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- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
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The time has come, the time for a drink, but I don't want whiskey or gin.
There's only one drink that gets me so drunk, until my head starts to spin.
Far to the west under tropical sun, this mystical drink is brewed.
On our mission to get totally drunk, we have got nothing to lose.
Rum is the power, Rum is the key, Rum is the thing that will set us free
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Give me more Rum!
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Give me more Rum!
The time has come, the time for a drink, but I don't want vodka or mead.
None of these things will quench my thirst, Rum is the drink that I need.
Questing the oceans and questing the seas, searching for ultimate booze.
On our mission to get totally drunk, we have got nothing to lose.
Rum is the power, Rum is the key, Rum is the thing that will set us free
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Give me more Rum!
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Give me more Rum!
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum, Ahoy.
Rum, Rum, Rum, Yaarr, Rum, Rum
Eu VODKA - rro jogar bola
E VINHO aonde você está sentada
No MARTINI BIANCO da escola
No meio da moçada depravada
TEQUILA muito no passado
Mas agora, HEINEKEN te quero
LICOR - tei todas as esperanças
Que CONTINI no seu coração, yeah
RUM, RUM, RUM (4x)
Se eu ficar longe de você
Não espere nenhuma gota
De lágrima minha, pois eu sou muito frio
A não ser na cama com outra garota
CERVEJA minha situação
Como as coisas ficaram WHISKYzitas
Tô querendo me livrar de você
Mas não posso te matar sem deixar pistas
Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts such as molasses, or directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation. The distillate, a clear liquid, is then usually aged in oak barrels. Rum can be referred to in Spanish by descriptors such as ron viejo ("old rum") and ron añejo ("aged rum").
The majority of the world's rum production occurs in the Caribbean and Latin America (including the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Martinique, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia,Saint Vincent and the grenadines, Grenada, Barbados, Jamaica, St.Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Brazil, Haiti, Belize, Grenada, Guyana, Peru and Cuba). Rum is also produced in the Canary Islands of Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Mexico, Hawaii, the Philippines, India, Reunion Island, Mauritius, South Africa, and Canada.
Light rums are commonly used in cocktails, whereas "golden" and "dark" rums were typically consumed individually (i.e. "straight" or "neat") or for cooking, but are now commonly consumed with mixers. Premium rums are also available, made to be consumed either straight or iced.
Rum plays a part in the culture of most islands of the West Indies as well as in the Canadian Maritimes and Newfoundland. This beverage has famous associations with the Royal Navy (where it was mixed with water or beer to make grog) and piracy (where it was consumed as bumbo). Rum has also served as a popular medium of economic exchange, used to help fund enterprises such as slavery, organized crime, and military insurgencies (e.g., the American Revolution and Australia's Rum Rebellion) See Triangular trade.
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The origin of the word "rum" is generally unclear. In an 1824 essay about the word's origin, Samuel Morewood, a British etymologist, suggested it might be from the British slang term for "the best", as in "having a rum time." He wrote:
As spirits, extracted from molasses, could not well be ranked under the name whiskey, brandy, or arrack, it would be called rum, to denote its excellence or superior quality.—Samuel Morewood[1]
Given the harsh taste of early rum, this is unlikely. Morewood later suggested another possibility: that it was taken from the last syllable of the Latin word for sugar, saccharum, an explanation commonly heard today.[1] The -um is a very common noun ending in Latin, and plenty of Latin word roots end in r, so in reality, one could apply this logic to a plethora of Latin words to draw the link.
Other etymologists have mentioned the Romani word rum, meaning "strong" or "potent". These words have been linked to the ramboozle and rumfustian, both popular British drinks in the mid-17th century. However, neither was made with rum, but rather eggs, ale, wine, sugar, and various spices. The most probable origin is as a truncated version of rumbullion or rumbustion.[2] Both words surfaced in English about the same time as rum did (Coromines states 1651 as the first recording of "rumbullion", and 1654 for "rum" -1770 for the first recording in Spanish of ron), and were slang terms for "tumult" or "uproar". This is a far more convincing explanation, and brings the image of fractious men fighting in entanglements at island tippling houses, which are early versions of the bar.[1]
Another claim is the name is from the large drinking glasses used by Dutch seamen known as rummers, from the Dutch word roemer, a drinking glass.[3] Other options include contractions of the words iterum, Latin for "again, a second time", or arôme, French for aroma.[4] Regardless of the original source, the name was already in common use by 1654, when the General Court of Connecticut ordered the confiscations of "whatsoever Barbados liquors, commonly called rum, kill devil and the like".[5] A short time later in May 1657, the General Court of Massachusetts also decided to make illegal the sale of strong liquor "whether knowne by the name of rumme, strong water, wine, brandy, etc."[4]
In current usage, the name used for a rum is often based on its place of origin. For rums from Spanish-speaking locales, the word ron is used. A ron añejo indicates a rum that has been significantly aged and is often used for premium products. Rhum is the term used for rums from French-speaking locales, while rhum vieux is an aged French rum that meets several other requirements.
Some of the many other names for rum are Nelson's blood, kill-devil, demon water, pirate's drink, navy neaters, and Barbados water.[6] A version of rum from Newfoundland is referred to by the name screech, while some low-grade West Indies rums are called tafia.[7]
The precursors to rum date back to antiquity. Development of fermented drinks produced from sugarcane juice is believed to have first occurred either in ancient India or China,[2] and spread from there. An example of such an early drink is brum. Produced by the Malay people, brum dates back thousands of years.[8] Marco Polo also recorded a 14th-century account of a "very good wine of sugar" that was offered to him in what is modern-day Iran.[2]
The first distillation of rum took place on the sugarcane plantations of the Caribbean in the 17th century. Plantation slaves first discovered molasses, a byproduct of the sugar refining process, can be fermented into alcohol.[9] Later, distillation of these alcoholic byproducts concentrated the alcohol and removed impurities, producing the first true rums. Tradition suggests rum first originated on the island of Barbados. However, in the decade of the 1620s, rum production was recorded in Brazil.[10]
A 1651 document from Barbados stated, "The chief fuddling they make in the island is Rumbullion, alias Kill-Divil, and this is made of sugar canes distilled, a hot, hellish, and terrible liquor."[9]
After rum's development in the Caribbean, the drink's popularity spread to Colonial North America. To support the demand for the drink, the first rum distillery in the British colonies of North America was set up in 1664 on present-day Staten Island. Boston, Massachusetts had a distillery three years later.[11] The manufacture of rum became early Colonial New England's largest and most prosperous industry.[12] New England became a distilling center due to the technical, metalworking and cooperage skills and abundant lumber; the rum produced there was lighter, more like whiskey. Rhode Island rum even joined gold as an accepted currency in Europe for a period of time.[13] Estimates of rum consumption in the American colonies before the American Revolutionary War had every man, woman, or child drinking an average of 3 imperial gallons (14 l) of rum each year.[14]
To support this demand for the molasses to produce rum, along with the increasing demand for sugar in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, a labor source to work the sugar plantations in the Caribbean was needed. A triangular trade was established between Africa, the Caribbean, and the colonies to help support this need.[15] The exchange of slaves, molasses, and rum was quite profitable, and the disruption to the trade caused by the Sugar Act in 1764 may have even helped cause the American Revolution.[14]
The popularity of rum continued after the American Revolution, with George Washington insisting on a barrel of Barbados rum at his 1789 inauguration.[16]
Rum started to play an important role in the political system; candidates attempted to influence the outcome of an election through their generosity with rum. The people would attend the hustings to see which candidate appeared more generous. The candidate was expected to drink with the people to show he was independent and truly a republican. In the 1833 Mississippi state senate election, one candidate, Judge Edward Turner, poured his drinks and socialized with the people. He was more personal and it appeared as if he was going to win. The other candidate, a Methodist parson named Dick Stewart, announced he would not be pouring their drinks and they could have as much as they wanted; Dick Stewart won.[17][18]
Eventually, the restrictions on rum from the British islands of the Caribbean, combined with the development of American whiskey, led to a decline in the drink's popularity.
