:''"Saint Benedict" redirects here. This article is about the founder of Western monasticism; for other saints named Benedict, see Benedict.''

Name	Saint Benedict of Nursia
Birth date	c.480
Death date	547
Feast day	July 11 (Roman Catholic calendar of saints), (Anglican Communion)March 14 (Byzantine Rite)March 21 (on local calendars and in the General Roman Calendar of 1962)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic ChurchAnglican CommunionEastern OrthodoxyLutheran Church
Birth place	Norcia (Umbria, Italy)
Death place	Monte Cassino
Titles	AbbotPatron of Europe
Canonized date	1220
Canonized place	Rome
Canonized by	Pope Honorius III
Attributes	-Bell-Broken tray-Broken cup and serpent representing poison-Broken utensil-Bush-Crosier-Man in a Benedictine cowl holding Benedict's rule or a rod of discipline-Raven
Patronage	-Against poison-Against witchcraft-Agricultural workers-Cavers-Civil engineers-Coppersmiths-Dying people-Erysipelas-Europe-Farmers-Fever-Gall stones-Heerdt (Germany)-the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest-Inflammatory diseases-Italian architects-Kidney disease-Monks-Nettle rash-Norcia (Italy)-People in religious orders-Schoolchildren-Servants who have broken their master's belongings-Speliologists-Spelunkers-Temptations
Major shrine	Monte Cassino Abbey, with his burial Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, near Orléans, France Sacro Speco, at Subiaco, Italy
Issues	}}

Saint Benedict of Nursia () (c.480–547) is a Christian saint, honored by the Roman Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students.

Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco, about to the east of Rome, before moving to Monte Cassino in the mountains of southern Italy. There is no evidence that he intended to found a religious order. The Order of St Benedict is of later origin and, moreover, not an "order" as commonly understood but merely a confederation of autonomous congregations.

Benedict's main achievement is his "Rule", containing precepts for his monks. It is heavily influenced by the writings of John Cassian, and shows strong affinity with the Rule of the Master. But it also has a unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness (ἐπιείκεια, ''epieikeia''), and this persuaded most religious communities founded throughout the Middle Ages to adopt it. As a result, the Rule of Benedict became one of the most influential religious rules in Western Christendom. For this reason, Benedict is often called the founder of western Christian monasticism.

Biography

Apart from a short poem, attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of Pope Gregory I's four-book ''Dialogues'', thought to have been written in 593. The authenticity of this work has been hotly disputed, especially by Dr Francis Clarke in his two volume work "The Pseudo-Gregorian Dialogues". Book Two consists of a prologue and thirty-eight succinct chapters.

Gregory’s account of this saint’s life is not, however, a biography in the modern sense of the word. It provides instead a spiritual portrait of the gentle, disciplined abbot. In a letter to Bishop Maximilian of Syracuse, Gregory states his intention for his ''Dialogues'', saying they are a kind of ''floretum'' (an ''anthology'', literally, ‘flowers’) of the most striking miracles of Italian holy men.

Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of St. Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony. To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered the best sources: a handful of Benedict’s disciples who lived with the saint and witnessed his various miracles. These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino; Valentinianus; Simplicius; and Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St Gregory wrote his ''Dialogues''.

In Gregory’s day, history was not recognized as an independent field of study; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and ''historia'' (defined as ‘story’) summed up the approach of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered ‘history.’ Gregory’s ''Dialogues'' Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.

Early life

Benedict was the son of a Roman noble of Nursia, the modern Norcia, in Umbria. A tradition which Bede accepts makes him a twin with his sister Scholastica. St Gregory's narrative makes it impossible to suppose him younger than 19 or 20. He was old enough to be in the midst of his literary studies, to understand the real meaning and worth of the dissolute and licentious lives of his companions, and to have been deeply affected himself by the love of a woman (Ibid. II, 2). He was capable of weighing all these things in comparison with the life taught in the Gospels, and chose the latter. He was at the beginning of life, and he had at his disposal the means to a career as a Roman noble; clearly he was not a child. If we accept the date 480 for his birth, we may fix the date of his abandonment of his studies and leaving home at about 500.

Benedict does not seem to have left Rome for the purpose of becoming a hermit, but only to find some place away from the life of the great city. He took his old nurse with him as a servant and they settled down to live in Enfide, near a church to St Peter, in some kind of association with "a company of virtuous men" who were in sympathy with his feelings and his views of life. Enfide, which the tradition of Subiaco identifies with the modern Affile, is in the Simbruini mountains, about forty miles from Rome and two from Subiaco.

