The 24th century of the anno Domini (common) era will span from January 1, 2301 to December 31, 2400 of the Gregorian calendar. Unlike most century years, the year 2400 is a leap year, and the first century leap year since 2000.

Predictions[link]

Astronomical predictions set in the 24th century[link]

List of the long total solar eclipses[link]

• June 9, 2309 : Solar eclipse,^[1] (6 min 30 s), of saros 142.
• June 20, 2327 : Solar eclipse,^[2] (6 min 21 s), of saros 142.
• June 30, 2345 : Solar eclipse,^[3] (6 min 07 s), of saros 142.
• July 12, 2363 : Solar eclipse,^[4] (5 min 51 s), of saros 142.
• July 22, 2381 : Solar eclipse,^[5] (5 min 33 s), of saros 142.
• August 2, 2399 : Solar eclipse,^[6] (5 min 14 s), of saros 142.

Other phenomena[link]

• September 11, 2307: At 22:50 UTC, Venus will occult Uranus.
• 2313: Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
• 2319: Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
• June 4, 2327: At 00:54 UTC, Venus will occult Mars.
• October 8, 2335: At 14:51 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter.
• April 7, 2351: At 17:22 UTC, Mercury will occult Uranus.
• December 13, 2360: Transit of Venus.
• 2365: Perihelion of Comet Halley.
• December 10, 2368: Transit of Venus.
• 2388: Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
• May 11, 2391: Partial transit of Mercury.
• November 17, 2400: Venus will occult Antares (last occultation of Antares by Venus was on September 17, 525 BC).

Science fiction set in the 24th century[link]

Literature[link]

• The novel 2312 by Kim Stanley Robinson takes place in 2312.
• Bis zum Nullpunkt des Seins ("To the Zero Point of Existence"), written in 1871 by Kurd Laßwitz, is set in the year 2371.
• The novel Bikini Planet by David S. Garnett takes place at the beginning of the 24th Century.
• The novel The World Inside (1971) by Robert Silverberg takes place in 2381.
• Scott Westerfled novel series "Uglies" takes place 300 years from the year the first book (Uglies) was published.
• The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury takes place in the 24th Century.
• The year 2381 is the setting of Robert Silverberg's The World Inside.
• Alliance-Union universe, backdrop for a series of novels by C. J. Cherryh starting in the 23rd century.
• Expedition, subtitled Being an Account in Words and Artwork of the 2358 AD. Voyage to Darwin IV. Humans have made their world very toxic killing most life-forms and forcing them to use other technology. They have also started studying Darwin IV, a planet bursting with life.
• In the Doctor Who novel The Stone Rose, Vanessa comes from the year 2375.
• Pandora's Star and Judas Unchained by Peter F. Hamilton are set in the 24th century.
• In The Time Machine an added chapter from the Great Illustrated Classics, The Time Traveller sets his Time Machine to stop at the 24th century on his way back to the year 1899, to find if humanity has made any achievements in his future. He finds a highly advanced society, but later learns that Earth is in World War III, from top to bottom. Time Travel has been made illegal in this time period and the time traveler is about to be arrested but manages to escape into 1899.

Television[link]

• Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century (c. 2350).
• In the episode Attack of Big MACC in the 1987 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon series, the "thinking" robot MACC leaves his time (2390) and time travels back to the late 1980s. MACC later returns to his own time after helping the TMNT fighting Krang, Shredder, Bebop and Rocksteady.
• Tom Corbett, Space Cadet is active in the year 2352.
• The 1980 apocalyptic anime series Space Runaway Ideon occurs in the 24th century.
• In the animated series Futurama, 2303 is the year that the Monks started looking for God through their giant telescope. Also in 2308 Bender Bending Rodríguez interrupts the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony and while being chased down is inadvertently responsible for the destruction of New York City which makes way for New New York City.
• The anime series Mobile Suit Gundam 00 takes place between the years 2307 and 2312.
• The TV series Cold Lazarus is set in the year 2368.

Star Trek Series[link]

Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek: Voyager, as well as Star Trek Generations, Star Trek: First Contact, Star Trek: Insurrection, and Star Trek Nemesis are set in the 24th century.

Star Trek: The Next Generation[link]

• Jean-Luc Picard, born July 13, 2305.^[7]
• Beverly Crusher, born 2324.^[8]
• William T. Riker, born 2335.^[9]
• Geordi La Forge, born 2335.^[9]
• Deanna Troi, born March 29, 2336.^[10]
• Natasha Yar, born 2337.^[11]
• Data, activated February 2, 2338.^[12]
• Worf, born 2340.^[11]
• Wesley Crusher, born 2349.^[11]
• The USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation starship to bear the name, registry NCC-1701-D is launched; 2364.
• Events of Star Trek: The Next Generation (c. 2364–2370).
• Events of Star Trek Generations (c. 2371).
• Events of Star Trek: First Contact (c. 2373).
• Events of Star Trek: Insurrection (c. 2375).
• Events of Star Trek Nemesis (c. 2379).

