praenomen or throne name nomen or birth name
Khamudi[1] in hieroglyphs

Khamudi (also known as Khamudy) was the last pharaoh of the Hyksos fifteenth dynasty of Egypt, who came to power in the northern portion of Egypt. The Year 11 date in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is now believed by many Egyptologists to belong to his reign since it refers to Ahmose I, founder of the Egyptian New Kingdom as "He of the South."^[2] As Thomas Schneider writes:

"Another reign length can be inferred from the note on the verso of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus whereby in the 11th regnal year of the ruling king, Heliopolis has been conquered, and "he of the South" has attacked and taken Sile. Since "he of the South" must denote the Theban ruler Ahmose, the regnal year 11 can only be assigned to the successor of the Hyksos king Apepi I: Khamudi. The Hyksos capital Avaris will have fallen to Ahmose not much later."^[3]

Another date on the papyrus is explicitly dated to Year 33 of Khamudi's predecessor Apophis. It is generally believed that Ahmose I defeated the Hyksos king by his 18th or 19th year. This is suggested by "a graffito in the quarry at Tura whereby 'oxen from Canaan' were used at the opening of the quarry in Ahmose's regnal year 22."^[4] Since the cattle could only have been brought after Ahmose's 3 year long siege of the South Canaanite town of Sharuhen which followed after the fall of Avaris, this means the reign of Khamudi must have terminated by Year 18 or 19 of Ahmose's 25 year reign at the very latest.^[5]

The Hyksos were a foreign line of rulers who invaded Egypt and ruled for several generations before this defeat by Ahmose a native ruler from Thebes, who drove them from Egypt at that time.

References[link]

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Ralph Gordon Ellis (1885–1963) was an English painter and designer of inn signs.

Life and work[link]

Ralph Gordon Ellis was born in Arundel on 31 January 1885 at no.12 the High Street, overlooking the square. His father William was in business as a taxidermist.^[1]

On leaving school, Ralph went away to London as an apprentice to a furniture draughtsman and designer, but never settled to the work. Instead, he turned to painting - an interest of his father's - by day making his living by painting houses and after work attending evening classes in drawing and painting.^[1]

In 1913, three years after his marriage to Gertrude Seymour, a stonemason's daughter, he opened a little shop in her home town of Bognor as an 'oil and colour man', selling home decorating materials and artists' supplies as well as his own paintings.^[1]

During the First World War, Ralph saw action with the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Queen's (Royal West Surrey) Regiment. Injured by shrapnel in July 1917, Ralph was discharged and returned to England. He then enrolled at the Slade School of Fine Art in London where he studied until 1919.^[1]

Relocating to Arundel in 1920, Ralph soon established his reputation as a portrait and landscape painter and, in a highly specialised field of art, as a designer and painter of inn signs. By the end of his commercial career he had painted well over two hundred signs for the Henty & Constable brewery alone.^[1]

Ralph retired from his inn sign painting business in 1951 and then dedicated the rest of his life to landscape painting.^[1] He died in Arundel in 1963 - a commemorative blue plaque was erected by West Sussex County Council on his home at 47 Maltravers Street, Arundel in May 1995.

Exhibitions[link]

He exhibited a portrait of Arthur Greaves, J.P at the Royal Academy in 1931;^[2] El Rio in 1933.^[2] An exhibition on the life and work of Ralph Ellis is on permanent display at Arundel Museum.

Signs Painted For Inns & Hotels[link]

• Cricketers (Donnington)
• Coach & Horses (Compton)
• Fox & Hounds (Funtington)

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Ralph Ellis of Arundel 1885-1963: Painter & Designer of Inn Signs (West Sussex County Council, 1995
2. ^ ^{a b} Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905-1970, Vol III (EP Publishing LTD, 1979)

External links[link]

• Arundel Museum Houses permanent exhibit of Ellis's work.