A short distance from Enfide is the entrance to a narrow, gloomy valley, penetrating the mountains and leading directly to Subiaco. Crossing the Aniene and turning to the right, the path rises along the left face off the ravine and soon reaches the site of Nero's villa and of the huge mole which formed the lower end of the middle lake; across the valley were ruins of the Roman baths, of which a few great arches and detached masses of wall still stand. Rising from the mole upon 25 low arches, the foundations of which can even yet be traced, was the bridge from the villa to the baths, under which the waters of the middle lake poured in a wide fall into the lake below. The ruins of these vast buildings and the wide sheet of falling water closed up the entrance of the valley to St Benedict as he came from Enfide; today the narrow valley lies open before us, closed only by the far-off mountains. The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine, on which it runs, becomes steeper, until we reach a cave above which the mountain now rises almost perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in St Benedict's day, below, lay the blue waters of the lake. The cave has a large triangular-shaped opening and is about ten feet deep.

On his way from Enfide, Benedict met a monk, Romanus of Subiaco, whose monastery was on the mountain above the cliff overhanging the cave. Romanus had discussed with Benedict the purpose which had brought him to Subiaco, and had given him the monk's habit. By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

Later life

St Gregory tells us little of these years. He now speaks of Benedict no longer as a youth (''puer''), but as a man (''vir'') of God. Romanus, he twice tells us, served the saint in every way he could. The monk apparently visited him frequently, and on fixed days brought him food.

During these three years of solitude, broken only by occasional communications with the outer world and by the visits of Romanus, Benedict matured both in mind and character, in knowledge of himself and of his fellow-man, and at the same time he became not merely known to, but secured the respect of, those about him; so much so that on the death of the abbot of a monastery in the neighbourhood (identified by some with Vicovaro), the community came to him and begged him to become its abbot. Benedict was acquainted with the life and discipline of the monastery, and knew that "their manners were diverse from his and therefore that they would never agree together: yet, at length, overcome with their entreaty, he gave his consent" (ibid., 3). The experiment failed; the monks tried to poison him, and he returned to his cave. The legend goes that they first tried to poison his drink. He prayed a blessing over the cup and the cup shattered. Then they tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread, a raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people, attracted by his sanctity and character, came to Subiaco to be under his guidance. For them he built in the valley twelve monasteries, in each of which he placed a superior with twelve monks. In a thirteenth he lived with ''a few, such as he thought would more profit and be better instructed by his own presence'' (ibid., 3). He remained, however, the father, or abbot, of all. With the establishment of these monasteries began the schools for children; and among the first to be brought were Saint Maurus and Saint Placidus.

Veneration

St. Benedict spent the rest of his life realizing the ideal of monasticism which he had drawn out in his rule. He died at Monte Cassino, Italy, while standing in prayer to God. According to tradition, this occurred on March 21, 547. He was named patron protector of Europe by Pope Paul VI in 1964. In 1980, Pope John Paul II declared him co-patron of Europe, together with Saints Cyril and Methodius.

In the pre-1970 Roman Calendar, his feast is kept on the day of his death, 21 March. Because on that date his liturgical memorial would always be impeded by the observance of Lent, the reform of the General Roman Calendar set an obligatory memorial for him on 11 July, the date on which some monasteries commemorated the translation of his relics to the monastery of St. Benoit-sur-Loire in Northern France. His memorial on 21 March was removed from the General Roman Calendar but is retained in the Roman Martyrology.

The Orthodox Church commemorates St. Benedict on March 14.

The Anglican Communion has no single universal calendar, but a provincial calendar of saints is published in each Province. In almost all of these, St Benedict is commemorated on 11 July annually.

Rule of St. Benedict

Seventy-three short chapters comprise the ''Rule''. Its wisdom is of two kinds: spiritual (how to live a Christocentric life on earth) and administrative (how to run a monastery efficiently). More than half the chapters describe how to be obedient and humble, and what to do when a member of the community is not. About one-fourth regulate the work of God (the Opus Dei). One-tenth outline how, and by whom, the monastery should be managed. And two chapters specifically describe the abbot’s pastoral duties.

