World (previously informally also known as PBS World) is a 24/7 United States over-the-air digital subchannel showing public TV non-fiction, science, nature, news, public affairs and documentaries.^{[1][2] [2]} It is contributed to by the Public Broadcasting Service, WGBH-TV, WNET, and administered by American Public Television.^[2]

Programs[link]

Current programming and current reruns[link]

• American Experience
• Charlie Rose
• Frontline
  • Frontline/World
• Global Voices
• History Detectives
• Independent Lens
• Nature
• Nightly Business Report
• NOVA
  • NOVA scienceNOW
• PBS NewsHour
• The Tavis Smiley Show
• Deutsche Welle Journal
• Deutsche Welle European Journal
• Newsline (NHK)

Stations may also choose to place their own programming, such as local government hearings and events, on their subchannel at local discretion. PBS coverage of Presidential speeches and addresses are also offered regularly as part of the World schedule.

Carried by[link]

PBS World is carried by the following stations:^[3]

References[link]

External links[link]

• WORLDcompass.org

PBS may refer to:

in broadcasting:

• Public Broadcasting Service, an American non-profit television service
• 3PBS (106.7FM), an Australian community (Melbourne) radio station
• Pacific Broadcasting Systems, a Filipino radio network
• Palestine Broadcasting Service (1936–1948), a defunct radio station located in the British Mandate for Palestine
• Philippine Broadcasting Service, a Filipino government-owned radio network
• Progressive Broadcasting System (early 1950s), a defunct American radio network
• Public Broadcasting Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina (PBSBiH), the former name of Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHRT), a public broadcasting organization located in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Public Broadcasting Services, a Maltese public broadcasting company

in communications and networking:

• PBS A/S, a Danish company specializing in electronic payment systems
• Preferential Bidding System, a computer system for employee work-duty bidding

in computer science:

• Pasteboard server, a Cocoa service dæmon in the Mac OS X operating system
• Portable Batch System, a computer software that performs job scheduling

in education:

• Pfadibewegung Schweiz, the German-language name for the Swiss Guide and Scout Movement, the Swiss guiding and scouting association
• Positive behavior support, an evidence-based approach to reducing problem behavior and increasing prosocial behavior^{[clarification needed]}

in medicine:

• Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, a program of the Australian Government that provides subsidised prescription drugs to the country's residents.

in music:

• Positive Black Soul, a Senegalese hip-hop group

In science:

• pBS, the genetic abbreviation for PBluescript, a phagemid used in cloning with bacteriophage
• PbS, the chemical abbreviation for Lead(II) sulfide, an inorganic compound
• PBS, the chemical abbreviation for Sodium perborate, a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound with chemical formula NaBO3
• Painful bladder syndrome, an alternate name for interstitial cystitis, a chronic, severely debilitating disease of the urinary bladder
• Phosphate buffered saline, a buffer solution commonly used in biological research
• Polarization beam splitter, see Beam-splitting polarizers
• Positive behavior support, an evidence-based approach to reducing problem behavior and increasing prosocial behavior^{[clarification needed]}
• Primer binding site, in virology, an RNA-element^{[clarification needed]}

in other:

• Parti Bersatu Sabah, a Malaysian political party
• Paul Brown Stadium, a American sports stadium located in Cincinnati, Ohio
• Pearls Before Swine (comic strip), an American comic strip written and illustrated by Stephan Pastis
• Points-based immigration system (United Kingdom), a British scheme of regulating immigration to the United Kingdom from outside the European Economic Area
• Privatbanen Sønderjylland (also known under the byname EuroRail), a defunct Danish railway operating company
• Product breakdown structure, a project-management tool
• Public Buildings Service, one of the two divisions of the United States General Services Administration
• XPBS-1 patrol bomber, a United States Navy patrol bomber; see Sikorsky VS-44

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

"The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth, taken from Apollo 17

The flag of the World Health Organization combines a modern world map (azimuthal equidistant projection) with the Rod of Asclepius, in origin a symbol of the axis mundi^[1]

World is a common name for the whole of human civilization, specifically human experience, history, or the human condition in general, worldwide, i.e. anywhere on Earth.^[2]

In a philosophical context it may refer to: (1) the whole of the physical Universe, or (2) an ontological world (see world disclosure). In a theological context, world usually refers to the material or the profane sphere, as opposed to the celestial, spiritual, transcendent or sacred. The "end of the world" refers to scenarios of the final end of human history, often in religious contexts.