Rum's association with piracy began with English privateers trading on the valuable commodity. As some of the privateers became pirates and buccaneers, their fondness for rum remained, the association between the two only being strengthened by literary works such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island.[19]
The association of rum with the Royal Navy began in 1655, when the British fleet captured the island of Jamaica. With the availability of domestically produced rum, the British changed the daily ration of liquor given to seamen from French brandy to rum.[20] While the ration was originally given neat, or mixed with lime juice, the practice of watering down the rum began around 1740. To help minimize the effect of the alcohol on his sailors, Admiral Edward Vernon had the rum ration watered down, a mixture that became known as grog. While many believe the term was coined in honor of the grogram cloak Admiral Vernon wore in rough weather,[21] the term predates his famous order. It probably originates in the West Indies, perhaps of African etymology (see Grog). The Royal Navy continued to give its sailors a daily rum ration, known as a "tot," until the practice was abolished after July 31, 1970.[22]
Today, the tot is still issued on special occasions, using an order to "splice the mainbrace", which may only be given by the Queen, a member of the royal family or, on certain occasions, the admiralty board in the UK, with similar restrictions in other Commonwealth navies.[23] Recently, such occasions have included royal marriages or birthdays, or special anniversaries. In the days of daily rum rations, the order to "splice the mainbrace" meant double rations would be issued.
Following his victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, Horatio Nelson's body was preserved in a cask of rum to allow transport back to England. Upon arrival, however, the cask was opened and found to be empty of rum. The pickled body was removed and, upon inspection, it was discovered that the sailors had drilled a hole in the bottom of the cask and drunk all the rum, in the process drinking Nelson's blood. Thus, this tale serves as a basis for the term "Nelson's blood" being used to describe rum. It also serves as the basis for the term "tapping the admiral" being used to describe drinking the daily rum ration. The details of the story are disputed, as many historians claim the cask contained French brandy, whilst others claim instead the term originated from a toast to Admiral Nelson.[24] Variations of the story, involving different notable corpses, have been in circulation for many years. The official record states merely that the body was placed in "refined spirits" and does not go into further detail.[25]
The Royal New Zealand Navy was the last naval force to give sailors a free daily tot of rum. The Royal Canadian Navy still gives a rum ration on special occasions; the rum is usually provided out of the commanding officer's fund, and is 150 proof. It is consumed on the order "up spirits".[citation needed] The order to "splice the mainbrace" (i.e. take rum) can be given by the Queen as commander-in-chief, as occurred on 29 June 2010, when Her Majesty gave the order to the Royal Canadian Navy as part of the celebration of their 100th anniversary.
Rum was also occasionally consumed mixed with gunpowder, either to test the proof of an alcohol ration (if the alcohol was diluted, the gunpowder would not ignite after being soaked with alcohol) or to seal a vow or show loyalty to a rebellion.
Rum became an important trade good in the early period of the colony of New South Wales. The value of rum was based upon the lack of coinage among the population of the colony, and due to the drink's ability to allow its consumer to temporarily forget about the lack of creature comforts available in the new colony. The value of rum was such that convict settlers could be induced to work the lands owned by officers of the New South Wales Corps. Due to rum's popularity among the settlers, the colony gained a reputation for drunkenness, though their alcohol consumption was less than levels commonly consumed in England at the time.[26]
Australia was so far away from England that the convict colony, established in 1788, faced severe food shortages, compounded by poor conditions for growing crops and the shortage of livestock . Eventually it was realized that it might be cheaper for India, instead of England to supply the settlement of Sydney. By 1817, two out of every three ships which left Sydney, went to Java or India, and cargoes from Bengal fed and equipped the colony. Casks of Bengal Rum ( which was reputed to be stronger than Jamaiacan Rum, and not so sweet ) were brought back in the depths of nearly every ship from India although taken to shore clandestinely, to the dismay of the governors. Englishmen living in India grew wealthy through sending ships to Sydney "laden half with rice and half with bad spirits." [27]
When William Bligh became governor of the colony in 1806, he attempted to remedy the perceived problem with drunkenness by outlawing the use of rum as a medium of exchange. In response to this action, and several others, the New South Wales Corps marched, with fixed bayonets, to Government House and placed Bligh under arrest. The mutineers continued to control the colony until the arrival of Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1810.[28]
Dividing rum into meaningful groupings is complicated because no single standard exists for what constitutes rum. Instead, rum is defined by the varying rules and laws of the nations producing the spirit. The differences in definitions include issues such as spirit proof, minimum aging, and even naming standards.
Examples of the differences in proof is Colombia, requiring their rums possess a minimum alcohol content of 50% alcohol by volume (ABV), while Chile and Venezuela require only a minimum of 40% ABV. Mexico requires rum be aged a minimum of eight months; the Dominican Republic, Panama and Venezuela require two years. Naming standards also vary. Argentina defines rums as white, gold, light, and extra light. Grenada and Barbados uses the terms white, overproof, and matured, while the United States defines rum, rum liqueur, and flavored rum.[29] In Australia, rum is divided into dark or red rum (underproof known as UP, overproof known as OP, and triple distilled) and white rum.
Despite these differences in standards and nomenclature, the following divisions are provided to help show the wide variety of rums produced.
Within the Caribbean, each island or production area has a unique style. For the most part, these styles can be grouped by the language traditionally spoken. Due to the overwhelming influence of Puerto Rican rum, most rum consumed in the United States is produced in the 'Spanish-speaking' style.
Cachaça is a spirit similar to rum that is produced in Brazil. (Some countries, including the United States, classify cachaça as a type of rum.) Seco, from Panama, is also a spirit similar to rum, but also similar to vodka since it is triple distilled.
The Indonesian spirit Batavia arrack, or arrak, is a spirit similar to rum that includes rice in its production.[30] Mexico produces a number of brands of light and dark rum, as well as other less-expensive flavored and unflavored sugarcane-based liquors, such as aguardiente de caña and charanda.
A spirit known as aguardiente, distilled from molasses and often infused with anise, with additional sugarcane juice added after distillation, is produced in Central America and northern South America.[31]
In West Africa, and particularly in Liberia, 'cane juice' (also known as Liberian rum[32] or simply CJ within Liberia itself[33]) is a cheap, strong spirit distilled from sugarcane, which can be as strong as 86 proof.[34] A refined cane spirit has also been produced in South Africa since the 1950s, simply known as cane.
Within Europe, a similar spirit made from sugar beet is known as tuzemák (from tuzemský rum, domestic rum) in the Czech Republic and kobba libre on the Åland Islands.[citation needed]
In Germany, a cheap substitute for genuine dark rum is called Rum-Verschnitt (literally: blended or "cut" rum). This distilled beverage is made of genuine dark rum (often from Jamaica), rectified spirit, and water. Very often, caramel coloring is used, too. The relative amount of genuine rum it contains can be quite low, since the legal minimum is at only 5%, but the taste of Rum-Verschnitt is still very similar to genuine dark rum. In Austria, a similar rum called Inländerrum or domestic rum is available. However, Austrian Inländerrum is always a spiced rum (brand example: Stroh); German Rum-Verschnitt, in contrast, is never spiced or flavored.
The grades and variations used to describe rum depend on the location where a rum was produced. Despite these variations, the following terms are frequently used to describe various types of rum:
Unlike some other spirits, rum has no defined production methods. Instead, rum production is based on traditional styles that vary between locations and distillers.