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine[link]

• Benjamin Sisko, born 2332.^[11]
• Quark, born c. 2333.^[13]
• Odo, discovered 2337.^[11]
• Miles O'Brien, born September 2328.^[14]
• Jadzia Dax, born 2341.^[11]
• Kira Nerys, born 2343.^[11]
• Ezri Dax, born 2354.^[15]
• Nog, born c. 2353.^[16]
• Jake Sisko, born 2355.^[11]
• Events of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (c. 2369–2375)

Star Trek: Voyager[link]

• Tuvok, born 2264.^[17]
• Chakotay, born 2329.^[18]
• Kathryn Janeway, born May 20, c. 2336.^[19]
• Neelix, born c. 2337.^[20]
• Tom Paris, born c. 2346.^[21]
• B'Elanna Torres, born 2349.^[11]
• Harry Kim, born 2349.^[22]
• Seven of Nine, born June 24, 2350.^[23]
• Kes, born 2370.^[24]
• The Doctor, activated 2371.^[25]
• Events of Star Trek: Voyager (c. 2371–2378)

Movies[link]

• Star Trek Generations (c. 2371)
• Star Trek: First Contact (c. 2373)
• Star Trek: Insurrection (c. 2375)
• Star Trek Nemesis (c. 2379)
• Forbidden Planet (c. 2381)
• Alien Resurrection (c. 2381)

Video games[link]

• A map for role-playing plug-in for the widely popular Half-Life modification The Specialists, named by the creators of the Havoc9 Gaming Network as Xenon City takes place in the years 2346 to its destruction that takes place 70 years later.
• Many games based in the Star Trek universe take place in the 24th century.
• In the StarCraft series, 40,000 humans are exiled from Earth in 2309. They reach the Koprulu Sector on the Galactic Rim in 2337. Stranded on three separate worlds, they are reunited in 2397.
• The FreeSpace Series, a sci-fi space starfighter sim, takes place from 2335 to 2367.
• Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos, a large-scale spacecraft game, takes place in years 2378 and 2393.
• The Journeyman Project, a computer game, set in 2318.
• The Journeyman Project: Buried In Time, a computer game, set in 2328.
• Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri takes place in 2327, usually referred to as ClanYear 124, in the date system used by the Clans inhabiting Alpha Centauri.
• Unreal Tournament series, a first-person shooter (c. 2341–2362).
• Mega Man Zero takes place sometime after 2302, but officially takes place in 22XX, at least four years earlier.
• 2348 Gain Ground.
• The character R.A.X. Coswell from the Sega Genesis video game, Eternal Champions is from the year 2345.
• Operation: Matriarchy takes place around 2350.
• In the Star Fleet Universe, Y1—the year of First Contact between humanity and the Vulcans, has been postulated as occurring in 2400, although the Star Trek: First Contact movie previously mentioned identifies the year of first contact as 2063.
• The TimeSplitters 2 level 'Robot Factory' is set in the year 2315.
• The Killzone Series takes place in the years 2350–2352
• The Zybourne Clock epic begins on Wednesday, January 19, 2381. (In actuality, this date falls on a Monday.)

Other Games[link]

• The Game Designers' Workshop role playing game 2300 AD is set in the 24th century.

Comic books[link]

• In Marvel Comics' "Hercules, Prince of Power," Zeus slays his son Ares god of war, in 2381.
• In Space Moose, a time traveler from the year 2314, Professor Shaun Ot, leaves and never returns.^[26]
• A Wonder Woman one-shot foe comes from the year 2300. (See List of Wonder Woman enemies.)

Centuries and millennia[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• 24th century at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)

Kim Stanley Robinson
Kim Stanley Robinson at the 63rd World Science Fiction Convention in Glasgow, August 2005
Born	(1952-03-23) March 23, 1952 (age 60) Waukegan, Illinois
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	United States
Genres	Science fiction

Kim Stanley Robinson (born March 23, 1952) is an American science fiction writer known for his award-winning Mars trilogy. His work delves into ecological and sociological themes regularly, and many of his novels appear to be the direct result of his own scientific fascinations, such as the fifteen years of research and lifelong fascination with the planet Mars.

Robinson's work has been labeled by reviewers as literary science fiction.^[1]

Biography[link]

Kim Stanley Robinson was born in Waukegan, Illinois, but grew up in Southern California. In 1974 he earned a B.A. in literature from the University of California, San Diego. In 1975, he earned a M.A. in English from Boston University and in 1982, he earned a PhD in English from the University of California, San Diego. His doctoral thesis, The Novels of Philip K. Dick, was published in 1984.

