{|align=right |

consort	yes
name	Alia Baha Ad-Din Toukan
succession	Queen consort of Jordan
imgw	210
reign	24 December 1972 – 9 February 1977
spouse	Hussein of Jordan
issue	Princess HayaPrince Ali
royal house	Hashemite
titles	''HM'' The Queen of Jordan ''Miss'' Alia Baha ed din Toukan
father	Bahauddin Touqan
mother	Hanan Hashim
birth date	December 25, 1948
birth place	Cairo, Egypt
death date	February 09, 1977
death place	Amman, Jordan

|- {|align=right |- | |} Alia Baha Ad-Din Touqan () (25 December 1948 – 9 February 1977), was the Queen consort of Jordan and the third spouse of King Hussein of Jordan from her marriage in 1972 until her death in a helicopter crash in 1977. The international airport in Amman is named after her.

Background

A daughter of Bahauddin Toukan, former Jordanian ambassador to the Court of St. James's, she was born in Cairo, Egypt. The Touqan family is a prominent family in Jordan from the city of Nablus Alia spent most of her childhood years traveling with her parents during her father’s career in Jordan’s diplomatic corps: she lived in Egypt, Turkey, London, the United States, and Rome. She attended Church School in London with her younger brother, Abdullah. She studied at the Rome Center of Liberal Arts of Loyola University of Chicago. She studied political science with a minor in social psychology, and public relations at Hunter College in New York. She was interested in sports and writing, and she wished to be a diplomat. In 1971, she moved to Jordan, where she worked for Royal Jordanian Airlines. She was asked by King Hussein Bin Talal to oversee the preparations for the first International Water Skiing Festival held in Aqaba in September 1972.

Family

She married the king in a private ceremony on 24 December 1972, and was titled Queen Alia al Hussein ().

They had two children:

Princess Haya, born 3 May 1974

Prince Ali, born 23 December 1975

They also adopted Abir, a 5-year-old Palestinian girl whose mother had been killed by a plane crash at a refugee camp near the Amman airport.

Queen

Queen Alia developed the role of consort to King Hussein, and founded the office of the Queen of Jordan as an active and public role. The active role of a queen she founded in Jordan has been followed by her successors in that position. She financed social development projects, placing particular emphasis on women and children. She made surprise visits to hospitals and national institutions, aiming to raise standards and help people to help themselves. In her drive to ensure that children from impoverished backgrounds received their right in education, she fostered close ties with schools such as the Schneller School for orphans, which took many street children that Queen Alia sent there: this was a commitment that continued throughout her lifetime and beyond, when King Hussein ensured the continuation of the many educational scholarships given in her name.

Alia's love of the arts and literature inspired the establishment of libraries throughout the country, including one at the Central Bank of Jordan and another in the King Hussein Medical City. Her interest in the arts led to the founding of the Haya Cultural Centre for Children, the National Folklore Troupe and the Alia Art Gallery. It was also instrumental in conceiving the Jerash Festival for the Arts.

In 1974, Alia called for women to be granted the right to elect and be elected for parliament. On 4 April 1974, a law was promulgated granting women this right; however the suspension of parliamentary life in Jordan between 1974 and 1989 prevented its implementation.

Alia died in a helicopter crash in Amman, Jordan, and Amman airport was subsequently renamed Queen Alia International Airport.

Institutions associated with Queen Alia

Securing Political Constitutional Rights for Women

The SOS Children's Village

The Queen Alia Foundation for Hearing and Speech

The Farah Rehabilitation Unit at the King Hussein Medical City

The Queen Alia Heart Institute at the King Hussein Medical City

Tkiyet Um Ali

References

http://www.princesshaya.net/bio_queen_alia.htm

{{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of Jordan |years=24 December 1972 – 9 February 1977}}

Category:1948 births Category:1977 deaths Category:People from Cairo Category:House of Hashim Category:Jordanian royal consorts Category:Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Jordan Category:Arab queens Category:Touqan family

ar:علياء بهاء الدين طوقان fr:Alia al Hussein it:Alia al Hussein he:עאליה אל-חוסיין pl:Alia (królowa Jordanii) fi:Alia al Hussein sv:Alia Baha ed Toukan

Al-Hussein (Irbid) () is a football club based in Irbid which competes in the Jordan League.

