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Dawn is Pakistan's oldest and most widely read English-language newspaper. One of the country's two largest English-language dailies, it is the flagship of the Dawn Group of Newspapers, published by Pakistan Herald Publications, which also owns the Herald, a magazine, the evening paper The Star and Spider, an information technology magazine.^{[citation needed]}

It was founded in 1941 by Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Delhi, India. The newspaper has offices in Karachi (Sindh), Lahore (Punjab), and the federal capital Islamabad, as well as representatives abroad.^[1] As of 2004^[update], it has a weekday circulation of over 138,000. The CEO of Dawn group is Hameed Haroon, and the current editor of Dawn is Zaffar Abbas.

Early history[link]

Founded by Mohammad Ali Jinnah on October 26, 1941 as a mouthpiece for the Muslim League, Dawn was originally a weekly publication, published in New Delhi. Jinnah summed up the paper's purpose when he stated:

"The Dawn will mirror faithfully the views of Hindustan's Muslims and the All Hindustan Muslim League in all its activities: economic, educational and social and more particularly political, throughout the country fearlessly and independently and while its policy will be, no doubt, mainly to advocate and champion the cause of the Muslims and the policy and programme of the All Hindustan Muslim League, it will not neglect the cause and welfare of the peoples of this sub-continent generally".^[2]

Dawn became a daily newspaper in October 1942 under the leadership of its first editor, Pothan Joseph. In 1944 Altaf Husain took over as the editor and brought nationwide awareness of its daily circulation. After the creation of Pakistan, Hussain moved the newspaper to the then federal capital, Karachi. Under the instruction of the owner, Mr. Jinnah, it became the official organ of the Pakistan Muslim League in Delhi, and the sole voice of the Muslims in English language, reflecting and espousing the cause of the Muslims of India. Hussain, as the journal's editor, galvanised the Muslims of India by his editorials, which earned him wrath of the Congress Party as well as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy and Governor General of the British Raj.^{[citation needed]}

In 1947, senior Dawn staff led by Altaf Hussain set off for Karachi to launch a local edition starting August 15, 1947. Under Yusuf Haroon a close confidant of Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah was given the task to facilitate the publication. The offices of the newspaper were housed in the small premises on the commercially busy and a crowded narrow street then known as South Napier Road, in premises belonging to Haroon. He was at that time planning to bring out a newspaper called "The Herald" but agreed to publish DAWN at his facilities, at the bidding of Mr. Jinnah. The street where Dawn was first published is now known as Altaf Hussain Road. Dawn became a most outspoken publication under the editorship of Hussain, who fiercely opposed the tyranny and corrupt politicians and military dictators after the independence of Pakistan. In 1965, Hussain resigned as editor when he accepted the invitation of President General Ayub Khan to join his government as a cabinet minister.^{[citation needed]}

Features[link]

In addition, Dawn regularly carries syndicated articles from western newspapers like The Independent, The Guardian, the Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post.

In Pakistan Dawn has in-paper magazines such as Sci-tech World, Young World, "Images", "Books & Authors" etc.

On Sundays, the weekend advertiser carries three sections namely "Ad Buzz", "Career" & "Real Estate".^{[citation needed]}

Staff[link]

Regular op-ed contributors include Ardeshir Cowasjee, Irfan Husain, Nadeem F. Paracha, Muhammad Hanif, Asma Jahangir, Jawed Naqvi, I.A. Rehman, Ayesha Siddiqa, Humair Ishtiaq, Anwar Syed, Cyril Almeida, Kamran Shafi, Huma Yusuf, Kunwar Idris, Kuldip Nayar, Mahir Ali, Dr Tariq Rahman, Amb Tariq Fatemi, Shahid Javed Burki, Dr Riffat Hassan, Zubeida Mustafa, A.G. Noorani, Ahmad Faruqui, Zafar Masud, Asghar Ali Engineer, Rafia Zakaria and Shada Islam.

