Macarthur Fellows Program

A. E. Stallings
Alicia Elsbeth Stallings (born 1968) is an American poet and translator. She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow
Stallings was raised in Decatur, Georgia and studied classics at the University of Georgia (A.B., 1990) and University of Oxford. She is an editor with the Atlanta Review. In 1999, Stallings moved to Athens, Greece and has lived there ever since. She is the Poetry Program Director of the Athens Centre and is married to John Psaropoulos, who is the editor of the Athens News.
She is a frequent contributor of poems and essays to Poetry magazine. She has published two books of original verse, Archaic Smile (1999) and Hapax (2006). In 2007 she published a verse translation of Lucretius' De Rerum Natura (The Nature of Things).
Stallings' poetry uses traditional forms, and she has been associated with the New Formalism, although her approach to formal verse is flexible, and she freely uses metrical substitution. In a review for her book Archaic Smile, Able Muse, a formalist online poetry journal, noted that, "For all of Stallings’ formal virtuosity, few of her poems are strictly metrically regular. Indeed, one of the pleasant surprises of Archaic Smile is the number of superb poems in the gray zone between free and blank verse." Her work has been favorably compared to the poetry of Richard Wilbur and Edna St. Vincent Millay. In a review of her second book, Hapax, Peter Campion critically wrote that, "The meter and rhyme unfold elegantly, but at the expense of idiom," a criticism that is commonly aimed at the Formalist poets. On a positive note, Campion also states that, "[her best poems in the collection] match prosodic talent with intensely rendered feelings."

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A. R. Ammons
Archie Randolph Ammons (February 18, 1926 – February 25, 2001) was an American poet who won the annual National Book Award for Poetry in 1973 and 1993. He wrote about humanity's relationship to nature in alternately comic and solemn tones.
Ammons grew up on a tobacco farm near Whiteville, North Carolina, in the southeastern part of the state. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, stationed on board the U.S.S. Gunason, a battleship escort. After the war, Ammons attended Wake Forest University, majoring in biology.Graduating in 1949, he served as a principal and teacher at Hattaras Elementary School later that year and also married Phyllis Plumbo. He received an M.A. in English from the University of California, Berkeley.
In 1964, Ammons joined the faculty of Cornell University, eventually becoming Goldwin Smith Professor of English and Poet in Residence. He retired from Cornell in 1998.
Ammons had been a longtime resident of Northfield, New Jersey, and Millville, New Jersey, when he wrote Corsons Inlet in 1962.

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A.K. Ramanujan
Attipate Krishnaswami Ramanujan (Kannada: ಅತ್ತಿಪೇಟೆ ಕೃಷ್ಣಸ್ವಾಮಿ ರಾಮಾನುಜನ್) (Tamil: அத்திப்பட்டு கிருஷ்ணசுவாமி ராமானுஜன்) (March 16, 1929–July 13, 1993) also known as A. K. Ramanujan was a scholar of Indian literature who wrote in both English and Kannada. Ramanujan was a Indian poet, scholar and author, a philologist, folklorist, translator, poet and playwright. His academic research ranged across five languages: Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Sanskrit, and English. He published works on both classical and modern variants of these literature and also argued strongly for giving local, non-standard dialects their due.
He was born into an Iyengar(Brahmin) family in Mysore City on 16 March 1929. His father, Attipat Asuri Krishnaswami, a professor of mathematics at Mysore University and an astronomer, had a study crammed with books in English, Kannada. and Sanskrit. The house was alive with ideas. On summer nights, the children gathered on the third floor terrace while their father pointed out and explained the constellations. Sometimes at dinner, the children listened intently as their father translated for their mother the stories of Shakespeare and other Western classics into Tamil.

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Aaron Dworkin
Aaron Paul Dworkin (September 11, 1970) is an African American violinist, and music educator.
Aaron Paul Dworkin was born on September 11, 1970 in Monticello, New York to Vaughn and Audeen Moore, but they were forced to give their son up for adoption. When he was two weeks old, Barry and Susan Dworkin, who both were New York City College professors, with a specialization in neuroscience, adopted him. Barry and Susan had another son as well. Susan had been an amateur violinist before Aaron's adoption, and when he was about five, she began to play again. She would play Bach pieces and gave him an interest in playing. In Manhattan, he took lessons from Vladimir Graffman.
At age 10, his parents moved the family from Manhattan to Hershey, Pennsylvania because his parents got jobs at the Hershey Medical Center.
He attended the Peabody Institute and Philadelphia's New School of Music. By his teens, he was performing regularly with the Hershey Youth Orchestra and the Harrisburg Youth Symphony. For his junior and senior year of high school, he attended the Interlochen Arts Academy, after his parents convinced him he needed to change. He had been unhappy about attending his other high school due to some prejudice based on his race.