Al-Hussein participated in the 2005 AFC Cup, winning its group. The club has never won the Jordan League or Jordan FA Cup, but are three-time winners of the Jordan FA Shield and winners of the 2003 Jordan Super Cup. Most recently, Al-Hussein were beaten finalists in the 2007 Jordan FA Shield.

Current squad

References

External links

Al Hussein page at JFA website

Category:Jordanian football clubs

ar:الحسين إربد fr:Al Hussein Irbid

name	Princess Haya bint Al Hussein
arabic name	ھيا)
title	Princess Haya of Jordan; Sheikha Haya of Dubai
spouse	Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
issue	Sheikha Al Jalila
royal house	Hashemite
titles	''HRH'' Princess Haya of Jordan
father	Hussein of Jordan
mother	Alia al-Hussein
birth date	May 03, 1974
birth place	Amman, Jordan }}

Haya bint Al Hussein, (born 3 May 1974) is one of King Hussein I of Jordan's daughters and a wife of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. She is known as Her Royal Highness Princess Haya of Jordan (), a title derived from her father.

Education

Princess Haya studied in Britain, where she attended Badminton School for Girls in Bristol, Bryanston School in Dorset and later St Hilda's College, Oxford University, from which she graduated with a BA Honours degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE).

Marriage

On 10 April 2004, Princess Haya wedded HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai

On 2 December 2007 in Dubai, Princess Haya gave birth to her first child, HH Sheikha Al Jalila bint Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The baby's birth coincided with the United Arab Emirates' 36th celebration of its National Day.

Sports

Princess Haya participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia representing Jordan in show jumping, where she was also her country’s flag bearer.

Princess Haya was elected president of the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) in 2006 for an initial four-year term in the FEI’s first contested presidential race. She made history a second time in 2010, when dissatisfaction with her record led to her becoming the first sitting FEI president to be challenged in a re-election bid. She succeeded, however, in refuting the criticisms and in winning a second and final four-year term receiving an overwhelming mandate of 75 percent of the vote soundly defeating her most vocal critics.

On 7 June 2008, New Approach, a three-year-old colt owned by Princess Haya, trained in Ireland by Jim Bolger and ridden by Kevin Manning, won the Derby Stakes. On 25 October 2008, her three-year-old colt, Raven's Pass, won the $5 million Breeders' Cup Classic.

Charitable activities

Princess Haya has engaged in a range of humanitarian activities and founded Tikyet Um Ali, the first Arab NGO dedicated to overcoming local hunger, in her native Jordan. She now chairs Dubai's International Humanitarian City which is now the world's largest operational center for the delivery of aid in emergencies. She was an ambassador for the World Food Programme 2005-2007, and then appointed a UN Messenger of Peace in July 2007 by Secretary-General Ban-Ky Moon. She was a founding member of former Secretary-General Kofi Annan's Global Humanitarian Forum based in Geneva, writes editorials and articles on hunger, nutrition and the UN Millennium Development Goals, and serves on the boards of many non-profit organizations.

FEI controversies

Before her re-election in 2010, Princess Haya faced persistent and highly public criticisms from some members of the FEI Bureau for behaving dictatorially and violating the organisation’s democratic principles and procedures to pursue her own agenda. Some members of the FEI Bureau and the international press expressed the opinion that her behaviour reflected her background as a member of an unelected ruling family accustomed to unquestioning obedience, rather than an elected president of a democratic institution. Her re-election campaign was opposed by both of her personally chosen vice presidents and a majority of the FEI Bureau members who had worked with her.