Other op-ed contributors include Pervez Hoodbhoy, Prof Mohammad Waseem, Nasser Yousaf, Faizullah Jan, Beena Sarwar, Bina Shah, Rakesh Mani, Asha'ar Rehman, S.M. Naseem, Dr Ishrat Hussain, Yaqoob Khan Bangash, Nilofar Farrukh, Shahid M. Amin, Anees Jillani, Brig Javed Hussain and Rina Saeed Khan.

Past contributors include Murtaza Razvi.

24-hour news channel[link]

After two months of test transmissions, the publishing company behind the newspaper launched Pakistan's first 24-hour English news channel, Dawn News, in July 2007. However, due to financial difficulties, the broadcast language was switched from English to Urdu in May 2010.

See also[link]

	Karachi portal
	Journalism portal

• List of newspapers in Pakistan
• The News International

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

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Wajahat Khan is an Indian sarod player who has earned international acclaim since 1977. He is the third son of Imrat Khan, nephew of Vilayat Khan and a member of the multi-generational musical Khan family which founded the Imdadkhani Gharana . He was born in Calcutta, India and now divides his time between London and India.^[1]

Wajahat started his professional career in music as a child prodigy singer touring the world at the age of 8 including a performance on BBC Television. In his teens, he decided to specialise in sarod, marking an interesting departure from his family's traditional instruments of sitar and surbahar.

He has performed extensively around the world including performances at prestigious venues such as the Kremlin, the Acropolis of Athens, the Royal Albert Hall for the Proms, the Smithsonian Institution, Suntory Hall and the Glastonbury Festival.

Whilst mainly focussing on traditional Indian classical music, he has also ventured into crossover working with orchestras such as the London Sinfonietta. He has composed for and recorded with the Medici String Quartet.

Discography[link]

His CDs include:

• Nocturne: Late Evening Raga of Romantic Mood (2003)
• Indian Raags for Sarod, Tabla and Tanpura (2001)
• Raag Desh (2000)
• Rag Yaman Kalyan/Rag Gaoti(1996)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Rupert Mayr, Indian virtuosos delight music lovers, The Herald, April 12, 2006 - concert review (South Africa)
• Wajahat Khan's website

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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since December 2011. The notability of this article's subject is in question. If notability cannot be established, it may be listed for deletion or removed. Tagged since December 2011.

Ardeshir Cowasjee (born 1926) (Urdu: اردشير کاوﺳﺠﻰ) is a renowned newspaper columnist from Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan. His columns regularly appear in the country's oldest English newspaper Dawn. Recently a new blog (ardeshircowasjee.blogspot.com) has been started with the view of accumulating the bulk of ardeshir's articles. His work is translated and published in Urdu press.

He is also Chairman of the Cowasjee Group and is engaged in philanthropic activities apart from being regarded as an old 'guardian' of the city of Karachi.

Biography[link]

Ardeshir Cowasjee was born in 1926 at Karachi and hails from the well-known Cowasjee Parsi (Zoroastrian) family. His father Rustom Fakirjee Cowasjee was a businessman in merchant shipping. Ardeshir attended the Bai Virbaiji Soparivala Parsi High School (BVS) and graduated from DJ Science College, Karachi. Later, he joined his father's business, the Cowasjee Group, and married Nancy Dinshaw in 1953. He has two children, Ava (daughter) and Rustom (son).

Career[link]

Cowasjee was appointed by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Managing Director of Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) in 1973 but was jailed for 72 days in 1976 by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for which no explanation has been given to date; it is said that Prime Minister Bhutto did that to rein Cowasjee because the latter was becoming increasingly vocal about Bhutto's authoritarian ways. Cowasjee subsequently started writing letters to the editor of Dawn Newspaper, which led him to become a permanent columnist. Since then, his hard-hitting and well-researched columns in Dawn have continuously exposed corruption, nepotism and incompetence in different local, provincial and national governments for the last twenty years.In 2011 Cowasjee bid farewell to Dawn by publishing his last article in the newspaper on 25 December 2011,however he has hinted that he may write rarely for the newspaper in the coming future.

