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Nikola Tesla
Cast
- Rade Serbedzija
- Vjenceslav Kapural
- Ljuba Tadic
- Svetlana Bojkovic
- Zlatko Crnkovic
- Mustafa Nadarevic
- Ivo Serdar
- Ratko Buljan
- Spiro Guberina
- Miljenko Brlecic
- Dragan Milivojevic
- Miro Segrt
- Izet Hajdarhodzic
- Vlatko Dulic
- Borivoj Sembera
- Mile Rupcic
- Ivo Kristof
- Velimir Chytil
- Dunja Sablic
- Zoran Pokupec
- Zvonimir Zoricic
- Drazen Grünwald
- Petar Buntic
- Irena Kolesar
- Season 1
-
Episode 1: (#1.1)
Yugoslavia:16 October 1977...
-
Episode 2: (#1.2)
Yugoslavia:23 October 1977...
-
Episode 3: (#1.3)
Yugoslavia:30 October 1977...
-
Episode 4: (#1.4)
Yugoslavia:6 November 1977...
-
Episode 5: (#1.5)
Yugoslavia:13 November 1977...
-
Episode 6: (#1.6)
Yugoslavia:20 November 1977...
-
Episode 7: (#1.7)
Yugoslavia:27 November 1977...
-
Episode 8: (#1.8)
Yugoslavia:4 December 1977...
-
Episode 9: (#1.9)
Yugoslavia:11 December 1977...
-
Episode 10: (#1.10)
Yugoslavia:18 December 1977...
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Nikola Tesla - Joy Electric
Lesser known of these inventors
Bell, Marconi, T. Edison
(Chorus)
Nikola Tesla, Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla, Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla, who remembers?
Libraries of calculations
Unfinished and then forgotten
Radio, a feat unheard of
Broadcast from a wireless system
Neon lights, fluorescent light bulbs
Microscopes and basic radar
Genius, scientist, inventor
Famous quotes by Nikola Tesla:
"The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly. One must be sane to think clearly, but one can think deeply and be quite insane."
"Like a flash of lightning and in an instant the truth was revealed. I drew with a stick on the sand the diagrams of my motor. A thousand secrets of nature which I might have stumbled upon accidentally I would have given for that one which I had wrestled from her against all odds and at the peril of my existence."
"Before I put a sketch on paper, the whole idea is worked out mentally. In my mind I change the construction, make improvements, and even operate the device. Without ever having drawn a sketch I can give the measurements of all parts to workmen, and when completed all these parts will fit, just as certainly as though I had made the actual drawings. It is immaterial to me whether I run my machine in my mind or test it in my shop. The inventions I have conceived in this way have always worked. In thirty years there has not been a single exception. My first electric motor, the vacuum wireless light, my turbine engine and many other devices have all been developed in exactly this way."
"The gift of mental power comes from God, Divine Being, and if we concetrate our minds on that truth, we become in tune with this great power."
"The spread of civilisation may be likened to a fire; First, a feeble spark, next a flickering flame, then a mighty blaze, ever increasing in speed and power."
"The practical success of an idea, irrespective of its inherent merit, is dependent on the attitude of the contemporaries. If timely it is quickly adopted; if not, it is apt to fare like a sprout lured out of the ground by warm sunshine, only to be injured and retarded in its growth by the succeeding frost."
"My method is different. I do not rush into actual work. When I get a new idea, I start at once building it up in my imagination, and make improvements and operate the device in my mind. When I have gone so far as to embody everything in my invention, every possible improvement I can think of, and when I see no fault anywhere, I put into concrete form the final product of my brain."
"I do not think there is any thrill that can go through the human heart like that felt by the inventor as he sees some creation of the brain unfolding to success... Such emotions make a man forget food, sleep, friends, love, everything."
"If Edison had a needle to find in a haystack, he would proceed at once with the diligence of the bee to examine straw after straw until he found the object of his search."
"Let the future tell the truth, and evaluate each one according to his work and accomplishments. The present is theirs; the future, for which I have really worked, is mine."
"The spread of civilisation may be likened to a fire; first, a feeble spark, next a flickering flame, then a mighty blaze, ever increasing in speed and power."
"Our virtues and our failings are inseparable, like force and matter. When they separate, man is no more."
"I do not think there is any thrill that can go through the human heart like that felt by the inventor as he sees some creation of the brain unfolding to success... such emotions make a man forget food, sleep, friends, love, everything."
"Today's scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality."
Send this Playlist by SMS
Nikola Tesla - "The Greatest mind of all"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:10
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla - "The Greatest mind of all" (original - Modern Marvels Nikola Tesla - Mad electricity from History Channel ) Nikola Tesla - Никола Тесла 10 Jul...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_The_Greatest_mind_of_all
Nikola Tesla - "The Greatest mind of all" (original - Modern Marvels Nikola Tesla - Mad electricity from History Channel ) Nikola Tesla - Никола Тесла 10 Jul...
UFOTV® Presents - Nikola Tesla - The Genius Who Lit the World - FREE Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:50
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
This program reveals the discoveries of a forgotten genius, many of which went virtually unnoticed for nearly a century. Nikola Tesla is considered the fathe...
http://wn.com/UFOTV®_Presents_Nikola_Tesla_The_Genius_Who_Lit_the_World_FREE_Movie
This program reveals the discoveries of a forgotten genius, many of which went virtually unnoticed for nearly a century. Nikola Tesla is considered the fathe...
- published: 08 Dec 2010
- views: 1099788
- author: UFOTV Studios
The Unknown Genius of Nikola Tesla | Discovery Channel Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:02
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 -- 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American[2][3] inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer...
http://wn.com/The_Unknown_Genius_of_Nikola_Tesla_|_Discovery_Channel_Documentary
Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 -- 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American[2][3] inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer...
- published: 19 Feb 2013
- views: 207981
- author: DocumentaryGeek
Life As Nikola Tesla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 83:57
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Life_As_Nikola_Tesla
Nikola Tesla - The secrets hidden in the pyramids of Egypt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:12
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_The_secrets_hidden_in_the_pyramids_of_Egypt
Nikola Tesla - Gospodar svijeta (Kompletan film)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:58
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Ruski dokumentarac ( 2007) Režija: Vitalij Pravdivcev Vjeruje se da su u istoriji čovječanstva bile samo dvije velike ličnosti,dva genija to su: Leonardo da ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_Gospodar_svijeta_Kompletan_film
Ruski dokumentarac ( 2007) Režija: Vitalij Pravdivcev Vjeruje se da su u istoriji čovječanstva bile samo dvije velike ličnosti,dva genija to su: Leonardo da ...
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 407079
- author: bebamur2
Nikola Tesla - The Greatest mind ★ Documentary ★
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:10
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla - The Greatest mind.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_The_Greatest_mind_★_Documentary_★
NIKOLA TESLA Istine i tajne 1.deo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 67:12
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/NIKOLA_TESLA_Istine_i_tajne_1deo
Nikola Tesla vs Thomas Edison. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
ERB Returns For Season 3 This Fall ◅ Down-load this song on iTunes: http://bit.ly/ZsB7wO Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/68FSf Check out the ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_vs_Thomas_Edison_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
ERB Returns For Season 3 This Fall ◅ Down-load this song on iTunes: http://bit.ly/ZsB7wO Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/68FSf Check out the ...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 17501755
- author: ERB
Nikola Tesla: El hombre que iluminó el mundo 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:40
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla dominó la corriente alterna, inventó la tecnología de la radio y patentó 700 inventos, incluyendo el control remoto sin cable y las bujías. Pero...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_El_hombre_que_iluminó_el_mundo_1_2
Nikola Tesla dominó la corriente alterna, inventó la tecnología de la radio y patentó 700 inventos, incluyendo el control remoto sin cable y las bujías. Pero...
- published: 06 Jun 2009
- views: 337866
- author: otrofulanomas
The History of Nikola Tesla - a Short Story
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Friend me on Facebook! http://on.fb.me/gCSs8F For freelance/business inquiries - business@jeremiahwarren.com Nikola Tesla was born on July 10th 1856, in the ...
http://wn.com/The_History_of_Nikola_Tesla_a_Short_Story
Friend me on Facebook! http://on.fb.me/gCSs8F For freelance/business inquiries - business@jeremiahwarren.com Nikola Tesla was born on July 10th 1856, in the ...
- published: 10 Jul 2010
- views: 703700
- author: jeremiahjw
Nikola Tesla gospodar sveta online sa prevodom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:58
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla gospodar sveta.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_gospodar_sveta_online_sa_prevodom
Nikola Tesla - dokument
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:35
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Geniální vynálezce, vizionář, který předběhl svou dobu, a k jehož dílu se nyní s obdivem i v tichém úžasu - a s novým pochopením - začínáme vracet, po téměř ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_dokument
Geniální vynálezce, vizionář, který předběhl svou dobu, a k jehož dílu se nyní s obdivem i v tichém úžasu - a s novým pochopením - začínáme vracet, po téměř ...
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 183995
- author: Gossscha1
Nikola Tesla: Great Minds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Hank brings us the tale of the bizarre and eccentric genius with the crazy eyes who spent his life increasing awesome wherever he went, and contributed in so...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_Great_Minds
Hank brings us the tale of the bizarre and eccentric genius with the crazy eyes who spent his life increasing awesome wherever he went, and contributed in so...
- published: 07 Oct 2012
- views: 310032
- author: scishow
La verdad sobre la energía eléctrica - Nikola Tesla un hombre silenciado por el capitalismo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:06
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
La verdad sobre la energía eléctrica, la cual debería ser libre como el aire que respiramos, ya que es generada por la misma naturaleza.
http://wn.com/La_verdad_sobre_la_energía_eléctrica_Nikola_Tesla_un_hombre_silenciado_por_el_capitalismo
La verdad sobre la energía eléctrica, la cual debería ser libre como el aire que respiramos, ya que es generada por la misma naturaleza.
- published: 24 Jul 2012
- views: 98688
- author: Episodic333
Nikola Tesla - History Channel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:03
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla tenía una extraña visión del futuro y esto le trajo muchos fracasos. Sin embargo su genio cambio el mundo para siempre. Entre sus inventos se pu...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_History_Channel
Nikola Tesla tenía una extraña visión del futuro y esto le trajo muchos fracasos. Sin embargo su genio cambio el mundo para siempre. Entre sus inventos se pu...
- published: 12 May 2013
- views: 12553
- author: VideoZoom2013
Agape - Nikola Tesla - sanjar, vizionar ili intuitivni genije - gost, ing. Goran Marjanović
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:58
- Updated: 08 Aug 2013
У емисији Студија Б, "Агапе", ижeњер електротехнике Горан Марјановић објашњава Теслине идеје и генијална открића како теоријски тако и кроз потврду у својим ...
http://wn.com/Agape_Nikola_Tesla_sanjar,_vizionar_ili_intuitivni_genije_gost,_ing_Goran_Marjanović
У емисији Студија Б, "Агапе", ижeњер електротехнике Горан Марјановић објашњава Теслине идеје и генијална открића како теоријски тако и кроз потврду у својим ...
- published: 24 Jul 2011
- views: 10157
- author: DzonsonBor
Energia libre por el aire "Energia radiante de Nikola Tesla"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:47
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla torre Wanderclyffe http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4TJE_6YLn48/TzxZs_hK63I/AAAAAAAARTM/Au3KHtV_fH4/s1600/Wardenclyffe.jpg Imagen del circuito de Energ...
http://wn.com/Energia_libre_por_el_aire_Energia_radiante_de_Nikola_Tesla
Nikola Tesla torre Wanderclyffe http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4TJE_6YLn48/TzxZs_hK63I/AAAAAAAARTM/Au3KHtV_fH4/s1600/Wardenclyffe.jpg Imagen del circuito de Energ...
- published: 14 Apr 2013
- views: 4584
- author: lishowa urano
The Missing Secrets of Nikola Tesla (Full Documentary)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 45:27
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
The Missing Secrets of Nikola Tesla (Full Documentary) ... ... ... 2013 This documentary and the rest of the documentaries here are about important times and...
http://wn.com/The_Missing_Secrets_of_Nikola_Tesla_Full_Documentary
The Missing Secrets of Nikola Tesla (Full Documentary) ... ... ... 2013 This documentary and the rest of the documentaries here are about important times and...
- published: 26 Jun 2013
- views: 4064
- author: productofit
Nikola Tesla @ flying saucers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:31
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
http://www.cosmicpolymath.com/ http://www.steampunknaturalist.com/nikola-tesla-proucts.html http://www.steampunknaturalist.com/nikola-tesla.html.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_@_flying_saucers
http://www.cosmicpolymath.com/ http://www.steampunknaturalist.com/nikola-tesla-proucts.html http://www.steampunknaturalist.com/nikola-tesla.html.
- published: 08 Mar 2011
- views: 130306
- author: Cosmic Polymath
Nikola Tesla zraci smrti cijeli film online sa prevodom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:32
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_zraci_smrti_cijeli_film_online_sa_prevodom
Nikola Tesla movie -- Most amazing man who ever lived!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:09
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
"My Inventions" - a short film bio-pic about Nikola Tesla.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_movie_-_Most_amazing_man_who_ever_lived!
"My Inventions" - a short film bio-pic about Nikola Tesla.
- published: 04 May 2010
- views: 130265
- author: kitsilano99
NIKOLA TESLA HIS GENIUS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:07
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Prof . Jim Al-khalili, "One of the most important inventions of all time "... Nikola Tesla his Genius created the electric world we live in today. This video...
http://wn.com/NIKOLA_TESLA_HIS_GENIUS
Prof . Jim Al-khalili, "One of the most important inventions of all time "... Nikola Tesla his Genius created the electric world we live in today. This video...
- published: 07 Oct 2012
- views: 3324
- author: Niko Tesla
Send this Playlist by SMS
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 221547694
- author: ColdplayVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal
Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal
Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 188854975
Rihanna - Take A Bow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 30 Nov 2009
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Take_A_Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 101563388
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_Titanium_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 206129443
- author: davidguettavevo
Nice Guys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 31 May 2011
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches.
Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425
Subscribe to these lovely people:
Chester See (Check out Chester's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/chestersee
Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba
Dtrix
http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow
Cathy Nguyen
http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg
Kina Grannis
http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI
Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic
Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei
http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei
http://wn.com/Nice_Guys
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches.
Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425
Subscribe to these lovely people:
Chester See (Check out Chester's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/chestersee
Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba
Dtrix
http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow
Cathy Nguyen
http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg
Kina Grannis
http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI
Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic
Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei
http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 48586319
Safe & Sound (The Hunger Games: Songs From District 12 An...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Safe & Sound. (C) 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC Buy Now! iTunes - http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/safe-sound-from-hun...
http://wn.com/Safe_Sound_The_Hunger_Games_Songs_From_District_12_An
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Safe & Sound. (C) 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC Buy Now! iTunes - http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/safe-sound-from-hun...
- published: 16 Feb 2012
- views: 39078395
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...
http://wn.com/Avicii_Wake_Me_Up_Lyric_Video
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...
- published: 28 Jun 2013
- views: 69855928
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" stor...
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_The_One_That_Got_Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" stor...
- published: 11 Nov 2011
- views: 181895331
- author: KatyPerryVEVO
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_She_Wolf_Falling_To_Pieces_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 176875018
- author: davidguettavevo
![Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/W-w3WfgpcGg/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/...
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_It_Will_Rain_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/...
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 167579277
- author: Bruno Mars
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 402907128
- author: Ryan Lewis
![Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man [Official Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/ekzHIouo8Q4/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man [Official Video]")
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Directed by Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man
Download the single now: http://smarturl.it/wheniwasyourman
Get Unorthodox Jukebox now on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
http://www.brunomars.com
http://www.twitter.com/brunomars
http://www.facebook.com/thatbrunomars
© 2013 WMG.
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_When_I_Was_Your_Man_Official_Video_
Directed by Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man
Download the single now: http://smarturl.it/wheniwasyourman
Get Unorthodox Jukebox now on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
http://www.brunomars.com
http://www.twitter.com/brunomars
http://www.facebook.com/thatbrunomars
© 2013 WMG.
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 124391208
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Rehab_ft_Justin_Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 59697196
- author: RihannaVEVO
![Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LjhCEhWiKXk/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh © 2011 WMG. The o...
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_Just_The_Way_You_Are_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh © 2011 WMG. The o...
- published: 08 Sep 2010
- views: 317502554
- author: Bruno Mars
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_Everything_Has_Changed_ft_Ed_Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.
- published: 06 Jun 2013
- views: 30414243
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 155498687
- author: RihannaVEVO
How To Sing Like Your Favorite Artists
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 30 May 2013
Whether you think you can't sing, or if you know you can... you cant. YET!
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
http://wn.com/How_To_Sing_Like_Your_Favorite_Artists
Whether you think you can't sing, or if you know you can... you cant. YET!
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
- published: 30 May 2013
- views: 12752204
![THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/mO1QBTG6EXs/default.jpg "THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]")
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 18 Nov 2011
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf
GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y
COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b
------------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
==LYRICS==
Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne
Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME!
I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise
And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice
"Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy
I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry
I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think?
Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK.
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin'
I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right)
I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out
Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now
Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now
Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town
Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina
So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole?
Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled.
You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!)
The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008!
Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style
Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child?
You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll
Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old?
You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often?
She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in.
Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face
L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay.
Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore
It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword
It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule
'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled"
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
==CREDITS==
Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz)
Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez
Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia)
Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty
==SONG CREDITS==
-Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari)
-Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
-Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon
-Link Vocals: Ian Hecox
-Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla
-Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE)
-Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty
-Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios
==CAST==
-Link: Ian Hecox
-Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner)
-Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla
-Tingle: Anthony Padilla
-Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland
-Santa Claus: Gary Agid
==ADDITIONAL CREW==
-Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner
-Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley
-Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan
-Colorist: Mike Burton
-Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber
-Art Director: Patrick Egan
-Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner
-Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy
-Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg
-Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland
-Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis
-Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife
-Casting Director: Julliane Gabert
-Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff
-Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor
-Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions
-Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES
-Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission
-Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.
http://wn.com/THE_LEGEND_OF_ZELDA_RAP_MUSIC_VIDEO_
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf
GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y
COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b
------------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
==LYRICS==
Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne
Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME!
I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise
And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice
"Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy
I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry
I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think?
Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK.
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin'
I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right)
I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out
Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now
Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now
Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town
Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina
So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole?
Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled.
You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!)
The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008!
Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style
Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child?
You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll
Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old?
You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often?
She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in.
Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face
L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay.
Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore
It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword
It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule
'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled"
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
==CREDITS==
Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz)
Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez
Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia)
Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty
==SONG CREDITS==
-Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari)
-Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
-Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon
-Link Vocals: Ian Hecox
-Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla
-Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE)
-Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty
-Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios
==CAST==
-Link: Ian Hecox
-Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner)
-Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla
-Tingle: Anthony Padilla
-Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland
-Santa Claus: Gary Agid
==ADDITIONAL CREW==
-Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner
-Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley
-Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan
-Colorist: Mike Burton
-Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber
-Art Director: Patrick Egan
-Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner
-Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy
-Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg
-Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland
-Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis
-Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife
-Casting Director: Julliane Gabert
-Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff
-Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor
-Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions
-Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES
-Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission
-Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.
- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 39464682
![Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fLexgOxsZu0/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2011 WMG. The o...
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_The_Lazy_Song_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2011 WMG. The o...
- published: 15 Apr 2011
- views: 410665912
- author: Bruno Mars
Steve Jobs vs Bill Gates. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
ERB Returns For Season 3 This Fall ◅ Download This Song: http://bit.ly/KzLBGB Click to Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://bit.ly/Nt9lg8 Hi. My name is Nice Peter...
http://wn.com/Steve_Jobs_vs_Bill_Gates_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
ERB Returns For Season 3 This Fall ◅ Download This Song: http://bit.ly/KzLBGB Click to Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://bit.ly/Nt9lg8 Hi. My name is Nice Peter...
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 60375014
- author: ERB
P!nk - Try
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music...