The Saint Benedict Medal

This medal originally came from a cross in honor of St Benedict. On one side, the medal has an image of St Benedict, holding the Holy Rule in his left hand and a cross in his right. There is a raven on one side of him, with a cup on the other side of him. Around the medal's outer margin are the words ''"Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur"'' ("May we, at our death, be fortified by His presence"). The other side of the medal has a cross with the initials CSSML on the vertical bar which signify ''"Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux"'' ("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for ''"Non Draco Sit Mihi Dux"'' ("Let not the dragon be my overlord"). The initials CSPB stand for ''"Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti"'' ("The Cross of the Holy Father Benedict") and are located on the interior angles of the cross. Either the inscription ''"PAX"'' (Peace) or the Christogram ''"IHS"'' may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the ''Vade Retro Satana'' initials VRSNSMV which stand for ''"Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana"'' ("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify ''"Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas"'' ("Evil are the things thou profferest, drink thou thy own poison").

This medal was first struck in 1880 to commemorate the fourteenth centenary of St Benedict's birth and is also called the Jubilee Medal; its exact origin, however, is unknown. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at Natternberg near Metten Abbey in Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of the cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of Saint Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on the crosses. Medals then began to be struck in Germany, which then spread throughout Europe. This medal was first approved by Pope Benedict XIV in his briefs of December 23, 1741, and March 12, 1742.

Saint Benedict has been also the motive of many collector's coins around the world. The Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders', issued on March 13, 2002 is one of them.

The influence of St. Benedict

The early Middle Ages have been called "the Benedictine centuries." In April 2008, Pope Benedict XVI discussed the influence St Benedict had on Western Europe. The pope said that “with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture” and helped Europe to emerge from the "dark night of history" that followed the fall of the Roman empire.

To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than 1,400 years after its writing.

The influence of St Benedict produced "a true spiritual ferment" in Europe, and over the coming decades his followers spread across the continent to establish a new cultural unity based on Christian faith.

See also

Anthony the Great

Benedictine Order

Camaldolese

Hermit

Poustinia

San Beneto

Vade retro satana

References

"The Life of St Benedict," by St. Gregory the Great, Rockford, IL: TAN Books and Publishers, ISBN 0-89555-512-3

Gallery of pictures related to St Benedict

External links

St. Benedict (pdf) from Fr. Alban Butler's ''Lives of the Saints''

A Benedictine Oblate Priest – The Rule in Parish Life

Guide to Saint Benedict

Sacro speco, Grotta della Preghiera – general view – enlarged view

The Holy Rule of St. Benedict – Online translation by Rev. Boniface Verheyen, OSB, of St. Benedict's Abbey

The Order of Saint Benedict

The Medal Or Cross of St. Benedict: Its Origin, Meaning, and Privileges

Life and Miracles of St Benedict

Category:480 births Category:547 deaths Category:History of Catholic monasticism Category:Italian saints Category:Founders of Roman Catholic religious communities Category:Benedictine spirituality Category:Twin people from Italy Category:People from the Province of Perugia Category:5th-century Italian people Category:6th-century Italian people Category:6th-century Christian saints Category:Saints of the Golden Legend Category:Witchcraft Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:Benedictine saints Category:Medieval Italian saints Category:Anglican saints

be:Бенедыкт Нурсійскі bar:Benedikt vo Nursia bs:Sveti Benedikt br:Benead Norcia bg:Бенедикт Нурсийски ca:Benet de Núrsia cs:Benedikt z Nursie da:Benedikt af Nurcia de:Benedikt von Nursia et:Benedictus el:Βενέδικτος της Νούρσια es:Benito de Nursia eo:Benedikto de Nursio fo:Bænadikt frá Nursia fr:Benoît de Nursie fy:Benediktus fan Nursia gl:Bieito de Nursia ko:누르시아의 베네딕토 hr:Sveti Benedikt io:Benedictus di Nursia id:Benediktus dari Nursia is:Benedikt frá Núrsíu it:Benedetto da Norcia he:בנדיקטוס מנורסיה sw:Benedikto wa Nursia la:Benedictus de Nursia hu:Nursiai Szent Benedek nl:Benedictus van Nursia ja:ヌルシアのベネディクトゥス no:Benedikt av Nursia pl:Benedykt z Nursji pt:Bento de Núrsia ro:Benedict de Nursia ru:Бенедикт Нурсийский sc:Benedetto dae Norcia sq:Shën Benedikti i Nursisë scn:San Binidittu di Nurcia sk:Benedikt z Nursie sr:Бенедикт Нурсијски sh:Sveti Benedikt fi:Benedictus Nursialainen sv:Benedikt av Nursia tl:Benito ng Nursia th:เบเนดิกต์แห่งเนอร์เซีย tr:Benedict (Norcialı) uk:Святий Бенедикт vec:San Benéto da Norcia war:Benedict han Nursia zh:圣本笃