Most rum produced is made from molasses. Within the Caribbean, much of this molasses is from Brazil.[16] A notable exception is the French-speaking islands, where sugarcane juice is the preferred base ingredient.[2]
Yeast and water are added to the base ingredient to start the fermentation process. While some rum producers allow wild yeasts to perform the fermentation, most use specific strains of yeast to help provide a consistent taste and predictable fermentation time.[36] Dunder, the yeast-rich foam from previous fermentations, is the traditional yeast source in Jamaica.[37] "The yeast employed will determine the final taste and aroma profile," says Jamaican master blender Joy Spence.[2] Distillers who make lighter rums, such as Bacardi, prefer to use faster-working yeasts.[2] Use of slower-working yeasts causes more esters to accumulate during fermentation, allowing for a fuller-tasting rum.[36]
As with all other aspects of rum production, no standard method is used for distillation. While some producers work in batches using pot stills, most rum production is done using column still distillation.[36] Pot still output contains more congeners than the output from column stills, so produces fuller-tasting rums.[2]
Many countries require rum to be aged for at least one year. This aging is commonly performed in used bourbon casks,[36] but may also be performed in stainless steel tanks or other types of wooden casks. The aging process determines the color of the rum. When aged in oak casks, it becomes dark, whereas rum aged in stainless steel tanks remains virtually colorless. Due to the tropical climate common to most rum-producing areas, rum matures at a much faster rate than is typical for Scotch or Cognac. An indication of this faster rate is the angels' share, or amount of product lost to evaporation. While products aged in France or Scotland see about 2% loss each year, rum producers may see as much as 10%.[36] After aging, rum is normally blended to ensure a consistent flavor. Blending is the final step in the rum-making process.[38] As part of this blending process, light rums may be filtered to remove any color gained during aging. For darker rums, caramel may be added to adjust the color of the final product.
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Besides rum punches, cocktails such as the Cuba libre and daiquiri have well-known stories of their invention in the Caribbean. Tiki culture in the US helped expand rum's horizons with inventions such as the mai tai and zombie. Other well-known cocktails containing rum include the piña colada, a drink made popular in America by Rupert Holmes' song "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)",[39] and the mojito. Cold-weather drinks made with rum include the rum toddy and hot buttered rum.[40] A number of local specialties also use rum, including Bermuda's dark 'n' stormy (Gosling's Black Seal rum with ginger beer), and the painkiller from the British Virgin Islands.
Rum may also be used as a base in the manufacture of liqueurs. Another combination is jagertee, a mixture of rum and black tea.
Rum may also be used in a number of cooked dishes as a flavoring agent in items such as rum balls or rum cakes. It is commonly used to macerate fruit used in fruitcakes and is also used in marinades for some Caribbean dishes. Rum is also used in the preparation of bananas Foster and some hard sauces. Rum is sometimes mixed into ice cream, often with raisins.
Ti punch, short for "petit punch", is a traditional drink in the French-speaking region of the Caribbean.
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Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Rum. |
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Sean Kingston | |
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Sean Kingston on December 29, 2007. |
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Background information | |
Birth name | Kisean Anderson |
Born | Miami, Florida, United States |
February 3, 1990
Origin | Kingston, Jamaica |
Genres | Reggae fusion, dance, R&B[1] |
Occupations | Singer, songwriter, rapper, actor |
Years active | 2006–present |
Labels | Beluga Heights, Epic, TM3 Records, E1 Music |
Associated acts | Flo Rida, Soulja Boy, Unk, Rick Ross, Iyaz |
Website | www.seankingston.com |
Sean Kingston (born Kisean Anderson; February 3, 1990) is a Jamaican-American singer. He pursued a music career and debuted in 2007 with the album Sean Kingston.
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Kingston was born on February 3, 1990, in Miami, Florida and moved to Kingston, Jamaica when he was six.[2] He attended high school in Ocho Rios.[3] His grandfather was the noted Jamaican reggae producer Lawrence Lindo,[4] who worked under the stage name Jack Ruby.[5][2] At age 11, Kingston spent 3 weeks in jail for breaking and entering, and Kingston lived in a car while his mother was incarcerated for identity theft.[2][6]
Sean Kingston was discovered through MySpace by Tommy Rotem at Beluga Heights, and signed to the label in a partnership deal with Sony.[7] Beluga is a label notable for its focus on discovering and developing artists.[8] In an interview with HitQuarters label head and producer J.R. Rotem described this process with regards to Kingston:
"Sean Kingston was a rapper when we found him and it was a development process to get him more melodic. At Beluga we essentially refine the talent so that it's more of a marketable product."[7]
In a venture between Epic Records and Koch Records, Kingston recorded and released the single "Beautiful Girls" in May 2007.[9] The single, based on the bass line and lyrical "association" of the 1961 hit "Stand by Me" by Ben E. King, reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and topped the UK Singles Chart along with many other international charts. Similarly, the song "Me Love" samples the main hook out Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er", from their 1973 album Houses of the Holy. The song also debuted at number one in Australia, where it knocked off Fergie's "Big Girls Don't Cry", which had been at number one for nine weeks. The song stayed on the Canadian Hot 100 number one spot for over six weeks before getting knocked down to third place by the Plain White T's. "Beautiful Girls" remained at number one in Canada longer than any other song in 2007. In 2007, Kingston was the opening act for Gwen Stefani's The Sweet Escape Tour and for select dates on Beyoncé's The Beyoncé Experience Tour. In 2008, he was one of the opening acts for the Australian leg of Kelly Clarkson's My December Tour.[10] Since Sean is a Jamaican singer, he got his stage name "Kingston" from the capital of Jamaica called Kingston, Jamaica.
The album Tomorrow was released on September 22, 2009. Big-name producers involved in the album included former Fugee Wyclef Jean; RedOne (of recent Lady GaGa fame); plus Sean's original mentor, J.R. Rotem.[11] So far, the singles "Fire Burning", and "Face Drop" have been released. Additionally, five promotional digital singles were released leading up to the album.
Kingston co-wrote Jason Derülo's "Whatcha Say". He also found the R&B-reggae singer Iyaz on MySpace and signed him to his record label.[12] He also recorded the track "Miss Everything" for the UK girl-group Sugababes studio album Sweet 7 which was released March 15, 2010 in the UK. Kingston and DJ Khaled are being featured on Bow Wow's new single "For My Hood", from the upcoming movie, The Lottery Ticket.[13]
According to Sean Kingston, he is already working on his next album. The lead single was confirmed to be "Dumb Love". The song's chorus samples 1957's, Come Go With Me by the Del Vikings. The song is also featured in a episode of The Suite Life on Deck which Kingston guest starred on. The album will also feature T-Pain, Nicki Minaj, Kanye West, Flo-Rida, Soulja Boy, Wyclef Jean, Akon and Dr. Dre.[14][15] The first single from the album is "Eenie Meenie" featuring Justin Bieber, released on March 23, 2010,[16] which is also included on Bieber's My World 2.0 album. This collaboration with the young star has been the source of much disapproval from the rap community. The second single from the album is "Letting Go (Dutty Love)", which features a verse from Nicki Minaj. It was released on iTunes August 3, while the third is "Dumb Love" and was released on iTunes September 8. Sean Kingston's new song "She Moves" samples Irena Cara's "What a Feeling" from the film Flashdance. This has not been release as a single. A fourth single "Party All Night (Sleep All Day)" was released on December 21, 2010. The song leaked online in December 2010. The music video has already been shot. The video was released on December 23, 2010. Sean said this would be the song of the new year.
Kingston represented the continent of America to sing the Official Theme Song of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, Everyone. He collaborated with four other international artists representing their continent, South African Jody Williams representing Africa, Singaporean Tabitha Nauser (Asia), Briton Steve Appleton (Europe), and Australian Jessica Mauboy representing Oceania.[17] However, Kingston was unable to attend the Singapore Youth Olympics 2010 opening ceremony due to passport mix ups.[18] Sean was invited to featured on Cash Money Records/former So So Def member Bow Wow on his single "For My Hood". He performed it with him along with DJ Khaled on BET's television program 106 & Park the day after release.
Sean Released his first mixtape King Of Kingz on February 3, 2011 as a free Download only. The mixtape includes guest appearances by Akon, Flo-Rida, Soulja Boy, Justin Bieber, B.O.B and Tory Lanez.