Robinson describes himself as a backpacker but not a mountain climber,^[2] though mountain climbing appears in several of his fiction works, most notably Antarctica, the Mars trilogy, "Green Mars" (a short story found in The Martians), Forty Signs of Rain, and Escape from Kathmandu.

In 1982 he married Lisa Howland Nowell, an environmental chemist, and they have two sons. Robinson has lived in Washington, D.C.; California; and during some of the 1980s in Switzerland. He now lives in Davis, California.

Robinson was an instructor at the Clarion Workshop in 2009. In 2010, Robinson was guest of honor at the 68th World Science Fiction Convention, held in Melbourne, Australia. In April 2011 Robinson presented at the second annual Rethinking Capitalism conference, held at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Among other points made, his talk addressed the cyclical nature of capitalism.^[3]

Important works[link]

[edit] Three Californias

This trilogy is also referred to as the Orange County trilogy. The component books are titled The Wild Shore (1984), The Gold Coast (1988) and Pacific Edge (1990). It is not a trilogy in the traditional sense; rather than telling a single story, the books present three different future Californias.

The Wild Shore portrays a California struggling to return to civilization after having been crippled, along with the rest of America, by a nuclear war. The Gold Coast portrays an over-industrialized California increasingly obsessed with and dependent on technology and torn apart by the struggles between arms manufacturers and terrorists. Pacific Edge presents a California in which ecologically sane, manageable practices have become the norm and the scars of the past are slowly being healed.

Though they initially appear unconnected, the three books work together to present a unified statement. The first shows humanity crippled by a lack of technology, the second humanity swamped and almost completely dehumanized by too much technology (along with the attendant environmental damage), and the third a workable, livable compromise between the two. Although the third is a utopian novel, there is still conflict, sadness, and tragedy. The stories all contain a common character, whose circumstances serve to put the three alternatives in perspective.

[edit] The Mars trilogy

This trilogy is Robinson's best-known work. It is an extended work of science fiction that deals with the first settlement of the planet Mars by a group of scientists and engineers. Its three volumes are Red Mars, Green Mars, and Blue Mars, the titles of which mark the changes that the planet undergoes over the course of the saga. The tale begins with the first colonists leaving Earth for Mars in 2027 and covers the next 200 years of future history. By the conclusion of the story, Mars is heavily populated and terraformed, with a flourishing and complex political and social dimension.

Many threads of different characters' lives are woven together in the Mars Trilogy. Science, sociology, and politics are all covered in great detail, evolving over the course of the narrative. Robinson's fascination with science and technology is clear, although he balances this with a strong streak of humanity. Robinson's personal interests, including ecological sustainability, sexual dimorphism, and the scientific method, come through strongly.

[edit] The Martians

Billed as a companion piece, The Martians (1999) is a collection of short stories that involves many of the same characters and settings introduced in the Mars trilogy. Some stories occur before, during, or instead of the events of the trilogy; some expand on existing characters, and others introduce new ones. It also includes the Constitution of Mars and poetry written in character by a Martian citizen.

[edit] Antarctica

Antarctica (1997) follows very closely in the footsteps of the Mars trilogy, and it covers much of the same ground despite the differences in setting. It is set on the icy continent of the title, much closer to the present day, but it evokes many of the same themes, dealing as it does with scientists in an isolated environment, the effect that this has on their personalities and interactions, and economic systems.

As with all of Robinson's later work, ecological sustainability is a major theme in Antarctica. Much of the action is catalyzed by the recent expiration of the Antarctic Treaty and the threat of invasion and despoiling of the near-pristine environment by corporate interests.

[edit] The Years of Rice and Salt

The Years of Rice and Salt (2002) is a work of alternative history that concerns a world in which the Black Plague wiped out 99 percent of the European population (instead of the actual generally estimated 30 percent), leaving the world free for Asian expansion. It covers ten generations of history, focusing on the successive reincarnations of the same few characters as they pass through varying genders, social classes, and, in one notable example, species.

The Years of Rice and Salt features Muslim, Chinese, and Hindu cultures and philosophies.

Science in the Capital series[link]

The Science in the Capital series encompasses three novels: Forty Signs of Rain (2004), Fifty Degrees Below (2005), and Sixty Days and Counting (2007). This series explores the consequences of global warming, both on a global level and as it affects the main characters—several employees of the National Science Foundation and those close to them. A recurring theme of Robinson's is that of Buddhist philosophy, which is represented in the series by the agency of ambassadors from Khembalung, a fictional Buddhist micro-state located on an offshore island in the Ganges delta. Their state is threatened by rising sea levels, and the reaction of the Khembalis is compared to that of the Washingtonians.

