivan on 12 July 1983.^[5] The couple had three daughters together: Hollie in 1984, Arran in 1985 and Blue Angel in 1989.^[4] The couple separated in 1990, but were unable to get officially divorced because of Irish laws regarding marriage annulment; divorce was legalised in 1995 and the couple were legally divorced in 1996.^[4]

In 1993, The Edge began dating Morleigh Steinberg, a professional dancer and choreographer employed by the band as a belly dancer during the Zoo TV Tour. They had a daughter, Sian (born 1997), and a son, Levi (born 25 October 1999),^[4] before marrying on 22 June 2002.^[4] He appeared in the 2009 music documentary film It Might Get Loud.^[6] The Edge has been criticized for his efforts to build five luxury mansions on a 156 acre plot of land in Malibu, California.^[7] The California Coastal Commission voted 8-4 against the plans, with the project described by the commission's executive director, Peter Douglas, as "In 38 years...one of the three worst projects that I've seen in terms of environmental devastation...It's a contradiction in terms – you can't be serious about being an environmentalist and pick this location."^[7] The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy agreed to remain neutral on the issue following a $1 million donation from The Edge and a commitment from The Edge to designate 100 acres of the land as open space for public footpaths.^[7]

Music style[link]

Guitar playing[link]

As a guitar player, The Edge has a sound typified by a low-key playing style, a chiming, shimmering sound (thanks in part to the sound of VOX AC-30s) that he achieves with extensive use of delay effects and reverb. The feedback delay is often set to a dotted eighth note (3/16 of a measure), and the feedback gain is adjusted until a note played repeats two or three times.^{[citation needed]}

On 1987's The Joshua Tree, The Edge often contributes just a few simple lead lines given depth and richness by an ever-present delay. For example, the introduction to "Where the Streets Have No Name" is simply a repeated six-note arpeggio, broadened by a modulated delay effect. The Edge has said that he views musical notes as "expensive", in that he prefers to play as few notes as possible. He said in 1982 of his style,

"I like a nice ringing sound on guitar, and most of my chords I find two strings and make them ring the same note, so it's almost like a 12-string sound. So for E I might play a B, E, E and B and make it ring. It works very well with the Gibson Explorer. It's funny because the bass end of the Explorer was so awful that I used to stay away from the low strings, and a lot of the chords I played were very trebly, on the first four, or even three strings. I discovered that through using this one area of the fretboard I was developing a very stylized way of doing something that someone else would play in a normal way."^[9]

Many different influences have shaped The Edge's guitar technique.^{[citation needed]} His first guitar was an old acoustic guitar that his mother bought him at a local flea market for only a few pounds; he was nine at the time. He and his brother Dik Evans both experimented with this instrument.^[9] He said in 1982 of this early experimentation, "I suppose the first link in the chain was a visit to the local jumble sale where I purchased a guitar for a pound. That was my first instrument. It was an acoustic guitar and me and my elder brother Dik both played it, plonking away, all very rudimentary stuff, open chords and all that."^[9] The Edge has stated that many of his guitar parts are based around guitar effects. This is especially true from the Achtung Baby era onwards, although much of the band's 1980s material made heavy use of echos.

Vocals[link]

The Edge in June 2005

The Edge also supplies the backing vocals for U2. U2's 1983 live album and video release, Under a Blood Red Sky and Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky are good reference points for his singing (as are the live DVDs from the Elevation Tour, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle and Elevation 2001: Live from Boston). For example, he sings the chorus to "Sunday Bloody Sunday" (Bono harmonizes on the final 'Sunday'). U2 used this tradeoff technique later in "Bullet the Blue Sky" as well. His backing vocals are sometimes in the form of a repeated cry; examples of songs that use this approach include "Beautiful Day", "New Year's Day" and "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)". Another technique he uses in his backing vocals is the falsetto, in songs such as "Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of", "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own", "A Man and a Woman", "The Wanderer", live versions of "The Fly", and "Window in the Skies".