Activities[link]

Ardeshir Cowasjee is also the financier of many scholarships for students wishing to pursue higher education. These include grants for both local and overseas education. Although these are given out as loans, it is not expected that most of these funds will be returned to him. However, Cowasjee does encourage the receivers to return them so that others can benefit from those funds. These philanthropic services are provided by the Cowasjee Foundation.

External links[link]

• Cowasjee's archives in Dawn Newspaper

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Kashmala Tariq (Urdu: کشمالہ طارق ) (born January 24, 1972 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from the Women Reserve Constituency NA-277 for the province of Punjab. She belongs to the Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam) or PML-Q. She is also actively involved in women's rights.

Career[link]

Kashmala graduated from the London School of Economics in 1998 with a major in International Trade Laws (Banking and Finance). She was a member of Pakistan peoples party and elected into parliament in 2001. She is also involved in women's rights and much of her work in politics have centered around this issue. She introduced two bills regarding women in parliament, on honour killings and amendments to the Hudood Ordinance respectively. She is among the critics of the Hudood Ordinance and questions its legitimacy in Islamic theology as claimed by the proponents.^[1] She identifies laws on gender discrimination, sexual harassment scandal and domestic violence among her priority issues and criticizes the feudal mindset along with a male-dominated culture as hindering progress and laws in these areas.^[2][3] In March 2005, when Tariq's sponsored bill on Karo-kari (honour killing) was rejected by voice vote in the National Assembly, she criticized the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) calling its leaders ‘self-styled’ experts on Islam saying they were exploiting Islam and the constitution and that they used Quranic verses to suit their points of view.^[4] Tariq had suggested 3 amendments related to the issue of Wali (legal male guardian), compoundability and the remission of sentence but the opposition, i.e. MMA and Law Minister Wasi Zafar opposed the bill calling it "un-islamic".^[5] In August 2006 as a member of the NA Select Committee on Women’s Protection Bill, Tariq proposed that a husband, who had sex with his wife without her consent should be tried under rape charges.^[6] Due to outspoken manner against corruption and nepotism, her party sought to have her expelled from the party. She maintains that the driving forces behind her opponents are an anti-woman mindset and corruption in politics.^[7]

On September 24, 2007, she was elected to chair the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians from 2007 to 2010.^[8]

In July 2011, Tariq was a candidate for the Chairperson of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. She lost the first round of the election to Ms Fiamé Mata’afa, the Samoan Minister of Justice and Sir Alan Haselhurst, MP from the United Kingdom. Sir Alan was eventually elected as the chairperson in the runoff.^[9][10]

She is an Alumni of the London School of Economics List of London School of Economics people

See also[link]

• Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam)
• Peoples Students Federation

References[link]

External links[link]

A paperboy for the Toronto Star in Whitby, Ontario, Canada, 1940.

Newspaper delivery is the last stage of newspaper circulation consisting of distributing newspapers to consumers. One method of distributing newspapers is selling newspapers on the street, or in favorable locations, either by a "newsboy" or at a news stand, or in vending machines, but newspaper delivery generally refers to delivery to subscribers on a regular route, usually by bicycle or automobile. Historically this was done by adolescent boys using bicycles. Paperboys traditionally were and are still often portrayed on television and movies as preteen boys, often on a bicycle. Today, with the latest child labor laws most paper boys are aged 13 or over.

History[link]

Newsboy, Iowa City, 1940, Arthur Rothstein.

The position of paperboy occupies a prominent place in many countries including the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and Japan. This is because it has long been the first paying job available to young teenagers, often male.