Other novels[link]

• Icehenge (1984) tells the story of the discovery of a monument in the style of Stonehenge found carved from ice on Pluto and the subsequent investigation into its origin. The setting of this novel bears strong resemblances of the Mars trilogy, albeit with darker, more dystopian undertones.
• The Memory of Whiteness (1985) deals with a fantastic, unique musical instrument and the trials faced by its newest master as he tours the solar system; how it is described seems to contain the beginnings of many of the ideas later put to use in the Mars trilogy, although it is set centuries later.
• A Short, Sharp Shock (1990) one of Robinson's few fantasy stories, dealing with an amnesiac man traveling through a mysterious land in pursuit of a woman who features in his first memories.
• Galileo's Dream is a partially fictionalized biography of Galileo Galilei in which he is summoned by 29th century inhabitants of the Galilean moons who seek his advice. (UK release: August 6, 2009;^[4] US release: December 29, 2009).^[5]
• 2312 (2012)

Short stories[link]

Robinson published his first two short stories in Orbit 18 in 1976. Most are collected in The Planet on the Table (1986), Remaking History (1991), Down and Out in the Year 2000 (1992), and Vinland the Dream (2001). Four humorous novellas featuring American expatriates in Nepal are collected in Escape from Kathmandu (1989). The Martians (1999), discussed above, further explores the world of the Mars Trilogy. On August 1, 2010, Night Shade Books released a collection entitled, "The Best of Kim Stanley Robinson."

Selected story bibliography[link]

• "A History of the Twentieth Century, with Illustrations" (in: Vinland the Dream, originally published in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, 1991, revised for Remaking History)
• "A Martian Childhood"
• "A Martian Romance" (in The Martians)
• "A Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions" (in Vinland the Dream)
• "A Transect"
• "An Argument for the Deployment of All Safe Terraforming Technologies" (in The Martians),
• "Arthur Sternbach Brings the Curveball to Mars" (in The Martians),
• "Before I Wake" (in Remaking History)
• "Big Man in Love" (in The Martians)
• "Black Air" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1983)
• "Coming Back to Dixieland" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Orbit 18)
• "Coyote Makes Trouble" (in The Martians)
• "Coyote Remembers" (in The Martians)
• "Discovering Life" (in Vinland the Dream and in The Martians)
• "Down and Out in the Year 2000"
• "Enough is as Good as a Feast" (in The Martians',
• "Escape from Kathmandu" (in Escape from Katmandu)
• "Exploring Fossil Canyon" (in The Martians)
• "Festival Night"
• "Four Teleological Trails" (in The Martians)
• "Glacier" (in Remaking History)
• "Green Mars" (in The Martians)
• "If Wang Wei Lived on Mars and Other Poems" (in The Martians)
• "Jackie on Zo" (in The Martians)
• "Keeping the Flame" (in The Martians)
• "Maya and Desmond" (in The Martians)
• "Mercurial" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Universe 15),
• "Michel in Antarctica" (in The Martians)
• "Michel in Provence" (in The Martians)
• "Mother Goddess of the World" (in Escape from Katmandu)
• "Muir on Shasta" (in Vinland the Dream)
• "Odessa" (in The Martians)
• "On the North Pole of Pluto"
• "Our Town"
• "Purple Mars" (in The Martians)
• "Remaking History" (in Remaking History and Vinland the Dream originally published in What Might Have Been, edited by Gregory Benford and Martin H. Greenberg)
• "Ridge Running" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, 1984 edition)
• "Salt and Fresh" (in The Martians)
• "Saving Noctis Dam" (in The Martians)
• "Sax Moments" (in The Martians)
• "Selected Abstracts from The Journal of Aerological Studies" (in The Martians)
• "Sexual Dimorphism" (in The Martians)
• "Some Work Notes and Commentary on the Constitution by Charlotte Dorsa Brevia" (in The Martians)
• "Stone Eggs" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Universe 13)
• "The Archaeae Plot" (in The Martians)
• "The Blind Geometer"
• "The Constitution of Mars" (in The Martians)
• "The Disguise" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Orbit 19),
• "The Kingdom Underground" (in Escape from Katmandu)
• "The Lucky Strike" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Universe 14)
• "The Lunatics"
• "The Memorial"
• "The Part of Us That Loves" (in Remaking History)
• "The Return from Rainbow Bridge"
• "The Translator" (in Remaking History)
• "The True Nature of Shangri-La" (in Escape from Katmandu)
• "The Way the Land Spoke to Us" (in The Martians)
• "To Leave a Mark"
• "Venice Drowned" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Universe 11)
• "Vinland the Dream" (in Vinland the Dream; originally published in Remaking History)
• "What Matters" (in The Martians)
• "Zürich"

Non-fiction[link]

Robinson's doctoral thesis examined The Novels of Philip K. Dick (1984). A hardcover version was published by UMI Research Press. He also edited and wrote the introduction of the anthology Future Primitive: The New Ecotopias (1994).