In 2009, in the middle of the FEI’s campaign to eliminate doping and horse abuse in equestrian sport, Princess Haya’s husband and stepson were both convicted by the FEI for serious doping violations. Princess Haya ceded presidential powers to a senior colleague for the FEI disciplinary processes on the matter. She later complained that the issue would be used to "injure and damage the reputations of myself and my family."

Titles and Styles

3 May 1974 – 10 April 2004: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein of Jordan

''since'' 10 April 2004: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein of Jordan, Sheikha of Dubai

References

External links

Official website

Category:1974 births Category:Equestrians at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Maktoum family Category:United Arab Emirati racehorse owners and breeders Category:Owner of Epsom Derby winners Category:Living people Category:Jordanian princesses Category:Old Bryanstonians Category:House of Hashim Category:Alumni of St Hilda's College, Oxford Category:Touqan family Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates Category:United Nations Messengers of Peace Category:United Arab Emirati people of Jordanian descent Category:United Arab Emirati princesses Category:Old Badmintonians

ar:هيا بنت الحسين de:Haya bint al-Hussein es:Haya Bint Al Hussein fa:هیا بنت حسین ja:ハヤー・ビント・アール・フセイン fi:Haya Bint al-Hussein

name	Princess Iman bin Al Hussein
title	Princess Iman of Jordan
house	Hashemite
father	Hussein of Jordan
mother	Queen Noor
birth date	April 24, 1983
birth place	Amman, Jordan }}

Princess Iman (born 24 April 1983) is the daughter of King Hussein and Queen Noor. She has two brothers Hamzah and Hashim and a younger sister, Princess Raiyah. She is a half-sister to King Abdullah II of Jordan.

In 2008 she was included as 18th on the list of the "20 Hottest Young Royals" as compiled by Forbes Magazine.

She is of Jordanian descent on her father's side and Scottish, English, Syrian, Swedish, and American descent on her mother's side.

Education

Princess Iman studied at Fay School in Massachusetts and Maret School in Washington, D.C. She joined the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2002, and finished her training there on 8 August 2003. She attended university at American University and is currently pursuing a higher degree in veterinary studies.

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Princess Iman bint Al Hussein |2= 2. Hussein of Jordan |3= 3. Lisa Halaby |4= 4. Talal of Jordan |5= 5. Zein al-Sharaf |6= 6. Najeeb Elias Halaby |7= 7. Doris Carlquist |8= 8. Abdullah I of Jordan |9= 9. Musbah bint Nasser |10= 10. Sharif Jamal 'Ali bin Nasser |11= 11. Wijdan Shakir Pasha |12= 12. Najeeb Elias Halaby |13= 13. Laura Wilkins |14= 14. Franklin Elvin Carlquist |15= 15. Mae Ethel Ackroyd |16= 16. Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca |17= 17. Abdiya bin Abdullah |18= 18. Nasser bin 'Ali Pasha, Sharif of Mecca |19= 19. Dilber Khanum |20= 20. Nasser bin 'Ali Pasha, Sharif of Mecca (= 18) |21= 21. Dilber Khanum (= 19) |22= 22. Shakir Pasha, Governor of Cyprus |23= 23. |24= 24. Salim Halaby |25= 25. Almas |26= 26. John Thomas Wilkins |27= 27. Mamie |28= 28. Karl Johan Carlquist |29= 29. Kristina Sofia Ljunggren |30= 30. Eli Ackroyd |31= 31. Janet Peddie }}