Despite that, the number of paperboys has declined greatly. This is due partly to the disappearance of afternoon newspapers, whose delivery times worked better for school-aged children than did those of morning papers which were typically delivered before 6 a.m. The numbers have also been affected by changing demographics, the availability of news and newspapers on the internet, employment laws and concern about the safety of un-escorted children, all of which have led many newspapers to switch to delivery by adults. Today, they are mainly used by weekly community newspapers and free shopper papers, which still tend to be delivered in the afternoons. Alternatively, sometimes paperboys are only employed once a week to deliver the paper on Sunday.^[1]

Newspaper industry lore suggests that the first paperboy, hired in 1833, was 10-year-old Barney Flaherty who answered an advertisement in the New York Sun, which read "To the Unemployed a number of steady men can find employment by vending this paper."

Meaning[link]

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)

Newspaper delivery is selling or delivering newspapers to consumers on a regular route. There has been a migration of newspaper deliver to adults, of either sex, who deliver newspapers on auto routes with a motor vehicle. Historically, newspaper delivery was generally done by adolescent boys using bicycles, "paper boys". The laws of the United States provide that "Minors employed in the delivery of newspapers to consumers are exempt from Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) child labor provisions, as well as the wage and hours provisions."^[2]

Pros[link]

Paper distribution is a fairly simple job. It consists of mapping out one's territory and using it to advantage in distributing paper. Knowledge of bicycle maintenance (if used) and basic customer service skills are developed. During the Holiday season in western countries, a paperboy can make an extra bonus - similar to a postman or a milkman. This is typically done by writing a Christmas card to each of the customers on the round and, in many cases, the customers will respond by leaving a "Christmas Box" or a "tip" (cash) as a gift. Customers may of course choose to leave tips and gifts out at any time of the year.

Cons[link]

It is a low-standing job. As most papers are delivered early in the morning it requires the delivery person to get up early, which can also mean braving cold, dark, and inhospitable conditions. Some delivery routes have also moved away from simple 'walking routes' to larger 'driving routes', which requires both a car and a license. 'Driving routes' have become less profitable with the rising price of fuel, since fuel is not paid for by most newspapers/newsagents.

For paperboys using a bike, and the typical paper-round bag - in the UK a luminous, waterproof coloured bag with a single strap - the papers (chiefly at the weekend) are collectively very heavy and/or thick, meaning that often on a Saturday or a Sunday the round has to be split and completed in two halves. The worst "culprits" in the UK are the Daily Telegraph on a Saturday and the Sunday Telegraph; The Sunday Times and The Observer (which is small but thick).

The early depictions of paperboys on bikes throwing papers into gardens is no longer prevalent as most houses now have a letterbox on the front door and gardens are not easily accessible from the streets.

In fiction[link]

For motion pictures with the word in the title, see the IMDb; for others in which they feature, see [1]

Arnold Bennett's 1911 novel The Card features a newspaper take-over. Part of the success of the stratagem depends on the proprietor temporarily detaining all his rival's paperboys, which he does by promising them food and locking them in. The paperboys are depicted as a rumbustious and tight-knit group.

Tony Macaulay's memoir 'Paperboy' (2010) tells the experiences of a paperboy in West Belfast in the 1970s.

Bob Thurber's 'Paperboy: A Dysfunctional Novel' (2011) tells the experiences of a 14-year-old paperboy and his emotionally troubled sister during the summer of 1969.

Newsies, a 1992 musical film, directed by Kenny Ortega, is about the Newsboys Strike of 1899.

Better Off Dead 1985 movie features a paperboy on a bicycle that throws a newspaper through a closed window breaking the window glass. There are several paperboys in this movie.

In the 2001 Disney film, Max Keeble's Big Move, the film's protagonist is a local paperboy.

While You Were Sleeping (1995) paperboy scene: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRR4to6KcOQ

See also[link]

• Newsagent's shop
• Newspaper Carrier Day
• Paperboy (video game)
• Newsboy cap
• Paperboys (documentary)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Newspaper vendors

• Preus Museum. Lewis Hine, Newspaperboys photos

Audio clips[link]

• Paperboy – arrangement of Londonderry Air, aka Danny Boy for orchestra and solo baritone, performed by Kieran of the Potato Hermits, 2010