Major themes[link]

This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (March 2008)

Ecological sustainability[link]

Virtually all of Robinson's novels have an ecological component; sustainability would have to be counted among his primary themes. (A strong contender for the primary theme would be the nature of a plausible utopia.) The Orange County trilogy is about the way in which the technological intersects with the natural, highlighting the importance of keeping the two in balance. In the Mars trilogy, one of the principal divisions among the population of Mars is based on dissenting views on terraforming; It is heavily debated whether or not the seemingly barren Martian landscape has a similar ecological or spiritual value to a living ecosphere like Earth's. Forty Signs of Rain is entirely ecologically themed, taking as it does global warming for its principal theme.

Economic and social justice[link]

Kim Stanley Robinson speaking at the Bay Area Anarchist Bookfair on the social themes of his work.

Robinson's work often explores alternatives to modern capitalism. In the Mars trilogy, it is argued that capitalism is an outgrowth of feudalism, which could be replaced in the future by a more democratic economic system. Worker ownership and cooperatives figure prominently in Green Mars and Blue Mars as a replacement for traditional corporations. The Orange County trilogy explores similar arrangements; Pacific Edge includes the idea of attacking the legal framework behind corporate domination to promote social egalitarianism.

Robinson's work often portrays characters struggling to preserve and enhance the world around them in an environment characterized by individualism and entrepreneurialism, often facing the political and economic authoritarianism of corporate power acting within this environment. Robinson has been described as anti-capitalist, and his work often portrays a form of frontier capitalism that promotes ideals that closely resemble socialist systems, and faced with a capitalism that is staunched by entrenched hegemonic corporations. In particular, his Martian Constitution draws upon social democratic ideals explicitly emphasizing a community-participation element in political and economic life.^[6]

Robinson's works often portray the worlds of tomorrow as in a similar way to the mythologized American Western frontier, showing a sentimental affection for the freedom and wildness of the frontier. This aesthetic includes a preoccupation with competing models of political and economic organization.

The environmental, economic, and social themes in Robinson's oeuvre stand in marked contrast to the right-wing libertarian streak prevalent in much of science fiction^{[dubious – discuss]} (Robert A. Heinlein, Poul Anderson, Larry Niven, and Jerry Pournelle being prominent examples), and his work has been called the most successful attempt to reach a mass audience with a left-wing libertarian and anti-capitalist utopian vision since Ursula K. Le Guin's 1974 novel, The Dispossessed.^[7]

Scientists as citizens[link]

Robinson's work often features scientists as heroes. They are portrayed in a mundane way compared to most work featuring scientists: rather than being adventurers or action heroes, Robinson's scientists become critically important because of research discoveries, networking and collaboration with other scientists, political lobbying, or becoming public figures. The Mars trilogy and The Years of Rice and Salt rely heavily on the idea that scientists must take responsibility for ensuring public understanding and responsible use of their discoveries. Robinson's scientists often emerge as the best people to direct public policy on important environmental and technological questions, on which politicians are often ignorant.

Awards[link]

Robinson's novels have won eleven major science fiction awards, and have been nominated on twenty-nine occasions.^[8]

Robinson won the Hugo Award for Best Novel with Green Mars (1994);^[9] and Blue Mars (1997);^[10] the Nebula Award for Best Novel with Red Mars (1993);^[11] the Nebula Award for Best Novella with The Blind Geometer (1986); the World Fantasy Award with Black Air (1983);^[12] a John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel with Pacific Edge (1991);^[13] and Locus Awards for The Wild Shore (1985), A Short, Sharp Shock (1991), Green Mars (1994), Blue Mars (1997), The Martians (2000), and The Years of Rice and Salt (2003).^[14]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Kim Stanley Robinson

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kim Stanley Robinson

• Kim Stanley Robinson at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• KimStanleyRobinson.info – unofficial site
• ^{[dead link]}A podcast episode featuring Kim Stanley Robinson discussing his novel Sixty Days and Counting
• Short descriptions of K.S. Robinson's novels
• An interview with K.S. Robinson
• All of Kim Stanley Robinson's audio interviews on the podcast The Future And You (in which he describes his expectations of the future)
• Author's IBList.com Entry
• Guardian interview with K.S. Robinson
• "Comparative Planetology: an Interview with Kim Stanley Robinson" at BLDGBLOG
• Audio interview from IT Conversations – recorded 2006-01-01 covering the Science in the Capital series
• Complete list of sci-fi award wins and nominations by novel
• Interview on the SciFiDimensions Podcast

