An elaborate storage box made of wood.

Box (plural boxes) describes a variety of containers and receptacles for permanent use as storage, or for temporary use often for transporting contents. The word derives from the Greek πύξος (puxos), "box, boxwood".^[1][2]

Boxes may be made of durable materials such as wood or metal, or of corrugated fiberboard, paperboard, or other non-durable materials. The size may vary from very small (e.g., a matchbox) to the size of a large appliance. A corrugated box is a very common shipping container. When no specific shape is described, a box of rectangular cross-section with all sides flat may be expected, but a box may have a horizontal cross section that is square, elongated, round or oval; sloped or domed top surfaces, or non-vertical sides.

A decorative or storage box may be opened by raising, pulling, sliding or removing the lid, which may be hinged and/or fastened by a catch, clasp, or lock.

Packaging boxes[link]

An empty box made of corrugated fiberboard

A corrugated folder for pizza

Several types of boxes are used in packaging and storage.

• A corrugated box is a shipping container made of corrugated fiberboard. These are most commonly used to transport and warehouse products during distribution, and are rated according to the strength of the material or the capacity of the finished box.
• A folding carton (sometimes called a box) is fabricated from paperboard. The paperboard is printed (if necessary), die-cut and scored to form a blank. These are transported and stored flat, and erected at the point of filling. These are used to package a wide range of goods, intended either for one-time (non-resealable) use or as a storage box for the remaining goods.
  • A variant of the folding carton is the gift box, used for birthday or Christmas gifts and often wrapped in decorative wrapping paper; this type is usually of much lighter construction than a similar-sized paperboard box meant for packaging and distribution.
• A "set up" box (or rigid paperboard box) is made of stiffer paperboard, permanently glued together with paper skins that can be printed or colored. Unlike folding cartons, these are assembled at the point of manufacture and transported already "set-up". Set-up boxes are more expensive than folding boxes and are typically used for protecting high value items such as cosmetics, watches or smaller consumer electronics.
• A crate is a heavy duty shipping container originally made of wood. Crates are distinct from wooden boxes, also used as heavy duty shipping containers. For a wooden container to be a crate, all six of its sides must be put in place to result in the rated strength of the container. The strength of a wooden box, on the other hand, is rated based on the weight it can carry before the top or opening is installed.
  • A variant of the wooden box is the wooden wine box or wine crate, originally used for shipping and storing expensive wines, but now days for decorative or promotional purposes or as a storage box instead of for protection during shipping.
• A bulk box is a large box often used in industrial environments. It is sized to fit well on a pallet.

Depending on locale and specific usage, the terms carton and box are sometimes used interchangeably.

Storage boxes[link]

18th century German gold and mother of pearl snuffbox

Boxes for storing various items in can often be very decorative, as they are intended for permanent use and sometimes are put on display.

• A jewelry (AmE) or jewellery (BrE) box, is a box for trinkets or jewels. It can take a very modest form with paper covering and lining, covered in leather and lined with satin, or be larger and more highly decorated.
• A humidor is a special box for storing cigars at the proper humidity, by means of absorbent materials that retain and moderate moisture coming from the cigars. Powered boxes can also maintain the right temperature.^{[citation needed]}
• A "strong box" or safe, is a secure lockable box for storing money or other valuable items. The term "strong box" is sometimes used for safes that are no longer portable boxes but are installed in a wall or floor for increased security.
• A toolbox is used for carrying tools of various kinds. The term implies a container meant for portability rather than just storage, for instance with hinged lids, clasps or locks, reinforced corners, and handles. Toolboxes are usually very sturdy, but unlike a shipping box containing dunnage, are not expected to fully protect their contents if the box is inverted or upended.
• The common storage box for tools, instruments, glassware, artworks, etc. is a sturdy box made to be longer-lasting and better-finished than a shipping box or crate. For instance, a box might be a rigid paperboard box instead of a corrugated box. Or it could be a wooden box with a sanded surface and mitered corners instead of a crude crate construction. A storage box may or may not have dunnage or cushions that protect the contents if the box is upended or shaken, and usually does not have hinges, latches or locks, but simply a cover. Boxwood gets its name from its superior properties for manufacturing this type of box, although those properties are equally useful when making a decorative box.