The Saint may refer to:

Fiction

Simon Templar, also known as "The Saint", the protagonist of a book series by Leslie Charteris and subsequent adaptations:

* ''The Saint'' (film series), starring Louis Hayward (1938), George Sanders (1939–1941) and Hugh Sinclair (1941–1943)

* ''The Saint'' (radio show) (1944–1951), a radio program starring Vincent Price on NBC Radio

*''The Saint'' (TV series) (1962–1969), a British television series starring Roger Moore

* ''The Saint'' (film) (1997), an American film starring Val Kilmer

**''The Saint'' (soundtrack), a soundtrack album from the 1997 film

** ''The Saint'' (novel), a novelization of the 1997 film, by Burl Barer

"The Saint" (''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''), an episode of ''Law & Order: Criminal Intent''

''Il santo'' (novel), a novel by Antonio Fogazzaro

''The Saint'', an omnibus edition of the Gaunt's Ghosts novels, ''Honour Guard'' through ''Sabbat Martyr'', by Dan Abnett

Music

The Saint (music venue), a club showcasing live, original music in Asbury Park, New Jersey

"The Saint" (song), a song by Orbital from the 1997 film soundtrack of the same title

The Saints (band), an Australian punk band

The Saints (1960s band), an English instrumental band

Newspapers

''The Saint'' (UK newspaper), a student newspaper at the University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom

''The Saint'' (newspaper), a student newspaper at St. Clair College in Ontario, Canada

Other uses

The Saint (club), gay nightclub in New York City that operated from 1980 to 1990

Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua, known locally as "il Santo"

Play Radio (Hampshire), a radio station formerly known at "The Saint"

Ian St. John, Scottish football player nicknamed "The Saint"

WVCR-FM, Siena College radio station

See also

Saint (disambiguation)

de:The Saint fr:Le Saint ro:The Saint sh:The Saint fi:Pyhimys (täsmennyssivu) sv:The Saint

Name	Peter Zumthor
Nationality	Swiss
Birth date	April 26, 1943
Birth place	Basel, Switzerland
Significant buildings	Therme ValsKunsthaus Bregenz
Awards	Pritzker Prize (2009) }}

Peter Zumthor (born 26 April 1943) is a Swiss architect and winner of the 2009 Pritzker Prize.

Early life

Zumthor was born in Basel, the son of a cabinet-maker. He apprenticed to a carpenter in 1958 and studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule in his native city starting in 1963.

In 1966, Zumthor studied industrial design and architecture as an exchange student at Pratt Institute in New York. In 1968, he became conservationist architect for the Department for the Preservation of Monuments of the canton of Graubünden. This work on historic restoration projects gave him a further understanding of construction and the qualities of different rustic building materials. As his practice developed, Zumthor was able to incorporate his knowledge of materials into Modernist construction and detailing. His buildings explore the tactile and sensory qualities of spaces and materials while retaining a minimalist feel.

Career

Zumthor founded his own firm in 1979. His practice grew quickly and he accepted more international projects.

Zumthor has taught at Southern California Institute of Architecture in Los Angeles (1988), the Technical University of Munich (1989), Tulane University (1992), and the Harvard Graduate School of Design (1999). Since 1996, he is professor at the Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio

His best known projects are the Kunsthaus Bregenz (1997), a shimmering glass and concrete cube that overlooks Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Austria; the cave-like thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland (1999); the Swiss Pavilion for Expo 2000 in Hannover, an all-timber structure intended to be recycled after the event; the Kolumba (2007), in Cologne; and the Bruder Klaus Field Chapel, on a farm near Wachendorf.

In 1993 Zumthor won the competition for a museum and documentation center on the horrors of Nazism to be built on the site of Gestapo headquarters in Berlin. Mr. Zumthor’s submission called for an extended three-story building with a framework consisting of concrete rods. The project, called the Topography of Terror, was partly built and then abandoned when the government decided not to go ahead for financial reasons. The unfinished building was demolished in 2004. For the Dia Art Foundation in Beacon, New York, Zumthor designed a gallery that was to house the “360° I Ching” sculpture by Walter de Maria; though the project was never completed. In November 2009, it was revealed that Zumthor is working on a major redesign for the campus of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Recently, he turned down an opportunity to consider a new library for Magdalen College, Oxford. He was selected to design the Serpentine Gallery's annual summer pavilion with designer Piet Oudolf in 2011.