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 96004434
- author: PinkVEVO
Mirrors - Justin Timberlake (Boyce Avenue feat. Fifth Harmony cover) on iTunes & Spotify
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:37
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour
iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BAiTunes
Spotify: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2dSpotify
Boyce Avenue and Fifth Harmony cover "Mirrors" by Justin Timberlake
- - - - - - - - - - -
These girls are like sisters to us! We can't believe we've known them and worked with them since their first performance ever together as a group. We met them on X Factor USA as their vocal coaches, under the guidance of Simon Cowell, and have stayed in touch ever since. We hope you love this video we've done together as much as we loved making it! :)
- - - - - - - - - - -
Boyce Avenue:
Official Site
http://boyceavenue.com
Twitter
http://twitter.com/boyceavenue
YouTube
http://youtube.com/BoyceAvenue (Music Channel)
http://youtube.com/BoyceAvenueExtras (Vlog Channel)
Facebook
http://facebook.com/boyceavenue
- - - - - - - - - - -
Fifth Harmony:
Official Site
http://fifthharmonyofficial.com
Twitter
http://twitter.com/FifthHarmony
YouTube
http://youtube.com/OfficialFifthHarmony
Facebook
http://facebook.com/fifthharmony
- - - - - - - - - - -
Audio & Video Produced by Alejandro Manzano & Daniel Manzano
Arrangement by Alejandro
Recorded & Engineered by Adam Barber
Mixed & Mastered by Adam Barber
Additional Mixing & Mastering by Alejandro & Daniel
http://wn.com/Mirrors_Justin_Timberlake_Boyce_Avenue_feat_Fifth_Harmony_cover_on_iTunes_Spotify
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour
iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BAiTunes
Spotify: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2dSpotify
Boyce Avenue and Fifth Harmony cover "Mirrors" by Justin Timberlake
- - - - - - - - - - -
These girls are like sisters to us! We can't believe we've known them and worked with them since their first performance ever together as a group. We met them on X Factor USA as their vocal coaches, under the guidance of Simon Cowell, and have stayed in touch ever since. We hope you love this video we've done together as much as we loved making it! :)
- - - - - - - - - - -
Boyce Avenue:
Official Site
http://boyceavenue.com
Twitter
http://twitter.com/boyceavenue
YouTube
http://youtube.com/BoyceAvenue (Music Channel)
http://youtube.com/BoyceAvenueExtras (Vlog Channel)
Facebook
http://facebook.com/boyceavenue
- - - - - - - - - - -
Fifth Harmony:
Official Site
http://fifthharmonyofficial.com
Twitter
http://twitter.com/FifthHarmony
YouTube
http://youtube.com/OfficialFifthHarmony
Facebook
http://facebook.com/fifthharmony
- - - - - - - - - - -
Audio & Video Produced by Alejandro Manzano & Daniel Manzano
Arrangement by Alejandro
Recorded & Engineered by Adam Barber
Mixed & Mastered by Adam Barber
Additional Mixing & Mastering by Alejandro & Daniel
- published: 12 May 2013
- views: 16774169
Adele - Rolling in the Deep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 30 Nov 2010
Music video by Adele performing Rolling In The Deep. (C) 2010 XL Recordings Ltd.
#VEVOCertified on July 25, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Adele_Rolling_in_the_Deep
Music video by Adele performing Rolling In The Deep. (C) 2010 XL Recordings Ltd.
#VEVOCertified on July 25, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 429494368
Send this Playlist by SMS
"Just A Dream" by Nelly - Sam Tsui & Christina Grimmie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour Hope yo...
http://wn.com/Just_A_Dream_by_Nelly_Sam_Tsui_Christina_Grimmie
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour Hope yo...
- published: 21 Nov 2010
- views: 68109581
- author: KurtHugoSchneider
Eminem - Mockingbird
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Mockingbird. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 14297644. (C) 2004 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records.
http://wn.com/Eminem_Mockingbird
Music video by Eminem performing Mockingbird. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 14297644. (C) 2004 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 72818752
- author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified.
http://wn.com/Eminem_No_Love_Explicit_Version_ft_Lil_Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified.
- published: 29 Sep 2010
- views: 123153503
- author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 05 Aug 2010
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Eminem_Love_The_Way_You_Lie_ft_Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Aug 2010
- views: 592979251
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 05 Jun 2010
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 434850885
Eminem - When I'm Gone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 16 Jun 2009
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records
http://wn.com/Eminem_When_I'm_Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 163248721
Eminem - Space Bound
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 27 Jun 2011
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records
http://wn.com/Eminem_Space_Bound
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records
- published: 27 Jun 2011
- views: 96819250
One Direction - More Than This (Up All Night: The Live Tour)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Click here to pre-order your copy of Up All Night -- The Live Tour NOW! MyPlay: http://myplay.me/nxa, Amazon: http://amzn.to/yCrp2g, Play: http://bit.ly/LIr1...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_More_Than_This_Up_All_Night_The_Live_Tour
Click here to pre-order your copy of Up All Night -- The Live Tour NOW! MyPlay: http://myplay.me/nxa, Amazon: http://amzn.to/yCrp2g, Play: http://bit.ly/LIr1...
- published: 10 May 2012
- views: 40187773
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
Eminem - Beautiful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Beautiful. (C) 2009 Aftermath Records.
http://wn.com/Eminem_Beautiful
Music video by Eminem performing Beautiful. (C) 2009 Aftermath Records.
- published: 26 Nov 2009
- views: 163288379
- author: EminemVEVO
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC #VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified ...
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_You_Belong_With_Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC #VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified ...
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 260460889
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
One Direction - Little Things
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now! Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things. iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D Amazon: http://amzn.to/...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_Little_Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now! Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things. iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D Amazon: http://amzn.to/...
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 119754711
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
Eminem - Like Toy Soldiers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Like Toy Soldiers. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 2799494. #VEVOCertified on Nov. 26, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http:...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Like_Toy_Soldiers
Music video by Eminem performing Like Toy Soldiers. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 2799494. #VEVOCertified on Nov. 26, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http:...
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 120146961
- author: EminemVEVO
"Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Check out the OFFICIAL VIDEO for "Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys! JAY Z "Open Letter": http://bit.ly/OpenLetterJAYZ More episodes of JAY Z ▻ http:...
http://wn.com/Empire_State_of_Mind_JAY_Z_|_Alicia_Keys_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Check out the OFFICIAL VIDEO for "Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys! JAY Z "Open Letter": http://bit.ly/OpenLetterJAYZ More episodes of JAY Z ▻ http:...
- published: 30 Oct 2009
- views: 176975983
- author: JAY Z's Life+Times
Eminem - You Don't Know ft. 50 Cent, Cashis, Lloyd Banks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing You Don't Know. (C) 2006 Shady Records/Interscope Records.
http://wn.com/Eminem_You_Don't_Know_ft_50_Cent,_Cashis,_Lloyd_Banks
Music video by Eminem performing You Don't Know. (C) 2006 Shady Records/Interscope Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 63623845
- author: EminemVEVO
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_One_Way_Or_Another_Teenage_Kicks
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 135120764
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
![ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130911110455im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/12PWq22E9CQ/default.jpg "ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]")
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean
DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit
WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer
GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ
GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN
●LYRICS●
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand
Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man
I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos
Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues
When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me
In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry
Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss
What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop!
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
From Boston to NY, always up to no good
Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood
Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back
Using my hidden blade for a secret attack
Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man
Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can
Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat
What? A man's gotta eat...
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth
Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat
Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef
I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs
You can't step up to me and my gang
Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb'
Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son
I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
...
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
●CREDITS●
Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd
Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd
Mixed by Peter de Leon
Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty
Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff
Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez
Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder
Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley
Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez
Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner
Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney
Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower
Set Designer - Edward Duffy
Scenic - Lynn Malmburg
Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke
Art Director - Patrick Egan
Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher
Art PA - Karl Mollohan
Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty
Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd
CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani
Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey
DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton
Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck
Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann
Casting - Julianne Gabert
●CAST●
Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla
George Washington - Ian Hecox
British General - Keenan Johnston
Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers
General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton
Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos
Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler
Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower
Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur
British Guards
Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters
Common Folk
Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette
Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio
Colonial Dancers
Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal
●Special thanks●
The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission
The Carry House Hotel
Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch
...
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!
http://wn.com/ULTIMATE_ASSASSIN'S_CREED_3_SONG_Music_Video_
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean
DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit
WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer
GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ
GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN
●LYRICS●
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand
Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man
I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos
Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues
When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me
In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry
Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss
What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop!
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
From Boston to NY, always up to no good
Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood
Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back
Using my hidden blade for a secret attack
Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man
Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can
Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat
What? A man's gotta eat...
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth
Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat
Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef
I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs
You can't step up to me and my gang
Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb'
Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son
I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
...
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
●CREDITS●
Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd
Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd
Mixed by Peter de Leon
Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty
Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff
Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez
Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder
Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley
Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez
Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner
Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney
Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower
Set Designer - Edward Duffy
Scenic - Lynn Malmburg
Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke
Art Director - Patrick Egan
Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher
Art PA - Karl Mollohan
Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty
Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd
CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani
Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey
DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton
Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck
Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann
Casting - Julianne Gabert
●CAST●
Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla
George Washington - Ian Hecox
British General - Keenan Johnston
Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers
General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton
Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos
Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler
Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower
Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur
British Guards
Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters
Common Folk
Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette
Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio
Colonial Dancers
Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal
●Special thanks●
The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission
The Carry House Hotel
Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch
...
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 38345307
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour SUBS...
http://wn.com/CUPS!!_Pitch_Perfect_Sam_Tsui,_Alex_G,_Kina_Grannis,_Kurt_Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour SUBS...
- published: 05 Jul 2013
- views: 5263504
- author: KurtHugoSchneider
Eminem - Sing For The Moment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Sing For The Moment. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records.
http://wn.com/Eminem_Sing_For_The_Moment
Music video by Eminem performing Sing For The Moment. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 53956858
- author: EminemVEVO
Send this Playlist by SMS
Nikola Tesla Secrets - Full documentary movie | motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 104:07
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Tesla motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets Full documentary movie George Westinghouse Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Charles Coffin, Edwin Houston ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_Secrets_Full_documentary_movie_|_motors,engines,model_s_turbines_patents,secrets
Tesla motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets Full documentary movie George Westinghouse Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Charles Coffin, Edwin Houston ...
- published: 03 Feb 2013
- views: 25506
- author: George Dominik
Nikola Tesla: The Philadephia Experiment, Time Travel Secret
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
nikola tesla the philadephia experiment. Time travel secret film interviews, patents, inventions , Glen producer carlos e. diaz aka papilos xfactor. Comes fr...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_The_Philadephia_Experiment,_Time_Travel_Secret
nikola tesla the philadephia experiment. Time travel secret film interviews, patents, inventions , Glen producer carlos e. diaz aka papilos xfactor. Comes fr...
- published: 23 Dec 2006
- views: 533870
- author: cdlmt
Saving Nikola Tesla's Laboratory - Special Report VVH-TV News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:02
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Wardenclyffe: Tesla's Only Remaining Laboratory with Karl Grossman, Chief Investigative Reporter, WVVH-TV News In 1901, Tesla purchased 200 acres on Long Isl...
http://wn.com/Saving_Nikola_Tesla's_Laboratory_Special_Report_VVH-TV_News
Wardenclyffe: Tesla's Only Remaining Laboratory with Karl Grossman, Chief Investigative Reporter, WVVH-TV News In 1901, Tesla purchased 200 acres on Long Isl...
- published: 27 Sep 2010
- views: 96931
- author: VVHTV
Nikola Tesla Free Energy (English Language)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:14
- Updated: 23 May 2013
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_Free_Energy_English_Language
Nikola Tesla - The Man Who Electrified The World
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla is considered as the father of our modern technological age and one of the most mysterious and controversial persons ever to walk on the earth. ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_The_Man_Who_Electrified_The_World
Nikola Tesla is considered as the father of our modern technological age and one of the most mysterious and controversial persons ever to walk on the earth. ...
- published: 31 Mar 2011
- views: 6476
- author: e200i
Hugh Jackman about Nikola Tesla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
"The Prestige" with David Bowie - 2007 www.teslasociety.ch.
http://wn.com/Hugh_Jackman_about_Nikola_Tesla
"The Prestige" with David Bowie - 2007 www.teslasociety.ch.
- published: 29 Nov 2007
- views: 131788
- author: muller1026
Nikola Tesla ili prilagodjavanje andjela
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:26
- Updated: 01 Jul 2013
Nikola Tesla.
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_ili_prilagodjavanje_andjela
Learn about Nikola Tesla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 01 Feb 2012
http://wn.com/Learn_about_Nikola_Tesla
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:50
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla (2005) Ispostavilo se da je jedan od najpoznatijih i misterioznijih naučnika prošlog vijeka - Nikola Tesla imao nevjerovatnu intuici...
http://wn.com/Intuicija_Nikola_Tesla
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla (2005) Ispostavilo se da je jedan od najpoznatijih i misterioznijih naučnika prošlog vijeka - Nikola Tesla imao nevjerovatnu intuici...
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 38676
- author: bebamur2
Nikola Tesla 1857-1943 Scalar Technology Is Real And This Is The Man Responsible
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Nikola Tesla 1856-1943 His Legacy Lives On - looking at the life of one of the greatest inventors the world has really never been told about. Nikola Tesla, S...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_1857-1943_Scalar_Technology_Is_Real_And_This_Is_The_Man_Responsible
Nikola Tesla 1856-1943 His Legacy Lives On - looking at the life of one of the greatest inventors the world has really never been told about. Nikola Tesla, S...
- published: 24 Mar 2011
- views: 19352
- author: infamos
UFOTV® Presents - Above Top Secret - UFOs, Nikola Tesla, Free Energy and Antigravity Technology - FREE Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 86:20
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
EBE Award Winner! Best Historical UFO Documentary - International UFO Congress. This film explores the history of our modern technological age, secret advanc...
http://wn.com/UFOTV®_Presents_Above_Top_Secret_UFOs,_Nikola_Tesla,_Free_Energy_and_Antigravity_Technology_FREE_Movie
EBE Award Winner! Best Historical UFO Documentary - International UFO Congress. This film explores the history of our modern technological age, secret advanc...
- published: 27 Oct 2010
- views: 374126
- author: UFOTV® The Disclosure Network
Tesla_Inventor_Trailer01.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:13
- Updated: 19 May 2013
An interview with Nikola Tesla, set in 1904 after the Wardenclyffe failure. With Mike Maria, the Tesla impersonator in the docu-feature "Inventor of Modern T...
http://wn.com/Tesla_Inventor_Trailer01mov
An interview with Nikola Tesla, set in 1904 after the Wardenclyffe failure. With Mike Maria, the Tesla impersonator in the docu-feature "Inventor of Modern T...
- published: 18 Apr 2010
- views: 2223
- author: Michael Krause
Freie Energie und Raumenergie - Deutsche Dokumentation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 109:49
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
http://www.TeslaBauPlan.com Freie Energie und Raumenergie.
http://wn.com/Freie_Energie_und_Raumenergie_Deutsche_Dokumentation
http://www.TeslaBauPlan.com Freie Energie und Raumenergie.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 7227
- author: Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla Conspiracy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:14
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
The Tesla Conspiracy: interview of Author Michael D. Finley by Steve Mortensen of Smart Social Media. Nikola Tesla proved in 1931 that a full-sized electric ...
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla_Conspiracy
The Tesla Conspiracy: interview of Author Michael D. Finley by Steve Mortensen of Smart Social Media. Nikola Tesla proved in 1931 that a full-sized electric ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 2346
- author: SiriusSupportChannel
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:47
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan An interview by Alfred Lambremont Webre VANCOUVER, B.C. - Exopolit...
http://wn.com/Tesla,_Reincarnation,_Time_Travel_Extraterrestrials_Patrick_Flanagan_and_Sterling_Allan
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan An interview by Alfred Lambremont Webre VANCOUVER, B.C. - Exopolit...
- published: 13 Jul 2012
- views: 32962
- author: Alfred Lambremont Webre
4:21
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by M...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: ColdplayVEVO
Coldplay - Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 221547694
- author: ColdplayVEVO
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal
Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 188854975
3:50
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C...
published: 30 Nov 2009
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 101563388
4:06
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 21 Dec 2011
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 206129443
- author: davidguettavevo
2:50
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girl...
published: 31 May 2011
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches.
Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425
Subscribe to these lovely people:
Chester See (Check out Chester's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/chestersee
Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba
Dtrix
http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow
Cathy Nguyen
http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg
Kina Grannis
http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI
Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic
Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei
http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 48586319
4:01
Safe & Sound (The Hunger Games: Songs From District 12 An...
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Safe & Sound. (C) 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC Buy...
published: 16 Feb 2012
author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Safe & Sound (The Hunger Games: Songs From District 12 An...
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Safe & Sound. (C) 2012 Big Machine Records, LLC Buy Now! iTunes - http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/safe-sound-from-hun...
- published: 16 Feb 2012
- views: 39078395
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
4:12
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeu...
published: 28 Jun 2013
author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...
- published: 28 Jun 2013
- views: 69855928
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
4:51
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry a...
published: 11 Nov 2011
author: KatyPerryVEVO
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" stor...
- published: 11 Nov 2011
- views: 181895331
- author: KatyPerryVEVO
3:58
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 28 Sep 2012
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 176875018
- author: davidguettavevo
4:27
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS 'U...
published: 10 Nov 2011
author: Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/...
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 167579277
- author: Bruno Mars
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 402907128
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:58
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man [Official Video]
Directed by Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man
Download the sing...
published: 05 Feb 2013
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man [Official Video]
Directed by Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - When I Was Your Man
Download the single now: http://smarturl.it/wheniwasyourman
Get Unorthodox Jukebox now on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
http://www.brunomars.com
http://www.twitter.com/brunomars
http://www.facebook.com/thatbrunomars
© 2013 WMG.
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 124391208
4:39
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 ...
published: 14 Dec 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19591123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 59697196
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:02
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" ava...
published: 08 Sep 2010
author: Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh © 2011 WMG. The o...
- published: 08 Sep 2010
- views: 317502554
- author: Bruno Mars
Youtube results:
4:13
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Record...
published: 06 Jun 2013
author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.
- published: 06 Jun 2013
- views: 30414243
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
4:56
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEV...
published: 23 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 155498687
- author: RihannaVEVO
5:43
How To Sing Like Your Favorite Artists
Whether you think you can't sing, or if you know you can... you cant. YET!
Check out my 2...
published: 30 May 2013
How To Sing Like Your Favorite Artists
Whether you think you can't sing, or if you know you can... you cant. YET!
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
- published: 30 May 2013
- views: 12752204
3:34
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
...
published: 18 Nov 2011
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf
GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y
COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b
------------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
==LYRICS==
Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne
Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME!
I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise
And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice
"Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy
I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry
I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think?
Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK.
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin'
I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right)
I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out
Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now
Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now
Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town
Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina
So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole?
Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled.
You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!)
The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008!
Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style
Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child?
You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll
Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old?
You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often?
She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in.
Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face
L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay.
Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore
It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword
It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule
'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled"
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
==CREDITS==
Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz)
Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez
Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia)
Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty
==SONG CREDITS==
-Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari)
-Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
-Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon
-Link Vocals: Ian Hecox
-Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla
-Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE)
-Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty
-Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios
==CAST==
-Link: Ian Hecox
-Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner)
-Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla
-Tingle: Anthony Padilla
-Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland
-Santa Claus: Gary Agid
==ADDITIONAL CREW==
-Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner
-Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley
-Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan
-Colorist: Mike Burton
-Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber
-Art Director: Patrick Egan
-Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner
-Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy
-Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg
-Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland
-Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis
-Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife
-Casting Director: Julliane Gabert
-Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff
-Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor
-Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions
-Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES
-Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission
-Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.
- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 39464682
4:30
"Just A Dream" by Nelly - Sam Tsui & Christina Grimmie
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS We're coming to SINGAPORE and...
published: 21 Nov 2010
author: KurtHugoSchneider
"Just A Dream" by Nelly - Sam Tsui & Christina Grimmie
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour Hope yo...
- published: 21 Nov 2010
- views: 68109581
- author: KurtHugoSchneider
4:19
Eminem - Mockingbird
Music video by Eminem performing Mockingbird. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 14297644. (C) ...
published: 25 Dec 2009
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Mockingbird
Music video by Eminem performing Mockingbird. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 14297644. (C) 2004 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 72818752
- author: EminemVEVO
5:15
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on Jul...
published: 29 Sep 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified.
- published: 29 Sep 2010
- views: 123153503
- author: EminemVEVO
4:28
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCerti...
published: 05 Aug 2010
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Aug 2010
- views: 592979251
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 434850885
6:09
Eminem - When I'm Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscop...
published: 16 Jun 2009
Eminem - When I'm Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 163248721
3:51
One Direction - More Than This (Up All Night: The Live Tour)
Click here to pre-order your copy of Up All Night -- The Live Tour NOW! MyPlay: http://myp...
published: 10 May 2012
author: OneDirectionVEVO
One Direction - More Than This (Up All Night: The Live Tour)
Click here to pre-order your copy of Up All Night -- The Live Tour NOW! MyPlay: http://myplay.me/nxa, Amazon: http://amzn.to/yCrp2g, Play: http://bit.ly/LIr1...
- published: 10 May 2012
- views: 40187773
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
4:15
Eminem - Beautiful
Music video by Eminem performing Beautiful. (C) 2009 Aftermath Records....
published: 26 Nov 2009
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Beautiful
Music video by Eminem performing Beautiful. (C) 2009 Aftermath Records.
- published: 26 Nov 2009
- views: 163288379
- author: EminemVEVO
3:49
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, L...
published: 16 Jun 2009
author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC #VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified ...
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 260460889
- author: TaylorSwiftVEVO
3:38
One Direction - Little Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now! Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Thin...
published: 02 Nov 2012
author: OneDirectionVEVO
One Direction - Little Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now! Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things. iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D Amazon: http://amzn.to/...
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 119754711
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
5:24
Eminem - Like Toy Soldiers
Music video by Eminem performing Like Toy Soldiers. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 2799494....
published: 25 Dec 2009
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Like Toy Soldiers
Music video by Eminem performing Like Toy Soldiers. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 2799494. #VEVOCertified on Nov. 26, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http:...
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 120146961
- author: EminemVEVO
4:42
"Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Check out the OFFICIAL VIDEO for "Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys! JAY Z "Open L...
published: 30 Oct 2009
author: JAY Z's Life+Times
"Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Check out the OFFICIAL VIDEO for "Empire State of Mind" JAY Z | Alicia Keys! JAY Z "Open Letter": http://bit.ly/OpenLetterJAYZ More episodes of JAY Z ▻ http:...