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Aaron Lansky
Aaron Lansky (born June 17, 1955) is the founder of the National Yiddish Book Center, an organization he created to help salvage Yiddish language publications. When he began saving books in the early 1980s, most experts believe that there were fewer than 70,000 Yiddish volumes extant. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1989 for his work.
He is also the author of Outwitting History (2004), an autobiographical account of how Lansky saved the Yiddish books of the world, from the 1970s to the present day. It won the 2005 Massachusetts Book Award.

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Aaron Shirley
Aaron Shirley is an American physician, Chairman of the Board for the Jackson Medical Mall Foundation, and an associate professor in pediatrics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He is a graduate of Tougaloo College and Meharry Medical College. He is married to Ollye Shirley; they have four children.
He is a member of the Institute of Medicine, and Citizens' Health Care Working Group.

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Ada Louise Huxtable
Ada Louise (Landman) Huxtable (born March 14, 1921, in New York, NY) is an architecture critic and writer on architecture. In 1970 she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "distinguished criticism during 1969."
Her father, Michael Landman, was co-author (with his brother, Rabbi Isaac Landman) of the play A Man of Honor.
Ada Louise Landman received an A. B. (magna cum laude) from Hunter College, CUNY in 1941. In 1942, she married industrial designer L. Garth Huxtable, and continued graduate study at New York University from 1942 to 1950. She served as Curatorial Assistant for Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from 1946 to 50. She was a contributing editor to Progressive Architecture and Art in America from 1950 to 1963 before being named the first architecture critic at The New York Times, a post she held from 1963 to 1982. She has received grants from the Graham Foundation for a number of projects, including the book Will They Ever Finish Bruckner Boulevard?.

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Adam Riess
Adam Guy Riess (born 16 December 1969) is an American astrophysicist at The Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute and is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
Riess was born in Washington, D.C., one of three children in a Jewish family. He grew up in Warren, New Jersey, where his father (a Naval engineer Michael Riess) owned a frozen-foods distribution company Bistro International and his mother (Doris Riess) worked as a clinical psychologist. Michael Riess (1931–2007) immigrated to the United States with his parents (journalist, war correspondent and author Curt Riess and Ilse Posnansky) from Germany on the ship SS Europa (1928) in 1936. Adam Riess has two sisters— Dr. Gail Michele Saltz, a psychiatrist, and Holly Hagerman, an artist.

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Adrienne Rich
Adrienne Cecile Rich (May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She was called "one of the most widely read and influential poets of the second half of the 20th century", and was credited with bringing "the oppression of women and lesbians to the forefront of poetic discourse."
Her first collection of poetry, A Change of World, was selected by the senior poet W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets Award; she went on to write the introduction to the published volume. Rich famously declined the National Medal of Arts, protesting the United States House of Representatives and Speaker Gingrich's vote to end funding for the National Endowment for the Arts.
Adrienne Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the older of two sisters. Her father, the renowned pathologist Arnold Rice Rich, was the Chairman of Pathology at The Johns Hopkins Medical School, and her mother, Helen Elizabeth (Jones) Rich, was a concert pianist (before she married) and a composer. Her father was from a Jewish family, and her mother was Southern Protestant; the girls were raised as Christians. Adrienne Rich's early poetic influence stemmed from her father who encouraged her to read but also to write her own poetry. Her interest in literature was sparked within her father's library where she read the work of writers such as Ibsen,Arnold, Blake, Keats, Rossetti, and Tennyson. Her father was ambitious for Adrienne and "planned to create a prodigy." Adrienne Rich and her younger sister were home schooled by their mother until Adrienne began public education in the fourth grade. The poems Sources and After Dark document her relationship with her father, describing how she worked hard to fulfill her parents' ambitions for her—moving into a world in which she was expected to excel.

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Alar Toomre
Alar Toomre is an Estonian-born astronomer and mathematician who immigrated to the United States in 1949. He is a professor of applied mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Toomre's research is focused on the dynamics of galaxies.
Toomre received an undergraduate degree in Aeronautical Engineering and Physics from MIT in 1957 and then studied at the University of Manchester on a Marshall Scholarship where he obtained a Ph.D. in fluid dynamics.
Toomre returned to MIT to teach after completing his Ph.D. and remained there for two years. After spending a year at Princeton University, he returned again to MIT as part of the faculty, where he stayed. Toomre was appointed an Associate Professor of Mathematics at MIT in 1965, and Professor in 1970.
In 1964 Toomre devised an instability criterion for differentially rotating disks now known as the Toomre instability. Alternatively, it may be expressed as Toomre's stability criterion which is usually measured with the parameter Q.