Currently, Zumthor works out of his small studio with around 30 employees, in the town of Haldenstein, Switzerland. He enjoys playing tennis, good cigars, margaritas and jazz.

Recognition

In 1994, he was elected to the Akademie der Künste in Berlin. In 1996, he was made an honorary member of the Bund Deutscher Architekten (BDA). In 1998, Zumthor received the Carlsberg Architecture Prize for his designs of the Kunsthaus Bregenz in Bregenz, Austria and the Thermal Baths at Vals, Switzerland (see below). He won the Mies van der Rohe Award for European Architecture in 1999. Recently, he was awarded Praemium Imperiale in (2008) and the Pritzker Architecture Prize (2009).

Zumthor and Heidegger

The Vals spa—famed among architects for its evocative sequence of spaces and exquisite construction details—presents intriguing correspondences between Heidegger’s writing and Zumthor’s architecture. Writing in his architectural manifesto, Thinking Architecture, Zumthor mirrors Heidegger’s celebration of experience and emotion as measuring tools. A chapter entitled “A way of looking at things” begins by describing a door handle:

I used to take hold of it when I went into my aunt’s garden. That door handle still seems to me like a special sign of entry into a world of different moods and smells. I remember the sound of gravel under my feet, the soft gleam of waxed oak staircase. I can hear the heavy front door closing behind me as I walk along the dark corridor and enter the kitchen[...].(1998:9)

Zumthor always emphasises the sensory aspects of the architectural experience. To him, the physicality of materials can involve an individual with the world, evoking experiences and texturing horizons of place through memory. He recalls places he once measured out at his aunt’s house through their sensual qualities. Zumthor’s Vals spa recounts the thinking he describes in his essay, making appeals to all the senses. The architect choreographs materials according to their evocative qualities. Flamed and polished stone, chrome, brass, leather and velvet were deployed with care to enhance the inhabitant’s sense of embodiment when clothed and naked. The touch, smell, and perhaps even taste of these materials were orchestrated obsessively. The theatricality of steaming and bubbling water was enhanced by natural and artificial light, with murky darkness composed as intensely as light. Materials were crafted and joined to enhance or suppress their apparent mass. Their sensory potential was relentlessly exploited with these tactics, Zumthor aimed to celebrate the liturgy of bathing by evoking emotions.

Literature

Zumthor's work is largely unpublished in part because of his philosophical belief that architecture must be experienced first hand. His published written work is mostly narrative and phenomenological.

“Thinking Architecture”

In this book Peter Zumthor expresses his motivation in designing buildings that speak to our feelings and understanding in so many ways and that possess a powerful and unmistakable presence and personality. The book is illustrated throughout with color photographs by Laura Padgett of Zumthor's new home and studio in Haldenstein.

“To me, buildings can have a beautiful silence that I associate with attributes such as composure, self-evidence, durability, presence, and integrity, and with warmth and sensuousness as well; a building that is being itself, being a building, not representing anything, just being. The sense that I try to instil into materials is beyond all rules of composition, and their tangibility, smell, and acoustic qualities are merely elements of the language we are obliged to use. Sense emerges when I succeed in bringing out the specific meanings of certain materials in my buildings, meanings that can only be perceived in just this way in this one building. When I concentrate on a specific site or place for which I am going to design a building, when I try to plumb its depths, its form, its history, and its sensuous qualities, images of other places start to invade this process of precise observation: images of places I know and that once impressed me, images of ordinary or special places places that I carry with me as inner visions of specific moods and qualities; images of architectural situations, which emanate from the world of art, or films, theater or literature.”

“Atmospheres”

Atmospheres is a poetics of architecture and a window into Peter Zumthor's personal sources of inspiration. In nine short, illustrated chapters framed as a process of self-observation, Peter Zumthor describes what he has on his mind as he sets about creating the atmosphere of his houses. Images of spaces and buildings that affect him are every bit as important as particular pieces of music or books that inspire him. From the composition and “presence” of the materials to the handling of proportions and the effect of light, this poetics of architecture enables the reader to recapitulate what really matters in the process of house design. In conclusion, Peter Zumthor has described what really constitutes an architectural atmosphere as "this singular density and mood, this feeling of presence, well-being, harmony, beauty...under whose spell I experience what I otherwise would not experience in precisely this way."