- published: 30 Oct 2009
- views: 176975983
- author: JAY Z's Life+Times
4:25
Eminem - You Don't Know ft. 50 Cent, Cashis, Lloyd Banks
Music video by Eminem performing You Don't Know. (C) 2006 Shady Records/Interscope Records...
published: 25 Dec 2009
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - You Don't Know ft. 50 Cent, Cashis, Lloyd Banks
Music video by Eminem performing You Don't Know. (C) 2006 Shady Records/Interscope Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 63623845
- author: EminemVEVO
Youtube results:
3:23
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing somet...
published: 20 Feb 2013
author: OneDirectionVEVO
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 135120764
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
4:07
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS...
published: 26 Oct 2012
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean
DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit
WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer
GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ
GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN
●LYRICS●
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand
Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man
I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos
Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues
When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me
In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry
Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss
What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop!
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
From Boston to NY, always up to no good
Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood
Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back
Using my hidden blade for a secret attack
Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man
Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can
Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat
What? A man's gotta eat...
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth
Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat
Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef
I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs
You can't step up to me and my gang
Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb'
Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son
I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
...
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
●CREDITS●
Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd
Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd
Mixed by Peter de Leon
Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty
Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff
Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez
Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder
Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley
Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez
Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner
Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney
Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower
Set Designer - Edward Duffy
Scenic - Lynn Malmburg
Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke
Art Director - Patrick Egan
Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher
Art PA - Karl Mollohan
Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty
Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd
CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani
Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey
DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton
Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck
Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann
Casting - Julianne Gabert
●CAST●
Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla
George Washington - Ian Hecox
British General - Keenan Johnston
Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers
General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton
Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos
Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler
Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower
Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur
British Guards
Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters
Common Folk
Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette
Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio
Colonial Dancers
Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal
●Special thanks●
The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission
The Carry House Hotel
Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch
...
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 38345307
2:44
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb We're coming to SINGAPORE ...
published: 05 Jul 2013
author: KurtHugoSchneider
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour SUBS...
- published: 05 Jul 2013
- views: 5263504
- author: KurtHugoSchneider
5:28
Eminem - Sing For The Moment
Music video by Eminem performing Sing For The Moment. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records....
published: 25 Dec 2009
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Sing For The Moment
Music video by Eminem performing Sing For The Moment. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records.
- published: 25 Dec 2009
- views: 53956858
- author: EminemVEVO
104:07
Nikola Tesla Secrets - Full documentary movie | motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets
Tesla motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets Full documentary movie George Westin...
published: 03 Feb 2013
author: George Dominik
Nikola Tesla Secrets - Full documentary movie | motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets
Tesla motors,engines,model s turbines patents,secrets Full documentary movie George Westinghouse Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Charles Coffin, Edwin Houston ...
- published: 03 Feb 2013
- views: 25506
- author: George Dominik
9:39
Nikola Tesla: The Philadephia Experiment, Time Travel Secret
nikola tesla the philadephia experiment. Time travel secret film interviews, patents, inve...
published: 23 Dec 2006
author: cdlmt
Nikola Tesla: The Philadephia Experiment, Time Travel Secret
nikola tesla the philadephia experiment. Time travel secret film interviews, patents, inventions , Glen producer carlos e. diaz aka papilos xfactor. Comes fr...
- published: 23 Dec 2006
- views: 533870
- author: cdlmt
30:02
Saving Nikola Tesla's Laboratory - Special Report VVH-TV News
Wardenclyffe: Tesla's Only Remaining Laboratory with Karl Grossman, Chief Investigative Re...
published: 27 Sep 2010
author: VVHTV
Saving Nikola Tesla's Laboratory - Special Report VVH-TV News
Wardenclyffe: Tesla's Only Remaining Laboratory with Karl Grossman, Chief Investigative Reporter, WVVH-TV News In 1901, Tesla purchased 200 acres on Long Isl...
- published: 27 Sep 2010
- views: 96931
- author: VVHTV
44:14
Nikola Tesla Free Energy (English Language)
...
published: 22 Apr 2013
author: DOCUMENTARYmov
Nikola Tesla Free Energy (English Language)
- published: 22 Apr 2013
- views: 205
- author: DOCUMENTARYmov
10:01
Nikola Tesla - The Man Who Electrified The World
Nikola Tesla is considered as the father of our modern technological age and one of the mo...
published: 31 Mar 2011
author: e200i
Nikola Tesla - The Man Who Electrified The World
Nikola Tesla is considered as the father of our modern technological age and one of the most mysterious and controversial persons ever to walk on the earth. ...
- published: 31 Mar 2011
- views: 6476
- author: e200i
2:30
Hugh Jackman about Nikola Tesla
"The Prestige" with David Bowie - 2007 www.teslasociety.ch....
published: 29 Nov 2007
author: muller1026
Hugh Jackman about Nikola Tesla
"The Prestige" with David Bowie - 2007 www.teslasociety.ch.
- published: 29 Nov 2007
- views: 131788
- author: muller1026
5:28
Learn about Nikola Tesla
...
published: 29 Jun 2011
author: TheCouchTV
Learn about Nikola Tesla
- published: 29 Jun 2011
- views: 290
- author: TheCouchTV
25:50
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla (2005) Ispostavilo se da je jedan od najpoznatijih i misterioznij...
published: 09 Apr 2012
author: bebamur2
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla
Intuicija - Nikola Tesla (2005) Ispostavilo se da je jedan od najpoznatijih i misterioznijih naučnika prošlog vijeka - Nikola Tesla imao nevjerovatnu intuici...
- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 38676
- author: bebamur2
9:54
Nikola Tesla 1857-1943 Scalar Technology Is Real And This Is The Man Responsible
Nikola Tesla 1856-1943 His Legacy Lives On - looking at the life of one of the greatest in...
published: 24 Mar 2011
author: infamos
Nikola Tesla 1857-1943 Scalar Technology Is Real And This Is The Man Responsible
Nikola Tesla 1856-1943 His Legacy Lives On - looking at the life of one of the greatest inventors the world has really never been told about. Nikola Tesla, S...
- published: 24 Mar 2011
- views: 19352
- author: infamos
86:20
UFOTV® Presents - Above Top Secret - UFOs, Nikola Tesla, Free Energy and Antigravity Technology - FREE Movie
EBE Award Winner! Best Historical UFO Documentary - International UFO Congress. This film ...
published: 27 Oct 2010
author: UFOTV® The Disclosure Network
UFOTV® Presents - Above Top Secret - UFOs, Nikola Tesla, Free Energy and Antigravity Technology - FREE Movie
EBE Award Winner! Best Historical UFO Documentary - International UFO Congress. This film explores the history of our modern technological age, secret advanc...
- published: 27 Oct 2010
- views: 374126
- author: UFOTV® The Disclosure Network
5:13
Tesla_Inventor_Trailer01.mov
An interview with Nikola Tesla, set in 1904 after the Wardenclyffe failure. With Mike Mari...
published: 18 Apr 2010
author: Michael Krause
Tesla_Inventor_Trailer01.mov
An interview with Nikola Tesla, set in 1904 after the Wardenclyffe failure. With Mike Maria, the Tesla impersonator in the docu-feature "Inventor of Modern T...
- published: 18 Apr 2010
- views: 2223
- author: Michael Krause
109:49
Freie Energie und Raumenergie - Deutsche Dokumentation
http://www.TeslaBauPlan.com Freie Energie und Raumenergie....
published: 31 Oct 2012
author: Nikola Tesla
Freie Energie und Raumenergie - Deutsche Dokumentation
http://www.TeslaBauPlan.com Freie Energie und Raumenergie.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 7227
- author: Nikola Tesla
7:14
Nikola Tesla Conspiracy
The Tesla Conspiracy: interview of Author Michael D. Finley by Steve Mortensen of Smart So...
published: 18 Jan 2013
author: SiriusSupportChannel
Nikola Tesla Conspiracy
The Tesla Conspiracy: interview of Author Michael D. Finley by Steve Mortensen of Smart Social Media. Nikola Tesla proved in 1931 that a full-sized electric ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 2346
- author: SiriusSupportChannel
Youtube results:
69:47
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan...
published: 13 Jul 2012
author: Alfred Lambremont Webre
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan
Tesla, Reincarnation, Time Travel & Extraterrestrials: Patrick Flanagan and Sterling Allan An interview by Alfred Lambremont Webre VANCOUVER, B.C. - Exopolit...
- published: 13 Jul 2012
- views: 32962
- author: Alfred Lambremont Webre
photo: AP
10 Sep 2013
ZAMBOANGA, Philippines . Muslim rebels seized scores more hostages and traded gunfire with Philippines troops today, in the second day of a stand-off after mounting a deadly attack on a southern city, officials said. Gunshots rang out at dawn on the coastal outskirts of Zamboanga, in the confrontation between the government and Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) gunmen aimed at derailing peace talks. ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP / Claude Paris
10 Sep 2013
10 September 2013 Last updated at 10.54 BST. France will table a resolution to the UN Security Council calling on Syria to "shed all light" on its chemical weapons programme, the French Foreign Minister has said ... He said. "France will today table to its partners at the security council, a draft resolution." Read more ... World ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: UN / Eskinder Debebe
09 Sep 2013
Russia has called for the UN’s atomic energy watchdog to provide an immediate assessment of the situation in Syria, amid fears of the “catastrophic” nuclear hazards involved in a potential military strike on government targets. Just days after debates over the Syrian crisis dominated other matters at the G20 summit, the 35-nation International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) board suffered the same fate ... Yet Russia claimed ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
photo: Public Domain / State Department photo
10 Sep 2013
Secretary of State John Kerry may not have expected his casual suggestion that Syria avert American military action by giving up its chemical weapons to be taken seriously. But it may have created a diplomatic way out for President Obama, who has insisted that a military strike is the only way to respond after concluding that the Syrian government used poison gas in its civil war. Related in Opinion. Editorial ... Editorial ... Editorial ... Mr ... Mr....(size: 6.0Kb)
photo: AP / Gerald Herbert
08 Sep 2013
Regardless of whether the United States government can get away with bombing Syria in the short term, the long-term repercussions to international order will endanger American preeminence. If America is setting new standards for the use of force, other powers may find that, for once, they want to be more like America ... These unbalanced figures are unsustainable, and annual U.S. deficits are a matter of public record ... British – audiences ... ....(size: 9.4Kb)
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The People's Voice
10 Sep 2013
The evidence she has compiled shows the effects related to experiments done by John Hutchinson and Nikola Tesla. She will be followed by Mike Rivero and finally we will hear from Nikola Tesla via an interplanetary communication device ... Can we safely assume you are aware of the Radiant Energy research by Nikola Tesla in the Late 19th Century? The ......(size: 37.0Kb)
Edit
The Examiner
09 Sep 2013
Everybody knows their natal Sun Sign, which governs their wants, areas of expertise, and societal role ... In short, it governs irrational responses ... Moon in Aries ... Leonardo di Caprio, Kate Winslet, William Shakespeare, Marie Antoinette, Joan of Arc, Sting, Kristen Stewart, Agatha Christie, Walt Disney, Anne Hathaway, Nikola Tesla, Bruce Springsteen, Sid Vicious, Michael Caine, Humphrey Bogart, Ingmar Bergman, Sylvia Plath, Jane Austen....(size: 23.7Kb)
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Huffington Post
08 Sep 2013
Last month, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg shared some questionable advice on how to become successful at work. Don't go to the bathroom ... "You gotta be there.". It wasn't the first time the mayor has suggested that chaining yourself to your desk is the way to get ahead ... According to Harvard psychologist Shelley H ... Archimedes ... Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla had many great ideas, but one of his best occurred to him far from the laboratory....(size: 13.5Kb)
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The New York Times
06 Sep 2013
“They like the experience,’’ he said ... It’s like the Dead ... Called “The Journey,” the new show will have a 2,000-voice choir and a full symphony orchestra to tell the story of American innovators, including the battle between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. “Tesla was maligned by history, and I think Edison was one of the biggest jerks of all time,” Beck said from his office, which is decorated in historic collectors’ items ... Beck, Glenn ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)
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The Los Angeles Times
05 Sep 2013
As grand experiments go, the legend of Nikola Tesla is safe. The Dodgers rolled out their latest reclamation project Wednesday, and sorry to report, and it did not go well. Edinson Volquez made his first start for the Dodgers and looked very much like a guy who had built a 5.97 ERA before being released by the San Diego Padres ... BOX SCORE. Colorado 7, Dodgers 5 ... Such is the luxury when you start the day with a 13 1/2-game division lead ... 0 ... ....(size: 7.6Kb)
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noodls
03 Sep 2013
(Source. Massey University). Stacey Kenny Nine Massey design graduates have won international recognition in the Red Dot global design awards ... She will learn whether she has won the Luminary award at a ceremony in Singapore in late October ... Industrial Design ... Graphic Design ... Joshua Thompson and Brodie Nel, from Christchurch and New Plymouth respectively, for a comic that focuses on the life of tormented scientific genius Nikola Tesla....(size: 3.3Kb)
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The Examiner
02 Sep 2013
Interview with Andrew Colvin on "Flying Saucer To The Center Of Your Mind Selected Writings Of John A. Keel". 1. I hear you have just edited a couple of John Keel anthologies, one of which is now on Amazon. That is big news. Tell us how that all got started. I first came across John Keel’s work in the early 1990s ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... And this can work in reverse, too, as it did with Nikola Tesla – who got his technological ideas through paranormal means....(size: 16.2Kb)
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Houston Chronicle
30 Aug 2013
While there've been all manner of geek events during the past 50 years of what we now consider geekdom, there's never been a time when geek culture has permitted the creation of a show exclusively about how to live a happier, nerdier life ... The event is a benefit for The Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe, which is transforming the resting place of Nikola Tesla’s last existing laboratory into a museum and technology center....(size: 3.0Kb)
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noodls
30 Aug 2013
(Source. BMI - Broadcast Music lnc) ... The transition didn't happen overnight, of course, and the argument is never-ending over whether the actual quality of sound recording and playback is better now versus then. In the meantime, let's take a look at some of the key stages in audio's journey from analog to digital ... There were many people involved in the invention of the radio along with Marconi, including Nikola Tesla ... (noodl....(size: 9.4Kb)
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noodls
29 Aug 2013
Aerodrom Nikola Tesla AD) News ... Serbian House shop has officially been opened in Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport transit area ... Serbian House shop has officially been opened in Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport transit area ... The shop was opened at the ribbon cutting ceremony by Violeta Jovanović, Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport Executive Director and Adrian Bradshaw, Dufry Belgrade General Manager ... Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport....(size: 2.6Kb)
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Business Journal
29 Aug 2013
Ed Sealover Reporter- Denver Business Journal Email . Facebook . Twitter . Capitol Business blog. Gov. John Hickenlooper welcomed national and international entrepreneurs to the Colorado Innovation Summit Wednesday by exhorting them to be the next Nikola Tesla — and even managed to get an endorsement of the Amendment 66 school tax hike into his opening address ... Phone. 303-803-9229. Related links.. Denver ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
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noodls
29 Aug 2013
Partizan squad departed from Nikola Tesla Airport for Switzerland this morning with final destination being Thun and tomorrow`s 20.00h kick-off game determining who will be part of Europa League group stage this season ... By chance, at the same time as our boys were checking-in at the Tesla Airport, Vojvodina squad was departing for Moldova for theirs EL encounter and with same ambitions - to make it to the group stage....(size: 2.3Kb)
| Nikola Tesla | |
|---|---|
 Tesla, aged 37, 1893, photo by Napoleon Sarony |
|
| Born | (1856-07-10)10 July 1856 Smiljan, Austrian Empire (Croatian Military Frontier) |
| Died | 7 January 1943(1943-01-07) (aged 86) Manhattan, New York, USA |
| Residence | Manhattan, New York, USA Karlovac, Croatia Budapest, Hungary |
| Citizenship | Austrian Empire (10 July 1856 – 29 October 1918)[citation needed] United States (30 July 1891 – 7 January 1943) |
| Fields | Electrical engineering Mechanical engineering |
| Institutions | Edison Machine Works Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. |
| Alma mater | Graz University of Technology Charles University in Prague |
| Known for | |
| Influences | Ernst Mach |
| Influenced | Gano Dunn |
| Notable awards | Order of St. Sava (1892) Elliott Cresson Medal (1894) Edison Medal (1916) John Scott Medal (1934) |
Signature |
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Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, and futurist. He was an important contributor to the use of commercial electricity, and is best known for developing the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system. His many revolutionary developments in the field of electromagnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were based on the theories of electromagnetic technology discovered by Michael Faraday. Tesla's patents and theoretical work also formed the basis of wireless communication and the radio.
Born in the village of Smiljan (now part of Gospić, present day Croatia), Tesla was a subject of the Austrian Empire by birth and later became an American citizen.[1] Because of his 1894 demonstration of short range wireless communication through radio[2] and as the eventual victor in the "War of Currents", he was widely respected as one of the greatest electrical engineers who worked in America.[3] He pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. In the United States during this time, Tesla's fame rivaled that of any other inventor or scientist in history or popular culture.[4] Tesla demonstrated wireless energy transfer to power electronic devices in 1891,[5] and aspired to intercontinental wireless transmission of industrial power in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.
Tesla became reclusive towards the end of his life, living alone in a New York City hotel room and only appearing occasionally to make unusual statements to the press.[6][7] Because of his pronouncements and the nature of his work over the years Tesla gained a reputation in popular culture as the archetypal "mad scientist".[8][9] He died with little money to his name.[10]
Tesla's work fell into relative obscurity after his death but since the 1990s his reputation has experienced a popular culture comeback.[11] In 2005 he was listed amongst the top 100 nominees in the TV show "The Greatest American", an open access popularity poll conducted by AOL and The Discovery Channel.
The SI unit measuring magnetic field B (also referred to as the magnetic flux density and magnetic induction), the tesla, was named in his honor (at the CGPM, Paris, 1960).
Contents |
Early years[link]
Nikola Tesla was born to Serbian parents in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire near the town of Gospić, in the territory of modern-day Croatia. His baptismal certificate reports that he was born on 28 June (N.S. 10 July) 1856 to father Milutin Tesla, a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church.[12] His mother was Đuka Tesla, née Mandić, whose father was also a Serbian Orthodox priest.[13] She was talented in making home craft tools and memorized many Serbian epic poems, but never learned to read.[14] Tesla's biographer John O'Neill relates that "the Tesla and Mandić families originally came from the western part of Serbia near Montenegro."[15]
Nikola was the fourth of five children, having one older brother (Danilo, who was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five) and three sisters (Milka, Angelina and Marica).[16] His family moved to Gospić in 1862. Tesla attended school at Higher Real Gymnasium in Karlovac.[17] He finished a four-year term in the span of three years.[18]
Tesla went on to study electrical engineering at the Austrian Polytechnic in Graz (1875). While there, he studied the uses of alternating current. Some sources say he received Baccalaureate degrees from the university at Graz.[19][20][21] However, the university says that he did not receive a degree and did not continue beyond the first semester of his third year, during which he stopped attending lectures.[22][23][24][25] In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and broke all relations with his family. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River. He went to Marburg, (today's Maribor, in Slovenia), where he was first employed as an assistant engineer for a year. He suffered a nervous breakdown during this time. Tesla was later persuaded by his father to attend the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, which he attended for the summer term of 1880. Here, he was influenced by Ernst Mach. However, after his father died, he left the university, having completed only one term.[26]
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Nikola Tesla c. 1879 at age 23, and his passport from 1883
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Tesla engaged in reading many works, memorizing complete books, supposedly having a photographic memory.[27] Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration. During his early life, Tesla was stricken with illness time and time again. He suffered a peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by visions. Much of the time the visions were linked to a word or idea he might have come across, at other times they would provide the solution to a particular problem he had been encountering; just by hearing the name of an item, he would be able to envision it in realistic detail. Modern-day synesthetes report similar symptoms. Tesla would visualize an invention in his mind with extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage; a technique sometimes known as picture thinking. He typically did not make drawings by hand, instead just conceiving all ideas with his mind. Tesla also often had flashbacks to events that had happened previously in his life; these began during his childhood.[27]
In 1880, he moved to Budapest to work under Tivadar Puskás in a telegraph company,[28] the National Telephone Company. There, he met Nebojša Petrović, a young, Serbian inventor who lived in Austria. Although their encounter was brief, they did work on a project together using twin turbines to create continual power. On the opening of the telephone exchange in Budapest, 1881, Tesla became the chief electrician to the company, and was later engineer for the country's first telephone system. He also developed a device that, according to some, was a telephone repeater or amplifier, but according to others could have been the first loudspeaker.[29]
Working for Edison in France and the U.S[link]
In 1882 he moved to Paris, to work as an engineer for the Continental Edison Company, designing improvements to electric equipment brought overseas from Edison's ideas. According to Tesla's autobiography, in the same year he conceived of his induction motor and began developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields for which he received patents in 1888. The paternity of the invention remains controversial since a prototype induction motor was demonstrated in Europe in 1885 by Galileo Ferraris.[30][31][32][33] Ferraris published his findings in 1888.