References

External links

The 20 Hottest Young Royals - Princess Iman bint Al Hussein, Forbes

Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:American University alumni Category:Jordanian princesses Category:Jordanian people of Scottish descent Category:Jordanian people of English descent Category:Jordanian people of Swedish descent Category:Jordanian people of American descent Category:Jordanian people of Syrian descent

pl:Iman bint Husajn simple:Princess Iman bint Al Hussein

name	Hussein
native name	حسين بن طلال
succession	King of Jordan
reign	11 August 1952 – 7 February 1999 ()
predecessor	Talal
successor	Abdullah II
spouse	Sharifa Dina bint 'Abdu'l-HamidAntoinette Avril GardinerAlia Baha ed din ToukanLisa Halaby
issue	Princess AliaAbdullah II of JordanPrince FaisalPrincess AishaPrincess ZeinPrincess HayaPrince AliPrince HamzahPrince HashimPrincess ImanPrincess Raiyah
issue-link	#Personal life
issue-pipe	Details and adopted children
house	Hashemite
religion	Islam
father	Talal of Jordan
mother	Zein al Sharaf Talal
birth date	November 14, 1935
birth place	Amman, Emirate of Transjordan
death date	February 07, 1999
death place	Amman, Jordan
place of burial	Raghadan Palace
awards	}}

Hussein bin Talal (, ''''; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was the third King of Jordan from the abdication of his father, King Talal, in 1952, until his death. Hussein's rule extended through the Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli conflict. He recognized Israel in 1994, becoming the second Arab head of state to do so.

Hussein's family claims to descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his clan.

Early life and accession

Hussein was born in Amman on 14 November 1935 to Talal bin Abdullah and Princess Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil. After completing his elementary education in Amman, he was educated at Victoria College in Alexandria. He proceeded to Harrow School in England, where he befriended his cousin Faisal II of Iraq. He pursued further study at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

On 20 July 1951, Prince Hussein traveled to Jerusalem to perform Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque with his grandfather, King Abdullah I, where an assassin opened fire on Abdullah and his grandson. Abdullah was killed, but the 15-year-old Hussein survived the assassination attempt, and according to the Jordanian government, pursued the gunman. The Jordanian government claims that the gunman turned his weapon on the young prince, who was saved when the bullet was deflected by a medal on his uniform which had been given to him by his grandfather.

Abdullah was appointed Crown Prince of Jordan on 9 September 1951. Abdullah's eldest son, King Talal, became King of Jordan, but within a year was forced to abdicate owing to his mental state (European and Arab doctors diagnosed schizophrenia). King Talal's son, Crown Prince Hussein, was proclaimed King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 11 August 1952, succeeding at the age of 16; because this was under the legal age, he was enthroned a year later, on 2 May 1953.

Personal life

King Hussein was married four times (never simultaneously):

Sharifa Dina bint 'Abdu'l-Hamid (born 1929), on 18 April 1955. She was an Egyptian-born third cousin of King Hussein's father, King Talal. A graduate of Cambridge University and a former lecturer in English literature at Cairo University. They separated in 1956 and were divorced in 1957, at which time Queen Dina became known as Her Royal Highness Princess Dina Abdul-Hamid of Jordan. She became an Egyptian citizen in 1963, and in October 1970, Princess Dina of Jordan married Lieut-Colonel Asad Sulayman Abd al-Qadir, alias Salah Taamari, a Palestinian guerrilla commando who became a high-ranking official in the Palestine Liberation Organization.

* Daughter: H.R.H.Princess Alia bint Al Hussein (born 1956). Married first to Sayyid Nasser Mirza, they have one child together, a son Hussein. They divorced in 1987. She remarried in 1988 to Sayyid Mohammed Al-Saleh; they have two sons, Talal and Abdulhamid.

Antoinette Avril Gardiner ('Toni Gardiner'), (born 1941), on 25 May 1961, styled HRH Princess Muna al-Hussein from marriage. An award-winning field hockey player, former typist, and daughter of a British army officer turned innkeeper, Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Percy Gardiner, she was given the title Her Royal Highness Princess Muna al-Hussein and retained this title after they divorced on 21 December 1971.

* Children:

** His Majesty Abdullah II, King of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (born 1962). The current King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Married to Rania Al-Yassin. They have four children: Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma and Prince Hashem.

** His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein of Jordan (born 1963). Lieutenant-General, former Commander of Royal Jordanian Air Force. Married to Alia Tabbaa (now known as Her Royal Highness Princess Alia Tabbaa). They have four children: Princess Ayah, Prince Omar, and twins Princess Sara and Princess Aisha.