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011)

Kim Stanley
Photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1961
Born	Patricia Reid (1925-02-11)February 11, 1925 Tularosa, New Mexico, U.S.
Died	August 20, 2001(2001-08-20) (aged 76) Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
Alma mater	Actors Studio University of New Mexico
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1950–1985
Spouse	Bruce Hall (1945–1946; divorced) Curt Conway (1949–1956; divorced) 2 children Alfred Ryder (1958–1964; divorced) 1 child Joseph Siegel (1964–1967; divorced)

Kim Stanley (February 11, 1925 – August 20, 2001) was an American actress, primarily in television and theatre, but with occasional film performances.

She began her acting career in theatre, and subsequently attended the Actors Studio in New York City, New York. She received the 1952 Theatre World Award for her role in The Chase (1952), and starred in the Broadway productions of Picnic (1953) and Bus Stop (1955). Stanley was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her roles in A Touch of the Poet (1959) and A Far Country (1962).

During the 1950s, Stanley was a prolific performer in television, and later progressed to film, with a well-received performance in The Goddess (1959). She was the narrator of To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) and starred in Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964), for which she won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She was less active during the remainder of her career; two of her later film successes were as the mother of Frances Farmer in Frances (1982), for which she received a second Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress, and as Pancho Barnes in The Right Stuff (1983). She received an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie for her performance as Big Mama in a television adaptation of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1985).

Last years[link]

She did not act during her later years, preferring the role of teacher, in Los Angeles, California, and later Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she died in 2001, of uterine cancer.

Early life[link]

Stanley was born Patricia Reid in Tularosa, New Mexico, the daughter of Ann (née Miller), an interior decorator, and J. T. Reid, a professor of philosophy and education at the University of New Mexico, located in Albuquerque.^[1] Her father was of Irish or Scottish descent, born and raised in Texas, where he met her mother (who was of German and English ancestry). She had three brothers (Howard Clinton Reid, a psychiatrist; Kenneth Reid, killed in pilot training during World War II; and Justin Truman Reid, a lawyer); and a half-sister, Carol Ann Reid.^[1] She was a drama major at the University of New Mexico and later studied at the Pasadena Playhouse and adopted her maternal grandmother's surname as her stage name.^[1]

Career[link]

Stanley was a successful Broadway actress with only a few film roles. She was singled out by The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson for her early work. She eventually attended the Actors Studio, studying under Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg. She received the 1952 Theatre World Award for her performance as Anna Reeves in The Chase,^[2] and starred in such Broadway hits as Picnic (1953), playing Millie Owens (which she never felt received the credit it deserved) and Bus Stop (1955), playing Cherie.

She was nominated for the 1959 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for A Touch of the Poet and the 1962 Tony for Best Actress in a Play for her portrayal of Elizabeth von Ritter in Henry Denker's A Far Country. Stanley also portrayed Maggie "The Cat" in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in the original London production of the play. She was a leading lady of live television drama, which flourished in New York City during the 1950s. Among her many starring roles was Wilma, a star-struck 15-year-old girl from the U.S. Gulf Coast of Texas in Horton Foote's A Young Lady of Property, which aired on The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse on April 5, 1953. Following a savaging by English critics after her London performance of "Masha" in an Actors Studio production of Anton Chekhov's play The Three Sisters (1965) she vowed never to perform on stage again, a vow she kept for the rest of her life.^{[citation needed]}

Film[link]

Her first film was The Goddess (1958), playing a tragic movie star modeled on Marilyn Monroe (though she and director, John Cromwell, would forever deny Marilyn's influence, using Rita Hayworth as being more accurate). She starred in Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964), winning both the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.

A filmed version of Strasberg-directed Three Sisters (1966) opened with Stanley reprising the role of Masha, and is the only time one can see her perform in a film alongside Geraldine Page, Sandy Dennis, Shelley Winters and other well-known names of the Actors Studio. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance as Frances Farmer's possessive mother in Frances (1982). She also played Pancho Barnes in The Right Stuff (1983). Stanley was the uncredited narrator in the drama film To Kill a Mockingbird (1962). As the narrator, she represents the character Jean Louise Finch ("Scout") as an adult. Mary Badham portrays Scout as a child in the film.

She received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for her appearance in the episode, "A Cardinal Act of Mercy" (1963), of the television series, Ben Casey (1961–1966), and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or a Special for her appearance in Tennessee Williams's Southern melodrama Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1985), this time as Big Mama.