On 6 June 1884, Tesla first arrived in the United States, in New York City[34] with little besides a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor, a former employer. In the letter of recommendation to Thomas Edison, it is claimed that Batchelor wrote, 'I know two great men and you are one of them; the other is this young man', but the exact contents of the letter is disputed in McNichol's book. Edison hired Tesla to work for his Edison Machine Works. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving some of the company's most difficult problems. Tesla was even offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison company's direct current generators.[35]
In 1885 Tesla claimed he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy. According to Tesla, Edison remarked "There's fifty thousand dollars in it for you - if you can do it".[36] This has been noted as an odd statement from an Edison whose company was stingy with pay and did not have that sort of cash on hand.[37] After months of work when Tesla finished the task and inquired about payment Edison claimed he was only joking replying, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor".[38][39] Edison offered a $10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary, but Tesla refused it and immediately resigned.[36]
Tesla, in need of work, eventually found himself digging ditches for a short period of time for the Edison company. He used this time to focus on his AC polyphase system.[40]
Middle years[link]
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In 1886, Tesla formed his own company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The initial financial investors disagreed with Tesla on his plan for an alternating current motor and eventually relieved him of his duties at the company. Tesla worked in New York as a laborer from 1886 to 1887 to feed himself and raise capital for his next project. In 1887, he constructed a brushless alternating current induction motor, which he demonstrated to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE) in 1888. In the same year, he developed the principles of his Tesla coil, and began working with George Westinghouse at Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs. Westinghouse listened to his ideas for polyphase systems which would allow transmission of alternating current electricity over long distances.
In April 1887, Tesla began investigating what would later be called X-rays using his own single terminal vacuum tubes (similar to his patent #514,170). This device differed from other early X-ray tubes in that it had no target electrode. The modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung (or braking radiation). It is now known that this device operated by emitting electrons from the single electrode through a combination of field electron emission and thermionic emission. Once liberated, electrons are strongly repelled by the high electric field near the electrode during negative voltage peaks from the oscillating HV output of the Tesla Coil, generating X rays as they collide with the glass envelope. He also used Geissler tubes. By 1892, Tesla became aware of the skin damage that Wilhelm Röntgen later identified as an effect of X rays.
In the early research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays. Tesla held that, with his circuits, the "instrument will [... enable one to] generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus".[56]
He also commented on the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices. Of his many notes in the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays, but the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly held that x-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasma. There are known examples of this and these plasma waves can occur in the situation of force-free magnetic fields.[57][58] His hypotheses and experiments were confirmed by others.[59]
Tesla continued research in the field. He performed several experiments prior to Roentgen's discovery (including photographing the bones of his hand; later, he sent these images to Roentgen) but did not make his findings widely known; much of his research was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895.
Tesla demonstrated wireless energy transmission as early as 1891. The Tesla effect is a term for an application of this type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter, not just the production of voltage across a conductor).[50][60]
American citizenship[link]
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Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat on 1898 U.S. Patent 613,809, named Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles
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On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Tesla established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory in New York in the same year. Later, Tesla established his Houston Street laboratory in New York at 46 E. Houston Street. He lit electric lamps wirelessly at both of the New York locations, providing evidence for the potential of wireless power transmission.[61]
Soon thereafter, in 1892,[62] Tesla was awakened from a dream in which his mother had died.[63] He returned to Europe for her funeral. After her death, Tesla fell ill. He spent two to three weeks recuperating in Gospić and the village of Tomingaj near Gračac, his mother's birthplace.
Some of Tesla's closest friends were artists. He befriended Century Magazine editor Robert Underwood Johnson, who adapted several Serbian poems of Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (which Tesla translated). Also during this time, Tesla was influenced by the Vedic philosophy (i.e., Hinduism) teachings of the Swami Vivekananda; so much so that, after his exposure to Hindu-Vedic thought, Tesla started using Sanskrit words to name some of his fundamental concepts regarding matter and energy.[64]
When Tesla was 36 years old, the first patents concerning the polyphase power system were granted. He continued research of the system and rotating magnetic field principles. Tesla served, from 1892 to 1894, as the vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE. From 1893 to 1895, he investigated high frequency alternating currents. He generated AC of one million volts using a conical Tesla coil and investigated the skin effect in conductors, designed tuned circuits, invented a machine for inducing sleep, invented a cordless gas discharge lamp, and transmitted electromagnetic energy without wires, building the first radio transmitter.[citation needed] In St. Louis, Missouri, Tesla made a demonstration related to radio communication in 1893.[citation needed] Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail its principles. Tesla's demonstrations were written about widely through various media outlets. Tesla also investigated harvesting energy that is present throughout space. He believed that it was merely a question of time when men would succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork of nature, stating: "Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point of the universe."[65]
At the 1893 World's Fair, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, an international exposition was held which, for the first time, devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a historic event as Tesla and George Westinghouse introduced visitors to AC power by using it to illuminate the Exposition. On display were fluorescent lamps developed by Westinghouse[66] and single node bulbs. An observer noted:
Within the room was suspended two hard-rubber plates covered with tin foil. These were about fifteen feet apart, and served as terminals of the wires leading from the transformers. When the current was turned on, the lamps or tubes, which had no wires connected to them, but lay on a table between the suspended plates, or which might be held in the hand in almost any part of the room, were made luminous. These were the same experiments and the same apparatus shown by Tesla in London about two years previous, "where they produced so much wonder and astonishment".[67]
Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field and induction motor by demonstrating how to make an egg made of copper stand on end in his demonstration of the device he constructed known as the "Egg of Columbus".
The Tesla generator was developed by Tesla in 1895, in conjunction with his developments concerning the liquefaction of air. Tesla knew from Lord Kelvin's discoveries that more heat is absorbed by liquefied air when it is re-gasified and used to drive something than is required by theory; in other words, that the liquefaction process is somewhat anomalous or 'over unity'.[68] Just before Tesla's completion of his work and the filing of a patent application, Tesla's laboratory burned down, destroying all his equipment, models and inventions. Immediately after the fire, Carl von Linde, in Germany, filed a patent application for the same process.[69]
A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity of the earth was proposed, in which transmission in various natural media with current that passes between the two points are used to power devices. In a practical wireless energy transmission system using this principle, a high-power ultraviolet beam might be used to form a vertical ionized channel in the air directly above the transmitter-receiver stations.[citation needed] The same concept is used in virtual lightning rods and the electrolaser electroshock weapon,[70] and has been proposed for disabling vehicles.
Also in the late 1880s, Tesla and Thomas Edison became adversaries in part because of Edison's promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the more efficient alternating current advocated by Tesla and Westinghouse. Until the development of the induction motor, AC's advantages for long distance high voltage transmission were counterbalanced by the inability to operate motors on AC.[citation needed] As a result of the "War of Currents", Edison and Westinghouse went nearly bankrupt, so in 1897, Tesla released Westinghouse from contract, providing Westinghouse a break from Tesla's patent royalties. Also in 1897, Tesla researched radiation, which led to setting up the basic formulation of cosmic rays.[71]
In 1897, at age 41, Tesla filed the first radio patent (U.S. Patent 645,576). A year later, he demonstrated a radio-controlled boat to the US military, believing that the military would want things such as radio-controlled torpedoes. Tesla claimed to have developed the "Art of Telautomatics", a form of robotics, as well as the technology of remote control.[72] In 1898, he demonstrated a radio-controlled boat to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden. Tesla called his boat a "teleautomaton".[73] In the same year, Tesla devised an "electric igniter" or spark plug for Internal combustion gasoline engines. He gained U.S. Patent 609,250, "Electrical Igniter for Gas Engines", on this mechanical ignition system. Tesla lived in the former Gerlach Hotel, renamed The Radio Wave building, at 49 W 27th St. (between Broadway and Sixth Avenue), Lower Manhattan, before the end of the century where he conducted the radio wave experiments. A commemorative plaque was placed on the building in 1977 to honor his work. Remote radio control remained a novelty until World War I and afterward, when a number of countries used it in military programs.
Colorado Springs[link]
See also: Magnifying transmitter
In 1899, Tesla decided to move and began research in Colorado Springs, Colorado in a lab located near Foote Ave. and Kiowa St.,[74] where he would have room for his high-voltage, high-frequency experiments. Upon his arrival he told reporters that he was conducting wireless telegraphy experiments transmitting signals from Pikes Peak to Paris. Tesla's diary contains explanations of his experiments concerning the ionosphere and the ground's telluric currents via transverse waves and longitudinal waves.[75] At his lab, Tesla proved that the earth was a conductor, and he produced artificial lightning (with discharges consisting of millions of volts, and up to 135 feet long).[76] Tesla also investigated atmospheric electricity, observing lightning signals via his receivers. Reproductions of Tesla's receivers and coherer circuits show an unpredicted level of complexity (e.g., distributed high-Q helical resonators, radio frequency feedback, crude heterodyne effects, and regeneration techniques).[77] Tesla stated that he observed stationary waves during this time.[78]
Tesla researched ways to transmit power and energy wirelessly over long distances (via transverse waves, to a lesser extent, and, more readily, longitudinal waves). He transmitted extremely low frequencies through the ground as well as between the Earth's surface and the Kennelly–Heaviside layer. He received patents on wireless transceivers that developed standing waves by this method. In his experiments, he made mathematical calculations and computations based on his experiments and discovered that the resonant frequency of the Earth was approximately 8 hertz (Hz). In the 1950s, researchers confirmed that the resonant frequency of the Earth's ionospheric cavity was in this range (later named the Schumann resonance).
In Colorado Springs Tesla carried out various long distance wireless transmission-reception experiments. Tesla effect is the application of a type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter; not just the production of voltage across a conductor). Through longitudinal waves,[citation needed] Tesla transferred energy to receiving devices. He sent electrostatic forces through natural media across a conductor situated in the changing magnetic flux and transferred electrical energy to a wireless receiver.
In the Colorado Springs lab, Tesla observed unusual signals that he later thought may have been evidence of extraterrestrial radio wave communications coming from Venus or Mars.[79] He noticed repetitive signals from his receiver which were substantially different from the signals he had noted from storms and earth noise. Specifically, he later recalled that the signals appeared in groups of one, two, three, and four clicks together. Tesla had mentioned that he thought his inventions could be used to talk with other planets. There have even been claims that he invented a "Teslascope" for just such a purpose. It is debatable what type of signals Tesla received or whether he picked up anything at all. Research has suggested that Tesla may have had a misunderstanding of the new technology he was working with,[80] or that the signals Tesla observed may have been non-terrestrial natural radio source such as the Jovian plasma torus signals.[81]
Tesla left Colorado Springs on 7 January 1900. The lab was torn down ca. 1905 and its contents sold to pay debts. The Colorado experiments prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island.
Wardenclyffe years[link]
In 1900, with US$150,000 (51% from J. Pierpont Morgan), Tesla began planning the Wardenclyffe Tower facility. In June 1902, Tesla's lab operations were moved to Wardenclyffe from Houston Street. The tower was dismantled for scrap during World War I.[82]
On his 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 hp (150 kW) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910–1911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100–5000 hp.
Nobel prize and Tesla[link]
Since the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Guglielmo Marconi for radio in 1909, Thomas Edison and Tesla were mentioned in a press dispatch as potential laureates to share the Nobel Prize of 1915, leading to one of several Nobel Prize controversies. Some sources have claimed that because of their animosity toward each other neither was given the award, despite their scientific contributions; that each sought to minimize the other's achievements and right to win the award; that both refused ever to accept the award if the other received it first; and that both rejected any possibility of sharing it.[14][83]
In the years after these rumors, neither Tesla nor Edison won the Prize (although Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915, and Tesla did receive one bid out of 38 in 1937).[84] Earlier, Tesla alone was rumored to have been nominated for the Nobel Prize of 1912. The rumored nomination was primarily for his experiments with tuned circuits using high-voltage high-frequency resonant transformers.
Later years[link]
In 1915, Tesla filed a lawsuit against Marconi attempting, unsuccessfully, to obtain a court injunction against Marconi's claims. After Wardenclyffe, Tesla built the Telefunken Wireless Station in Sayville, Long Island. Some of what he wanted to achieve at Wardenclyffe was accomplished with the Telefunken Wireless. In 1917, the facility was seized and torn down by the Marines, because it was suspected that it could be used by German spies.
Before World War I (1914-1918), Tesla looked overseas for investors to fund his research. When the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries. After the war ended, Tesla made predictions regarding the relevant issues of the post-World War I environment, in a printed article (20 December 1914). Tesla believed that the League of Nations was not a remedy for the times and issues. Tesla started to exhibit pronounced symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the years following. He became obsessed with the number three; he often felt compelled to walk around a block three times before entering a building, demanded a stack of three folded cloth napkins beside his plate at every meal, etc. The nature of OCD was little understood at the time and no treatments were available, so his symptoms were considered by some to be evidence of partial insanity, and this undoubtedly hurt what was left of his reputation.
At this time, he was staying at The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, renting in an arrangement for deferred payments. Eventually, the Wardenclyffe deed was turned over to George Boldt, proprietor of the Waldorf-Astoria, to pay a US$20,000 debt. In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished by Boldt to make the land a more viable real estate asset, Tesla received AIEE's highest honor, the Edison Medal.
Tesla, in August 1917, first established principles regarding frequency and power level for the first primitive radar units.[85]
In 1934, Émile Girardeau, working with the first French radar systems, stated he was building them "according to the principles stated by Tesla". By the 1920s, Tesla was reportedly negotiating with the United Kingdom government about a ray system.[citation needed] Tesla had also stated that efforts had been made to steal the so called "death ray".[citation needed] It is suggested that the removal of the Chamberlain government ended negotiations.[citation needed]
On Tesla's 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine put him on its cover. The cover caption noted his contribution to electrical power generation. Tesla received his last patent in 1928 for an apparatus for aerial transportation which was the first instance of VTOL aircraft. By the end of 1931, Tesla released "On Future Motive Power" which covered an ocean thermal energy conversion system. In 1934, Tesla wrote to consul Janković of his homeland. The letter contained a message of gratitude to Mihajlo Pupin who had initiated a donation scheme by which American companies could support Tesla. Tesla refused the assistance, choosing instead to live on a modest pension received from Yugoslavia, and to continue his research.
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Tesla's famous telegram exchange with Vladko Maček is preserved in the Technical Museum in Zagreb, Croatia
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In 1936, replying to a birthday telegram from Vladko Maček, Tesla said he was "equally proud" of his "Serbian origin and Croatian homeland",[86] a phrase often paraphrased in conciliatory context at modern-day joint Croatian-Serbian Tesla celebrations.[87] In addition, in the same telegram, Tesla wrote "Long live all Yugoslavs."[citation needed] When others tried to co-opt him into ethnic and other conflicts in Yugoslavia, Tesla once replied: "If your hate could be turned into electricity, it would light up the whole world."[86]
Field theories[link]
When he was 81, Tesla stated he had completed a "dynamic theory of gravity".[88] He stated that it was "worked out in all details" and that he hoped to soon give it to the world.[89] The theory was never published.
The bulk of the theory was developed between 1892 and 1894, during the period that he was conducting experiments with high frequency and high potential electromagnetism and patenting devices for their use. Reminiscent of Mach's principle, Tesla stated in 1925 that:
There is no thing endowed with life—from man, who is enslaving the elements, to the nimblest creature—in all this world that does not sway in its turn. Whenever action is born from force, though it be infinitesimal, the cosmic balance is upset and the universal motion results.
Tesla was critical of Einstein's relativity work, calling it:
...[a] magnificent mathematical garb which fascinates, dazzles and makes people blind to the underlying errors. The theory is like a beggar clothed in purple whom ignorant people take for a king ... its exponents are brilliant men but they are metaphysicists rather than scientists ...[90]
Tesla also argued:
I hold that space cannot be curved, for the simple reason that it can have no properties. It might as well be said that God has properties. He has not, but only attributes and these are of our own making. Of properties we can only speak when dealing with matter filling the space. To say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved is equivalent to stating that something can act upon nothing. I, for one, refuse to subscribe to such a view.[91]
Tesla also believed that much of Albert Einstein's relativity theory had already been proposed by Ruđer Bošković, stating in an unpublished interview:
...the relativity theory, by the way, is much older than its present proponents. It was advanced over 200 years ago by my illustrious countryman Ruđer Bošković, the great philosopher, who, notwithstanding other and multifold obligations, wrote a thousand volumes of excellent literature on a vast variety of subjects. Bošković dealt with relativity, including the so-called time-space continuum ...'.[92]
Directed-energy weapon[link]
Later in life, Tesla made remarkable claims concerning a "teleforce" weapon.[93] The press called it a "peace ray" or death ray.[94][95] In total, the components and methods included:[96][97][dubious – discuss]
- An apparatus for producing manifestations of energy in free air instead of in a high vacuum as in the past. This, according to Tesla in 1934, was accomplished.
- A mechanism for generating tremendous electrical force. This, according to Tesla, was also accomplished.
- A means of intensifying and amplifying the force developed by the second mechanism.
- A new method for producing a tremendous electrical repelling force. This would be the projector, or gun, of the invention.
Tesla worked on plans for a directed-energy weapon from the early 1900s until his death.[dubious – discuss] In 1937, Tesla wrote a treatise entitled "The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", which concerned charged particle beams.[98][dubious – discuss] Tesla published the document in an attempt to expound on the technical description of a "superweapon that would put an end to all war." This treatise describing the particle beam is currently in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade. It describes an open-ended vacuum tube with a gas jet seal that allows particles to exit, a method of charging particles to millions of volts, and a method of creating and directing nondispersive particle streams (through electrostatic repulsion).[98][dubious – discuss]
His records indicate that the device is based on a narrow stream of atomic clusters of liquid mercury or tungsten accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer). Tesla gives the following description concerning the particle gun's operation:
[The nozzle would] send concentrated beams of particles through the free air, of such tremendous energy that they will bring down a fleet of 10,000 enemy airplanes at a distance of 200 miles from a defending nation's border and will cause armies to drop dead in their tracks.[99]
Tesla described the weapon as being able to be used against ground based infantry or for antiaircraft purposes.[100] Tesla tried to interest the US War Department in the device.[101] He also offered this invention to European countries.[102] None of the governments purchased a contract to build the device. He was unable to act on his plans.[103]
Theoretical inventions[link]
Another of Tesla's theorized inventions is commonly referred to as Tesla's Flying Machine, which appears to resemble an ion-propelled aircraft.[104] Tesla claimed that one of his life goals was to create a flying machine that would run without the use of an airplane engine, wings, ailerons, propellers, or an onboard fuel source. Initially, Tesla pondered about the idea of a flying craft that would fly using an electric motor powered by grounded base stations. As time progressed, Tesla suggested that perhaps such an aircraft could be run entirely electro-mechanically. The theorized appearance would typically take the form of a cigar or saucer.[105]
Personal life[link]
Possessing an eidetic memory, Nikola Tesla was a polyglot, and along with his native tongue he also spoke Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.[106]
During his second year of study at Graumltz, Tesla developed a passion for (and became very proficient at) billiards, chess and card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.[107][108] Tesla by nature required little sleep, claiming to never sleep more than two hours.[109] On one occasion at his laboratory Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.[110]
Tesla may have suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder, and had many unusual quirks and phobias. He did things in threes, and was adamant about staying in a hotel room with a number divisible by three. Tesla was physically revolted by jewelry, notably pearl earrings.[111] He was fastidious about cleanliness and hygiene, and was by all accounts mysophobic.
Tesla was obsessed with pigeons, ordering special seeds for the pigeons he fed in Central Park and even bringing injured ones into his hotel room to nurse them back to health. Tesla was an animal-lover, often reflecting contentedly about a childhood cat, "The Magnificent Mačak." Tesla never married. He was celibate and claimed that his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.[27] Nonetheless there have been numerous accounts of women vying for Tesla's affection, even some madly in love with him. Tesla, though polite, behaved rather ambivalently to these women in the romantic sense.
Tesla was prone to alienating himself and was generally soft-spoken. However, when he did engage in a social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of him. Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force." His loyal secretary, Dorothy Skerrit, wrote: "his genial smile and nobility of bearing always denoted the gentlemanly characteristics that were so ingrained in his soul." Tesla's friend Hawthorne wrote that "seldom did one meet a scientist or engineer who was also a poet, a philosopher, an appreciator of fine music, a linguist, and a connoisseur of food and drink."
Nevertheless, Tesla could be harsh at times; he openly expressed his disgust for overweight people, once firing a secretary because of her weight.[112] He was quick to criticize others' clothing as well, on several occasions directing a subordinate to go home and change her dress.[27]
Tesla was widely known for his great showmanship, presenting his innovations and demonstrations to the public as an artform, almost like a magician. This seems to conflict with his observed reclusiveness; Tesla was a complicated figure. He refused to hold conventions without his Tesla coil blasting electricity throughout the room, despite the audience often being terrified, though he assured them everything was perfectly safe.
In middle age, Tesla became close friends with Mark Twain. They spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.