Kingston will release a mixtape with pop star Justin Bieber, called Our World. It will feature about 12–14 songs and includes their versions of songs like "Pretty Boy Swag" and "Billionaire". The mixtape is finished and Kingston showed his fans a preview on uStream on August, 19, 2010[citation needed]. The release date is yet to be confirmed. Kingston also went on to perform on first leg of Bieber's tour. On April 25, 2011, Kingston performed at Cross Roads Hotel in front of 2,000 people in Lilongwe, Malawi. Kingston was recently in Zimbabwe performing there and is scheduled to perform in Ghana in June 2011. He performed a street concert on April 29, 2011, at Utah State University.[19]
Kingston has announced that his new album will be called Back 2 Life.[20] He also said in an interview with MTV that he would be completely re-doing the album and that the previous singles will not be on it. According to Sean's twitter the first single off the album will be released the first week in May 2012. Sean linked up with T.I. on set of the video for “Back 2 Life,” the street single off his upcoming album of the same name. The two shot the video in Los Angeles last week with comedian Mike Epps.
Kingston filmed a public service announcement with Do Something to encourage teens to become active in their communities by forming a Do Something club.[21] In 2010, he appeared with one of his dogs in an ad for PETA, encouraging people not to chain their dogs outside.[22]
On May 29, 2011, Kingston was involved in a jet skiing accident in Miami Beach, Florida. Kingston and a female passenger were severely injured when their jet ski struck the bridge connecting Palm Island with the MacArthur Causeway at approximately 6 pm. He was taken to Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, where he was placed in the intensive care unit and listed in stable condition.[1][23][24] He suffered a fractured wrist and broken jaw along with water in the lungs, but was expected to make a full recovery.[25] On June 24, 2011, Kingston was discharged from hospital and continued his recovery at home.[26]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sean Kingston |
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Cher Lloyd | |
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Lloyd performing in April 2011 |
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Background information | |
Birth name | Cher Lloyd |
Born | Malvern, Worcestershire, UK |
28 July 1993
Origin | Malvern, Worcestershire, UK |
Genres | R&B,pop, dance-pop, hip hop, synthpop, rap, dubstep |
Occupations | Singer, songwriter, model, |
Instruments | Vocals |
Years active | 2010–present |
Labels | Syco, Epic Records |
Website | cherlloyd.com |
Cher Lloyd (born 28 July 1993) is an English recording artist. Lloyd rose to fame when she finished fourth in the seventh series of The X Factor. Shortly afterwards, Lloyd was signed by Simon Cowell to Sony Music subsidiary Syco Music.
Cher Lloyd's debut single "Swagger Jagger" was released in June 2011. Despite receiving negative reviews, the single entered at number one on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the Irish Singles Chart. Her second single "With Ur Love" was released on 31 October, featuring Mike Posner, and peaked at number four in the UK, and number five in Ireland, preceding her debut album Sticks + Stones, which peaked at number four in the UK Albums Chart and number seven on the Irish Albums Chart.[1]
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Cher Lloyd used to live in Malvern with her parents Darren and Dina, and three younger siblings brother Josh, and sisters Sophie and Rosie. Lloyd attended Dyson Perrins CE Sports College, where she studied performing arts.[2] She also attended theatre arts school Stagecoach.
Lloyd had previously auditioned for The X Factor twice before (when the minimum age was lower) singing ballads, but did not make it through.[3] Lloyd has previously performed at holiday camps and said she gets a mixed reaction to her music, but was a big hit with x-factor judge at the time Cheryl Cole. She remarked on their similarity and Cheryl went on to support her throughout the show.[4] She auditioned singing the Keri Hilson version of "Turn My Swag On".[4] At bootcamp she sang a rap version of "Viva La Vida"[5] adding lyrics she claimed to have written herself, but this was disputed and reports claimed she took them from a song by rapper Swizz Beatz.[6][7] At the judges' houses she performed "Cooler Than Me"[8] but suffered from tonsillitis and was unable to complete her song.[9] She was given a second chance, but broke down sobbing and could not complete the song. Despite this, she was still picked as one of the final three girls by mentor Cheryl Cole.
Lloyd sang a rendition of "Just Be Good to Me" in the first of the live shows. In the second live show she sang "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)". In the third live show, she sang a mashup of "No Diggity" and "Shout", and in the fourth live show she sang "Stay". This was the first time Lloyd did not rap in her performance, and Cowell even called it "the performance of the season". In week five, Lloyd sang "Empire State of Mind", but judges stated that after last week they were disappointed, and Cowell said it was copycat. However, the judges agreed that she redeemed herself with her rendition of "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" mixed with "Mockingbird", by Elton John and Eminem respectively, in week 6. In the seventh week, Lloyd was in the bottom two for the first time after her rendition of "Imagine", but Cowell, Cole and Walsh all saved her in the final showdown, resulting in Paije Richardson being eliminated. In the following week Lloyd performed "Girlfriend", followed by "Walk This Way". Both performances were credited by the judges and she was saved by the public vote the following night, securing her position in the semi final.[10] In the semi-final, Lloyd performed "Nothin' on You" and "Love the Way You Lie" and was in the bottom two with Mary Byrne. She was saved by the judges again and put through to the final, even though voting statistics after the show revealed that Lloyd had the fewest votes.[11] In the final she performed a mash-up of "The Clapping Song" and "Get Ur Freak On", followed by a duet with will.i.am, which was a mashup of "Where Is the Love?" and "I Gotta Feeling". Lloyd was then eliminated in fourth place, having received the fewest public votes.[12]
After the final it was announced that Lloyd had been signed by Syco Music.[14] Lloyd and nine other contestants from the series participated in the X Factor Live Tour from February 2011 to April 2011. The tour saw Lloyd performing for 500,000 people throughout the UK.[15] Songwriter Autumn Rowe[16] and producer RedOne[17] worked on her debut album, scheduled for release in November 2011.[18] Her debut single, "Swagger Jagger", received its first airplay on 20 June 2011 after it had been leaked onto the internet on 15 June 2011[19] however, this version was later confirmed as only the demo of the track on Lloyd's Twitter account.[20] The single was released on 31 July 2011[21] and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 7 August 2011.