** Her Royal Highness Princess Aisha bint Hussein (born 1968). Brigadier-General of Jordan's Royal Jordanian Land Force. Married to Sayyid Zeid Juma, they have two children, a son Aoun and a daughter Muna.

** Her Royal Highness Princess Zein bint Hussein (born 1968, Aisha's twin). Married to Sayyid Majdi Al-Saleh, they have two children: a son Jaafar and a daughter Jumana, and an adopted daughter called Tahani Al Shawan.

Alia Baha el-Din Toukan H.M. Queen Alia al-Hussein (1948–1977), on 24 December 1972, after whom Jordan's international airport (Queen Alia International Airport) is named. She died in a helicopter crash in Amman, Jordan in 1977.

* Children:

** Her Royal Highness Princess Haya bint Hussein (born 1974). Married to Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai and has a daughter HH Sheikha Al Jalila.

** His Royal Highness Prince Ali bin Al Hussein of Jordan (born 1975). Married to Rym Brahimi now known as Her Royal Highness Princess Rym al-Ali. They have two children, Princess Jalilah and Prince Abdullah.

** Adopted daughter: Abir Muhaisen, (born 1972, adopted 1976). She attended Oldfields Prep School in Glencoe, Maryland, U.S.(boarding school).

Elizabeth Najeeb Halaby (born 1951), (renamed Queen Noor al Hussein on her conversion to Islam), married in Amman on 15 June 1978

* Children:

** His Royal Highness Prince Hamzah bin al Hussein of Jordan (born 1980). Married to Her Royal Highness Princess Noor bint Asem of Jordan, third daughter of His Royal Highness Prince Asem Abu Bakar of Jordan, by his first wife, Princess Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Princess Noor became Her Royal Highness Princess Noor Hamzah of Jordan upon her marriage. They have a daughter, Princess Hayah

** His Royal Highness Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein of Jordan (born 1981). Married to Her Royal Highness Princess Fahdah. They have two daughters: Princess Halaah and Princess Rayet Al Noor.

** Her Royal Highness Princess Iman bint Hussein (born 1983).

** Her Royal Highness Princess Raiyah bint Hussein (born 1986).

Hussein was an avid amateur radio operator and an Honorary Member of the Radio Society of Harrow (callsign JY1). A trained aircraft pilot, he was also known for flying airplanes (propeller and jet), as well as helicopters as a hobby.

King Hussein was succeeded as king by his eldest son Abdullah II of Jordan.

Reign

In March 1956 Hussein was appointed the King of Jordan, and burnished his own nationalist credentials by dismissing Glubb “Pasha” as the commander of the Jordanian Army, and replacing all the British officers with Jordanians. This now mainly Bedouin army was fiercely loyal to him, due to tribal connections.

Hussein's rule was marred with secret collaboration with Israel and the United States, which often adversely affected the surrounding Arab States and peoples, including the Palestinians. Secret meetings between King Hussein and Israeli foreign ministers Abba Eban and Golda Meir began on or before 1963. At first the meetings took place in London at the home of Dr. Emanuel Herbert, King Hussein's physician. Dr. Herbert, a Jew who desired to help Hussein and the Israeli government became the confidential go-between for contact between Israel and Jordan. Jordan, sharing the longest contiguous border with Israel was very interested in maintaining a peaceful posture towards Israel. As Avi Shlaim states Hussein's "...purpose throughout the 1960s was to see if there was any way to resolve the dispute with Israel peacefully."

King Hussein sought to understand Israel's position and preferred dialogue to the futility of war with its many dangers. Much of this desire grows out of the threat from other Arab states, specifically the Ba'athist regimes in Iraq and Syria and Nasser's ideology of Arab nationalism which had heavily influenced the Army. The first secret meeting took place on September 24, 1963 between King Hussein and Yaacov Herzog, a diplomat with wide experience and special emissary of prime minister Levi Eshkol. Among other things such as discussions regarding water rights, the purpose of the meetings were to plan and support Israeli and Jordanian initiatives in combating Fatah guerrillas. Hussein accepted minor raids into Jordanian territory by the Israeli Defence Forces. He would later state "I told them I could not absorb a serious retaliatory raid, and they accepted the logic of this and promised there would never be one".