Tesla remained bitter in the aftermath of his dispute with Edison. The day after Edison died the New York Times contained extensive coverage of Edison's life, with the only negative opinion coming from Tesla, who was quoted as saying:
He had no hobby, cared for no sort of amusement of any kind and lived in utter disregard of the most elementary rules of hygiene ... His method was inefficient in the extreme, for an immense ground had to be covered to get anything at all unless blind chance intervened and, at first, I was almost a sorry witness of his doings, knowing that just a little theory and calculation would have saved him 90 percent of the labor. But he had a veritable contempt for book learning and mathematical knowledge, trusting himself entirely to his inventor's instinct and practical American sense.[113]
Shortly before he died, Edison said that his biggest mistake had been in trying to develop direct current, rather than the superior alternating current system that Tesla had put within his grasp.[114]
Tesla was good friends with Robert Underwood Johnson. He had amicable relations with Francis Marion Crawford, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey. He ripped up a Westinghouse contract that would have made him the world's first billionaire, in part because of the implications it would have on his future vision of free power, and in part because it would run Westinghouse out of business, and Tesla had no desire to deal with the creditors.[citation needed]
Tesla lived the last ten years of his life in a two-room suite on the 33rd floor of the Hotel New Yorker, room 3327. There, near the end of his life, Tesla showed signs of encroaching senility, claiming to be visited by a specific white pigeon daily. Several biographers note that Tesla viewed the death of the pigeon as a "final blow" to himself and his work.
Tesla believed that war could not be avoided until the cause for its recurrence was removed, but was opposed to wars in general. However, Tesla came to find exceptions in which he thought certain situations and wars were justifiable.[115] Tesla sought to reduce distance, such as in communication for better understanding, transportation, and transmission of energy, as a means to ensure friendly international relations.[116]
Tesla was a life-long bachelor. Like many of his era, he became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics. His opinions stemmed from a belief that humans already interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature", rather than conceptions of a "master race" or inherent superiority of one person over another. His advocacy of it was however to push it further. In a 1937 interview, he stated:
... man's new sense of pity began to interfere with the ruthless workings of nature. The only method compatible with our notions of civilization and the race is to prevent the breeding of the unfit by sterilization and the deliberate guidance of the mating instinct .... The trend of opinion among eugenists is that we must make marriage more difficult. Certainly no one who is not a desirable parent should be permitted to produce progeny. A century from now it will no more occur to a normal person to mate with a person eugenically unfit than to marry a habitual criminal.[117]
In 1926, Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality, indicated that humanity's future would be run by "Queen Bees". He believed that women would become the dominant sex in the future.[118]
In his later years Tesla became a vegetarian. In an article for Century Illustrated Magazine he wrote: "It is certainly preferable to raise vegetables, and I think, therefore, that vegetarianism is a commendable departure from the established barbarous habit." Tesla argued that it is wrong to eat uneconomic meat when large numbers of people are starving; he also believed that plant food was "superior to [meat] in regard to both mechanical and mental performance". He also argued that animal slaughter was "wanton and cruel".[119]
In his final years he suffered from extreme sensitivity to light, sound and other influences.[120]
Death[link]
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Tesla died on 7 January 1943 at age 86 from heart thrombus, alone in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel.[121] A few days after Tesla's death, the information center of the Yugoslav royal government-in-exile released a statement giving a short review of Tesla's achievements and the schedule for his memorial service and funeral. The speech, written by Louis Adamic, was read in a live broadcast on Radio New York by the mayor of New York City, Fiorello La Guardia, on 10 January 1943. The remains of Nikola Tesla were taken to Campbell cemetery. The protocol anticipated the funeral service would be conducted on 12 January in the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in Manhattan.[122] Bishop William T. Manning delivered the introductory and the last prayer in English. The funeral service was conducted in the name of the Serbian Orthodox Church by priest Dusan Sukletovic, the superior of the Church of St. Sava of the New York parish. The bereaved family members present at the funeral were Sava Kosanovic and Nikola Trbojevic. A state funeral was attended by 2000 people. Tesla's casket was draped with U. S. and Yugoslav flags. The pallbearers were Nobel prize winners. Telegrams of condolence were received from many notables including the First Lady of the United States, Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt and Vice-President Henry A. Wallace. Tesla's body was cremated and his ashes taken to Belgrade, Serbia, then-Yugoslavia in 1957. The urn containing his ashes was placed in the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade. Despite having sold his AC electricity patents, Tesla died with significant debts. Later that year the US Supreme Court upheld Tesla's patent number 645576 in a ruling that served as the basis for patented radio technology in the United States.[123]
File:Teslabust adjusted.jpg
Bust of Tesla by Ivan Meštrović, 1952, in Zagreb, Croatia
Soon after his death Tesla's safe was opened by his nephew Sava Kosanović. Shortly thereafter Tesla's papers and other property were impounded by the United States' Alien Property Custodian office in Tesla's compound at the Manhattan Warehouse, even though he was a naturalized citizen.
Dr. John G. Trump was the main government official who went over Tesla's secret papers after his death in 1943. At the time, Trump was a well-known electrical engineer serving as a technical aide to the National Defense Research Committee of the Office of Scientific Research & Development, Technical Aids, Div. 14, NTRC (predecessor agency to the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence). Trump was also a professor at M.I.T., and had his feelings hurt by Tesla's 1938 review and critique of M.I.T.'s huge Van de Graaff generator with its two thirty-foot towers and two 15-foot-diameter (4.6 m) balls, mounted on railroad tracks—which Tesla showed could be out-performed in both voltage and current by one of his tiny coils about two feet tall.[124][dubious – discuss] Trump was asked to participate in the examination of Tesla's papers at the Manhattan Warehouse & Storage Co. Trump reported afterwards that no examination had been made of the vast amount of Tesla's property that had been in the basement of the New Yorker Hotel ten years prior to Tesla's death, or of any of his papers, except those in his immediate possession at the time of his death. Trump concluded in his report that there was nothing that would constitute a hazard in unfriendly hands.
After the FBI was contacted by the War Department, his papers were declared to be top secret. The personal effects were sequestered on the advice of presidential advisers; J. Edgar Hoover declared the case most secret, because of the nature of Tesla's inventions and patents.[125] One document stated that "[he] is reported to have some 80 trunks in different places containing transcripts and plans having to do with his experiments [...]". Altogether, in Tesla's effects, there were the contents of his safe, two truckloads of papers and apparatuses from his hotel, another 75 packing crates and trunks in a storage facility, and another 80 large storage trunks in another storage facility. The Navy and several "federal officials" spent two days microfilming some of the material at the Office of Alien Properties storage facility in 1943, and that was it, until Oct., 1945.[126]
Tesla's family and the Yugoslav embassy struggled with the American authorities to gain these items after his death because of the potential significance of some of his research. Eventually Mr. Kosanović won possession of the materials, which are now housed in the Nikola Tesla Museum.[127]
Literary works[link]
Apart from doing pure work on inventing things, Tesla also wrote a number of books and articles for magazines and journals.[128] Among his books are My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla and The Tesla Papers.
A number of Tesla's writings are freely available on the web,[129][130][131] including the article The Problem of Increasing Human Energy which he wrote for The Century Magazine,[132][133] and the article Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency published in his book Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla.[134][135]
Legacy and honors[link]
See also: Nikola Tesla in popular culture
- The tesla (symbol T) – compound derived SI unit of magnetic flux density.[136]
- Tesla – a crater on the far side of the moon of 26 kilometers in diameter at −2,0° width, −132.0° height.[137]
- 2244 Tesla – a minor planet.[137]
- TPP Nikola Tesla – the largest power plant in Serbia.
- The rock band Tesla takes its name from Nikola Tesla.[138]
- An electric car company, Tesla Motors, named their company in tribute to Tesla.[139]
- The Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport is named in his honor.[140]
- Google honoured Tesla on his birthday on 10 July 2009 by displaying a doodle in the Google search home page, that showed the G as a tesla coil.[141][142]
- The Czechoslovakian electro-technical company Tesla
- Tesla Motors, a manufacturer of electric cars based in Palo Alto, California, is named for him.
- The street sign “Nikola Tesla Corner” at the corner of the 40th Street and 6th Avenue in Manhattan
- The United States Postal Service honored Tesla with a commemorative stamp in 1983.
- Tesla was inducted into the Inventor’s Hall of Fame in 1975.
- The Nikola Tesla Award[143]
Monuments[link]
The Nikola Tesla Memorial Centre located in his birthplace of Smiljan near the town of Gospić in Croatia opened in 2006 features a statue of Tesla designed by sculptor Mile Blažević.[144][145] On 7 July 2006 on the corner of Masarykova and Preradovićeva streets in the Lower Town area in Zagreb the monument to Tesla was unveiled. This monument was designed by Ivan Meštrović in 1952 and was transferred from the Zagreb-based Ruđer Bošković Institute where it had spent previous decades.
A monument to Tesla was established at Niagara Falls, New York. This monument, sculpted by Frano Kršinić and portraying Tesla reading a set of notes, was presented to the United States by Yugoslavia in 1976 and is an identical copy of the monument standing in front of the University of Belgrade Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Another monument to Tesla, featuring him standing on a portion of an alternator, was established at Queen Victoria Park in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The monument was officially unveiled on 9 July 2006 on the 150th anniversary of Tesla's birth. The monument was sponsored by St. George Serbian Church, Niagara Falls, and designed by Les Drysdale of Hamilton, Ontario. Drysdale's design was the winning design from an international competition.
In 1994, acting on the advice of the President's Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, a formal nomination process was initiated by the Tesla Wardenclyffe Project seeking placement of the Wardenclyffe laboratory-office building and the Tesla tower foundation on both the New York State and National Registers of Historic Places. This would result in the creation of a monument to Tesla out of the Wardenclyffe site itself.[146]
Portrayals in popular culture[link]
Main article: Nikola Tesla in popular culture
Nikola Tesla has appeared in popular culture as a character in books, films, radio, TV, music, live theatre, comics and video games. The lack of recognition received by Tesla during his own lifetime has made him a tragic and inspirational character well suited to dramatic fiction. The impact of the technologies invented by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.
See also[link]
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Electrical pioneer Tesla honoured". BBC News. 10 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5167054.stm. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla". In 1894, Tesla erects his first small radio station in his laboratory and begins his experiments in radio technology.. MIT. http://www.mit.edu/~most/ser/Tesla1/etradict2.htm.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla – electrical engineer and inventor". Serbian Unity Congress. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080219051318/http://www.serbianunity.net/people/tesla/index.html. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
- ^ Valone, Thomas (2002). Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy. Adventures Unlimited Press. p. 102. ISBN 1-931882-04-5. http://books.google.com/?id=ZNqo1zaZRTYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Harnessing+the+Wheelwork+of+Nature:+Tesla%27s+Science+of+Energy#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ "Tesla- Master of Lightning". Such a device[Tesla coil] first appeared in Tesla's US patent No. 454,622 (1891), for use in new, more efficient lighting systems. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ins/lab_tescoil.html.
- ^ Donald Clarke, Mark Dartford, The New illustrated science and invention encyclopedia: how it works: Volume 24, 1994, page 3332
- ^ Emily J. McMurray, Jane Kelly Kosek, Roger M. Valade, Notable Twentieth-century Scientists: S-Z, Gale Research, 1995, page 2000
- ^ A. Bowdoin Van Riper, A. Van, A Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors in American Film and TV since 1930, page 130
- ^ Tyler Hamilton, Mad Like Tesla: Underdog Inventors and Their Relentless Pursuit of Clean Energy, page 14
- ^ Michaels, Daniel (14 January 2010). "Long-Dead Inventor Nikola Tesla Is Electrifying Hip Techies". Decades after he died penniless, Nikola Tesla is elbowing aside his old adversary Thomas Edison in the pantheon of geek gods. (Wall Street Journal). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704362004575000841720318942.html.
- ^ Front Cover A. Bowdoin Van Riper, A. Van, A Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors in American Film and TV Since 1930, page 150
- ^ "Tesla, Nikola". Encyclopædia Britannica. neuronet.pitt.edu. http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/bio.htm. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 10
- ^ a b Seifer 2001, p. 7
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 12
- ^ Cheney, Uth & Glenn 1999, p. 3
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 32
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 33
- ^ Wysock, W.C.; J.F. Corum, J.M. Hardesty and K.L. Corum (22 October 2001). "Who Was The Real Dr. Nikola Tesla? (A Look At His Professional Credentials)" (PDF). Antenna Measurement Techniques Association, posterpape. http://www.teresonic.com/pdf/Who%20was%20the%20real%20Tesla.pdf.
- ^ "The Book of New York: Forty Years' Recollections of the American Metropolis" says he matriculated 4 degrees (physics, mathematics, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering)
- ^ Lossing, Benson John (1906). Harper's Encyclopædia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1906. 8. University of Michigan Library. p. 52. http://books.google.com/?id=0nwiAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Harper%27s+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+United+States+History+from+458+A.D.+to+1906#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ Nikola Tesla: the European Years, D. Mrkich
- ^ Wohinz, Josef W. (16 May 2006). "Nikola Tesla und Graz" (in German). Technischen Universität Graz. http://www.presse.tugraz.at//pressemitteilungen/2006/16.05.2006_graz.htm. Retrieved 29 January 2006.
- ^ Wohinz, Josef W. (Ed,) (2006). Nikola Tesla und die Technik in Graz. Graz, Austria: Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz. pp. 16. ISBN 3-902465-39-5.
- ^ Kulishich, Kosta (27 August 1931). "Tesla Nearly Missed His Career as Inventor: College Roommate Tells". Newark News. . Cited in Seifer, Marc, The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla, 1996
- ^ Seifer 2001, p. 18
- ^ a b c d Cheney 2001, p. 33
- ^ Wilson, James Grant; John Fiske (1901). Appleton's cyclopædia of American biography. p. 261. http://books.google.com/?id=f6oLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA261&dq=Appleton%27s+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography+tesla#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ Klein, Maury (26 May 2009). The Power Makers: Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modern America. Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 1-59691-677-X. http://books.google.com/books?id=w0o5Ld53wAEC&lpg=PT180&dq=Did%20Tesla%20really%20invent%20the%20loudspeaker%3F&pg=PT180#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica, "Galileo Ferraris"". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204963/Galileo-Ferraris.
- ^ "Galileo Ferraris". http://profiles.incredible-people.com/galileo-ferraris/.
- ^ Neidhöfer, Gerhard. "Early Three-Phase Power Winner in the development of polyphase ac". http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pes/public/2007/sep/peshistory.html.
- ^ Pansini, Anthony, J (1989). Basic of Electric Motors. Pennwell Publishing Company. p. 45. ISBN 0-13-060070-9. http://books.google.it/books?id=CxQdC6xPFSwC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=GALILEO+FERRARIS+AC+MOTOR+INVENTION&source=web&ots=jjeS-hcv2T&sig=cYbNfNNeVwvMIhR-JCP8uReedRU&hl=it&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ^ "Coming to America". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_america.html. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ Carey, Charles W. (1989). American inventors, entrepreneurs & business visionaries. Infobase Publishing. p. 337. ISBN 0-8160-4559-3. http://books.google.com/?id=XKiGgl36bkgC. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
- ^ a b Cheney 2001, pp. 54–57
- ^ Jonnes 2004, p. 110
- ^ Pickover, Clifford A. (1999). Strange brains and genius: the secret lives of eccentric scientists and madmen. Harper Perennial. p. 14. ISBN 0-688-16894-9. http://books.google.com/?id=P0CSxB2aHMcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Strange+Brains+and+Genius:+The+Secret+Lives+of+Eccentric+Scientists+and+Madmen#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 64
- ^ Tesla 2000, p. 17
- ^ a b c Houston, E. J. (1889). A dictionary of electrical words, terms and phrases. New York: W.J. Johnston. Page 956.
- ^ Routledge, R., & Pepper, J. H. (1876). Discoveries and inventions of the nineteenth century. London: G. Routledge and sons. Page 545.
- ^ Archie Frederick Collins, Wireless Telegraphy: Its History, Theory and Practice. McGraw publishing company, 1905. Page 131
- ^ Tesla, Nikola, "A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers". American Institute of Electrical Engineers, May 1888.
- ^ Robert Routledge, Discoveries and Inventions of the Nineteenth Century. G. Routledge and Sons, 1903. Page 542.
- ^ "Tesla's invention of the electronic AND gate". 21st Century Books, Breckenridge, Colorado. (ed., this pertains to electronic logic gates in general; U.S. Patent 723,188 and U.S. Patent 725,605)
- ^ Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "The IEEE standard dictionary of electrical and electronics terms". 6th ed. New York, N.Y., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, c1997. IEEE Std 100-1996. ISBN 1-55937-833-6 [ed. Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions; Jane Radatz, (chair)]
- ^ Dugan, William James, "Hand-book of electro-therapeutics". F.A.Davis Company, 1910. Page 123. "[...] speak of "Tesla currents" when we really mean the high frequency currents."
- ^ Snow, William Benham, "Currents of high potential of high and other frequencies". Scientific authors' publishing Co., 1918. Page 121.
- ^ a b Norrie, H. S., "Induction Coils: How to make, use, and repair them".Norman H. Schneider, 1907, New York. 4th edition.
- ^ Electrical experimenter, January 1919. Page 615
- ^ The Electrical engineer. (1884). London: Biggs & Co. Page 19
- ^ Bengt Anders Benson, Perseption apparatus for the Blind, U.S. Patent 3,250,023
- ^ Houston, E. J. (1889). A dictionary of electrical words, terms and phrases. New York: W.J. Johnston. Page 801.
- ^ Houston, E. J. (1889). A dictionary of electrical words, terms and phrases. New York: W.J. Johnston. Page 878.
- ^ N. Tesla, HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS FOR ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES. Proceedings of the American Electro-Therapeutic Association, American Electro-Therapeutic Association. Page 25.
- ^ Griffiths, David J. Introduction to Electrodynamics, ISBN 0-13-805326-X and Jackson, John D. Classical Electrodynamics, ISBN 0-471-30932-X.
- ^ Anonymous (1899). Transactions of the American Electro-therapeutic Association. p. 16. http://books.google.com/?id=bUo7vYNkbKQC. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ^ Shrady, George Frederick; Stedman, Thomas Lathrop (1897). Medical record. p. 287. http://books.google.com/?id=Jx4CAAAAYAAJ&vq=tesla. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ^ Cheney 2001, p. 174
- ^ Krumme, Katherine (2000) (pdf). Mark Twain and Nikola Tesla: Thunder and Lightning. University of California, Berkeley. http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/dept/Courses/E-24/E-24Projects/Krumme1.pdf.
- ^ Tesla Memorial Centre. "Biography". http://www.mcnikolatesla.hr/english.html. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ Seifer 2001, p. 94
- ^ "THE INFLUENCE OF VEDIC PHILOSOPHY ON NIKOLA TESLA'S UNDERSTANDING OF FREE ENERGY". http://arizonaenergy.org/CommunityEnergy/INFLUENCE%20OF%20VEDIC%20ON%20TESLA%27S%20UNDERSTANDING%20OF%20FREE%20ENERGY.htm. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
- ^ Tesla, Nikola (1892). Experiments with alternate currents of high potential and high frequency. p. 58. http://books.google.com/books?id=kNhCQPbYIsgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ http://onpoint.wbur.org/2010/01/27/nikola-tesla-and-innovation-today (approximately 19:00)
- ^ Barrett, John Patrick (1894). Electricity at the Columbian Exposition; Including an Account of the Exhibits in the Electricity Building, the Power Plant in Machinery Hall. pp. 268–269. http://books.google.com/?id=CLtIAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ Nikola Tesla, Startling Prediction of the World's Greatest Living Scientist (Article, the North American, 18 May 1902).
- ^ Pages 284–285, William R. Lyne, Pentagon Aliens, 1993.
- ^ A Survey of Laser Lightning Rod Techniques. Barnes, Arnold A., Jr.; Berthel, Robert O.
- ^ Waser, André, "Nikola Tesla's Radiations and the Cosmic Rays".
- ^ Tesla, Nikola, "My Inventions", Electrical Experimenter magazine, Feb, June, and Oct, 1919. ISBN (also "The Strange Life of Nikola Tesla" at rastko.org)
- ^ Jonnes 2004, p. 355
- ^ According to the Tesla memorial marker in Memorial park on Pikes Peak Ave.
- ^ Tesla, Nikola, "The True Wireless". Electrical Experimenter, May 1919. (also at pbs.org)
- ^ Gillispie, Charles Coulston, "Dictionary of Scientific Biography"; Tesla, Nikola. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. ISBN
- ^ Corum, K. L., J. F. Corum, and A. H. Aidinejad, "Atmospheric Fields, Tesla's Receivers and Regenerative Detectors". 1994.
- ^ Corum, K. L., J. F. Corum, "Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations, and Stationary Waves". 1994.
- ^ Tesla, Nikola, "Talking with Planets". Collier's Weekly, 19 February 1901. (EarlyRadioHistory.us)
- ^ Spencer, John (1991). The UFO Encyclopedia. New York: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-76887-5.
- ^ Corum, Kenneth L.; James F. Corum (1996). Nikola Tesla and the electrical signals of planetary origin. p. 14. OCLC 68193760.
- ^ Broad, William J.. "A Battle to Preserve a Visionary's Bold Failure". http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/science/05tesla.html?hp. "He eventually sold Wardenclyffe to satisfy $20,000 (today about $400,000) in bills at the Waldorf"
- ^ Research, Health (1996-09). Nikola Tesla Research. p. 9. ISBN 0-7873-0404-2. http://books.google.com/?id=N0gD7HxMfsUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ Seifer 2001, pp. 378–380
- ^ Page, R.M., "The Early History of RADAR", Proceedings of the IRE, Volume 50, Number 5, May 1962, (special 50th Anniversary Issue).