On 28 July 2011, Lloyd previewed five tracks from her upcoming album during a Ustream session, including tracks featuring Busta Rhymes, Mike Posner, Ghetts, Mic Righteous and Dot Rotten.[22] Lloyd confirmed on Twitter that "With Ur Love" featuring Mike Posner was to be released has her second single. The single was released on 30 October 2011. The single received its first radio airplay on 21 September 2011. The music video premiered on 1 October 2011, on morning show T4. The single sold 74,030 copies in its first week becoming the highest-selling number four single since Rihanna's "Only Girl (In the World)", which sold 74,248 copies in October 2010.[23] Lloyd confirmed the album's title "Sticks + Stones" on her twitter. The album was released on 7 November 2011.[24] The album peaked at number four and has sold 198,199 copies in the United Kingdom as of January 2012.[25]
On 21 November 2011, Lloyd announced her debut headlining UK tour, the Sticks + Stones Tour, set for March and April 2012.[26] In December 2011, two more dates were added due to popular demand for tickets.[27] "Sticks + Stones" will be released in 2012 through Epic Records in the United States[28] On 13 December, a music video for "Dub on the Track" featuring underground artists Mic Righteous, Dot Rotten and Ghetts, who also all appear in the accompanying video, premiered on SBTV.[29][30] The song will not serve as the third single.[31]
December 2011, Cher Lloyd signed a record deal with L.A. Reid to Epic Records in the United States. She is expected to release her debut album in the United States in late 2012.[28]
"Want U Back" was confirmed[32] as the third single from the album. The single version features vocals from American rapper Astro and was released 19 February 2012.[33] Following the release of the music video on 6 January 2012, the single peaked at number twenty-six on the UK Singles Chart, due to digital downloads from the album.[34] Cher confirmed via her official website that "Beautiful People" is the fourth single from the album, but there is no official release date.[35]
In February 2012, Lloyd spoke out to BBC Radio on her consistent cyber-bullying and how she fears for her safety after becoming a victim of online bullying. "I'm public property and there's nothing I can do — I have got to deal with it." She continued: "The message that I have got for people is: I have always tried to act the hard person and that was just a front for me. It is about time now that I let people realise that I am a real person and if I can do it, with all these people that want a piece of me, then other victims can speak out as well. There have been many times when I have cried myself to sleep. I am very scared because I like to think people think I'm strong, because if they don't, then they might not think I can do it."[36] Lloyd also spoke to Newsbeat on how she thinks the government should take more action in preventing cyber-bullying.[37] On 24 February 2012, it was announced that Cher Lloyd has signed a modelling contract with Select. Select's special bookings revently stated:
Her strong individuality represents everything that we love about the youth today and their music. Like everyone, she is a melting pot of different emotions, from super confidence oozing fun to a vulnerability
Lloyd has previously appeared on the cover of RWD Magazine and modelled for fashion bible Wonderland.[38]
On 10 April 2012, Cher Lloyd announced she has started work on her second album, and has done a few songs.[39] Lloyd plans to re-release her single Want U Back in the US without Astro, but has recorded a remix with Snoop Dogg.[40] L.A. Reid also plans to introduce Lloyd to American media in New York, hoping Lloyd will make a breakthrough in America.[41] Cher Lloyd has recently confirmed her engagement to boyfriend Craig, and hopes to get married as soon as possible.[42][43][44] However, Lloyd has received controversy due to marriage at a young age, but has argued her "Gypsy background means she should have already married by now". She hopes to get married sometime in the summer of 2012.[45]
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | The X Factor (UK) | Contestant | seventh series, came fourth in the competition. |
2012 | Panorama | Guest (herself) | Spoke about her experiences with cyber-bullying. |
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The Andrews Sisters | |
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Left to right: Maxene, Patty, LaVerne Left to right: Maxene, Patty, LaVerne |
|
Background information | |
Origin | Minnesota, United States |
Years active | 1925 | –1967
Website | www.cmgww.com/music/andrews |
The Andrews Sisters were a highly successful close harmony singing group of the swing and boogie-woogie eras. The group consisted of three sisters: contralto LaVerne Sophia Andrews (July 6, 1911 – May 8, 1967; Age 55), soprano Maxene Angelyn Andrews (January 3, 1916 – October 21, 1995; Age 79), and mezzo-soprano Patricia Marie "Patty" Andrews (born February 16, 1918; Age 94). Throughout their long career, the sisters sold well over 75 million records (the last official count released by MCA Records in the mid-1970s). Their 1941 hit "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" can be considered an early example of rhythm and blues or jump blues.
The Andrews Sisters' harmonies and songs are still influential today, and have been covered by entertainers such as Bette Midler, the Puppini Sisters and Christina Aguilera. The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998.
Contents |
The Andrews sisters were born in Minnesota to a Greek immigrant father and a Norwegian American mother,[1] Olga "Ollie" (née Sollie) Andrews (1886–1948) and Peter Andreas (proper probable Greek form of name Petros Andreou), who took the name of Andrews (1884–1949).
Patty, the youngest and the lead singer of the group, was only seven when the group was formed, and just 12 when they won first prize at a talent contest at the local Orpheum Theatre in Minneapolis, where LaVerne played piano accompaniment for the silent film showings in exchange for free dancing lessons for herself and her sisters. Once the sisters found fame and settled in California, their parents lived with them in a Brentwood estate in Los Angeles until their deaths. Several cousins from Minnesota followed them west. The sisters returned to Minneapolis at least once a year to visit family and friends and/or to perform.
They started their career as imitators of an earlier successful singing group, the Boswell Sisters. After singing with various dance bands and touring in vaudeville with the likes of Ted Mack, Leon Belasco, and comic bandleader Larry Rich, they first came to national attention with their recordings and radio broadcasts in 1937, most notably via their major Decca record hit, Bei Mir Bist Du Schön (translation: To me, you are beautiful),[2] originally a Yiddish tune, the lyrics of which Sammy Cahn had translated to English and which the girls harmonized to perfection. They followed this success with a string of best-selling records over the next two years and they became a household name by 1940.
During World War II, they entertained the Allied forces extensively in America, Africa and Italy, visiting Army, Navy, Marine and Coast Guard bases, war zones, hospitals, and munitions factories.[3] They encouraged U.S. citizens to purchase war bonds with their rendition of Irving Berlin's song Any Bonds Today?. They also helped actors Bette Davis and John Garfield found California's famous Hollywood Canteen, a welcome retreat for servicemen where the trio often performed, volunteering their personal time to sing and dance for the soldiers, sailors and Marines (they did the same at New York City's Stage Door Canteen during the war). While touring, they often treated three random servicemen to dinner when they were dining out. They recorded a series of Victory Discs (V-Discs) for distribution to Allied fighting forces only, again volunteering their time for studio sessions for the Music Branch, Special Service Division of the Army Service Forces, and they were dubbed the "Sweethearts of the Armed Forces Radio Service" for their many appearances on shows like "Command Performance", "Mail Call", and "G.I. Journal."
The Andrews Sisters broke up in 1951 because one sister joined a different group, with her husband acting as her agent. When Maxene and LaVerne learned of Patty's decision from newspaper gossip columns rather than from their own sister, it caused a bitter two-year separation, especially when Patty decided to worsen matters by suing LaVerne for a larger share of their parents' estate.[citation needed] Maxene and LaVerne tried to continue the act as a duo and met with good press during a 10-day tour of Australia, but a reported suicide attempt by Maxene in December 1954[4] put a halt to any further tours (Maxene spent a short time in hospital after swallowing 18 sleeping pills, an occurrence that LaVerne told reporters was an accident).
The trio reunited in 1956. They signed a new recording contract with Capitol Records (for whom Patty had become a featured soloist) and released a dozen singles through 1959, some rock-and-roll flavored and not very well received, and three hi-fi albums, including a vibrant LP of songs from the dancing 1920s with Billy May's orchestra. In 1962, they signed with Dot Records and recorded a series of stereo albums over five years, both re-recordings of earlier hits, as well as new material, including "I Left My Heart In San Francisco", "Still", "The End of the World",[disambiguation needed ] "Puff the Magic Dragon", "Sailor", "Satin Doll", the theme from Come September, and the theme from A Man and a Woman. They toured extensively during the 1960s, favoring top nightclubs in Las Vegas, Nevada, California and London, England.
The act came to an abrupt end in 1967 when eldest sister LaVerne died of cancer after a year-long bout with the illness,[5] during which she was replaced by singer Joyce DeYoung. LaVerne had founded the original group, and often acted as the peacemaker among the three during the sisters' lives, more often siding with her parents, to whom the girls were extremely devoted, than with either of her sisters. Once LaVerne was dead, Maxene saw no need to continue as a duo (she taught acting, drama, and speech at a Lake Tahoe college and worked with troubled teens), and Patty was once again eager to be a soloist.[6]
Both surviving sisters had something of a comeback when Bette Midler recorded her own version of their song "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" in 1972. Their most notable comeback, however, was in the Sherman Brothers' nostalgic World War II musical: Over Here! which premiered on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre in 1974 to rave reviews. This was a follow-up to Patty's success in "Victory Canteen" a 1971 California revue. The musical starred Maxene and Patty (with Janie Sell filling in for LaVerne and winning a Tony Award for her performance) and was written with both sisters in mind for the leads. It launched the careers of many now notable theater, film and television icons (John Travolta, Marilu Henner, Treat Williams, Ann Reinking, et al.). It was the last major hurrah for the sisters and was cut short due to a lawsuit initiated by Patty's husband against the show's producers, squashing an extensively scheduled road tour for the company, including the sisters.