The Edge sings the lead vocal on "Van Diemen's Land" and "Numb", the first half of the song "Seconds", dual vocals with Bono in "Discotheque", and the bridge in the song "Miracle Drug".^[4] He also sings the occasional lead vocal in live renditions of other songs (such as "Sunday Bloody Sunday" during the PopMart Tour and "Party Girl" during the Rotterdam Zoo TV show when it was Bono's birthday).^[10] He also plays a solo acoustic version of the song "Love is Blindness" that is featured in the documentary film From the Sky Down.

Other instruments[link]

He has played piano and keyboards on many of the band's songs, including "I Fall Down", "October", "So Cruel", "New Year's Day", "Running to Stand Still", "Miss Sarajevo", "The Hands that Built America", and "Original of the Species" and others. He plays the organ on "Please". In live versions of "New Year's Day", "The Unforgettable Fire", "Your Blue Room", and "Moment of Surrender", he plays both the piano and guitar parts alternately. In most live versions of "Original of the Species," piano is the only instrument played during the song. Although The Edge is the band's lead guitarist, he occasionally plays bass guitar, including the live performances of the song "40" where The Edge and bassist Adam Clayton switch instruments.

Solo recordings[link]

In addition to his regular role within U2, The Edge has also recorded with such artists as Johnny Cash, B. B. King, Tina Turner, Ronnie Wood, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. The Edge connected with Brian Eno and Lanois collaborator Michael Brook (the creator of the infinite guitar, which he regularly uses), working with him on the score to the film Captive (1986). From this soundtrack the song "Heroine", the vocal of which was sung by a young Sinéad O'Connor was released as a single.

He also created the theme song for season one and two of The Batman. He and fellow U2 member, Bono, wrote the lyrics to the theme of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye. The Edge, along with bandmate Bono, recently composed a musical adaptation of Spider-Man. On May 25, 2011, a single titled Rise Above 1: Reeve Carney Featuring Bono and The Edge was released digitally.^[11] The music video was released on July 28, 2011.^[12]

Musical equipment[link]

Edge's 1964 Vox AC30 on stage in Foxborough for the U2 360° Tour.

The Edge plays electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, piano, bass guitar (on "40" and "Race Against Time") and lap steel guitar. Compared to many lead guitarists, The Edge is known for using many more guitars during a show. According to his guitar tech Dallas Schoo, a typical lead guitarist uses four or five different guitars in one night, whereas The Edge takes 45 on the road, and uses 17 to 19 in one 2.5-hour concert. He is estimated to have more than 200 guitars in the studio.^{[citation needed]}

Philanthropy[link]

In 2005, The Edge along with Bob Ezrin and Henry Juszkiewicz co-founded Music Rising, a charity that helped provide replacement instruments for those that were lost in Hurricane Katrina. The instruments were originally only replaced for professional musicians but they soon realized the community churches and schools needed instruments as well. The charity's slogan is "Rebuilding the Gulf Region note by note" and has so far helped over a hundred musicians who were affected by Hurricane Katrina. The Edge also serves on the board of the Angiogenesis Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to improving global health by advancing angiogenesis-based medicine, diets, and lifestyle.^[13]

See also[link]

• Timeline of U2
• List of people on stamps of Ireland

References[link]

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2011)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Edge

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Edge

• U2.com, official U2 site
• Music Rising
• The Edge at the Internet Movie Database
• The Edge – Album Credits
• A Study of The Edge's Guitar Delay
• The Edge: 'It's all about the vision'
• Food Bank For New York City public service announcement
• Comment on the mathematical analysis of The Edge's guitar sound

Nicole M. E. Malachowski
Nickname	FiFi
Born	(1974-09-26) September 26, 1974 (age 37)
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Air Force
Years of service	1996 to Present
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Battles/wars	Operation Iraqi Freedom
Awards	Meritorious Service Medal (2) Air Medal Air Force Commendation Medal (2) Air Force Achievement Medal (3) Combat Readiness Medal National Defense Service Medal Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal Kosovo Campaign Medal Global War on Terrorism Service Medal Korea Defense Service Medal Air and Space Campaign Medal

Nicole Margaret Ellingwood Malachowski^[1] (born September 26, 1974) is a United States Air Force officer and the first female pilot selected to fly as part of the USAF Air Demonstration Squadron, better known as the Thunderbirds. Her aviator call sign is "FiFi".^[2] Her first public performance was in March 2006 and she spent the 2006 and 2007 air show seasons flying the Number 3 (Right Wing) aircraft in the diamond formation. Prior to joining the USAF, Lieutenant Colonel Malachowski was a Civil Air Patrol Cadet.