World history is commonly understood as spanning the major geopolitical developments of about five millennia, from the first civilizations to the present.

World population is the sum of all human populations at any time; similarly, world economy is the sum of the economies of all societies (all countries), especially in the context of globalization. Terms like world championship, gross world product, world flags etc. also imply the sum or combination of all current-day sovereign states.

In terms such as world religion, world language, and world war, world suggests international or intercontinental scope without necessarily implying participation of the entire world.

In terms such as world map and world climate, world is used in the sense detached from human culture or civilization, referring to the planet Earth physically.

Etymology and usage[link]

The English word world comes from the Old English weorold (-uld), weorld, worold (-uld, -eld), a compound of wer "man" and eld "age," which thus means roughly "Age of Man."^[3] The Old English is a reflex of the Common Germanic *wira-alđiz, also reflected in Old Saxon werold, Old High German weralt, Old Frisian warld and Old Norse verǫld (whence the Icelandic veröld).^[4]

The corresponding word in Latin is mundus, literally "clean, elegant", itself a loan translation of Greek cosmos "orderly arrangement." While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a "domain of Man" (compare Midgard), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the chthonic sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of creation as an act of establishing order out of chaos.

'World' distinguishes the entire planet or population from any particular country or region: world affairs pertain not just to one place but to the whole world, and world history is a field of history that examines events from a global (rather than a national or a regional) perspective. Earth, on the other hand, refers to the planet as a physical entity, and distinguishes it from other planets and physical objects.

'World' can also be used attributively, to mean 'global', 'relating to the whole world', forming usages such as world community or world canonical texts.^[5]

By extension, a 'world' may refer to any planet or heavenly body, especially when it is thought of as inhabited, especially in the context of science fiction or futurology.

'World', in original sense, when qualified, can also refer to a particular domain of human experience.

• The world of work describes paid work and the pursuit of career, in all its social aspects, to distinguish it from home life and academic study.
• The fashion world describes the environment of the designers, fashion houses and consumers that make up the fashion industry.
• historically, the New World vs. the Old World, referring to the parts of the world colonized in the wake of the age of discovery. Now mostly used in zoology and botany, as New World monkey.

Philosophy[link]

The Garden of Earthly Delights triptych by Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1503) shows the "garden" of mundane pleasures flanked by Paradise and Hell. The exterior panel shows the world before the appearance of humanity, depicted as a disc enclosed in a sphere.

In philosophy, the term world has several possible meanings. In some contexts, it refers to everything that makes up reality or the physical universe. In others, it can mean have a specific ontological sense (see world disclosure). While clarifying the concept of world has arguably always been among the basic tasks of Western philosophy, this theme appears to have been raised explicitly only at the start of the twentieth century^[6] and has been the subject of continuous debate. The question of what the world is has by no means been settled.

Parmenides

The traditional interpretation of Parmenides' work is that he argued that the every-day perception of reality of the physical world (as described in doxa) is mistaken, and that the reality of the world is 'One Being' (as described in aletheia): an unchanging, ungenerated, indestructible whole.

Plato

In his Allegory of the Cave, Plato distingues between forms and ideas and imagines two distinct worlds : the sensible world and the intelligible world.

Hegel

In Hegel's philosophy of history, the expression Weltgeschichte ist Weltgericht (World History is a tribunal that judges the World) is used to assert the view that History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions. Science is born from the desire to transform the World in relation to Man; its final end is technical application.

Schopenhauer

The World as Will and Representation is the central work of Arthur Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation; the Kantian thing-in-itself. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by analogy to the relationship between human will and human body.

Wittgenstein

Two definitions that were both put forward in the 1920s, however, suggest the range of available opinion. "The world is everything that is the case," wrote Ludwig Wittgenstein in his influential Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, first published in 1922. This definition would serve as the basis of logical positivism, with its assumption that there is exactly one world, consisting of the totality of facts, regardless of the interpretations that individual people may make of them.

Heidegger

Martin Heidegger, meanwhile, argued that "the surrounding world is different for each of us, and notwithstanding that we move about in a common world".^[7] The world, for Heidegger, was that into which we are always already "thrown" and with which we, as beings-in-the-world, must come to terms. His conception of "world disclosure" was most notably elaborated in his 1927 work Being and Time.

Freud

In response, Freud proposed that we do not move about in a common world, but a common thought process. He believed that all the actions of a person are motivated by one thing: lust. This led to numerous theories about reactionary consciousness.