- ^ a b "Kako je Hrvatska naglo ‘otkrila’ velikog izumitelja iz Smiljana [How Croatia suddenly 'discovered' a great inventor from Smiljan]" (in Croatian). 2011-02-19. http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Spektar/tabid/94/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/129763/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ "150. obljetnica rođenja Nikole Tesle [150th anniversary of the birth of Nikola Tesla]" (in Croatian). HINA. Office of the President of Croatia. 2006-07-10. http://www.predsjednik.hr/Default.aspx?art=12900&sec=810. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla". FamousScientists.org. http://www.famousscientists.org/nikola-tesla. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ Prepared Statement by Nikola Tesla downloadable from www.tesla.hu
- ^ New York Times, 11 July 1935, p 23, c.8
- ^ New York Herald Tribune, 11 September 1932
- ^ 1936 unpublished interview, quoted in Anderson, L, ed. Nikola Tesla: Lecture Before the New York Academy of Sciences. 6 April 1897 : The Streams of Lenard and Roentgen and Novel Apparatus for Their Production, reconstructed 1994
- ^ "Tesla's Ray". Time. 23 July 1934.
- ^ "Tesla, at 78, Bares New 'Death-Beam'". New York Times. 11 July 1934. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0817FD3E5B107A93C3A8178CD85F408385F9.
- ^ "Tesla Invents Peace Ray". New York Sun. 10 July 1934.
- ^ "Death-Ray Machine Described". New York Sun. 11 July 1934.
- ^ "A Machine to End War". Feb. 1935.
- ^ a b Seifer 2001, p. 454
- ^ "Beam to Kill Army at 200 Miles, Tesla's Claim on 78th Birthday". New York Times. 11 July 1934.
- ^ "'Death Ray' for Planes". New York Times. 22 September 1940.
- ^ "Aerial Defense 'Death-Beam' Offered to U.S. By Tesla" 12 July 1940
- ^ O'Neill, John J.. "Tesla Tries To Prevent World War II (unpublished Chapter 34 of Prodigal Genius)". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/res/res_art12.html.
- ^ Velox, Particle beam weapon. everything2.com
- ^ Tesla, Nikola (1993). The fantastic inventions of Nikola Tesla. Adventures Unlimited Press. p. 256. ISBN 0-932813-19-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=fXB0fm-QqLMC. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla. by Tim Swartz. Inner Light – Global Communications (15 October 2000). Also see bibliotecapleyades.net
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 282
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 43
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 301
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 46
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 208
- ^ Mast, Amy (PDF). America's forgotten innovator, Nikola Tesla. Florida State University. pp. 14–15. http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/mediacenter/publications/flux/vol1issue1/documents/magnetmilestones.pdf.
- ^ Cheney 2001, p. 110
- ^ Thomas Edison: Life of an Electrifying Man. Biographiq. 2008. p. 23. ISBN 1-59986-216-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=LHHPo0vsdgMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ^ Cheney, Uth & Glenn 1999, p. 19
- ^ O'Neill 2007, p. 238
- ^ "Giant Eye to See Round the World" Albany Telegram, 25 February 1923 (doc).
- ^ "A Machine to End War". Public Broadcasting Service. February 1937. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/res/res_art11.html. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Kennedy, John B., "When woman is boss, An interview with Nikola Tesla". Colliers, 30 January 1926.
- ^ The century illustrated monthly magazine, Volume 60. 1900. p. 180. http://books.google.com/?id=314iAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA178&dq=The+Problem+of+Increasing+Human+Energy#v=onepage&q=The%20Problem%20of%20Increasing%20Human%20Energy&f=false. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ Munson, Richard (2008). From Edison to Enron: The Business of Power and What It Means for the Future of Electricity. Praeger. p. 37. ISBN 0-275-98740-X. http://books.google.com/books?id=MNCea_BbzQcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla Dies. Prolific Inventor. Alternating Power Current's Developer Found Dead in Hotel Suite Here. Claimed a 'Death Beam'. He Insisted the Invention Could Annihilate an Army of 1,000,000 at Once.". New York Times. 8 January 1943, Friday. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D13F93D59147B93CAA9178AD85F478485F9. Retrieved 21 July 2007.
- ^ Cheney, Uth & Glenn 1999, p. 158
- ^ U.S. Patent 645,576
- ^ Page 278, William R. Lyne, Pentagon Aliens, 1993
- ^ Hoover, John Edgar, et al.
- ^ Pages 278–279, William R. Lyne, Pentagon Aliens, 1993
- ^ "Nikola Tesla Museum". Tesla-museum.org. http://www.tesla-museum.org/. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla Bibliography". 21st Century Books. http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/bibliography.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla Information Resource". 21st Century Books. http://www.tfcbooks.com/. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "Selected Tesla writings". 21st Century Books. http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/contents.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Works by Nikola Tesla at Project Gutenberg
- ^ Tesla, Nikola (1900). "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy". The Century Magazine 60 (n.s. v. 38) (1900 May–Oct): 175. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013530053;q1=increasing%20human;start=1;size=100;page=root;view=image;seq=193;num=175. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING HUMAN ENERGY". Twenty-First Century Books. http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1900-06-00.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Tesla, Nikola. "The Project Gutenberg eBook, Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency, by Nikola Tesla". Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13476/13476-h/13476-h.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Tesla, Nikola. "EXPERIMENTS WITH ALTERNATE CURRENTS OF HIGH POTENTIAL AND HIGH FREQUENCY". Twenty-First Century Books. http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1892-02-03.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Seifer 2001, p. 464
- ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Springer. p. 183. ISBN 3-540-00238-3. http://books.google.com/?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ Seifer 2001, p. 468
- ^ "Why the Name "Tesla"?". Tesla Motors. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071016044752/http://www.teslamotors.com/learn_more/why_tesla.php. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
- ^ "Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport". airport-desk.com. http://www.airport-desk.com/airports/europe/serbia/belgrade-nikola-tesla-airport.html. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla's Birthday". Google. http://www.google.com/doodles/nikola-teslas-birthday. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ Wardrop, Murray (10 July 2009). "Nikola Tesla: Google commemorates birthday of pioneering electrical engineer". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/5793540/Nikola-Tesla-Google-commemorates-birthday-of-pioneering-electrical-engineer.html. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ Vujovic, Dr. Ljubo. "Tesla Biography NIKOLA TESLA THE GENIUS WHO LIT THE WORLD". Tesla Memorial Society of New York. http://www.teslasociety.com/biography.htm. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla Memorial Centre". MCNikolaTesla.hr. Nikola Tesla Memorial Centre. http://www.mcnikolatesla.hr/english.html. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Memorijalni centar "Nikola Tesla" u Smiljanu" (in Croatian). Gospic.hr. City of Gospić. http://www.gospic.hr/info/Mem_centar_Nikola_Tesla.asp. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "A MUSEUM AT WARDENCLYFFE The Creation of a Monument to Nikola TeslaT". Tesla Wardenclyffe Project, Inc.. http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/monument.htm. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
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- Secor, H. Winfield, Tesla's views on Electricity and the War, Electrical Experimenter, Volume 5, Number 4, August, 1917.
- Florey, Glen, Tesla and the Military. Engineering 24, 5 December 2000.
- Corum, K. L., J. F. Corum, Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations, and Stationary Waves. 1994.
- Corum, K. L., J. F. Corum, and A. H. Aidinejad, Atmospheric Fields, Tesla's Receivers and Regenerative Detectors. 1994.
- Meyl, Konstantin, H. Weidner, E. Zentgraf, T. Senkel, T. Junker, and P. Winkels, Experiments to proof the evidence of scalar waves Tests with a Tesla reproduction. Institut für Gravitationsforschung (IGF), Am Heerbach 5, D-63857 Waldaschaff.
- Anderson, L. I., John Stone Stone on Nikola Tesla's Priority in Radio and Continuous Wave Radiofrequency Apparatus. The AWA Review, Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 18–41.
- Anderson, L. I., Priority in Invention of Radio, Tesla v. Marconi. Antique Wireless Association monograph, March 1980.
- Marincic, A., and D. Budimir, Tesla's contribution to radiowave propagation. Dept. of Electron. Eng., Belgrade Univ. (5th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001. TELSIKS 2001. pp. 327–331 vol.1) ISBN-X
- Page, R.M., The Early History of Radar, Proceedings of the IRE, Volume 50, Number 5, May, 1962, (special 50th Anniversary Issue).
- C Mackechnie Jarvis Nikola Tesla and the induction motor. 1970 Phys. Educ. 5 280–287.
- Giant Eye to See Round the World (DOC)
- Toby Grotz, The Influence of Vedic Philosophy on Nikola Tesla's Understanding of Free Energy.
- Bock-Luna, Birgit (2007). The past in exile: Serbian long-distance nationalism and identity in the wake of the Third Balkan War. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 3-8258-9752-4, 9783825897529.
Further reading[link]
Publications[link]
- A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, May 1888.
- Selected Tesla Writings, Scientific papers and articles written by Tesla and others, spanning the years 1888–1940.
- Light Without Heat, The Manufacturer and Builder, January 1892, Vol. 24
- Biography: Nikola Tesla, The Century Magazine, November 1893, Vol. 47
- Tesla's Oscillator and Other Inventions, The Century Magazine, November 1894, Vol. 49
- The New Telegraphy. Recent Experiments in Telegraphy with Sparks, The Century Magazine, November 1897, Vol. 55
Books[link]
- Tesla, Nikola, "My Inventions" Parts I through V published in the Electrical Experimenter monthly magazine from February through June, 1919. Part VI published October, 1919. Reprint edition with introductory notes by Ben Johnson, New York: Barnes and Noble,1982, ISBN; also online at Lucid Cafe, et cetera as My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, 1919. ISBN
- Martin, Thomas C., The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla, 1894 . ISBN-X
- Auster, Paul, Moon Palace, 1989. Tells Tesla's story within the history of the United States.
- Lomas, Robert, The Man Who Invented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla, forgotten genius of electricity, 1999. ISBN
- Childress, David H., The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, 1993. ISBN
- Glenn, Jim, The Complete Patents of Nikola Tesla, 1994. ISBN
- Trinkaus, George TESLA: The Lost Inventions, High Voltage Press, 2002. ISBN 0-9709618-2-0
- Valone, Thomas, Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy, 2002. ISBN
- McNichol, Tom, AC/DC The Savage Tale of the First Standards War, Jossey-Bass 2006 ISBN 0-7879-8267-9
Journals[link]
- Carlson, W. Bernard, "Inventor of dreams". Scientific American, March 2005 Vol. 292 Issue 3 p. 78(7).
- Jatras, Stella L., "The genius of Nikola Tesla". The New American, 28 July 2003 Vol. 19 Issue 15 p. 9(1)
- Rybak, James P., "Nikola Tesla: Scientific Savant". Popular Electronics, 1042170X, November 1999, Vol. 16, Issue 11.
- Lawren, B., "Rediscovering Tesla". Omni, March 1988, Vol. 10 Issue 6.
Filmography[link]
See also: Nikola Tesla in popular culture
- There are at least two films describing Tesla's life. In the first, filmed in 1977, arranged for TV, Tesla was portrayed by Rade Šerbedžija. In 1980, Orson Welles produced a Yugoslav film named Tajna Nikole Tesle (The Secret of Nikola Tesla), in which Welles himself played the part of Tesla's patron, J.P. Morgan. The film was directed by Krsto Papić, and Nikola Tesla was portrayed by Petar Božović.
- "Tesla: Master of Lightning". 1999. ISBN (Book) ISBN (PBS Video)
- Lost Lightning: The Missing Secrets of Nikola Tesla (at Google Video.) Tesla's designs for free energy and defensive weapons systems.
- David Bowie portrayed Tesla in the 2006 film The Prestige. Tesla's time in Colorado Springs was the focus of several scenes in the film, which featured speculations on the explosive power of Tesla's electrical experiments.
- Tesla: Master of Lightning, produced by Robert Uth for New Voyage Communications in 2003, tapped Stacy Keach to supply the voice of Tesla.
External links[link]
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| Find more about Nikola Tesla on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Images and media from Commons |
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Quotations from Wikiquote |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- The Nikola Tesla Museum
- Original Tesla's patents presented in documentary movie by Museum Nikola Tesla.
- Nikola Tesla Niagara Falls Power
- Tesla Resource Surrounding the PBS "Master of Lightning" documentary
- World of Scientific Biography: Nikola Tesla, by Wolfram Research
- Nikola Tesla Page
- Tesla's grand-nephew William H. Terbo's site
- Nikola Tesla, Forgotten American Scientist
- Tesla Wardenclyffe Project, Long Island New York. Mission is the adaptive reuse of the Wardenclyffe laboratory building.
- Nikola Tesla's Father: Milutin Tesla
- Tesla: The European Years
- Jim Bieberich's The Complete Nikola Tesla U.S. Patent Collection
- Online archive of many of Tesla's writings, articles and published papers
- Seifer, Marc J., and Michael Behar, Electric Mind, Wired Magazine, October 1998.
- Works by Nikola Tesla at Project Gutenberg
- Nikola Tesla's FBI file in pdf
- Nikola Tesla Complete Patents in pdf
- Kenneth M. Swezey Papers, 1891–1982, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, archival resources.
- The Case Files of Nikola Tesla, Franklin Institute
- Booknotes interview with Jill Jonnes on Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse and the Race to Electrify the World, October 26, 2003.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tesla, Nikola |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Serbian-American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer |
| Date of birth | 10 July 1856 |
| Place of birth | Smiljan, Austrian Empire |
| Date of death | 7 January 1943 |
| Place of death | New York City |
http://wn.com/Nikola_Tesla
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Thomas Edison | |
|---|---|
 "Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration."
– Thomas Alva Edison, Harper's Monthly (September 1932) |
|
| Born | Thomas Alva Edison (1847-02-11)February 11, 1847 Milan, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | October 18, 1931(1931-10-18) (aged 84) West Orange, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | School dropout |
| Occupation | Inventor, businessman |
| Religion | Deist |
| Spouse |
Mary Stilwell (m. 1871–1884) «start: (1871)–end+1: (1885)»"Marriage: Mary Stilwell to Thomas Edison" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Thomas_Edison) |
| Children | Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Madeleine Edison (1888–1979) Charles Edison (1890–1969) Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992) |
| Parents | Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871) |
| Relatives | Lewis Miller (father-in-law) |
| Signature |  |
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.[1]
Edison is the fourth most prolific inventor in history, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.
His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Manhattan Island, New York.
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Early life[link]
Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–96, born in Marshalltown, Nova Scotia, Canada) and Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871, born in Chenango County, New York).[2][citation needed] His father had to escape from Canada because he took part in the unsuccessful Mackenzie Rebellion of 1837.[citation needed] Edison reported being of Dutch ancestry.[3]
In school, the young Edison's mind often wandered, and his teacher, the Reverend Engle, was overheard calling him "addled". This ended Edison's three months of official schooling. Edison recalled later, "My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint." His mother taught him at home.[4] Much of his education came from reading R.G. Parker's School of Natural Philosophy and The Cooper Union.
Edison developed hearing problems at an early age. The cause of his deafness has been attributed to a bout of scarlet fever during childhood and recurring untreated middle-ear infections. Around the middle of his career, Edison attributed the hearing impairment to being struck on the ears by a train conductor when his chemical laboratory in a boxcar caught fire and he was thrown off the train in Smiths Creek, Michigan, along with his apparatus and chemicals. In his later years, he modified the story to say the injury occurred when the conductor, in helping him onto a moving train, lifted him by the ears.[5][6]
Edison's family moved to Port Huron, Michigan after the railroad bypassed Milan in 1854 and business declined;[7] his life there was bittersweet. He sold candy and newspapers on trains running from Port Huron to Detroit, and he sold vegetables to supplement his income. He also studied qualitative analysis, and conducted chemical experiments on the train until an accident prohibited further work of the kind.[8]
He obtained the exclusive right to sell newspapers on the road, and, with the aid of four assistants, he set in type and printed the Grand Trunk Herald, which he sold with his other papers.[8] This began Edison's long streak of entrepreneurial ventures, as he discovered his talents as a businessman. These talents eventually led him to found 14 companies, including General Electric, which is still one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world.[9][10]
Telegrapher[link]
Edison became a telegraph operator after he saved three-year-old Jimmie MacKenzie from being struck by a runaway train. Jimmie's father, station agent J.U. MacKenzie of Mount Clemens, Michigan, was so grateful that he trained Edison as a telegraph operator. Edison's first telegraphy job away from Port Huron was at Stratford Junction, Ontario, on the Grand Trunk Railway.[11]
In 1866, at the age of 19, Edison moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where, as an employee of Western Union, he worked the Associated Press bureau news wire. Edison requested the night shift, which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his two favorite pastimes—reading and experimenting. Eventually, the latter pre-occupation cost him his job. One night in 1867, he was working with a lead–acid battery when he spilled sulfuric acid onto the floor. It ran between the floorboards and onto his boss's desk below. The next morning Edison was fired.[12]
One of his mentors during those early years was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the impoverished youth to live and work in the basement of his Elizabeth, New Jersey home. Some of Edison's earliest inventions were related to telegraphy, including a stock ticker. His first patent was for the electric vote recorder, (U.S. Patent 90,646),[13] which was granted on June 1, 1869.[14]
Marriages and children[link]
On December 25, 1871, Edison married 16-year-old Mary Stilwell (1855-1884), whom he had met two months earlier; she was an employee at one of his shops. They had three children:
- Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965), nicknamed "Dot"[15]
- Thomas Alva Edison, Jr. (1876–1935), nicknamed "Dash"[16]
- William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Inventor, graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, 1900.[17]
Mary Edison died at age 29 on August 9, 1884, of unknown causes: possibly from a brain tumor[18] or a morphine overdose. Doctors frequently prescribed morphine to women in those years to treat a variety of causes, and researchers believe that some of her symptoms sounded as if they were associated with morphine poisoning.[19]
On February 24, 1886, at the age of thirty-nine, Edison married the 20-year-old Mina Miller (1866-1947) in Akron, Ohio.[20] She was the daughter of the inventor Lewis Miller, co-founder of the Chautauqua Institution and a benefactor of Methodist charities. They also had three children together:
- Madeleine Edison (1888–1979), who married John Eyre Sloane.[21][22]
- Charles Edison (1890–1969), who took over the company upon his father's death and who later was elected Governor of New Jersey.[23] He also took charge of his father's experimental laboratories in West Orange.
- Theodore Edison (1898–1992), (MIT Physics 1923), credited with more than 80 patents.
Mina outlived Thomas Edison, dying on August 24, 1947.[24][25]
Beginning his career[link]
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Thomas Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey, with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices, but the invention that first gained him notice was the phonograph in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magical. Edison became known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park," New Jersey.
His first phonograph recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder, but had poor sound quality and the recordings could be played only a few times. In the 1880s, a redesigned model using wax-coated cardboard cylinders was produced by Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, and Charles Tainter. This was one reason that Thomas Edison continued work on his own "Perfected Phonograph."
Menlo Park (1876–1881)[link]
Edison's major innovation was the first industrial research lab, which was built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was built with the funds from the sale of Edison's quadruplex telegraph. After his demonstration of the telegraph, Edison was not sure that his original plan to sell it for $4,000 to $5,000 was right, so he asked Western Union to make a bid. He was surprised to hear them offer $10,000,[citation needed] ($202,000 USD 2010) which he gratefully accepted.
The quadruplex telegraph was Edison's first big financial success, and Menlo Park became the first institution set up with the specific purpose of producing constant technological innovation and improvement. Edison was legally attributed with most of the inventions produced there, though many employees carried out research and development under his direction. His staff was generally told to carry out his directions in conducting research, and he drove them hard to produce results.
William Joseph Hammer, a consulting electrical engineer, began his duties as a laboratory assistant to Edison in December 1879. He assisted in experiments on the telephone, phonograph, electric railway, iron ore separator, electric lighting, and other developing inventions. However, Hammer worked primarily on the incandescent electric lamp and was put in charge of tests and records on that device. In 1880, he was appointed chief engineer of the Edison Lamp Works. In his first year, the plant under General Manager Francis Robbins Upton turned out 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer of incandescent electric lighting".