On Nov 13, 1966, Israeli military conducted a major incursion into Jordanian territory, violating their secret agreement with King Hussein, in what became known as the Samu Incident. Two days later, in response to the incident, in a memo to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, his Special Assistant Walt Rostow wrote: "retaliation is not the point in this case. This 3000-man raid with tanks and planes was out of all proportion to the provocation and was aimed at the wrong target," and went on to describe the damage done to US and Israeli interests:

They've wrecked a good system of tacit cooperation between Hussein and the Israelis... They've undercut Hussein. We've spent $500 million to shore him up as a stabilizing factor on Israel's longest border and vis-à-vis Syria and Iraq. Israel's attack increases the pressure on him to counterattack not only from the more radical Arab governments and from the Palestinians in Jordan but also from the Army, which is his main source of support and may now press for a chance to recoup its Sunday losses... They've set back progress toward a long term accommodation with the Arabs... They may have persuaded the Syrians that Israel didn't dare attack Soviet-protected Syria but could attack US-backed Jordan with impunity.

Perception of King Hussein's secret collaboration with Israel led to great dissatisfaction of his rule both at home and throughout the Arab World. President Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt often referred to Hussein as "an "imperialist lackey". Army Commander-in-Chief General Sharif Zaid Ben Shaker warned in a press conference that "If Jordan does not join the war a civil war will erupt in Jordan". In order to maintain credibility in the Arab world and maintain stability at home, on May 30, 1967, King Hussein signed a mutual defense treaty with Egypt, and handed over command of the Jordanian military to Egyptian generals.

Six-Day War

In June 1967, as a result of what later became known as the Six-Day War Jordan lost control of the West Bank and east Jerusalem and saw its military shattered. In addition the country was, for a second time, over-run with many Palestinian refugees, fleeing the Israeli assault. Much like after the 1948 war, Israel did not allow the fleeing refugees to return to the territories it had captured during the war. As a result, Palestinian refugees who fled the 1948 and 1967 wars, outnumbered Jordan's natural citizens. Most refugees were provided citizenship by the Hussein regime. Due to their sheer numbers, Palestinian factions in Jordan were able to exercise considerable authority essentially governing some areas of Jordan, leading to many considering them a state within a state, eroding Hussein's central authority.

Black September

In September, 1970, in accordance with secret agreements with Israel and the US, Hussein ordered the forcible expulsion of the Palestine Liberation Organization by the Jordanian military. The attacks on Palestinian fighters and civilians further deteriorated King Hussein's image in the Arab and Muslim world.

1973 Arab-Israeli War

After the death of Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser, his successor, Anwar Sadat, made several offers of peace and recognition, in return for the Egyptian lands captured by Israel during the six day war. The Israeli government rejected all offers, in line with US secretary of state Henry Kissinger's stalemate policy. . Sadat warned that Egypt would attempt to recapture the territories through war, but the Israeli government, perhaps due to the perception of the Israeli military invincibility after the six day war, dismissed Sadat's threat as empty posturing.

Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Syrian president Hafez al-Assad met King Hussein in 1973 to discuss the possibility of war. Hussein, fearing another loss of territory to Israel, declined. Furthermore, Hussein was suspicious of Sadat's promise to PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat to hand over the West Bank to the Palestinians in the event of a victory, as he considered the West Bank to be Jordanian territory. On the night of September 25, Hussein secretly flew to Tel Aviv to warn Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir of an impending Syrian attack. "Are (the Syrians) going to war without the Egyptians, asked Mrs. Meir. The king said he didn't think so. 'I think they [Egypt] would cooperate'".

