This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (May 2010)

Note also the House of Elders of Somaliland

Afghanistan

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Afghanistan

Constitution Constitution Loya jirga Human Rights Presidency President (List) Hamid Karzai Vice President Mohammad Qasim Fahim (First) Karim Khalili (Second) Cabinet Legislature National Assembly House of Elders House of the People Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Divisions Provinces Governors Districts Elections Elections Political Parties Foreign relations Foreign relations

Other countries · Atlas Politics portal view talk edit

The House of Elders or Mesherano Jirga (Pashto: مشرانوجرګه), is the upper house of the bicameral National Assembly of Afghanistan, alongside the House of the People (Wolesi Jirga).

The House of Elders has 102 members. One-third (34) are elected by district councils (one per province) for three-year terms, one-third (34) by provincial councils (one per province) for four-year terms, and one-third (34) are nominated by the president for five-year terms. However, elections for the district councils were not held in the 2005 parliamentary elections. As such, each provincial council also selected one of its elected members to temporarily hold seats in the house until district council elections are held. Half of the presidential nominees have to be women, two representatives from the disabled and impaired and two from the Kuchis.^[1]

The House of Elders primarily has an advisory role rather than a maker of law. However, it does have some veto power.

Reserved seats for women[link]

Having been absent from the decision-making process for centuries, Afghan women for the first time entered the political arena in 2001, after the overthrow of Taliban. With the introduction of reserved seats provision in the 2002 Emergency Loya Jirga, when ten percent of 1600 seats were reserved for women, the ground was laid for participation of Afghan women in parliament.

The new 2004 constitution secured reserved seats for women and minorities in both houses of parliament. In the 2005 parliamentarian elections, Afghan women won 89 seats. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, in 2009 they are holding 67 seats (27.7%) in House of the People and 22 (21.6%) inHouse of Elders. This representation is above the worldwide average of 18.5% and above the average of the United States at 16.8% for the House and 15.4% for the Senate.

Members of Meshrano Jirga from 2005[link]

Members of Meshrano Jirga from 2005^[2]

incumbent	image	nature of term	notes
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
Sayed Hamed Gailani
Burhanullah Shinwari
Aminuddin Mozafari
Abdul Khaliq Hussaini
Mohammed Fahim
Ahmadshah Ramazan
Arsalan Rahmani
Bakhtar Aminzai
Bilqis Kochi
Torday Akhon
Qazi Soraya Ahmadyar
Homayrah Nemati
Hyatullah
Khadim Hussain Khodayar
Khan Mohammad Khagy
Khadija Husseini
Khairo Jan
Raz Muhammad
Roshan Arah Alkozai
Ryda Azimi
Zalmay
Sarah Sorkhabi
Sakhy Moshwani
Amer Sahedullah
Qazi Sahedullah Aboaman
Peer Sayed Ibrahim Gylani
Sultan Jan Khaksar
Suliman Yari
Samih Jan Shirzada
Sohilah Sharifi
Sayed Hamed Agha
Sayed Dawood Nasseri
Sayed Saleh Muhammad Saleh
Abdul Basir Ahmadi
Mullah Sayed Muhammad Akhund
Sayed Muhammad Mohsen
Shah Bi Bi
Wakeel Shah Nawaz
Sheer Mohammad Akhundzada
Sheer Muhammad Nooristani
Sabir Khan
Sediqah Balkhi
Safar Muhammad Kakar
Tayba Zahedi
Hallya Qazizada Qardash
Ebadullah Naqshbandi
Abdulahmad Zahdi
Abdul Baqi Baryal
Abdul Hafiz Zahir
Abdul Hameed Aimaq
Qazi Abdul Hay Khadim
AbdulRahman Hakimi
Abdul Satar
Ostad Abdul Sabor Farid
Abdul Qader Dostum
Abdullah Haqani
Abdul Wali Ahmadzai
Attahullah
Abdul Wahed Karizwal
Ghulam Farooq Farahi
Fazel Karim Mohammadi
Faqeer Muhammad
Qurban Ali Orfani
Qamer Khosti
Kubra Aman
Kubra Mostafawoi
Gongarem
Mahbob Khan
Mahboba Hoqoqmal
Mohtrama Habibi
Moslema Hussaini
Muhammad Afzal Ahmadzai
Muhammad Akbar Wahedat
Muhammad Anwar Muradi
Muhammad Baqir Sharifi
Muhammad Hassan Hotak
Muhammad Hassan Qazizada
Muhammad Hanif Hanifi
Muhammad Rangin Moshkwani
Muhammad Zaman Mohebi Bahlol
Muhammad Harif Sarwari
Muhammad Halam Eizedyar
Muhammad Omar Shirzad
Mohammad Omar Samim
Muhammad Eysa Khan Shinwari
Muhammad Kabir Marzban
Mohammad Nasir Attayee
Muhammad Hashim Ortaq
Muhammad Yunos Sheerin Agha
Khwaja Mahmmood Rashed
Mokaram Khan Nasseri
Mirbat Khan Mangal
Najeebah Hussaini
Najeebah Rokhshani Baloch
Nasereen Parsah
Nazar Muhammad
Nafas Gul Khedmat
Nafisa Sultani
Noorullah Mehmar
Kafeel Noor Muhammad
Wakeel Muhammad Laiq
Hedayetullah Rehay