Nearly all of Edison's patents were utility patents, which were protected for a 17-year period and included inventions or processes that are electrical, mechanical, or chemical in nature. About a dozen were design patents, which protect an ornamental design for up to a 14-year period. As in most patents, the inventions he described were improvements over prior art. The phonograph patent, in contrast, was unprecedented as describing the first device to record and reproduce sounds.[26]
Edison did not invent the first electric light bulb, but instead invented the first commercially practical incandescent light.[citation needed] Many earlier inventors had previously devised incandescent lamps, including Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans. Others who developed early and commercially impractical incandescent electric lamps included Humphry Davy, James Bowman Lindsay, Moses G. Farmer,[27] William E. Sawyer, Joseph Swan and Heinrich Göbel. Some of these early bulbs had such flaws as an extremely short life, high expense to produce, and high electric current drawn, making them difficult to apply on a large scale commercially.[28]
In 1878, Edison applied the term filament to the element of glowing wire carrying the current, although the English inventor Joseph Swan had used the term prior to this. Swan developed an incandescent light with a long lasting filament at about the same time as Edison, as Swan's earlier bulbs lacked the high resistance needed to be an effective part of an electrical utility. Edison and his co-workers set about the task of creating longer-lasting bulbs. In Britain, Joseph Swan had been able to obtain a patent on the incandescent lamp; though Edison had already been making successful lamps for some time, his patent application was incompletely prepared and failed.[28]
Unable to raise the required capital in Britain because of this, Edison was forced to enter into a joint venture with Swan (known as Ediswan). Swan acknowledged that Edison had anticipated him, saying "Edison is entitled to more than I ... he has seen further into this subject, vastly than I, and foreseen and provided for details that I did not comprehend until I saw his system".[29]
By 1879, Edison had produced a new concept: a high resistance lamp in a very high vacuum, which would burn for hundreds of hours. While the earlier inventors had produced electric lighting in laboratory conditions, dating back to a demonstration of a glowing wire by Alessandro Volta in 1800, Edison concentrated on commercial application, and was able to sell the concept to homes and businesses by mass-producing relatively long-lasting light bulbs and creating a complete system for the generation and distribution of electricity.
In just over a decade, Edison's Menlo Park laboratory had expanded to occupy two city blocks. Edison said he wanted the lab to have "a stock of almost every conceivable material". A newspaper article printed in 1887 reveals the seriousness of his claim, stating the lab contained "eight thousand kinds of chemicals, every kind of screw made, every size of needle, every kind of cord or wire, hair of humans, horses, hogs, cows, rabbits, goats, minx, camels ... silk in every texture, cocoons, various kinds of hoofs, shark's teeth, deer horns, tortoise shell ... cork, resin, varnish and oil, ostrich feathers, a peacock's tail, jet, amber, rubber, all ores ..." and the list goes on.[30]
Over his desk, Edison displayed a placard with Sir Joshua Reynolds' famous quotation: "There is no expedient to which a man will not resort to avoid the real labor of thinking."[31] This slogan was reputedly posted at several other locations throughout the facility.
With Menlo Park, Edison had created the first industrial laboratory concerned with creating knowledge and then controlling its application.
Carbon telephone transmitter[link]
In 1877–78, Edison invented and developed the carbon microphone used in all telephones along with the Bell receiver until the 1980s. After protracted patent litigation, in 1892 a federal court ruled that Edison and not Emile Berliner was the inventor of the carbon microphone. The carbon microphone was also used in radio broadcasting and public address work through the 1920s.
Electric light[link]
Main article: History of the light bulb
Building on the contributions of other developers over the previous three quarters of a century, Edison made improvements to the idea of incandescent light, and entered the public consciousness as "the inventor" of the lightbulb, and a prime mover in developing the necessary infrastructure for electric power.
After many experiments with platinum and other metal filaments, Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879;[32] it lasted 13.5 hours.[33] Edison continued to improve this design and by November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires".[34]
Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways",[34] it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered a carbonized bamboo filament that could last over 1,200 hours. The idea of using this particular raw material originated from Edison's recalling his examination of a few threads from a bamboo fishing pole while relaxing on the shore of Battle Lake in the present-day state of Wyoming, where he and other members of a scientific team had traveled so that they could clearly observe a total eclipse of the sun on July 29, 1878, from the Continental Divide.[35]
In 1878, Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York City with several financiers, including J. P. Morgan and the members of the Vanderbilt family. Edison made the first public demonstration of his incandescent light bulb on December 31, 1879, in Menlo Park. It was during this time that he said: "We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles."[36]
Lewis Latimer joined the Edison Electric Light Company in 1884. Latimer had received a patent in January 1881 for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of carbon filaments for lightbulbs. Latimer worked as an engineer, a draftsman and an expert witness in patent litigation on electric lights.[37]
George Westinghouse's company bought Philip Diehl's competing induction lamp patent rights (1882) for $25,000, forcing the holders of the Edison patent to charge a more reasonable rate for the use of the Edison patent rights and lowering the price of the electric lamp.[38]
On October 8, 1883, the US patent office ruled that Edison's patent was based on the work of William Sawyer and was therefore invalid. Litigation continued for nearly six years, until October 6, 1889, when a judge ruled that Edison's electric-light improvement claim for "a filament of carbon of high resistance" was valid. To avoid a possible court battle with Joseph Swan, whose British patent had been awarded a year before Edison's, he and Swan formed a joint company called Ediswan to manufacture and market the invention in Britain.
Mahen Theatre in Brno (in what is now the Czech Republic) was the first public building in the world to use Edison's electric lamps, with the installation supervised by Edison's assistant in the invention of the lamp, Francis Jehl.[39] In September 2010, a sculpture of three giant light bulbs was erected in Brno, in front of the theatre.[40]
Electric power distribution[link]
Edison patented a system for electricity distribution in 1880, which was essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp. On December 17, 1880, Edison founded the Edison Illuminating Company. The company established the first investor-owned electric utility in 1882 on Pearl Street Station, New York City. It was on September 4, 1882, that Edison switched on his Pearl Street generating station's electrical power distribution system, which provided 110 volts direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan.[41]
Earlier in the year, in January 1882, he had switched on the first steam-generating power station at Holborn Viaduct in London. The DC supply system provided electricity supplies to street lamps and several private dwellings within a short distance of the station. On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey.
War of currents[link]
Main article: War of Currents
Edison's true success, like that of his friend Henry Ford, was in his ability to maximize profits through establishment of mass-production systems and intellectual property rights. George Westinghouse and Edison became adversaries because of Edison's promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution instead of the more easily transmitted alternating current (AC) system invented by Nikola Tesla and promoted by Westinghouse. Unlike DC, AC could be stepped up to very high voltages with transformers, sent over thinner and cheaper wires, and stepped down again at the destination for distribution to users.
In 1887, there were 121 Edison power stations in the United States delivering DC electricity to customers. When the limitations of DC were discussed by the public, Edison launched a propaganda campaign to convince people that AC was far too dangerous to use. The problem with DC was that the power plants could economically deliver DC electricity only to customers within about one and a half miles (about 2.4 km) from the generating station, so that it was suitable only for central business districts. When George Westinghouse suggested using high-voltage AC instead, as it could carry electricity hundreds of miles with marginal loss of power, Edison waged a "War of Currents" to prevent AC from being adopted.
The war against AC led him to become involved in the development and promotion of the electric chair (using AC) as an attempt to portray AC to have greater lethal potential than DC. Edison went on to carry out a brief but intense campaign to ban the use of AC or to limit the allowable voltage for safety purposes. As part of this campaign, Edison's employees publicly electrocuted animals to demonstrate the dangers of AC;[42][43] alternating electric currents are slightly more dangerous in that frequencies near 60 Hz have a markedly greater potential for inducing fatal "cardiac fibrillation" than do direct currents.[44] On one of the more notable occasions, in 1903, Edison's workers electrocuted Topsy the elephant at Luna Park, near Coney Island, after she had killed several men and her owners wanted her put to death.[45] His company filmed the electrocution.
AC replaced DC in most instances of generation and power distribution, enormously extending the range and improving the efficiency of power distribution. Though widespread use of DC ultimately lost favor for distribution, it exists today primarily in long-distance high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Low-voltage DC distribution continued to be used in high-density downtown areas for many years but was eventually replaced by AC low-voltage network distribution in many of them.[46]
DC had the advantage that large battery banks could maintain continuous power through brief interruptions of the electric supply from generators and the transmission system. Utilities such as Commonwealth Edison in Chicago had rotary converters or motor-generator sets, which could change DC to AC and AC to various frequencies in the early to mid-20th century. Utilities supplied rectifiers to convert the low voltage AC to DC for such DC loads as elevators, fans and pumps. There were still 1,600 DC customers in downtown New York City as of 2005, and service was finally discontinued only on November 14, 2007.[46] Most subway systems are still powered by direct current.
Fluoroscopy[link]
Edison is credited with designing and producing the first commercially available fluoroscope, a machine that uses X-rays to take radiographs. Until Edison discovered that calcium tungstate fluoroscopy screens produced brighter images than the barium platinocyanide screens originally used by Wilhelm Röntgen, the technology was capable of producing only very faint images.
The fundamental design of Edison's fluoroscope is still in use today, although Edison himself abandoned the project after nearly losing his own eyesight and seriously injuring his assistant, Clarence Dally. Dally had made himself an enthusiastic human guinea pig for the fluoroscopy project and in the process been exposed to a poisonous dose of radiation. He later died of injuries related to the exposure. In 1903, a shaken Edison said "Don't talk to me about X-rays, I am afraid of them."[47]
Work relations[link]
Frank J. Sprague, a competent mathematician and former naval officer, was recruited by Edward H. Johnson and joined the Edison organization in 1883. One of Sprague's contributions to the Edison Laboratory at Menlo Park was to expand Edison's mathematical methods. Despite the common belief that Edison did not use mathematics, analysis of his notebooks reveal that he was an astute user of mathematical analysis conducted by his assistants such as Francis Robbins Upton, for example, determining the critical parameters of his electric lighting system including lamp resistance by an analysis of Ohm's Law, Joule's Law and economics.[48]
Another of Edison's assistants was Nikola Tesla. Tesla claimed that Edison had promised him $50,000 if he succeeded in making improvements to his DC generation plants. Several months later, when Tesla had finished the work and asked to be paid, he said that Edison replied, "When you become a full-fledged American you will appreciate an American joke."[49]
Tesla immediately resigned. With Tesla's salary of $18 per week, the payment would have amounted to over 53 years' pay and the amount was equal to the initial capital of the company. Another account states that Tesla resigned when he was refused a raise to $25 per week.[50]
Although Tesla accepted an Edison Medal later in life, this and other negative events concerning Edison remained with him. The day after Edison died, the New York Times contained extensive coverage of Edison's life, with the only negative opinion coming from Tesla who was quoted as saying:
He had no hobby, cared for no sort of amusement of any kind and lived in utter disregard of the most elementary rules of hygiene. [...] His method was inefficient in the extreme, for an immense ground had to be covered to get anything at all unless blind chance intervened and, at first, I was almost a sorry witness of his doings, knowing that just a little theory and calculation would have saved him 90% of the labor. But he had a veritable contempt for book learning and mathematical knowledge, trusting himself entirely to his inventor's instinct and practical American sense.[51]—Nikola Tesla
One of Edison's famous quotations about his attempts to make the light globe suggest that perhaps Tesla was right about Edison's methods of working: "If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward."[52]
When Edison was a very old man and close to death, he said, in looking back, that the biggest mistake he had made was in not respecting Tesla or his work.[53]
There were 28 men recognized as Edison Pioneers.
Media inventions[link]
The key to Edison's fortunes was telegraphy. With knowledge gained from years of working as a telegraph operator, he learned the basics of electricity. This allowed him to make his early fortune with the stock ticker, the first electricity-based broadcast system. Edison patented the sound recording and reproducing phonograph in 1878. Edison was also granted a patent for the motion picture camera or "Kinetograph". He did the electromechanical design, while his employee W.K.L. Dickson, a photographer, worked on the photographic and optical development. Much of the credit for the invention belongs to Dickson.[32] In 1891, Thomas Edison built a Kinetoscope, or peep-hole viewer. This device was installed in penny arcades, where people could watch short, simple films. The kinetograph and kinetoscope were both first publicly exhibited May 20, 1891.[54]
On August 9, 1892, Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph. In April 1896, Thomas Armat's Vitascope, manufactured by the Edison factory and marketed in Edison's name, was used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. Later he exhibited motion pictures with voice soundtrack on cylinder recordings, mechanically synchronized with the film.
Officially the kinetoscope entered Europe when the rich American Businessman Irving T. Bush (1869–1948) bought from the Continental Commerce Company of Frank Z. Maguire and Joseph D. Baucus a dozen machines. Bush placed from October 17, 1894, the first kinetoscopes in London. At the same time the French company Kinétoscope Edison Michel et Alexis Werner bought these machines for the market in France. In the last three months of 1894, The Continental Commerce Company sold hundreds of kinetoscopes in Europe (i.e. the Netherlands and Italy). In Germany and in Austria-Hungary the kinetoscope was introduced by the Deutsche-österreichische-Edison-Kinetoscop Gesellschaft, founded by the Ludwig Stollwerck[56] of the Schokoladen-Süsswarenfabrik Stollwerck & Co of Cologne.
The first kinetoscopes arrived in Belgium at the Fairs in early 1895. The Edison's Kinétoscope Français, a Belgian company, was founded in Brussels on January 15, 1895, with the rights to sell the kinetoscopes in Monaco, France and the French colonies. The main investors in this company were Belgian industrialists.[57]
On May 14, 1895, the Edison's Kinétoscope Belge was founded in Brussels. The businessman Ladislas-Victor Lewitzki, living in London but active in Belgium and France, took the initiative in starting this business. He had contacts with Leon Gaumont and the American Mutoscope and Biograph Co. In 1898 he also became a shareholder of the Biograph and Mutoscope Company for France.[57]
In 1901, he visited the Sudbury area in Ontario, Canada, as a mining prospector, and is credited with the original discovery of the Falconbridge ore body. His attempts to mine the ore body were not successful, however, and he abandoned his mining claim in 1903.[58] A street in Falconbridge, as well as the Edison Building, which served as the head office of Falconbridge Mines, are named for him.
In 1902, agents of Thomas Edison bribed a theater owner in London for a copy of A Trip to the Moon by Georges Méliès. Edison then made hundreds of copies and showed them in New York City. Méliès received no compensation. He was counting on taking the film to the US and recapture its huge cost by showing it throughout the country when he realized it had already been shown there by Edison. This effectively bankrupted Méliès.[59]
Other exhibitors similarly routinely copied and exhibited each others' films.[60] To better protect the copyrights on his films, Edison deposited prints of them on long strips of photographic paper with the U.S. copyright office. Many of these paper prints survived longer and in better condition than the actual films of that era.[61]
Edison's favorite movie was The Birth of a Nation. He thought that talkies had "spoiled everything" for him. "There isn't any good acting on the screen. They concentrate on the voice now and have forgotten how to act. I can sense it more than you because I am deaf."[62] His favorite stars were Mary Pickford and Clara Bow.[63]
In 1908, Edison started the Motion Picture Patents Company, which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios (commonly known as the Edison Trust). Thomas Edison was the first honorary fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, which was founded in 1929.
West Orange and Fort Myers (1886–1931)[link]
File:Edison battery exhibit, 1915.jpg
Thomas A. Edison Industries Exhibit, Primary Battery section, 1915
Edison moved from Menlo Park after the death of Mary Stilwell and purchased a home known as "Glenmont" in 1886 as a wedding gift for Mina in Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey. In 1885, Thomas Edison bought property in Fort Myers, Florida, and built what was later called Seminole Lodge as a winter retreat. Edison and his wife Mina spent many winters in Fort Myers where they recreated and Edison tried to find a domestic source of natural rubber.
Henry Ford, the automobile magnate, later lived a few hundred feet away from Edison at his winter retreat in Fort Myers, Florida. Edison even contributed technology to the automobile. They were friends until Edison's death.
In 1928, Edison joined the Fort Myers Civitan Club. He believed strongly in the organization, writing that "The Civitan Club is doing things—big things—for the community, state, and nation, and I certainly consider it an honor to be numbered in its ranks."[64] He was an active member in the club until his death, sometimes bringing Henry Ford to the club's meetings.
The final years[link]
Edison was active in business right up to the end. Just months before his death in 1931, the Lackawanna Railroad implemented electric trains in suburban service from Hoboken to Gladstone, Montclair and Dover in New Jersey. Transmission was by means of an overhead catenary system, with the entire project under Edison's guidance. To the surprise of many, he was at the throttle of the very first MU (Multiple-Unit) train to depart Lackawanna Terminal in Hoboken, driving the train all the way to Dover.[65]
As another tribute to his lasting legacy, the same fleet of cars Edison deployed on the Lackawanna in 1931 served commuters until their retirement in 1984, when some of them were purchased by the Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum in Lenox, Massachusetts. A special plaque commemorating the joint achievement of both the railway and Edison can be seen today in the waiting room of Lackawanna Terminal in Hoboken, presently operated by New Jersey Transit.[65]
Edison was said to have been influenced by a popular fad diet in his last few years; "the only liquid he consumed was a pint of milk every three hours".[32] He is reported to have believed this diet would restore his health. However, this tale is doubtful. In 1930, the year before Edison died, Mina said in an interview about him, "correct eating is one of his greatest hobbies." She also said that during one of his periodic "great scientific adventures", Edison would be up at 7:00, have breakfast at 8:00, and be rarely home for lunch or dinner, implying that he continued to have all three.[62]
Edison became the owner of his Milan, Ohio, birthplace in 1906. On his last visit, in 1923, he was shocked to find his old home still lit by lamps and candles.
Thomas Edison died of complications of diabetes on October 18, 1931, in his home, "Glenmont" in Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey, which he had purchased in 1886 as a wedding gift for Mina. He is buried behind the home.[66][67]
Edison's last breath is reportedly contained in a test tube at the Henry Ford Museum. Ford reportedly convinced Charles Edison to seal a test tube of air in the inventor's room shortly after his death, as a memento. A plaster death mask was also made.[68]
Mina died in 1947.
Views on politics, religion and metaphysics[link]
Historian Paul Israel has characterized Edison as a "freethinker".[32] Edison was heavily influenced by Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason.[32] Edison defended Paine's "scientific deism", saying, "He has been called an atheist, but atheist he was not. Paine believed in a supreme intelligence, as representing the idea which other men often express by the name of deity."[32] In an October 2, 1910, interview in the New York Times Magazine, Edison stated:
Nature is what we know. We do not know the gods of religions. And nature is not kind, or merciful, or loving. If God made me — the fabled God of the three qualities of which I spoke: mercy, kindness, love — He also made the fish I catch and eat. And where do His mercy, kindness, and love for that fish come in? No; nature made us — nature did it all — not the gods of the religions.[69]
Edison was called an atheist for those remarks, and although he did not allow himself to be drawn into the controversy publicly, he clarified himself in a private letter: "You have misunderstood the whole article, because you jumped to the conclusion that it denies the existence of God. There is no such denial, what you call God I call Nature, the Supreme intelligence that rules matter. All the article states is that it is doubtful in my opinion if our intelligence or soul or whatever one may call it lives hereafter as an entity or disperses back again from whence it came, scattered amongst the cells of which we are made."[32]
Nonviolence was key to Edison's moral views, and when asked to serve as a naval consultant for World War I, he specified he would work only on defensive weapons and later noted, "I am proud of the fact that I never invented weapons to kill." Edison's philosophy of nonviolence extended to animals as well, about which he stated: "Nonviolence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages."[70] However, he is also notorious for having electrocuted a number of dogs in 1888, both by direct and alternating current, in an attempt to argue that the former (which he had a vested business interest in promoting) was safer than the latter (favored by his rival George Westinghouse).[71]
Edison's success in promoting direct current as less lethal also led to alternating current being used in the electric chair adopted by New York in 1889 as a supposedly humane execution method. Because Westinghouse was angered by the decision, he funded Eighth Amendment-based appeals for inmates set to die in the electric chair, ultimately resulting in Edison providing the generators which powered early electrocutions and testifying successfully on behalf of the state that electrocution was a painless method of execution.[72]
Tributes[link]
Places and people named for Edison[link]
Several places have been named after Edison, most notably the town of Edison, New Jersey. Thomas Edison State College, a nationally known college for adult learners, is in Trenton, New Jersey. Two community colleges are named for him: Edison State College in Fort Myers, Florida, and Edison Community College in Piqua, Ohio.[73] There are numerous high schools named after Edison; see Edison High School.
In 1883, the City Hotel in Sunbury, Pennsylvania was the first building to be lit with Edison's three-wire system. The hotel was renamed The Hotel Edison upon Edison's return to the City on 1922. [74]
Edison was on hand to turn on the lights at the Hotel Edison in New York City when it opened in 1931.
Three bridges around the United States have been named in his honor (see Edison Bridge).
In space, his name is commemorated in asteroid 742 Edisona.
The Russian composer Edison Denisov, whose father was a radio-physicist, was named after the inventor.
Museums and memorials[link]
In West Orange, New Jersey, the 13.5 acre (5.5 ha) Glenmont estate is maintained and operated by the National Park Service as the Edison National Historic Site.[75] The Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum is in the town of Edison, New Jersey.[76] In Beaumont, Texas, there is an Edison Museum, though Edison never visited there.[citation needed]
The Port Huron Museum, in Port Huron, Michigan, restored the original depot that Thomas Edison worked out of as a young newsbutcher. The depot has been named the Thomas Edison Depot Museum.[77] The town has many Edison historical landmarks, including the graves of Edison's parents, and a monument along the St. Clair River. Edison's influence can be seen throughout this city of 32,000.
In Detroit, the Edison Memorial Fountain in Grand Circus Park was created to honor his achievements. The limestone fountain was dedicated October 21, 1929, the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the lightbulb.[78] On the same night, The Edison Institute was dedicated in nearby Dearborn.
In early 2010, Edison was proposed by the Ohio Historical Society as a finalist in a statewide vote for inclusion in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol.