On Oct 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt attacked Israel without the aid of Jordan. The war led to Israel taking Sadat seriously and engaging in negotiations which resulted in the return of captured Egyptian territories and the recognition of Israel by Egypt.

The Gulf War

Jordan remained neutral during the Gulf War primarily due to the country's severe economic reliance of Iraqi oil.

Peace with Israel

In 1994, Hussein concluded negotiations to end the official state of war with Israel resulting in the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace which he had begun negotiating in secret with the Israelis in the 1960s. Between 1963—1994 he had held at least 55 secret meetings with leading Israelis including at least seven prime and foreign ministers.

Due to the close relationship forged with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin during the negotiations of the treaty, Hussein was invited to give a speech during Rabin's funeral.

:''Full text: wikisource:Hussein of Jordan's Speech at Rabin's Funeral''

Summit of the Peacemakers

On 13 March 1996 the “Summit of the Peacemakers” was held at Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt hosted by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. In addition to King Hussein, Turkish President Suleiman Demirel, Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres, US President Bill Clinton, and Russian President Boris Yeltsin were present at the summit. The summit was convened with the expressed aim of putting the Israeli-Palestinian peace process back on track after a period of increased tension and hostility.

Hebron Agreement

Hussein was often involved in negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians. His 11th-hour intervention in January 1997 is said to have brought Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to an agreement on the long-awaited withdrawal of Israeli troops from most of the West Bank town of Hebron.

The Wye accords

In 1997 U.S. President Bill Clinton invited Hussein, who was in the US undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer, to attend the Wye Plantation talks. Hussein received a standing ovation at the ceremony and praise from Clinton

Illness

At the end of July 1998 it was made public that Hussein was diagnosed lymphatic cancer by doctors at the Mayo Clinic. Hussein's lymphoma was of a type that responded to chemotherapy, which the King had already begun and his physicians were optimistic he could be cured. Speaking on Jordanian television via satellite, Hussein reassured the Jordanian people that the cancer was curable. Nevertheless, he looked fragile and pale. It was the 62-year-old monarch's second bout with cancer; he lost a kidney to the disease in 1992.

On his way back to Jordan in January 1999, Hussein stopped in London. Doctors advised him to rest and stay in England for a few weeks, as he was still too fragile to travel. According to Jordanian government sources, Hussein stated that:

::“I need very much to feel the warmth of my people around me, there is work to be done and I will get the strength from my people to finish the business.“

Upon returning to Jordan Hussein was greeted by family members, ministers, parliament members, foreign dignitaries and a crowd of Jordanian citizens, estimated by Jordanian government officials of 2 million.

Death

Just before his death, Hussein made a change to his will, disinheriting the heir-apparent of several decades, his brother Hassan, in favor of his eldest son Abdullah. He abruptly returned to the U.S. clinic on 25 January 1999 for further treatment undergoing a failed bone marrow transplant after which he returned to Jordan.

On 7 February 1999 King Hussein died of complications related to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He was, at the time of his death, one of the longest-serving leaders in international politics. He had been the King of Jordan for over 46 years and during which he was an important actor in various Middle East conflicts. Just prior to his death, during an interview with CNN's Christiane Amanpour Hussein expressed his opinion that a peaceful resolution would eventually be reached in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

King Hussein's funeral was held on February 8, 1999 in the presence of all five of his sons, foreign dignitaries and statesmen, and an estimated 800,000 Jordanians. The UN General Assembly held an Emergency Special Session in "Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty the King of Jordan" on the same day.