Patty immediately distanced herself from Maxene, who claimed until her death that she was not aware of Patty's motives regarding the separation. She appealed to Patty for a reunion, personally if not professionally, both in public and in private, but to no avail. Maxene suffered a serious heart attack while performing in Illinois in 1982 and underwent quadruple bypass surgery, from which she successfully recovered. Patty visited her sister while she was hospitalized. Now sometimes appearing as "Patti" (but still signing autographs as "Patty") she re-emerged in the late 1970s as a regular panelist on The Gong Show. Maxene had a very successful comeback as a cabaret soloist in 1979 and toured worldwide for the next 15 years, recording a solo album in 1985 entitled "Maxene: An Andrews Sister" for Bainbridge Records. Patty started her own solo act in 1981, but did not receive the critical acclaim her sister had for her performances, even though it was Patty who was considered to be the "star" of the group for years. The critics' major complaint was that Patty's show concentrated too much on Andrews Sisters material, which did not allow Patty's own talents as a very expressive and bluesy vocalist to shine through.
The two sisters did reunite, albeit briefly, on October 1, 1987 when they received a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame, even singing a few bars of "Beer Barrel Polka" for the Entertainment Tonight cameras. Ironically, an earthquake shook the area that very morning and the ceremony was nearly cancelled, which caused Patty to joke, "Some people said that earthquake this morning was LaVerne because she couldn't be here, but really it was just Maxene and I on the telephone." Both sisters laughed and shared a hug. Besides this, and a few brief private encounters, they remained somewhat estranged for the last few years.
Shortly after her Off-Broadway debut in New York City in a show called Swingtime Canteen, Maxene suffered another heart attack and died at Cape Cod Hospital on October 21, 1995, making Patty the only surviving Andrews Sister. Not long before she died, Maxene told music historian William Ruhlmann, "I have nothing to regret. We got on the carousel and we each got the ring and I was satisfied with that. There's nothing I would do to change things if I could...Yes, I would. I wish I had the ability and the power to bridge the gap between my relationship with my sister, Patty."[citation needed] Upon hearing the news of her sister's death, Patty became very distraught. As her husband Wally went to her, he fell on a flight of stairs and broke both wrists. Patty did not attend her sister's memorial services in New York, nor in California. Said Bob Hope of Maxene's passing, "She was more than part of The Andrews Sisters, much more than a singer. She was a warm and wonderful lady who shared her talent and wisdom with others."
Instrumental to the sisters' success over the years were their parents, Olga and Peter; their orchestra leader and musical arranger, Vic Schoen (1916–2000); music publishing giant Lou Levy, who died only days after Maxene, and was their manager from 1937–51 and was also Maxene's husband from 1941–49;[7] and both Jack Kapp (d. 1949) and his brother David Kapp, who founded Decca Records.
Patty Andrews married agent Marty Melcher in 1947 and left him in 1949, when he pursued a romantic relationship with Doris Day (at the time of his death, Melcher left Day in millions of dollars of debt after mismanaging her money for years, unbeknownst to Day). Patty then married Walter Weschler, the trio's pianist, in 1951. LaVerne married Lou Rogers,[5] a trumpet player in Vic Schoen's band, in 1948, and remained with him until her death (he died in 1995, five days after Maxene's and five days before Levy's deaths).
LaVerne and Maxene Andrews are interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California with their parents, and room remains in the crypt for Patty if she chooses it as her final resting place.
At age 94, Patty Andrews lives quietly in Northridge, California. Wally Weschler, her husband of 60 years, died on August 28, 2010, at the age of 88. In interviews, when granted, she rarely speaks personally of her sisters. When asked about their legendary feuding, she jokes about it and quickly moves on to the next topic, as in 1985, when she told Merv Griffin during a television interview, "The Andrews Sisters only had one big fight. Really. It started in 1937 and it's still going!"
The Andrews Sisters' recording of "Don't Sit under the Apple Tree" was sampled in Soul Coughing's song "Down to This" off their album Ruby Vroom. Until the advent of the Supremes, the sisters were the most imitated of all female singing groups and influenced many artists, including Mel Tormé, Les Paul and Mary Ford, The Four Freshmen, The McGuire Sisters, The Manhattan Dolls, The Lennon Sisters, The Pointer Sisters, The Manhattan Transfer, The Puppini Sisters, Barry Manilow, and Bette Midler; even Elvis Presley was a fan.
Most of the Andrews Sisters' music has been restored and released in compact disc form, yet over 300 of their original Decca recordings, a good portion of which was hit material, has yet to be released by MCA/Decca in over 50 years. Many of these Decca recordings have been used in such television shows and Hollywood movies as Homefront, ER, The Brink's Job, National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, Swing Shift, Raggedy Man, Summer of '42, Slaughterhouse-Five, Maria's Lovers, Harlem Nights, In Dreams, Murder in the First, L.A. Confidential, Just Shoot Me, Gilmore Girls, Mama's Family, War and Remembrance, Jakob the Liar, Lolita, The Polar Express, The Chronicles of Narnia, Memoirs of a Geisha, and Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!). Comical references to the trio in television sitcoms can be found as early as I Love Lucy and as recently as Everybody Loves Raymond. In 2007, their version of "Bei Mir Bist Du Schön" was included in the game BioShock, a first-person shooter that takes place in an alternate history 1960, and later in 2008, their song "Civilization" (with Danny Kaye) was included in the Atomic Age-inspired video game Fallout 3.
Christina Aguilera used the Andrews Sisters' "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" to inspire her song "Candyman" (released as a single in 2007) from her hit album Back to Basics. The song was co-written by Linda Perry. The London based trio the Puppini Sisters uses their style harmonies on several Andrews Sisters and other hits of the 1940s and 1950s as well as later rock and disco hits. The trio has said their name is a tribute to The Andrews Sisters. The Manhattan Dolls, a New York City-based touring group, performs both the popular tunes sung by the Andrews Sisters as well as some of the more obscure tunes such as "Well Alright" and "South American Way."
In 2008 and 2009, the BBC produced a one-hour documentary on the history of the Andrews Sisters from their upbringing in Mound, Minnesota, to the present. The American premier of the show was June 21, 2009 in Mound. In 2008, Mound dedicated "The Andrews Sisters Trail". The sisters spent summers in Mound with their uncles Pete and Ed Solie, who had a grocery store there. Maxene Andrews always said that the summers in Mound created a major sense of "normalcy" and "a wonderful childhood" in a life that otherwise centered around the sisters' careers. The Westonka Historical Society has a large collection of Andrews Sisters memorabilia.
When the sisters burst upon the music scene in the late 1930s, they shook a very solid musical foundation: producing a slick harmonic blend by singing at the top of their lungs while trying - successfully - to emulate the blare of three harmonizing trumpets, with a full big band racing behind them. Some bandleaders of the day, such as Artie Shaw and his musicians, resented them for taking the focus away from the band and emphasizing the vocals instead. They were in as high demand as the big bandleaders themselves, many of whom did not want to share the spotlight and play back-up to a girl trio.
Nevertheless, they found instant appeal with teenagers and young adults who were engrossed in the swing and jazz idioms, especially when they performed with nearly all of the major big bands, including those led by Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Buddy Rich, Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, Gene Krupa, Joe Venuti, Freddie Slack, Eddie Heywood, Bob Crosby (Bing's brother), Desi Arnaz, Guy Lombardo, Les Brown, Bunny Berigan, Xavier Cugat, Paul Whiteman, Ted Lewis, Nelson Riddle and mood-master Gordon Jenkins, whose orchestra and chorus accompanied them on such successful soft and melancholy renditions as "I Can Dream, Can't I?" (which shot to number one on Billboard and remained in the Top 10 for 25 weeks), "I Wanna Be Loved", "There Will Never Be Another You", and the inspirational "The Three Bells" (the first recorded English version of the French composition), as well as several solo recordings with Patty, including a cover version of Nat King Cole's "Too Young", "It Never Entered My Mind", "If You Go", and "That's How A Love Song Is Born".
"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" can be considered an early recording of rhythm and blues or jump blues.