Between September 1, 2008 and August 31, 2009, Malachowski was on special assignment, participating in the White House Fellows Program for the Class of 2008-2009, assigned to the General Services Administration.^[3]

Early years, education, and personal biography[link]

Nicole Malachowski was born Nicole Ellingwood in Santa Maria, California, to Cathy and Robert Ellingwood.^[4] In high school, she was a cadet member of the Nevada Wing of the Civil Air Patrol^[5] and participated in AFJROTC, where she was rated cadet colonel, the highest rank a cadet could achieve. She started working on her pilot's license before graduating from high school.^[4] She graduated from Western High School in Las Vegas in 1992.

She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Management, with a minor in French,^[6] from the United States Air Force Academy, graduating 124th of 922 in the Class of 1996.^[3] While at the academy she was both a pilot and cadet instructor pilot in the academy's TG-4 glider program. She also earned a Master of Arts degree from American Military University in National Security Policy.^[6]

Malachowski is married to Lieutenant Colonel Paul G. Malachowski, an F-15E Weapons System Operator. The couple met while both were serving as aircrew in the 48th Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath in the United Kingdom.^[4] In April 2010 she was admitted to the Mother and Infant Care Center (MICC) of the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, in expectation of the birth of twins. After a confinement of nine weeks, she gave birth to daughter Norah and son Garrick on June 6, 2010.^[7]

Professional career[link]

USAF Thunderbirds portrait

Malachowski attended undergraduate pilot training at Columbus AFB, Mississippi. She finished fourth in her class and selected the only F-15E Strike Eagle slot alloted to her class. After meeting height requirements for fighter pilots,^[8] she trained at Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina, with the 4th Fighter Wing.

She served two operational tours at RAF Lakenheath, England, with the 48th Fighter Wing; assignment to the 4th Fighter Wing at Seymour Johnson AFB; and as an Air Liaison Officer supporting the 2nd Infantry Division at Camp Red Cloud, South Korea. During her second tour at RAF Lakenheath, Malachowski deployed for four months in early 2005 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, flying 26 combat missions. She applied and was accepted as a Thunderbird pilot in June 2005. She completed transition training to the F-16 Fighting Falcon with the 56th Fighter Wing at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona and flew with the Thunderbird Team based at Nellis AFB, Nevada in November 2005 until November 2007.

After successfully completing her tour with the USAF Thunderbirds in November 2007, including approximately 140 performances, Malachowski served on staff of the Commander, United States Air Force Warfare Center, at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, to June 2008.

Major Malachowski (far right) at July 2009 White House ceremony honoring WASPs.

Malachowski was selected to participate as a White House Fellow in Washington, D.C., from September 1, 2008 to August 31, 2009, working in the General Services Administration with the Presidential Transition Support Team and as deputy chief of staff.^[3][6][9] Malachowski has been an advocate of recognition as veterans of women pilots who served during World War II. On July 1, 2009, she participated in a White House ceremony at which legislation (S.614) awarding a Congressional Gold Medal to former pilots of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) was signed into law by President Barack Obama. Although she had to use a wheelchair due to a broken left leg, Lt Col Malachowski delivered remarks during the ceremony held March 10, 2010, in the United States Capitol awarding Deanie Bishop Parrish the medal on behalf of all 1,102 WASP pilots.^[10][11]

Malachowski served as deputy commander of the 4th Operations Support Squadron, 4th Operations Group, until 18 November 2011, when she took command of the 333d Fighter Squadron at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina.^[12]

Assignments[link]