Other

Some philosophers, often inspired by David Lewis, argue that metaphysical concepts such as possibility, probability and necessity are best analyzed by comparing the world to a range of possible worlds; a view commonly known as modal realism.

Religion and mythology[link]

It has been suggested that World (theology) be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2010.

Mythological cosmologies often depict the world as centered around an axis mundi and delimited by a boundary such as a world ocean, a world serpent or similar.

See also[link]

Environment portal

• Globe
• List of sovereign states
• Universe

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: World

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: World

• World entry at The World Factbook

Roy Buchanan
Buchanan performing at the Pinecrest Country Club in Shelton, Connecticut
Background information
Birth name	Leroy Buchanan
Born	(1939-09-23)September 23, 1939, Ozark, Arkansas, US
Died	August 14, 1988(1988-08-14) (aged 48), Fairfax, Virginia, US
Genres	Blues, blues rock, electric blues, rock and roll, rockabilly, country
Occupations	Musician, songwriter
Instruments	Guitar, bass, vocals
Years active	1958–1988
Labels	Polydor, Atlantic, Alligator
Associated acts	Robbie Robertson, Danny Gatton, Dale Hawkins, Danny Deever, The Snakestretchers, The British Walkers
Notable instruments
1953 Fender Telecaster "Nancy"

Roy Buchanan (September 23, 1939 – August 14, 1988) was an American guitarist and blues musician. A pioneer of the Telecaster sound,^[1] Buchanan was a sideman and solo artist, with two gold albums early in his career,^[2] and two later solo albums that made it on to the Billboard chart. Despite never having achieved stardom, he is still considered a highly influential guitar player.^[3] Ranked #57 on the Rolling Stone list "100 Greatest Guitarists of all Time," Guitar Player praised him as having one of the "50 Greatest Tones of all Time."^[1]

Early career[link]

Roy Buchanan was born in Ozark, Arkansas, and was raised there and in Pixley, California, a farming area near Bakersfield. His father was a sharecropper in Arkansas and a farm laborer in California.^[4] Buchanan told interviewers that his father was also a Pentecostal preacher, a note repeated in Guitar Player magazine but refuted by his older brother J.D.^[4][5] Buchanan told how his first musical memories were of racially mixed revival meetings he attended with his mother Minnie. "Gospel," he recalled, "that's how I first got into black music." He in fact drew upon many disparate influences while learning to play his instrument (though he later claimed his aptitude derived from being "half-wolf"). He initially showed talent on steel guitar before switching to guitar in the early 50s, and started his professional career at age 15, in Johnny Otis's rhythm and blues revue.^[3]

In 1958, Buchanan made his recording debut with Dale Hawkins, including playing the solo on "My Babe" for Chicago's Chess Records.^[4] Two years later, during a tour through Toronto, Buchanan left Dale Hawkins to play for his cousin Ronnie Hawkins and tutor Ronnie's guitar player, Robbie Robertson. Buchanan plays bass on the Ronnie Hawkins single, "Who Do You Love?"^{[citation needed]}. Buchanan soon returned to the U.S. and Ronnie Hawkins' group later gained fame as The Band.^[6] In the early '60s, Buchanan performed numerous gigs as a sideman with various rock bands, and played guitar in a number of sessions with Freddy Cannon, Merle Kilgore, and others. At the end of the 1960s, with a growing family, Buchanan left the music industry for a while to learn a trade, and trained for a while as a hairdresser.^[4] In the early '70s, Roy Buchanan performed extensively in the Washington D.C.-Maryland-Virginia area with the Danny Denver Band, which had a large following in the area.^{[citation needed]}

Recording career[link]