While the sisters specialized in swing, boogie-woogie, and novelty hits with their trademark lightning-quick vocal syncopations, they also produced major hits in jazz, ballads, folk, country-western, seasonal, and religious titles, being the first Decca artists to record an album of gospel standards in 1950. Their versatility allowed them to pair with many different artists in the recording studios, producing Top 10 hits with the likes of Bing Crosby (the only recording artist of the 1940s to sell more records than The Andrews Sisters), Danny Kaye, Dick Haymes, Carmen Miranda, Al Jolson, Ray McKinley, Burl Ives, Ernest Tubb, Red Foley, Dan Dailey, Alfred Apaka, and Les Paul. In personal appearances, on radio and on television, they sang with everyone from Rudy Vallee, Judy Garland and Nat "King" Cole to Jimmie Rodgers, Andy Williams, and The Supremes. Some obvious 1930's song styles can be heard with early contemporary harmonizers of their day with the Boswell Sisters, and the Three X Sisters.
Maxene, Patty, and LaVerne appeared in 17 Hollywood films. Their first picture, Argentine Nights, paired them with another enthusiastic trio, the Ritz Brothers.[8] Universal Pictures, always budget-conscious, refused to hire a choreographer, so the Ritzes taught the sisters some eccentric steps. Thus, in Argentine Nights and the sisters' next film, Buck Privates, the Andrews Sisters dance like the Ritz Brothers.
Buck Privates, with Abbott and Costello, featured the Andrews Sisters' best-known song, "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy". This Don Raye-Hughie Prince composition was nominated for Best Song at the 1941 Academy Awards ceremony.
Universal hired the sisters for two more Abbott and Costello comedies, and then promoted them to full-fledged stardom in B musicals. What's Cookin', Private Buckaroo, and Give Out, Sisters (the latter portraying the sisters as old ladies) were among the team's popular full-length films.
The Andrews Sisters have a specialty number in the all-star revue Hollywood Canteen (1944). They can be seen singing "You Don't Have to Know the Language" with Bing Crosby in Paramount's Road to Rio with Bob Hope, that year's highest-grossing movie. Their singing voices are heard in two full-length Walt Disney features ("Make Mine Music"[9] which featured Johnny Fedora and Alice Blue Bonnet, and "Melody Time", which introduced Little Toot, both of which are available on DVD today).
The Andrews Sisters were the most sought-after entertainment property in theater shows worldwide during the 1940s and early 1950s, always topping previous house averages. Blonde Patty, brunette Maxene and redhead LaVerne headlined at the London Palladium in 1948 and 1951 to sold-out crowds. They hosted their own radio shows for ABC and CBS from 1944–1951, singing specially-written commercial jingles for such products as Wrigley's chewing gum, Dole pineapples, Nash motor cars, Kelvinator home appliances, Campbell's soups, and Franco-American food products.
They recorded 47 songs with crooner Bing Crosby, 23 of which charted on Billboard, thus making the team one of the most successful pairings of acts in a recording studio in show business history. Their million-sellers with Crosby included "Pistol Packin' Mama", "Don't Fence Me In", "South America, Take It Away", and "Jingle Bells", among other yuletide favorites.
The sisters' popularity was such that after the war they discovered some of their records had actually been smuggled into Germany after the labels had been changed to read "Hitler's Marching Songs". Their recording of Bei Mir Bist Du Schön became a favorite of the Nazis, until it was discovered that the song's composers were of Jewish descent. Still, it did not stop concentration camp inmates from secretly singing it, this is most likely since the song was originally a Yiddish song "Bei Mir Bistu Shein", and had been popularized within the Jewish community before it was recorded as a more successful "cover" version by the Andrews sisters.
Along with Bing Crosby, separately and jointly, The Andrews Sisters were among the performers who incorporated ethnic music styles into America's Hit Parade, popularizing or enhancing the popularity of songs with melodies originating in Brazil, Czechoslovakia, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and Trinidad, many of which their manager chose for them.
The Andrews Sisters became the best-selling female vocal group in the history of popular music, setting records that remain unsurpassed to this day:
Early comparative female close harmony trios were the Boswell Sisters, the Pickens Sisters, and the Three X Sisters.
Year | Single | Chart positions | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
US | US R&B |
US Country | ||
1938 | "Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen" | 1 | - | - |
"Nice Work If You Can Get It" | 12 | - | - | |
"Joseph, Joseph" | 18 | - | - | |
"Ti-Pi-Tin" | 12 | - | - | |
"Shortenin' Bread" | 16 | - | - | |
"Says My Heart" | 10 | - | - | |
"Tu-li-Tulip Time" | 9 | - | - | |
"Sha-Sha" | 17 | - | - | |
"Lullaby To a Jitterbug" | 10 | - | - | |
1939 | "Pross-Tchai (Goodbye)" | 15 | - | - |
"Hold Tight, Hold Tight" | 2 | - | - | |
"You Don't Know How Much You Can Suffer" | 14 | - | - | |
"Beer Barrel Polka (Roll Out the Barrel)" | 4 | - | - | |
"Well All Right (Tonight's the Night)" | 5 | - | - | |
"Ciribiribin (They're So In Love)"(with Bing Crosby) | 13 | - | - | |
"Yodelin' Jive"(with Bing Crosby) | 4 | - | - | |
"Chico's Love Song" | 11 | - | - | |
1940 | "Say Si Si (Para Vigo Me Voy)" | 4 | - | - |
"The Woodpecker Song" | 6 | - | - | |
"Down By the O-Hi-O" | 21 | - | - | |
"Rhumboogie" | 11 | - | - | |
"Ferryboat Serenade" | 1 | - | - | |
"Hit the Road" | 27 | - | - | |
"Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar" | 2 | - | - | |
1941 | "Scrub Me, Mama, With a Boogie Beat" | 10 | - | - |
"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" | 6 | - | - | |
"I Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi (I Like You Very Much)" | 11 | - | - | |
"(I'll Be With You) In Apple Blossom Time" | 5 | - | - | |
"Aurora" | 10 | - | - | |
"Sonny Boy" | 22 | - | - | |
"The Nickel Serenade" | 22 | - | - | |
"Sleepy Serenade" | 22 | - | - | |
"I Wish I Had a Dime (For Every Time I Missed You)" | 20 | - | - | |
"Jealous" | 12 | - | - | |
1942 | "The Shrine of St. Cecilia" | 3 | - | - |
"I'll Pray For You" | 22 | - | - | |
"Three Little Sisters" | 8 | - | - | |
"Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree" | 16 | - | - | |
"Pennsylvania Polka" | 17 | - | - | |
"That's the Moon, My Son" | 18 | - | - | |
"Mister Five By Five" | 14 | - | - | |
"Strip Polka" | 6 | - | - | |
"Here Comes the Navy" | 17 | - | - | |
1943 | "East of the Rockies" | 18 | - | - |
"Pistol Packin' Mama"(with Bing Crosby) | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
"Victory Polka"(with Bing Crosby) | 5 | - | - | |
"Jingle Bells"(with Bing Crosby) | 19 | - | - | |
"Shoo-Shoo Baby" | 1 | - | - | |
1944 | "Down In the Valley" | 20 | - | - |
"Straighten Up and Fly Right" | 8 | - | - | |
"Tico Tico" | 24 | - | - | |
"Sing a Tropical Song" | 24 | - | - | |
"Is You Is Or Is You Ain't My Baby"(with Bing Crosby) | 2 | - | - | |
"A Hot Time In the Town of Berlin"(with Bing Crosby) | 1 | - | - | |
"Don't Fence Me In"(with Bing Crosby) | 1 | 9 | - | |
1945 | "Rum and Coca Cola" | 1 | 3 | - |
"Accentuate the Positive"(with Bing Crosby) | 2 | - | - | |
"The Three Caballeros"(with Bing Crosby) | 8 | - | - | |