“Peter Zumthor Therme Vals” This is the only book-length study of this singular building, features the architect’s own original sketches and plans for its design as well as Hélène Binet’s striking photographs of the structure. Architectural scholar Sigrid Hauser contributes an essay on such topics as “Artemis/Diana,” “Baptism,” “Mikvah,” and “Spring”—drawing out the connections between the elemental nature of the spa and mythology, bathing, and purity.

Annotations by Peter Zumthor on his design concept and the building process elucidate the structure’s symbiotic relationship to its natural surroundings, revealing, for example, why he insisted on using locally quarried stone. Therme Vals’s scenic design elements, and Zumthor’s contributions to this book, reflect the architect’s commitment to the essential and his disdain for needless architectural flourishes.

“Seeing Zumthor” ''Seeing Zumthor'' represents a unique collaboration between Zumthor and Swiss photographer Hans Danuser, containing Danuser’s images of buildings created by Zumthor. More than twenty years ago, in a milestone event of twentieth-century architectural photography, Danuser photographed, at Zumthor’s invitation, two buildings: the protective structure built for archaeological excavations in Chur and St. Benedict’s Chapel in Sumvitg. When first shown in exhibition, those photos ignited a lively debate that has been revived with a recent exhibition of Danuser’s photographs of Zumthor’s most famous work, the spa at Therme Vals. ''Seeing Zumthor'' collects these three important series of Danuser’s pictures and includes essays by leading art historians exploring the relationship between the two seemingly different disciplines or architecture and photography.

Principal works

1983 Elementary school Churwalden, Churwalden, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1983 House Räth, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1986 Shelters for Roman archaeological site, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1986 Atelier Zumthor, Haldenstein, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1989 Saint Benedict Chapel, Sumvitg, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1990 Art Museum Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1993 Residential home for the elderly, Masans, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1994 Gugalun House, Versam, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1996 Spittelhof housing, Biel-Benken, Basel, Switzerland.

1996 Therme Vals, Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1997 Art Museum Bregenz, Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria.

1997 Topography of Terror, International Exhibition and Documentation Centre, Berlin, Germany, partly built, abandoned, demolished in 2004.

1997-2000 Swiss Pavilion EXPO 2000, Hannover, Germany.

1997 Villa in Küsnacht am Zürichsee Küsnacht, Switzerland.

1997 Lichtforum Zumtobel Staff, Zürich, Switzerland.

1999 Cloud Rock Wilderness Lodge Moab.

2007 Bruder Klaus Kapelle

2007 Kolumba - Erzbischöfliches Diözesanmuseum, Cologne (Köln), Germany.

2011 Steilneset Memorial, Vardø, Norway

Awards

1987 Auszeichnung guter Bauten im Kanton Graubüunden, Switzerland.

1989 Heinrich Tessenow medal, Technische Universität Hannover, Germany.

1991 Gulam, European wiid-glue prize.

1992 Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1993 Best Building 1993 award from Swiss tc's '10 vor '10, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1994 Auszeichnung guter Bauten im Kanton Graubüunden, Switzerland.

1995 International Prize for Stone Architecture, Fiera di Verona, Italy.

1995 Internationaler Architekturpreis für Neues Bauen in den Alpen, Graubünden, Switzerland.

1996 Erich-Schelling-Preis für Architektur, Erich-Schelling-Stiftung, Germany.

1998 European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture (aka Mies van der Rohe Award) for Bregenz Art Museum.

1998 Carlsberg Architectural Prize.

2006 Spirit of Nature Wood Architecture Award.

2006 Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture, University of Virginia.

2008 Praemium Imperiale, Japan Arts Association

2009 Pritzker Prize

References

External links

Kunsthaus Bregenz

Peter Zumthor Projects, Archicentral

Visitor Details for the Vals Spa, Switzerland

Architect Peter Zumthor photogallery at ''Time'', 2009

"Slideshow: The Pritzker Prize Winner," Sarah Williams Goldhagen, The New Republic, 16 April 2009

Interview Between Peter Zumthor and Toni Hildebrandt

Category:Swiss architects Category:1943 births Category:Living people Category:People from Basel-Stadt Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Pratt Institute alumni Category:Pritzker Prize winners

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Name	Joan Chittister
Birth date	April 26, 1936
Resting place coordinates
Residence	Erie, Pennsylvania
Nationality	United States
Citizenship	United States
Alma mater	University of Notre Dame, Penn State University
Title	Roman Catholic nun
Religion	Roman Catholic
Website	Benetvision
Footnotes	}}

Sister Joan D. Chittister, O.S.B., (born April 26, 1936) is a Benedictine nun, author and speaker.