Buchanan's 1962 recording with drummer Bobby Gregg, nicknamed "Potato Peeler," first introduced the trademark Buchanan "pinch" harmonics. An effort to cash in on the British Invasion caught Buchanan with The British Walkers. In the mid-'60s, Buchanan settled down in the Washington, D.C., area, playing for Danny Denver's band for many years while acquiring a reputation as "...one of the very finest rock guitarists around. Jimi Hendrix wouldn't take up the challenge of a 'pick-off' with Roy."^[7] The facts behind that claim are that in March 1968 a photographer friend, John Gossage gave Buchanan tickets to a concert by the Jimi Hendrix Experience at the Washington Hilton. "Buchanan was dismayed to find his own trademark sounds, like the wah-wah that he'd painstakingly produced with his hands and his Telecaster, created by electronic pedals. He could never attempt Hendrix's stage show, and this realization refocused him on his own quintessentially American roots-style guitar picking."^[8] Gossage recalls how Roy was very into the Hendrix 1967 debut album "Are You Experienced?" which was why he made sure to give Roy a ticket to the early show at the Hilton. Gossage went backstage to take photos and tried to convince Jimi to go see Roy at the Silver Dollar that night after the show, but Jimi seemed more interested in hanging out with the young lady that was backstage with him. Gossage confirms Hendrix never showed up at the Silver Dollar, but he did talk to Roy about seeing the Hilton show. That same night (as the Hilton show) Roy did several Hendrix numbers and "from that point on, had nothing but good things to say about Hendrix".^[9] He later released recordings of the Hendrix composition 'If six was nine' and the Hendrix hit 'Hey Joe'.

Buchanan's life changed in 1971, when he gained national notice as the result of an hour-long PBS television documentary. Entitled Introducing Roy Buchanan, and sometimes mistakenly called The Best Unknown Guitarist in the World, it earned a record deal with Polydor and praise from John Lennon and Merle Haggard, besides an alleged invitation to join the Rolling Stones (which he turned down).^[10]

He recorded five albums for Polydor, one of which, Second Album, went gold,^[11] and after that another three for Atlantic Records, one of which, 1977's Loading Zone, also went gold.^[2][12] Buchanan quit recording in 1981, vowing never to enter a studio again unless he could record his own music his own way.^[10]

Four years later, Alligator Records coaxed Buchanan back into the studio.^[10] His first album for Alligator, When a Guitar Plays The Blues, was released in the spring of 1985. It was the first time he had total artistic freedom in the studio.^[13] His second Alligator LP, Dancing on the Edge (with vocals on three tracks by Delbert McClinton), was released in the fall of 1986.

He released the twelfth and last album of his career, Hot Wires, in 1987. According to his agent and others, Buchanan was doing well, having gained control of his drinking habit and playing again, when he was arrested for public intoxication after a domestic dispute.^[2][5] He was found hanged from his own shirt in a jail cell on 14 August 1988 in the Fairfax County, Virginia Jail. According to Jerry Hentman, who was in a cell nearby Buchanan's, the Deputy Sheriff opened the door early in the morning and found Buchanan with the shirt around his neck.^[6][12]

His cause of death was officially recorded as suicide, a finding disputed by Buchanan's friends and family. One of his friends, Marc Fisher, reported seeing Roy's body with bruises on the head.^[6]

After his death, compilation and other albums continue to be released, including in 2004 the never-released first album he recorded for Polydor, The Prophet.

Guitars, tone, and technique[link]

Guitars[link]

Buchanan used a number of guitars in his career, although he was most often associated with a 1953 Fender Telecaster, serial number 2324, nicknamed "Nancy."^[14] There are two very different stories explaining how Buchanan got the guitar. He himself said that, while enrolled in 1969 in a school to learn to be a hairdresser, he ran after a guy walking down the street with that guitar, and bought him a purple Telecaster to trade. A friend of Buchanan's, however, said that Buchanan was playing a Gibson Les Paul at the time, and traded it for the '53 Tele.^[4] One of Buchanan's Telecasters was later owned by Danny Gatton and Mike Stern, who lost it in a robbery.^[15]

Tone[link]

Buchanan achieved his sound through minimum means. He played the Telecaster through a Fender Vibrolux with the volume and tone "full out," and used the guitar's volume and tone controls to control volume and sound^[16] (he achieved a wah wah effect using the tone control).^[5][14] To achieve his desired distorted sounds, Buchanan at one point used a razorblade to slit the paper cones of the speakers in his amp, an approach also employed by the Kinks' Dave Davies; additionally, he was even reputed to have poured water over the tubes in his amplifiers.^[17] Buchanan rarely used effects pedals, though he started using an Echoplex on A Street Called Straight (1976),.^[5] In his later career he played with a Boss DD-2 delay.^[14]

Technique[link]

Buchanan taught himself various playing techniques, including "chicken pickin". He sometimes used his thumb nail rather than a plectrum, and also employed it to augment his index finger and pick. Holding the pick between his thumb and forefinger, Buchanan also plucked the string and simultaneously touched it lightly with the lower edge of his thumb at one of the harmonic nodes, thus suppressing lower overtones and emphasising the harmonic, sometimes referred to as pinch harmonics,^[14] though Buchanan called it an "overtone."^[5] Buchanan could play harmonics at will, and could mute individual strings with free right-hand fingers while picking or pinching others. He was famous as well for his oblique bends.^[18]

Having first played lap steel guitar, Buchanan often imitated its effect and bent strings to the required pitch, rather than starting on the desired note.^[5][14] This was particularly notable in his approach to using double and triple stops.