References[link]

This legislature-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This Afghanistan-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Charles "Chuck" Missler is an author, evangelical Christian, Bible teacher, former businessman and US Naval officer. He is the founder of the Koinonia House ministry based in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Biography[link]

Missler was for several years the chairman, the chief executive, and the largest shareholder of Western Digital. In 1983 he became the chairman and chief executive of Helionetics Inc., another technology company.^[1] After teaching for many years at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, Missler moved to Coeur d'Alene in 1992 and founded Koinonia House. Through this organization, Missler distributes a monthly newsletter, Bible study tapes, and a radio show, and speaks at conferences.^[2]

Missler is a prominent speaker on the subject of bible prophecy.^[3] Missler has had numerous programs aired on the Christian television station GOD TV, namely the DVD versions of his biblical studies "Learn the Bible in 24 Hours", "The Book of Revelation", "The Book of Genesis", and "The Book of Daniel".^{[citation needed]} A Los Angeles Times article reported that Missler and co-author Hal Lindsey had plagiarized a portion of Miami University Professor Edwin Yamauchi's 1982 book Foes From the Northern Frontier in their own 1992 book The Magog Factor.^[4] A YouTube video in which Missler uses a jar of peanut butter to attempt to disprove evolution attracted media attention in 2007-2008.^[5][6]

Books[link]

• 2002 Learn the Bible in 24 Hours Pub: Nelson Books ISBN 0-7852-6429-9
• 2006 Prophecy 20/20: Profiling the Future Through the Lens of Scripture Pub: Thomas Nelson ISBN 0-7852-1889-0
• Alien Encounters: The Secret Behind the UFO Phenomenon. Koinonia House. 2003. ISBN 1-57821-205-7. 
• Eastman, Mark, & Missler, Chuck (1995). The Creator: Beyond Time & Space. Word For Today. ISBN 0-936728-61-2. 
• Cosmic Codes: Hidden Messages From the Edge of Eternity. Koinonia House. 2004. ISBN 1-57821-255-3. 
• Hidden Treasures in the Biblical Text. Koinonia House. 2000. ISBN 1-57821-127-1. 

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Koinonia House – Official website

House Negro (also House Nigger) is a pejorative term for a black person, used to compare someone to a house slave of a slave owner from the historic period of legal slavery in the US. The term comes from a speech, Message to the Grass Roots, given by African American activist Malcolm X, where he explains that during slavery, there were two kinds of slaves: "house Negroes," who worked in the master's house and "field Negroes," who performed the manual labor outside. He characterizes the house Negro as having a better life than the field Negro, and thus unwilling to leave the plantation, and potentially more likely to support existing power structures that favor whites over blacks. Malcolm X identified with the field Negro. The term is used against individuals^[1][2], in critiques of attitudes within the African American community,^[3] and as a borrowed term for critiquing parallel situations.^[4]

See also[link]

• Uncle Tom

References[link]

Further reading[link]

Malcolm X Speaks, George Breitman, ed. (New York: Grove Weidenfeld Publishers, 1990). ISBN 0-8021-3213-8