She is a member of the Benedictine Sisters of Erie, Pennsylvania, where she served as prioress for 12 years. Sister Chittister writes a web column for the ''National Catholic Reporter'', "From Where I Stand". Sister Chittister holds a Master's Degree from the University of Notre Dame and a Ph.D. in speech communication theory from Penn State University.

She writes and speaks on women in the church and society, human rights,and peace and justice in the areas of war and poverty and religious life and spirituality. She is the foundress of "Benetvision".

Bibliography

Publications

She has authored various books including: ''The Gift of Years''; ''The Liturgical Year,'' which won a 2010 Christian Retailers Choice Award in 2010; ''Welcome to the Wisdom of the World; In Search of Belief; Called to Question''; ''The Friendship of Women: The Hidden Tradition of the Bible''; ''The Breath of the Soul''; and ''Uncommon Gratitude'' with Archbishop Rowan Williams.

Recent publications

''The Radical Christian Life,'' Liturgical Press: Collegeville, MN. (2011)

''Songs of the Heart,'' Twenty-Third Publications: Mystic, CT (2011)

''The Monastery of the Heart,'' BlueBridge Publishers: New York, NY (2011)

''God's Tender Mercy,'' Twenty-Third Publications: Mystic, CT. (2010) #2-September 2010, Bestsellers-hardcover: Catholic Book Publishers Assoc.

''The Rule of Benedict: a spirituality for the 21st century,'' revised edition, Crossroad Publications (2010).

''Uncommon Gratitude,'' Liturgical Press: Collegeville, MN. (2010).

''The Breath of the Soul,'' Twenty-Third Publications: Mystic, CT. (2009).

''Joan Chittister: In My Own Words,'' Liguori Publications: Liguori, MO. (2008).

''The Gift of Years'', BlueBridge Publishers:New York, NY. (2008); Catholic Press Association Award Winner 2009. Also available as an audio book.

''Welcome to the Wisdom of the World,'' Eerdmans:Grand Rapids, MI. (2007).

References

2. NOW with Bill Moyers, Bill Moyers talks with Joan Chittister.

3. HuffingtonPost Religion Blog.Sr. Joan Chittister.

4. PBS Radio: "Obedience and Action."

External links

The Benedictine Sisters of Erie website

Video: Joan Chittister on women and progress in religion, Parliament of the World's Religions, Melbourne Dec 2009

'30 Good Minutes, sermons by Joan Chittister, OSB, from Chicago Sunday Evening Club

'NCR column, From Where I Stand'

'Benetvision'

Category:1936 births Category:American academics Category:American activists Category:American religious writers Category:American Roman Catholic nuns Category:Benedictine nuns Category:Communication theorists Category:Living people Category:Pennsylvania State University alumni Category:Pennsylvania political activists Category:People from Erie, Pennsylvania Category:Roman Catholic activists Category:Roman Catholic writers Category:University of Notre Dame alumni Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

de:Joan Chittister es:Joan Chittister fr:Joan Chittister

name	The Rule
background	group_or_band
origin	Minnesota, United States
genre	pop, R&B;, reggae
label	R, R, & R Records
website	therulemusic.com
current members	Ryan LiestmanJeff LoveShawn Connelly
past members	Gregory Washington
notable instruments	}}

The Rule (formerly Ry and the Rule) is an American pop/R&B; band, led by Ryan Liestman (keyboardist for the Jonas Brothers). The group released its first album, the self-titled ''The Rule'' in the summer of 2006, under the indie label R, R, & R Records. Michael Bland, Tommy Barbarella, and Stokley Williams have also performed with The Rule.

In the fall of 2006, The Rule toured the United States with American, Grammy Award-winning singer Cyndi Lauper.

Discography

Albums

''The Rule'' (2006)

Additional images

References

first grad second grade third grade

External links

Official site

Earthquake Music Video

Commercial for 2006 Cyndia Lauper Tour (special guest, The Rule)

Category:American rhythm and blues musical groups Category:Musical groups from Minnesota

es:The Rule