Personal life[link]

Stanley was married four times – Bruce Hall (1945–1946), Curt Conway (1949– 1956), Alfred Ryder (1958–1964) and Joseph Siegel (1964–1967) – with all four marriages ending in divorce. She had three children, one by Conway, one by Brooks Clift (brother of Montgomery Clift) while she was married to Conway, and one by Ryder. During her marriage to Ryder, Stanley converted to Judaism.^[3]

Death[link]

Stanley died of uterine cancer while living in a Santa Fe, New Mexico, nursing home at the age of 76. She was survived by her first husband, Bruce Hall, her brother Justin, her three children, and several nephews and nieces. A biography, Female Brando: the Legend of Kim Stanley (2006), by Jon Krampner, was published by Back Stage Books, a division of Watson-Guptill.

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	Film portal
	Theatre portal
	Television portal

• List of American film actresses
• List of American television actresses

References[link]

External links[link]

• Kim Stanley at the Internet Broadway Database
• Kim Stanley at the Internet Movie Database
• Biographer Jon Krampner KimStanley.net Website
• Telegraph obituary
• Documentary film-in-progress THE NEEDS OF KIM STANLEY Kim Stanley at the Internet Movie Database

Medal record
Men’s basketball
Competitor for  United States
FIBA Americas U18 Championship
Gold	2006 San Antonio	Team competition

Stanley Robinson (born July 14, 1988) is an American basketball player. Robinson was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the 59th (out of 60) overall pick at the 2010 NBA Draft. A small forward, and occasionally power forward, Robinson played in college with the Connecticut Huskies.

On August 16, 2010 he signed an unguaranteed, one year contract with the Magic, however, Robinson was waived following the conclusion of training camp in October 2010.

In his personal life, he is the father to three children.

See also[link]

• 2006 high school boys basketball All-Americans

External links[link]

• UConn bio
• NBADraft.net profile

This biographical article relating to a United States basketball figure born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2011)

Robert Joseph "Bob" Vila (b. June 20, 1946) is an American home improvement television show host known for This Old House (1979–1989), Bob Vila's Home Again (1990–2005), and Bob Vila (2005–2007).

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Vila, a Cuban American native of Miami, Florida, received a Bachelor degree in entomology from the University of Florida in 1969. After graduating, he served as a volunteer in the Peace Corps, working in Panama from 1971 to 1973.^[1]

Career[link]

Vila was hired as the host of This Old House in 1979 after receiving the "Heritage House of 1978" award by Better Homes and Gardens, for his restoration of a Victorian Italianate house in Newton, Massachusetts.^[2] On This Old House, Vila appeared with carpenter Norm Abram as they, and others, renovated houses. In 1989 he left the show under controversial circumstances. Some cite the reason as being a series of conflicts with This Old House executive producer Russell Morash arising from his involvement with outside commercial endorsements,^[3] while others cite a specific instance- Vila's commercial work for New Jersey-based Rickel and the subsequent retaliatory pulling of underwriting from Rickel's competitor Home Depot and lumber supplier Weyerhaeuser- as the reason behind his departure.^[4] He was replaced by Steve Thomas.

After leaving This Old House, Vila became a commercial spokesman for Sears, and beginning in 1990 he hosted Bob Vila's Home Again (known from 2005 on as Bob Vila), a weekly-syndicated home improvement program. The series ran for sixteen seasons in syndication before it was canceled by distributor CBS Television Distribution due to declining ratings.^[5] Vila has also appeared on various episodes of the situation comedy Home Improvement as himself, where main character and cable TV host Tim Taylor (played by Tim Allen) saw him as a rival and went to great lengths to try to beat Vila at things, which he never succeeded in doing. Vila also made a cameo in the 1993 comedy spoof Hot Shots! Part Deux.

Vila has written ten books, including a five-book series titled Bob Vila's Guide to Historic Homes of America. As of 2006, he still appears regularly on television. He can also be seen on the Home Shopping Network, selling a range of tools under his own brand.

Other productions[link]

Bob Vila's less widely known productions include Guide to Historic Homes of America (1996), In Search of Palladio, (1996) for A&E, and Restore America for HGTV.

Historic Homes of America[link]

Guide to Historic Homes of America (1996)^[6] included two-hour segments on each of four major regions of the United States: the Northeast, including New England and the Mid-Atlantic States,^[7] the South, the Midwest and the West.

The Northeast

• Morris-Jumel Mansion overlooking Yankee Stadium in Washington Heights, Manhattan
• Dyckman House on Broadway in Upper Manhattan
• Hancock Shaker Village in western Massachusetts.
• Strawbery Banke restoration in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
• Olana - "a palatial amalgam of Middle-Eastern and European influences."^[6]

The Mid-Atlantic States

• Chesapeake Bay and Annapolis, Maryland - William Paca House and Hammond-Harwood House
• New Castle, Delaware - George Read II House, built by the son of George Read
• Baltimore, Maryland - Homewood House on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood campus
• Washington, D.C. - Decatur House on President's Park and Tudor Place in Georgetown

The South

• Thomas Jefferson

• University of Virginia - ten residential pavilions surround the great, terraced Lawn.
• Ash Lawn-Highland
• Poplar Forest - octagonal house filmed while undergoing complete restoration
• Monticello - includes Dome Room at top of building (not open to the public) and Honeymoon Cottage.