Honours

King Faisal II Coronation Medal – 1953 Collar of the Grand Order of the Hashemites – 1953 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Two Rivers – 1953 Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) – 1953

Bailiff Grand Cross of the Venerable Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (GCStJ) – 1955

Grand Collar of the Order of the Nile – 1955 Collar of the Order of Military Merit – 1955 Grand Cordon of the Order of Omayyad of Syria – 1955 Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence of Tunisia – 1956 Collar special class of the Order of the Propitious Clouds – 1959 Collar of the Order of Pahlavi – 1959 Collar of the Order of Muhammadiya of Morocco – 1960 Collar of the Order of Solomon of the Ethiopian Empire – 1960 Collar of the Order of Idris I – 1960 Collar special class of the Order of Merit – 1960 Grand Collar of the King Abdul Aziz Decoration of – 1960 Collar of the Order of the Badr Chain – 1960 Collar of the Order of National Merit of Guinea – 1960 Collar of the Order of the Redeemer – 1960 Collar of the Order of Leopold – 1964 Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion – 1964 Collar of the Order of St Olav – 1964 Collar of the Order of the Tower and Sword (GCollTE) – 1964 Knight of the Order of the Golden Spur of the Vatican – 1964 Grand Cordon of the Order of the State Crown of Malaysia (DMN) – 1965 Royal Victorian Chain – 1966 Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour – 1967 Grand Cross special class of the Bundesverdienstkreuz of West Germany – 1967 Collar of the Order of Mubarak the Great – 1974 Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum – 1976 Collar of the Order of al-Khalifa of – 1976 Collar of the Order of Independence of Qatar – 1978 Grand Cordon of the Yugoslavian Grand Star – 1979 Collar of the Order of Merit of the Republic – 1983 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) – 1984

Bibliography

''Uneasy Lies the Head'' London: William Heinemann Ltd. (1962)

''My "War" with Israel'' London: Peter Owen. (1969) ISBN 0-7206-0310-2

''Mon Métier de Roi.'' Paris: R. Laffont (1975)

See also

Hashemite

Jordan

Jordanian military ranks

King Abdullah II

References

http://www.g3efx.org.uk/ Radio Society Of Harrow Special Thanks.

External links

King Hussein Bin Talal of Jordan \ A Photo Tribute.

Ancestry of Antoinette Avril Gardiner (b. 1941)

Obituary, NY Times, February 8, 1999 ''Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks In Straddling Two Worlds''

A Living Tribute to the Legacy of King Hussein I – official Royal Jordanian memorial website

Slide Show – Personal Tribute Page

King Hussein Bin Talal coins 1955–1977

King Hussein Bin Talal coins 1978–1999

King Hussein interviewed by Peter Krogh On ''American Interests'', 1985

Category:Kings of Jordan Category:House of Hashim Category:Field Marshals Category:Field marshals of Egypt Category:Marshals of the air force Category:Royal Air Force air marshals Category:Royal Air Force officers holding honorary commissions Category:Attempted assassination survivors Category:Syrian aviators Category:Jordanian aviators Category:Amateur radio people Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John Category:Deaths from lymphoma Category:People from Amman Category:Old Harrovians Category:1935 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Cancer deaths in Jordan

ar:الحسين بن طلال bs:Husein, kralj Jordana bg:Хусейн I (Йордания) ca:Hussein I de Jordània cs:Husajn I. da:Hussein af Jordan de:Hussein I. (Jordanien) et:Ḩusayn (Jordaania) es:Hussein I de Jordania fa:ملک حسین fr:Hussein de Jordanie ko:후세인 1세 hr:Hussein I., kralj Jordana id:Hussein dari Yordania it:Husayn di Giordania he:חוסיין, מלך ירדן jv:Hussein saking Yordania ms:Hussein dari Jordan nl:Hoessein van Jordanië ja:フセイン1世 no:Hussein av Jordan oc:Hussein de Jordania pl:Husajn ibn Talal pt:Hussein da Jordânia ro:Hussein al Iordaniei qu:Hussein I ru:Хусейн бен Талал sco:Hussein o Jordan sk:Husajn bin Talál sr:Хусеин од Јордана sh:Hussein I., kralj Jordana fi:Hussein (Jordania) sv:Hussein av Jordanien tr:Hüseyin (Ürdün) uk:Хусейн бен Талал yi:כוסיין קעניג פון יארדאניע zh:侯赛因·本·塔拉勒