1. December 1996-March 1998: Student, Undergraduate Pilot Training Class 98-03, Columbus AFB, Mississippi.
2. March 1998-January 1999: Student, F-15E Formal Training Unit, 333d Fighter Squadron, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina.
3. January 1999-October 2000: F-15E pilot, Ground Training Officer, Standardization and Evaluation Liaisons Officer 492d Fighter Squadron, RAF Lakenheath, England.
4. October 2000-January 2003: F-15E Instructor Pilot, Chief of Life Support, Assistant Chief of Scheduling, Weapons Flight Electronic Combat Pilot, Functional Check Flight Pilot, Supervisor of Flying, 336th Fighter Squadron, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina.
5. January 2003-January 2004: Army Liaison Officer, Chief of Standardization and Evaluation, Deputy Director of Main Air Support Operations Center, ASOC Fighter Duty Officer, 604th Air Support Operations Squadron, Camp Red Cloud, South Korea.
6. January 2004-March 2004: Student, F-15E TX-2, Class 04-BTE2, 333d Fighter Squadron, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina.
7. March 2004-July 2005: F-15E Instructor Pilot, C-Flight Commander, Supervisor of Flying, 494th Fighter Squadron, RAF Lakenheath, United Kingdom.
8. August 2005-October 2005: Student, F-16C/D TX-2, Class 05-ATC, 61st Fighter Squadron, Luke AFB, Arizona.
9. November 2005-November 2007: pilot, USAF Air Demonstration Squadron, Nellis AFB, Nevada.
10. December 2007-June 2008: Deputy Chief, Commander's Action Group, United States Air Force Warfare Center, Nellis AFB.
11. September 2008-September 2009: General Services Administration, White House Fellow
12. September 2009 to ??: SAF/IA Weapons Division, Chief, International Developmental Fighter Programs
13. ?? to November 2011: Director of Operations, 4th Operations Support Squadron, Seymour-Johnson AFB, NC
14. November 2011 to Present: Commander, 333d Fighter Squadron, Seymour Johnson AFB, NC

Flight Information[link]

Rating: Senior Pilot

Flight hours: More than 2,100

Aircraft flown: Laister-Kauffman TG-4, McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

Awards and decorations[link]

Nicole Malachowski's ribbons as of 1 August 2009:^[3]

	Meritorious Service Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster
	Air Medal
	Air Force Commendation Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster
	Air Force Achievement Medal with two bronze oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with silver oak leaf cluster
	Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
	Combat Readiness Medal
	National Defense Service Medal
	Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
	Kosovo Campaign Medal
	Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
	Korea Defense Service Medal
	Air and Space Campaign Medal
	Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon
	Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon
	Air Force Longevity Service Award with three bronze oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Training Ribbon

Other achievements[link]

2002: Distinguished graduate of the Air Force's Squadron Officer School

2008: Inducted into the Women in Aviation, International, Pioneer Hall of Fame^[13]

Effective dates of promotion[link]

Promotions

Insignia	Rank	Date
	Lieutenant Colonel	January 2010[14]
	Major	April 1, 2006
	Captain	May 29, 2000
	First Lieutenant	May 29, 1998
6px	Second Lieutenant	May 29, 1996

References[link]

United States Air Force portal

• "Major Nicole Malachowski and Major Samantha Weeks". Woman Pilot. April 2, 2008. http://womanpilot.com/?p=73. Retrieved December 24, 2008. 

External links[link]

• 2008-2009 Class of White House Fellows
• CNN.com: Woman joins Air Force Thunderbirds
• F-16.net article - Thunderbirds' first female pilot announced with new 2006 pilots
• F-16.net article - Becoming Thunderbird is dream come true for Nevada native
• Air Force Times - Thunderbirds to get first female pilot — 2006-10-13
• Pilot to leave Nellis for White House Fellows Program

Gary James Rowe (born 5 September 1952) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Cranbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1992 to 2002.

Rowe was born in Coburg, Victoria, to Douglas James and Norma Lilian Rowe. He attended Glen Waverley High School before studying at Victoria Police Academy, where he was one of the top ten graduates. In 1970 he became a police officer, but in 1974 became a consultant with National Mutual and in 1977 founded a finance and insurance company, of which he became director. He was also director of a number of other finance and insurance businesses. In 1989, he was elected to Cranbourne Shire Council, serving until 1992.^[1]

In 1992, Rowe was elected to the new seat of Cranbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Following the Kennett Government's defeat in 1999 he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition. He was defeated in 2002 by Labor candidate Jude Perera.^[1]

References[link]