• Natchez, Mississippi

• House on Endicott Hill - early trader's house
• Rosalie - Federal architecture mansion^[8] with John Henry Belter^[9] furniture and a panoramic view of Mississippi River.
• Stanton Hall - "perhaps the grandest Greek Revival house anywhere."^[6] Designed by Captain Thomas Rose.^[10]
• Longwood - begun in 1860 by Samuel Sloan. Never finished: construction halted in April 1861.^[11]

• Texarkana, Texas - the Ace of Clubs House.^[12]

The Midwest and West

• Ellwood House - built by barbed wire entrepreneur Isaac L. Ellwood in DeKalb, Illinois.
• Frank Lloyd Wright

• Dana-Thomas House in Springfield, Illinois. "It's richer in detail than any other Wright home."^[6]
• Fallingwater in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains

• Cooper-Molera Adobe - early Spanish Colonial owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in Monterey State Historic Park.
• Filoli - Woodside, California in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Designed by Willis Polk.
• Tor House^[13] - stone house and tower overlooking the Pacific Ocean at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, built by Robinson Jeffers.

In Search of Palladio[link]

In Search of Palladio (1996) is a three-part, six-hour study of the work and lasting influence of the 16th-century architect Andrea Palladio. Palladio designed various types of buildings, but the series concentrates on his domestic architecture. (See also: Palladian Villas of the Veneto).

I. Villas of the Veneto

• Villa Giustinian, Roncade. - For Vila this building (not by Palladio) provides the context for Palladio's innovative thinking - gothic battlements, portcullis and stone walls concealing a Renaissance palace and farm buildings.
• Villa Pisani^[14] in Montagnana - a descendant of the original owners served as Vila's guide.
• Villa Cornaro - A suburban villa on a town street, a palatial residence which was also an on-site place of business for running a large farming enterprise.
• Villa Barbaro.
• Villa Emo - For Vila this is "perhaps the most dramatic farmhouse ever built".
• La Rocca Pisana - spectacular hilltop belvedere by Palladio's pupil Vincenzo Scamozzi.

II. The Palladians in England and Ireland

• London: Chiswick House, Marble Hill House and Stourhead.
• Bath, Somerset: Queen Square,^[15] The Circus and the Royal Crescent.
• Republic of Ireland: Casino at Marino - "the architectural equivalent of a Fabergé egg".
• Northern Ireland: Castle Ward - overlooking Strangford Lough with both Palladian and Gothic facades and interiors.

III. The Palladian Legacy in America

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Mount Pleasant.
• Marblehead and Waltham, Massachusetts: Jeremiah Lee Mansion and Gore Place
• Hudson Valley, New York: Boscobel House Museum - purchased in 1955 for thirty-five dollars. Meticulously restored, situated on a bluff on the east bank of the Hudson River opposite the United States Military Academy at West Point.^[16]
• Hartford, Connecticut: Austin House - built for Wadsworth Atheneum director Arthur Everett Austin, Jr.
• South Bend, Indiana. In Indiana Vila looks at University of Notre Dame architectural school "where Palladio and classical architecture are taken seriously indeed", Vitruvian House^[17] designed by Thomas Gordon Smith and Villa Indiana designed by Duncan G. Stroik.^[18]

Restore America[link]

Restore America consists of fifty one-hour segments which explore historic preservation and building restoration in each of the fifty U.S. states. Anticipating the turn of the 3rd millennium, it was first broadcast on HGTV between July 4, 1999 and July 4, 2000.^[19]

Bibliography[link]

Bob Vila has written two dozen or more books, which include:

• 1980: This Old House: Restoring, Rehabilitating, and Renovating an Older House. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-17704-0.
• 1990: Bob Vila's Guide to Buying Your Dream House. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-90291-8.
• 1993-1994: Bob Vila's Guides to Historic Homes of America. New York: Quill (HarperCollins imprint).

• Historic Homes of New England. ISBN 0-688-12493-3.
• Historic Homes of the South. ISBN 0-688-12492-5.
• Historic Homes of the Midwest and Great Plains. ISBN 0-688-12495-X.
• Historic Homes of the West. ISBN 0-688-12496-8.
• Historic Homes of the Mid-Atlantic. ISBN 0-688-12494-1.