"One Meat Ball" | 15 | - | - | |
"Corns For My Country" | 21 | - | - | |
"Along the Navajo Trail"(with Bing Crosby) | 2 | - | - | |
"The Blond Sailor" | 8 | - | - | |
1946 | "Money Is the Root of All Evil" | 9 | - | - |
"Patience and Fortitude" | 12 | - | - | |
"Coax Me a Little Bit" | 24 | - | - | |
"South America, Take It Away"(with Bing Crosby) | 2 | - | - | |
"Get Your Kicks On Route 66"(with Bing Crosby) | 14 | - | - | |
"I Don't Know Why" | 17 | - | - | |
"House of Blue Lights" | 15 | - | - | |
"Rumors Are Flying"(with Les Paul) | 4 | - | - | |
"Winter Wonderland"(with Guy Lombardo) | 22 | - | - | |
"Christmas Island"(with Guy Lombardo) | 7 | - | - | |
1947 | "Tallahassee"(with Bing Crosby) | 10 | - | - |
"There's No Business Like Show Business"(with Bing Crosby and Dick Haymes) | 25 | - | - | |
"On the Avenue" | 21 | - | - | |
"Near You" | 2 | - | - | |
"The Lady From 29 Palms" | 7 | - | - | |
"The Freedom Train"(with Bing Crosby) | 21 | - | - | |
"Civilization (Bongo, Bongo, Bongo)"(with Danny Kaye) | 3 | - | - | |
"Jingle Bells"(with Bing Crosby)(re-entry) | 21 | - | - | |
"Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town"(with Bing Crosby) | 22 | - | - | |
"Christmas Island"(with Guy Lombardo)(re-entry) | 20 | - | - | |
"Your Red Wagon" | 24 | - | - | |
"How Lucky You Are" | 22 | - | - | |
1948 | "You Don't Have To Know the Language"(with Bing Crosby) | 21 | - | - |
"Teresa"(with Dick Haymes) | 21 | - | - | |
"Toolie Oolie Doolie (The Yodel Polka)" | 3 | - | - | |
"I Hate To Lose You" | 14 | - | - | |
"Heartbreaker" | 21 | - | - | |
"Sabre Dance" | 20 | - | - | |
"Woody Woodpecker"(with Danny Kaye) | 18 | - | - | |
"Blue Tail Fly"(with Burl Ives) | 24 | - | - | |
"Underneath the Arches" | 5 | - | - | |
"You Call Everybody Darling" | 8 | - | - | |
"Cuanto La Gusta"(with Carmen Miranda) | 12 | - | - | |
"160 Acres"(with Bing Crosby) | 23 | - | - | |
"Bella Bella Marie" | 23 | - | - | |
1949 | "Christmas Island"(with Guy Lombardo)(re-entry) | 26 | - | - |
"The Pussy Cat Song (Nyow! Nyot! Nyow!)"(Patty Andrews w/Bob Crosby) | 12 | - | - | |
"More Beer!" | 30 | - | - | |
"I'm Bitin' My Fingernails and Thinking of You"(with Ernest Tubb) | 30 | - | 2 | |
"Don't Rob Another Man's Castle"(with Ernest Tubb) | - | - | 6 | |
"I Can Dream, Can't I?" | 1 | - | - | |
"The Wedding of Lili Marlene" | 20 | - | - | |
"She Wore a Yellow Ribbon"(with Russ Morgan) | 22 | - | - | |
"Charley, My Boy"(with Russ Morgan) | 15 | - | - | |
1950 | "Merry Christmas Polka"(with Guy Lombardo) | 18 | - | - |
"Have I Told You Lately That I Love You"(with Bing Crosby) | 24 | - | - | |
"Quicksilver"(with Bing Crosby) | 6 | - | - | |
"The Wedding Samba"(with Carmen Miranda) | 23 | - | - | |
"I Wanna Be Loved" | 1 | - | - | |
"Can't We Talk It Over" | 22 | - | - | |
"A Bushel and a Peck" | 22 | - | - | |
1951 | "A Penny a Kiss, a Penny a Hug" | 17 | - | - |
"Sparrow in the Tree Top"(with Bing Crosby) | 8 | - | - | |
"Too Young"(Patty Andrews) | 19 | - | - | |
1955 | "Suddenly There's a Valley"(Patty Andrews) | 69 | - | - |
Highest chart positions on Billboard; with Vic Schoen and his orchestra, unless otherwise noted:
In one episode of My Favorite Husband Liz (Lucille Ball) claimed she was one of the Andrew Sisters, but she claimed she was their 'brother' Dana.
In the 2nd Season of Here's Lucy, Patty guest stars in the episode "Lucy And The Andrews Sisters" where she, Lucille Ball (as LaVerne), Lucie Arnaz (as Maxene), and Desi Arnaz Jr. (as Bing Crosby) re-create the Andrews Sisters sound for a dinner being held in Patty's honor by the Andrews Sisters Fan Club. Although they were to lip-synch to the Andrews Sisters records, Lucy ends up breaking them and they are forced to sing the songs live.
The poet Ogden Nash included the following lines in his verses for the 'Birds' section of the Carnival of the Animals: "Suburban yards and rural vistas are filled with avian Andrews Sisters."
Steven Spielberg's 1979 comedy film 1941 features a parody of the Andrews Sisters, called "The Anderson Sisters."
The band Soul Coughing samples the Andrews Sisters' "Don't Sit Under The Apple Tree" in the song "Down To This" (from their 1996 album Ruby Vroom)
Stephen Sondheim's groundbreaking 1970 musical, "Company" features the song "You Could Drive A Person Crazy," written and performed in the style of an Andrews Sisters song.
In an episode of "A Different World", the girls sing "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy".
The Andrew sisters appear as a trio in the 1997 remake of the film The Shining, originally written by Stephen King.
In the episode “Flaming Forties” of Mama's Family the song of Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy is lip-synced by Vicki Lawrence, Dorothy Lyman, and Rue McClanahan as Thelma Harper, Naomi Harper and as Fran Crowley.
In the sitcom "Step By Step" episode "Beauty Contest", Suzanne Somers and Angela Watson perform "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" as stepmother/stepdaughter during a bonding moment for a beauty pageant.
In the episode "Next of Shin" from King of the Hill, Hank Hill goes looking for his father in Las Vegas, and sees an ad for the Andrew Sisters performing at a casino. Saying, "I didn't know they were still alive, they were my dad's favorite group" he goes to the show in search of his father. After the show, he talks to one of the "sisters" only to discover it was actually a "drag" show and the sisters were not sisters at all.
In 2001 a Charmed episode "Muse to my Ears" shows a group acting as the Andrews Sisters on P3's 1940s night.
In the 2005 epic fantasy film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the Andrews Sisters' rendition of "Oh Johnny, Oh!" is used while the Pevensie siblings are playing hide-and-seek.
In the 2008 video Game Fallout 3 (Xbox 360, PC, Playstation3) their song "Civilization" with Danny Kaye is featured on the soundtrack.
The 2007 video game Bioshock uses the song "Bei Mir Bist Du Schön (Means With me you are beautiful)" as background music during game play.
In a 2005 episode of Gilmore Girls entitled We've Got Magic to Do, Rory organizes a World War II themed D.A.R. function featuring musical guests "The Andrews Sisters".
The 2007 movie Breach that tells the true story of the worst breach in the United States of America's national intelligence and secrets, Robert Hanssen requested to listen to the Andrews Sisters when his assistant asked him what would he like to listen on the car radio.
The 2010 video game "Mafia II" contains 6 songs from The Andrews sisters in the 1940s portion of the game on the "Empire Central Radio" station.
The 2010 track "Andrew's Break" by famous electroswing French band "AlgoRythmiK" (Chaphi Records) is a tribute to "The Ferryboat Serenade"
R&B star Keri Hilson pays tribute to the Andrew Sisters in her video Pretty Girl Rock.
In an episode of Allo Allo, Boogie woogie bugle boy by the Andrews sisters is played while Maddame edith (carmen slivera) yvette (Vicki Michelle) and mimi (sue hodge) dance and mime to the song.
The 2006 film Molly: An American Girl on the Home Front features the song "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree."
The 2011 video game L.A. Noire features the song Pistol Packin' Mama, where the sisters perform a duet with Bing Crosby.
They were parodied on "Sesame Street" as the Androoze Sisters, named Mayeeme (Audrey Smith), Pattiz (Maeretha Stewart), and Lavoorrnee (Kevin Clash).
The Andrews Sisters were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998.