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Albert J. Libchaber
Albert J. Libchaber (born 23 October 1934, Paris) is a Detlev W. Bronk Professor at Rockefeller University. He won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1986.
Albert J. Libchaber graduated with a bachelor degree in mathematics from the University of Paris in 1956 and an Ingénieur des Telecommunications from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Telecommunications in 1958. He earned a master of science degree in physics from the University of Illinois in 1959 and his doctoral degree from the École Normale Supérieure in 1965.
Libchaber was a professor at the University of Chicago from 1983 to 1991. He left Chicago and became a professor of physics at Princeton University in 1991. In the same year, the NEC Research Institute in Princeton named him a fellow and, in 1993, he became the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor at Princeton. He joined the faculty at The Rockefeller University in 1994.
Professor Libchaber made a major contributions in experimental condensed matter physics.
He made the first experimental observation of the bifurcation cascade that leads to chaos and turbulence in convective Rayleigh–Bénard systems. Using microbolometers engraved in the convective cell he was able to observe temperature fluctuations without perturbing the environment. In that way, he clearly observed the bifurcations that lead to chaos: period doubling, possibly accompanied by locking of several incommensurate frequencies. The theoretical predictions of Mitchell Feigenbaum were thus entirely confirmed. His first work was done on 4He; later he used mercury, in which an applied magnetic field provides an additional degree of freedom. The experiment is so perfect that it can measure quantitatively the Feigenbaum critical exponents that characterize the cascade to chaos.

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Alexander L. George
Alexander L. George (May 31, 1920 Chicago - August 16, 2006) was an American behavioral scientist. He was the Graham H. Stuart Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Stanford University.
His parents were Assyrians from Urmia in north-west Iran. He earned undergraduate and graduate degrees at the University of Chicago, where he received his doctorate in political science in 1958.
He was the among the first to lead behavioral scientists into studying the "very painful and dangerous" issues of nuclear crisis management during the Cold War era and to carry knowledge directly to policy leaders, Hamburg said. George "focused a great deal of attention on reducing nuclear danger," he added. "I regard him as a truly great scholar and human being."

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Alfonso Ortiz
Alfonso Alex Ortiz (April 30, 1939 San Juan, New Mexico - September 27, 1998) was a Native-American cultural anthropologist.
He graduated from the University of New Mexico in 1961, and from the University of Chicago with a masters degree and a Ph.D. in anthropology. He taught at University of California at Los Angeles, Colorado College, Pitzer College and Princeton University, and at the University of New Mexico.
He was president of the Association on American Indian Affairs. His San Juan Pueblo, Oral History tapes and papers are held at Princeton.
In 1999, the National Endowment for the Humanities issued a grant for the University of New Mexico to establish the Alfonso Ortiz Center for Intercultural Studies.

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Alice Fulton
Alice Fulton is an American author of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction.
Fulton was born and raised in Troy, New York, the youngest of three daughters. Her father was the proprietor of the historic Phoenix Hotel, and her mother was a visiting nurse. She began writing poetry in high school. In 1979 she attended a women's poetry conference in Amherst, Mass., which she would later cite as a formative experience. While an undergraduate, she received competitive scholarships to study poetry with Thomas Lux at The Writers Community in New York City. In 1980 she married Hank De Leo and moved to Ithaca, New York, to study poetry under A.R. Ammons, Phyllis Janowitz, Kenneth McClane, and Robert Morgan in Cornell University's Creative Writing Program. While at Cornell, her first book was selected by W.D. Snodgrass for the Associated Writing Program's publication prize. After receiving her MFA, she was a fellow at The Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown. In 1983 Fulton moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, for a 3-year appointment as Fellow in the Michigan Society of Fellows.Mark Strand selected Fulton’s second book, Palladium, for publication in the 1985 National Poetry Series. In the interdisciplinary Society of Fellows she further developed her interest in using scientific metaphor and began her lifelong friendship with John H. Holland. She has often cited Holland's writing on Complex Adaptive Systems as being instrumental in the development of her theory on Fractal Poetics [see Fulton's prose collection]. It was also where she met the composers William Bolcom and Enid Sutherland. In 1991 Fulton was awarded a MacArthur "Genius Grant" Fellowship.