Electrical boxes[link]

In electrical terminology, a "box" is used to contain and protect connections, thus:

• Junction box, a fixed container for electrical connections, frequently installed in walls and containing electrical outlets.
• Fuse box, holds electrical fuses or circuit breakers

Postal service boxes[link]

• Post box (British English and others, also written postbox), or mailbox (North American English and others) is a physical box used to collect mail that is to be sent to a destination. Variants of post boxes for outgoing mail include:

• Lamp box
• Ludlow wall box
• Pillar box
• Wall box

Boxes where postmen deposit incoming mail for the recipient include:

• Letter box (in the US usually called mailbox), positioned near or on the mail recipient's home or place of work.
• Post office box, (often abbreviated P.O. box or PO box), a box rented by the mail recipient to be an independent postal address, located in a post office or in the premises of a company offering such facilities. Self-service boxes are unlocked by the recipient, otherwise a postal clerk retrieves the mail.

A relay box is similar to a post or mail box, but totally locked; post office trucks deposit mail that is then retrieved and delivered by pedestrian mail carriers. In the United States, they are painted differently than collection boxes.

Booths that are sometimes called boxes[link]

• Police box, a booth for use by police in 20th century Britain.
• Penalty box, a booth used in sports where a player sits to serve the time of a given penalty.
• Telephone box, a booth containing a public telephone.
• Signal box, a building by a railway to coordinate and control railway signals.

Other boxes[link]

Clear sided ballot boxes used in the Haitian general election in 2006

• Ballot box, a box in which votes (ballot papers) are deposited during voting.
• Black box, something for which the internal operation is not described but its function is.
• Black box (transportation), a durable data-recording device found in some vehicles, used to assist in the investigation of an accident.
• Box, informal reference to large box-shaped parts of a computer, such as the base unit or tower case of a personal computer.
• Coach Box or the driver's seat on a carriage coach.
• Dispatch box, (or despatch box), a box for holding official papers and transporting them.
• Glory box or Hope Chest, a box or chest containing items typically stored by unmarried young women in anticipation of married life.
• Jack-in-the-box, a children's toy containing a surprise.
• Lunch box, or "lunch pail" or "lunch kit", a rigid container used for carrying food. Can also be decorative.
• Mitre box, a woodworking tool used to guide a hand saw to make precise mitre cuts in a board.
• Nest box, a substitute for a hole in a tree for birds to make a nest in.
• Pandora's box, in Greek mythology, a box containing the evils of mankind and also hope.
• Set-top box, a device used to decode and display TV signals.
• Check box, on paper, normally to check off as opinion or option.

See also[link]

Look up box in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Boxes

• The Box^{[disambiguation needed ]}
• Corrugated box design

References[link]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

General references, books[link]

• Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, ISBN 1-930268-25-4
• Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (April 2008)

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (May 2007)

Danny Doyle is a solo Irish folk singer.

Background[link]

Leaving school at fourteen years of age, he started doing odd jobs, including general factotum in Dublin's Pike Theatre, where he began to pick up from the travelling players songs from the Irish countryside.

During the 1960s and 1970s he was one of the top Irish singers, regularly featuring in the Irish charts and scoring three No.1 singles (notably displacing ABBA's "Take a Chance on Me" after just one week at the top).^[1] He has recorded 25 albums, including Emigrant Eyes, a collaboration with his sister Geraldine, a comedienne popular in Australia. He is probably best known for his 1967 Number One hit "Whiskey on a Sunday".

He has appeared in concert throughout the world including Carnegie Hall, New York and the Albert Hall, London.

Although retired from performing, he joined numerous musicians on stage at the end of the 2010 Milwaukee Irish Fest in what is known as the Scattering.

Discography[link]

Selected singles^[2]

• "Step it Out Mary" (IE #4) 1967
• "The Irish Soldier Laddie" (IE #7) 1967
• "Whiskey on a Sunday" (IE #1) 1967
• "The Mucky Kid" (IE #17) 1968
• "The Green Hills of Kerry"
• "A Daisy a Day" (IE #1) 1973
• "Thanks for the Memories" (IE #2) 1974
• "Special Love Song" (IE #11) 1974
• "Somewhere, Somebody's Waiting" (IE #5) 1976
• "The Rare Auld Times" (IE #1) 1978
• "The Rare Auld Times" (re-release) (IE #14) 1979

Albums

• Raised on Songs and Stories
• The Highwayman
• Twenty Years A-Growing
• Collection Vol. 1 (Emerald Encore)
• Collection Vol. 2
• Folkmaster's Ensemble
• Under a Connemara Moon
• Classic Collection
• St. Brendan's Fair Isle
• Emigrant Eyes
• The Wearing of the Green

Books[link]

• The Gold Sun of Freedom (with Terrance Folan)
• Festival Legends, Songs & Stories (John O'Brien Jr.)

References[link]

1. ^ Irish charts - number ones
2. ^ Irish charts - Danny Doyle

External links[link]

• Danny Doyle Home Page: [1]