Legacy[link]

Buchanan has influenced many guitarists, including Gary Moore,^[19] Danny Gatton, and Jeff Beck;^[20] Beck dedicated his version of "Cause We've Ended As Lovers" from Blow by Blow to him.^[21] His work is said to "stretch the limits of the electric guitar,"^[11] and he is praised for "his subtlety of tone and the breadth of his knowledge, from the blackest of blues to moaning R&B and clean, concise, bone-deep rock 'n' roll."^[22] In 2004, Guitar Player listed his version of "Sweet Dreams," from his debut album on Polydor, Roy Buchanan, as having one of the "50 Greatest Tones of All Time."^[1] In the same year, the readers of Guitar Player voted Buchanan #46 in a top 50 readers' poll.^[23] Roy is the subject of Freddy Blohm's song "King of a Small Room."

Buchanan's "Sweet Dreams" provides the soundtrack to the final scene in the Best Picture-winning film The Departed.

Roy Buchanan is interred at Columbia Gardens Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

Discography[link]

• Buch and the Snakestretchers, 1971, BIOYA
• Roy Buchanan and the Snakestretchers, 1972, BIOYA
• Roy Buchanan, 1972, Polydor
• Second Album, 1973, Polydor
• That's What I Am Here For, 1974, Polydor
• In the Beginning (UK title: Rescue Me), 1974, Polydor
• Live Stock, 1975, Polydor
• A Street Called Straight, 1976, Atlantic
• Loading Zone, 1977, Atlantic
• Live in U.S.A. & Holland 77-85 - Silver Shadow CD 9104
• You're Not Alone, 1978, Atlantic
• Live in Japan - 1977, 1978, Polydor MPF 1105
• My Babe, 1981, AJK
• When a Guitar Plays the Blues, 1985, Alligator
• Live - Charly Blues Legend vol. 9 85-87, Charly Schallplatten GMBH, CBL 758*
• Dancing on the Edge, 1986, Alligator
• Hot Wires, 1987, Alligator
• Early Years, 1989, Krazy Kat
• Sweet Dreams: The Anthology, 1992, Polydor
• Guitar on Fire: The Atlantic Sessions, 1993, Rhino
• Charly Blues Masterworks: Roy Buchanan Live, 1999, RedX entertainment
• Deluxe Edition: Roy Buchanan, 2001, Alligator^[10]
• 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection: Best Of Roy Buchanan, 2002, Polydor
• American Axe: Live In 1974, 2003, Powerhouse Records
• The Prophet - The Unreleased First Polydor Album, 2004, Hip-O Select/Polydor
• Live, 2006, Charly Records
• The Definitive Collection, 2006, Polydor
• Rhino Hi-Five: Roy Buchanan, 2007, Rhino Atlantic
• Live: Amazing Grace, 2009, Powerhouse

References[link]

External links[link]

• Discography
• Biography, Discography and Photo Gallery
• Roy Buchanan discography at Discogs

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012)

"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.^[1]

History[link]

The earliest recorded use^{[citation needed]} of the term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to a letter written by a young Alexander Hamilton in September 1772, when he was 15. In a letter to his father James Hamilton, published in the Royal Dutch-American Gazette, he described the response of the Dutch governor of St. Croix to a hurricane that raked that island on August 31, 1772. "Our General has issued several very salutary and humane regulations and both in his publick and private measures, has shewn himself the Man." ^{[2][dubious – discuss]} In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch, and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in U.S. News and World Report, had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine Easyriders which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema, featuring particularly prominently as a recurring motif in the 2003 film School of Rock.^[3][4][5][6]

Use as praise[link]

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."^{[7][dubious – discuss]}

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also[link]

• Absentee landlord
• Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)
• New World Order (conspiracy theory)
• Ruling class
• The Establishment
• Power elite
• Corrections officer
• YTMND

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). Random House Dictionary of American Slang. New York: Random House.