Companies bearing Edison's name[link]
- Edison General Electric, merged with Thomson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric
- Commonwealth Edison, now part of Exelon
- Consolidated Edison
- Edison International
- Southern California Edison
- Edison Mission Energy
- Edison Capital
- Detroit Edison, a unit of DTE Energy
- Edison Sault Electric Company, a unit of Wisconsin Energy Corporation
- FirstEnergy
- Metropolitan Edison
- Ohio Edison
- Toledo Edison
- Edison S.p.A., a unit of Italenergia
- Boston Edison, a unit of NSTAR, formerly known as the Edison Electric Illuminating Company
- WEEI radio station in Boston, established by the Edison Electric Illuminating Company (hence the call letters)
- Trade association the Edison Electric Institute, a lobbying and research group for investor-owned utilities in the United States
- Edison Ore-Milling Company
- Edison Portland Cement Company
Awards named in honor of Edison[link]
The Edison Medal was created on February 11, 1904, by a group of Edison's friends and associates. Four years later the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), later IEEE, entered into an agreement with the group to present the medal as its highest award. The first medal was presented in 1909 to Elihu Thomson and, in a twist of fate, was awarded to Nikola Tesla in 1917. It is the oldest award in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, and is presented annually "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering or the electrical arts."
In the Netherlands, the major music awards are named the Edison Award after him.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers concedes the Thomas A. Edison Patent Award to individual patents since 2000.[79]
Honors and awards given to Edison[link]
The President of the Third French Republic, Jules Grévy, on the recommendation of his Minister of Foreign Affairs Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire and with the presentations of the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs Louis Cochery, designated Edison with the distinction of an 'Officer of the Legion of Honour' (Légion d'honneur) by decree on November 10, 1881;[80] He also named a Chevalier in 1879, and a Commander in 1889.[81]
In 1887, Edison won the Matteucci Medal. In 1890, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
The Philadelphia City Council named Edison the recipient of the John Scott Medal in 1889.[81]
In 1899, Edison was awarded the Edward Longstreth Medal of The Franklin Institute.[82]
He was named an Honorable Consulting Engineer at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's fair in 1904.[81]
In 1908, Edison received the American Association of Engineering Societies John Fritz Medal.[81]
Edison was awarded Franklin Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1915 for discoveries contributing to the foundation of industries and the well-being of the human race.
The United States Navy department awarded him the Distinguished Service Medal in 1920.[81]
The American Institute of Electrical Engineers created the Edison Medal in 1923 and he was its first recipient.[81]
In 1927, he was granted membership in the National Academy of Sciences.[81]
On May 29, 1928, Edison received the Congressional Gold Medal.[81]
In 1983, the United States Congress, pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 140 (Public Law 97—198), designated February 11, Edison's birthday, as National Inventor's Day.
Edison was ranked thirty-fifth on Michael H. Hart's 1978 book The 100, a list of the most influential figures in history. Life magazine (USA), in a special double issue in 1997, placed Edison first in the list of the "100 Most Important People in the Last 1000 Years", noting that the light bulb he promoted "lit up the world". In the 2005 television series The Greatest American, he was voted by viewers as the fifteenth-greatest.
In 2008, Edison was inducted in the New Jersey Hall of Fame.
In 2010, Edison was honored with a Technical Grammy Award.
In 2011, Edison was inducted into the Entrepreneur Walk of Fame, and named a Great Floridian by the Florida Governor and Cabinet.[83]
On November 6, 1915, The New York Times announced that both Edison and Tesla were to jointly receive the 1915 Nobel Prize but it did not occur.[84] The details of what happened are not known but Tesla who had once worked for Edison quit when he was promised a large bonus for solving a problem and then after being successful was told the promise was a joke.[85] Tesla once said that if Edison had to find a needle in a haystack he would take apart the haystack one straw at a time.[86] The Prize was awarded to Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays".
Other items named after Edison[link]
The United States Navy named the USS Edison (DD-439), a Gleaves class destroyer, in his honor in 1940. The ship was decommissioned a few months after the end of World War II. In 1962, the Navy commissioned USS Thomas A. Edison (SSBN-610), a fleet ballistic missile nuclear-powered submarine.
Decommissioned on December 1, 1983, Thomas A. Edison was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on April 30, 1986. She went through the Navy's Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Bremerton, Washington, beginning on October 1, 1996. When she finished the program on December 1, 1997, she ceased to exist as a complete ship and was listed as scrapped.
In popular culture[link]
Main article: Thomas Edison in popular culture
Thomas Edison has appeared in popular culture as a character in novels, films, comics and video games. His prolific inventing helped make him an icon and he has made appearances in popular culture during his lifetime down to the present day. His history with Nikola Tesla has also provided dramatic tension and is a theme returned to numerous times.
On February 11, 2011, on Thomas Edison's 164th birthday, Google's homepage featured an animated Google Doodle commemorating his many inventions. When the cursor was hovered over the doodle, a series of mechanisms seemed to move, causing a lightbulb to glow.[87]
See also[link]
 |
Book: Thomas Edison |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Animated Hero Classics – Animated DVD biography series of historical figures, including Thomas Edison
- John I. Beggs
- List of Edison patents
- List of people on stamps of Ireland
- Thomas Alva Edison Birthplace
- Thomas E. Murray
- Thomas Edison National Historical Park
- Phonomotor
- Joseph Swan
- Edison Pioneers
References[link]
- ^ Walsh, Bryan. "The Electrifying Edison." Web: Time July 5, 2010
- ^ National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL)
- ^ Baldwin, Neal (1995). Edison: Inventing the Century. Hyperion. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-7868-6041-8.
- ^ "Edison Family Album". US National Park Service. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.nps.gov/edis/home_family/fam_album.htm. Retrieved March 11, 2006.
- ^ "Edison" by Matthew Josephson. McGraw Hill, New York, 1959, ISBN 978-0-07-033046-7
- ^ "Edison: Inventing the Century" by Neil Baldwin, University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-03571-0
- ^ Josephson, p 18
- ^ a b
"Edison, Thomas Alva". The Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1918. - ^ "GE emerges world's largest company: Forbes". Trading Markets.com. April 10, 2009. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/2266720/. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ "GE emerges world's largest company: Forbes". Indian Express.com. April 9, 2009. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ge-emerges-worlds-largest-company-forbes/445093. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ Baldwin, page 37
- ^ Baldwin, pages 40–41
- ^ "U.S. Patent 90,646". Patimg1.uspto.gov. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=US000090646. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
- ^ The Edison Papers, Rutgers University. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
- ^ Baldwin 1995, p.60
- ^ Baldwin 1995, p.67
- ^ "Older Son To Sue To Void Edison Will; William, Second Child Of The Counsel". New York Times. October 31, 1931. "The will of Thomas A. Edison, filed in Newark last Thursday, which leaves the bulk of the inventor's $12 million estate to the sons of his second wife, was attacked as unfair yesterday by William L. Edison, second son of the first wife, who announced at the same time that he would sue to break it."
- ^ "The Life of Thomas Edison", American Memory, Library of Congress, Retrieved March 3, 2009.
- ^ "Thomas Edison’s First Wife May Have Died of a Morphine Overdose", Rutgers Today. Retrieved November 18, 2011
- ^ "Thomas Edison's Children". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. December 16, 2010 (2010-12-16). http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Thomas_Edison%27s_Children. Retrieved June 30, 2011 (2011-06-30).
- ^ "Madeleine Edison a Bride. Inventor's Daughter Married to J. E. Sloan by Mgr. Brann". New York Times. June 18, 1914, Thursday.
- ^ "Mrs. John Eyre Sloane Has a Son at the Harbor Sanitarium Here". New York Times. January 10, 1931, Saturday.
- ^ "Charles Edison, 78, Ex-Governor Of Jersey and U.S. Aide, Is Dead". New York Times. August 1969.
- ^ "Edison's Widow Very III". New York Times. August 21, 1947, Thursday.
- ^ "Rites for Mrs. Edison". New York Times. August 26, 1947, Tuesday.
- ^ Evans, Harold, "They Made America." Little, Brown and Company, New York, 2004. ISBN 978-0-316-27766-2. p. 152.
- ^ "Moses G. Farmer, Eliot's Inventor". Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060619234400/http://eliotmaine.org/mosespage.htm. Retrieved March 11, 2006.
- ^ a b Israel, Paul B. 1998. Edison: A life of invention. New York: John Wiley. 217–218
- ^ Israel, Paul B. 1998. Edison: A life of invention. New York: John Wiley. quoted page 217
- ^ Shulman, Seth (1999). Owning the Future. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 158–160.
- ^ "Real Labor", Time, Dec. 8, 1930. (retrieved Jan 10, 2008)
- ^ a b c d e f g Israel, Paul (2000). Edison: A Life of Invention. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-36270-8.
- ^ "Thomas Edison, Original Letters and Primary Source Documents". Shapell Manuscript Foundation. http://www.shapell.org/btl.aspx?2718806.
- ^ a b U.S. Patent 0,223,898
- ^ Flannery, L. G. (Pat) (1960). John Hunton's Diary, Volume 3. pp. 68, 69.
- ^ "Keynote Address – Second International ALN1 Conference (PDF)". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.sloan-c.org/conference/proceedings/1996/doc/96_gomory.doc.
- ^ "Lewis Howard Latimer". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/edis/forkids/the-gifted-men-who-worked-for-edison.htm. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
- ^ "Diehl's Lamp Hit Edison Monopoly," Elizabeth Daily Journal, Friday Evening, October 25, 1929
- ^ "About the Memory of a Theatre". National Theatre Brno. Archived from the original on January 19, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080119092027/http://www.ndbrno.cz/en/about-us/theatre-buildings/mahen-theatre/history-of-mahen-theatre/history-mt/. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Sculpture of three giant light bulbs: in memory of Thomas Alva Edison
- ^ A brief history of Con Edison:"Electricity"
- ^ "IMDB entry on Electrocuting an Elephant (1903)". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://imdb.com/title/tt0231523/. Retrieved March 11, 2006.
- ^ "Wired Magazine: "Jan. 4, 1903: Edison Fries an Elephant to Prove His Point"". January 4, 2008. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/dayintech_0104?. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
- ^ "Electrocution Thresholds for Humans". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.bassengineering.com/E_Effect.htm. Retrieved February 26, 2009.
- ^ Tony Long (January 4, 2008). "Jan. 4, 1903: Edison Fries an Elephant to Prove His Point". AlterNet. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/dayintech_0104. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
- ^ a b Lee, Jennifer (November 14, 2007). "Off Goes the Power Current Started by Thomas Edison". The New York Times Company. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/off-goes-the-power-current-started-by-thomas-edison/. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library: Edison fears the hidden perils of the x-rays. New York Worldb/, August 3, 1903, Durham, NC.
- ^ "The Thomas A. Edison Papers". Edison.rutgers.edu. Archived from the original on July 22, 2007. http://edison.rutgers.edu/. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ "Tesla – Master of Lightning:Coming to America". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_america.html. Retrieved March 11, 2006.
- ^ Jonnes, p110
- ^ New York Times. October 19, 1931.
- ^ "Quotations Page". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/35566.html.
- ^ "Tesla Says Edison was an Empiricist. Electrical Technician Declares Persistent Trials Attested Inventor's Vigor. 'His Method Inefficient' A Little Theory Would Have Saved Him 90% of Labor, Ex-Aide Asserts. Praises His Great Genius". New York Times. October 19, 1931. "Nikola Tesla, one of the world's outstanding electrical technicians, who came to America in 1884 to work with Thomas A. Edison, specifically in the designing of motors and generators, recounted yesterday some of ..."
- ^ "History of Edison Motion Pictures". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edmvhist.html. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
- ^ Leonard–Cushing fight Part of the Library of Congress/Inventing Entertainment educational website. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
- ^ "Martin Loiperdinger. Film & Schokolade. Stollwercks Geschäfte mit lebenden Bildern . KINtop Schriften Stroemfeld Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Basel 1999 ISBN 3-87877-764-7 (Buch) ISBN 3-87877-760-4 (Buch und Videocassette)". Victorian-cinema.net. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.victorian-cinema.net/stollwerck.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ a b "Guido Convents, Van Kinetoscoop tot Cafe-Cine de Eerste Jaren van de Film in Belgie, 1894–1908, pp. 33–69. Universitaire Pers Leuven. Leuven: 2000. Guido Convents, "'Edison's Kinetscope in Belgium, or, Scientists, Admirers, Businessmen, Industrialists and Crooks", pp. 249–258. in C. Dupré la Tour, A. Gaudreault, R. Pearson (Ed.) Cinema at the Turn of the Century. Québec, 1999". Imdb.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.imdb.com/company/co0111244/. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ "Thomas Edison". Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.sudburymuseums.ca/index.cfm?app=w_vmuseum&lang=en&currID=2031&parID=2029. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Rémi Fournier Lanzoni, French Cinema: From Its Beginnings to the Present, (2002)
- ^ Siegmund Lubin (1851–1923), Who's Who of Victorian Cinema. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
- ^ "History of Edison Motion Pictures: Early Edison Motion Picture Production (1892–1895)", Memory.loc.gov, Library of Congress. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
- ^ a b Reader's Digest, March 1930, pp. 1042–1044, "Living With a Genius", condensed from The American Magazine February 1930
- ^ "Edison Wears Silk Nightshirt, Hates Talkies, Writes Wife", Capital Times, October 30, 1930
- ^ Armbrester, Margaret E. (1992). The Civitan Story. Birmingham, AL: Ebsco Media. p. 34.
- ^ a b Holland, Kevin J. (2001). Classic American Railroad Terminals. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-0832-5.
- ^ "Thomas Edison Dies in Coma at 84; Family With Him as the End Comes; Inventor Succumbs at 3:24 A.M. After Fight for Life Since He Was Stricken on August 1. World-Wide Tribute Is Paid to Him as a Benefactor of Mankind". New York Times. October 18, 1931. "West Orange, New Jersey, Sunday, October 18, 1931. Thomas Alva Edison died at 3:24 o'clock this morning at his home, Glenmont, in the Llewellyn Park section of this city. The great inventor, the fruits of whose genius so magically transformed the everyday world, was 84 years and 8 months old."
- ^ Benoit, Tod (2003). Where are they buried? How did they die?. Black Dog & Leventhal. p. 560. ISBN 978-1-57912-678-0.
- ^ "Is Thomas Edison's last breath preserved in a test tube in the Henry Ford Museum?", The Straight Dope, September 11, 1987. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
- ^ ""No Immortality of the Soul" says Thomas A. Edison. In Fact, He Doesn't Believe There Is a Soul — Human Beings Only an Aggregate of Cells and the Brain Only a Wonderful Machine, Says Wizard of Electricity". New York Times. October 2, 1910, Sunday. "Thomas A. Edison in the following interview for the first time speaks to the public on the vital subjects of the human soul and immortality. It will be bound to be a most fascinating, an amazing statement, from one of the most notable and interesting men of the age ... Nature is what we know. We do not know the gods of religions. And nature is not kind, or merciful, or loving. If God made me — the fabled God of the three qualities of which I spoke: mercy, kindness, love — He also made the fish I catch and eat. And where do His mercy, kindness, and love for that fish come in? No; nature made us — nature did it all — not the gods of the religions."
- ^ Cited in Innovate Like Edison: The Success System of America's Greatest Inventor by Sarah Miller Caldicott, Michael J. Gelb, page 37.
- ^ Jonnes
- ^ Bellis, Mary. "Death, Money, and the History of the Electric Chair". About.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://inventors.about.com/od/hstartinventions/a/Electric_Chair.htm. Retrieved February 23, 2010. "On January 1, 1889, the world's first electrical execution law went into full effect. Westinghouse protested the decision and refused to sell any AC generators directly to prison authorities. Thomas Edison and Harold Brown provided the AC generators needed for the first working electric chairs. George Westinghouse funded the appeals for the first prisoners sentenced to death by electrocution, made on the grounds that "electrocution was cruel and unusual punishment." Edison and Brown both testified for the state that execution was a quick and painless form of death and the State of New York won the appeals."
- ^ "Edison Community College (Ohio)". Edison.cc.oh.us. http://www.edison.cc.oh.us/. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ Jason Klose The Edison Hotel: A Bright and Colorful History, Spring 2009 City of Sunbury Website
- ^ Thomas Edison National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
- ^ Menlo Park Museum, Tower-Restoration. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
- ^ Thomas Edison Depot. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
- ^ Edison Memorial Fountain at Buildings of Detroit. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
- ^ "Thomas A. Edison Patent Award". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. http://www.asme.org/Governance/Honors/SocietyAwards/Thomas_Edison_Patent_Award.cfm.
- ^ NNDB online website. The same decree awarded German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz with the designation of Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, as well as Alexander Graham Bell. The decree preamble cited "for services provided to the Congress and to the International Electrical Exhibition"
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kennelly, Arthur E. (1932). Biographical Memoir of Thomas Alva Edison. National Academy of Sciences. pp. 300–301. http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/tedison.pdf.
- ^ "Franklin Laureate Database - Edward Longstreth Medal 1899 Laureates". Franklin Institute. http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LONG+&sy=1898&ey=1900&name=Submit. Retrieved November 18, 2011 (2011-11-18).
- ^ "Great Floridian Program". http://www.flheritage.com/preservation/floridian/index.cfm. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Edison and Tesla To Get Nobel Prizes - View Article - NYTimes.com". New York Times. 1915-11-06. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F03E7D91239E333A25755C0A9679D946496D6CF. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ^ "Nikola Tesla". U-s-history.com. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1619.html. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ^ ThinkExist.com Quotations. "Nikola Tesla quotes". Thinkexist.com. http://thinkexist.com/quotation/if_edison_had_a_needle_to_find_in_a_haystack-he/346294.html. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ^ "Google Doodle: Feb 11, 2011 – Thomas Edison's Birthday". https://www.google.com/logos/logos11-1.html#logo-2011edison11-hp.
Bibliography[link]
- Albion, Michele Wehrwein. (2008). The Florida Life of Thomas Edison. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3259-7.
- Adams, Glen J. (2004). The Search for Thomas Edison's Boyhood Home. ISBN 978-1-4116-1361-4.
- Angel, Ernst (1926). Edison. Sein Leben und Erfinden. Berlin: Ernst Angel Verlag.
- Baldwin, Neil (2001). Edison: Inventing the Century. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-03571-0.
- Clark, Ronald William (1977). Edison: The man who made the future. London: Macdonald & Jane's: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 978-0-354-04093-8.
- Conot, Robert (1979). A Streak of Luck. New York: Seaview Books. ISBN 978-0-87223-521-2.
- Davis, L. J. (1998). Fleet Fire: Thomas Edison and the Pioneers of the Electric Revolution. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-47927-1.
- Essig, Mark (2004). Edison and the Electric Chair. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-3680-4.
- Essig, Mark (2003). Edison & the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death. New York: Walker & Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-1406-0.
- Israel, Paul (1998). Edison: a Life of Invention. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-52942-2.
- Jonnes, Jill (2003). Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50739-7.
- Josephson, Matthew (1959). Edison. McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-033046-7.
- Koenigsberg, Allen (1987). Edison Cylinder Records, 1889-1912. APM Press. ISBN 0-937612-07-3.
- Pretzer, William S. (ed). (1989). Working at Inventing: Thomas A. Edison and the Menlo Park Experience. Dearborn, Michigan: Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village. ISBN 978-0-933728-33-2.
- Stross, Randall E. (2007). The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World. Crown. ISBN 1-4000-4762-5.
External links[link]
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- Locations
- Menlo Park Museum and Edison Memorial Tower
- Thomas Edison National Historical Park (National Park Service)
- Edison exhibit and Menlo Park Laboratory at Henry Ford Museum
- Edison Museum
- Edison Depot Museum
- Edison Birthplace Museum
- Thomas Edison House
- Information and media
- Thomas Edison on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
- The Diary of Thomas Edison
- Works by Thomas Edison at Project Gutenberg
- Edison's patent application for the light bulb at the National Archives.
- Thomas Edison at the Internet Movie Database
- Jan. 4, 1903: Edison Fries an Elephant to Prove His Point – Wired article about Edison's "macabre form of a series of animal electrocutions using AC."
- The Invention Factory: Thomas Edison's Laboratories
- Edison, His Life and Inventions by Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin' at Project Gutenberg
- The short film "Story of Thomas Alva Edison" is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
- Rutgers: Edison Papers
- Edisonian Museum Antique Electrics
- "Edison's Miracle of Light"
- Edison Innovation Foundation – Non-profit foundation supporting the legacy of Thomas Edison.
- Thomas Alva Edison at Find a Grave
- The Illustrious Vagabonds
- "The World's Greatest Inventor", October 1931, Popular Mechanics detailed, illustrated article
- 14 minutes "instructional" film with fictional elements The boyhood of Thomas Edison from 1964, produced by Coronet, published by archive.org
- Booknotes interview with Neil Baldwin on Edison: Inventing the Century, March 19, 1995.
- Booknotes interview with Jill Jonnes on Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse and the Race to Electrify the World, October 26, 2003.
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Leon Trotsky |
Cover of Time magazine | Succeeded by Richard Swann Lull |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Edison, Thomas Alva |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American inventor and businessman |
| Date of birth | February 11, 1847 |
| Place of birth | Milan, Ohio, United States |
| Date of death | October 18, 1931 |
| Place of death | West Orange, New Jersey, United States |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