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Alisa Weilerstein
Alisa Weilerstein (born 1982 in Rochester, New York) is an American cellist. She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.
Weilerstein started playing the cello at age four. She made her debut at age 13 with the Cleveland Orchestra playing Tchaikovsky's Variations on a Rococo Theme. As a soloist she has performed with a number of other major orchestras on four continents. She also is active in chamber music and performs with her parents, violinist Donald Weilerstein (the first violinist of the Cleveland Quartet) and pianist Vivian Hornik Weilerstein, as the Weilerstein Trio. The trio currently resides at the New England Conservatory in Boston. Her brother is the violinist and conductor Joshua Weilerstein (born in 1987).
A champion of contemporary music, Weilerstein has worked extensively with composers Osvaldo Golijov and Lera Auerbach, as well as with Philadelphia composer Joseph Hallman. She performed the New York premiere of Golijov's Cello Concerto "Azul" at Lincoln Center's Mostly Mozart Festival, the world premiere of Auerbach's 24 Preludes for Cello and Piano at the Caramoor International Music Festival, Auerbach's transcription of Shostakovich Op. 34 for Cello and Piano at the Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival, and Hallman's Cello Concerto with the St. Petersburg Chamber Orchestra.

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Allan Berube
Allan Ronald Bérubé (December 3, 1946 – December 11, 2007) was an American historian, activist, independent scholar, self-described "community-based" researcher and college drop-out, and award-winning author, best known for his research and writing about homosexual members of the American Armed Forces during World War II. He also wrote essays about the intersection of class and race in gay culture, and about growing up in a poor, working class family, his French-Canadian roots, and about his experience of anti-AIDS activism.
Among Bérubé's published works was the 1990 book Coming Out Under Fire, which examined the stories of gay men and women in the U.S. military between 1941 and 1945. The book used interviews with gay veterans, government documents, and other sources to discuss the social and political issues that faced over 9,000 servicemen and women during World War II. The book earned Bérubé the Lambda Literary Award for outstanding Gay Men's Nonfiction book of 1990 and was later adapted as a film in 1994, narrated by Salome Jens and Max Cole, with a screenplay by Bérubé and the film's director, Arthur Dong. The film received a Peabody Award for excellence in documentary media in 1995. Bérubé received a MacArthur Fellowship (often called the "genius grant") from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation in 1996. He received a Rockefeller grant from the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies in 1994 to research a book on the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union, and he was working on this book at the time of his death.

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Allan C. Wilson
Allan Charles Wilson (18 October 1934 – 21 July 1991) was a pioneer in the use of molecular approaches to understand evolutionary change and reconstruct phylogenies, and a contributor to the study of human evolution. He was one of the most controversial figures in post-war biology; his work attracted a great deal of attention both from within and outside the academic world. He is the only New Zealander to win the MacArthur Fellowship.
Allan Wilson was born in Ngaruawahia, New Zealand, and raised on a farm at Helvetia, Pukekohe. He attended King's College in Auckland and excelled in maths and chemistry. After school he gained a BSc from the University of Otago. It was here as a Masters student that Wilson met Professor C.P. 'Mac' McMeekan, a New Zealand pioneer in animal science. He suggested that Wilson further his study in biochemistry instead of genetics.
In 1955 Wilson was invited to do his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley. At the time the family thought Allan would only be gone two years; instead he stayed at Berkeley for 35 years, gaining his PhD in 1961 under the direction of Arthur Pardee, and setting up one of the world's most creative biochemistry labs.

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Allen Grossman

Allen Grossman is a noted American poet, critic and professor.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1932, Grossman was educated at Harvard University, graduating with an MA in 1956 after several interruptions. He went on to receive a PhD from Brandeis University in 1960, where he remained a professor until 1991. In 1991 he became the Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at The Johns Hopkins University where until 2005 he taught in the English Department, primarily focusing on poetry and poetics. He is now retired from teaching but continues to write.
Grossman's first marriage ended in divorce; he is currently married to novelist Judith Grossman. His children are Jonathan Grossman and Adam Grossman from the first marriage, and Bathsheba Grossman, Austin Grossman, and Lev Grossman from the second.
On November 11, 2006, on the occasion of his retirement, several friends, colleagues and students of Grossman held a joint reading in his honor. These included Michael Fried, Susan Howe, Ha Jin, Mark Halliday, Breyten Breytenbach, Susan Stewart, and Frank Bidart. The event culminated with a reading by Grossman of poetry from his latest book of poems, Descartes' Loneliness.

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Allison Anders
Allison Anders (born November 16, 1954) is an American film and television director. Anders has directed many independent films, on which she frequently collaborates with fellow UCLA film school graduate Kurt Voss.
According to an article in Creative a series of adventures that often ended in jails and foster homes—experiences she credits with giving her raw inspiration for her cinematic portraits of rural Americans." At eighteen, she moved to England, then returned to Los Angeles to raise her first child. She attended the UCLA School of Theater Film and Television and was granted a Nicholl Fellowship by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Her screenplay "Lost Highway" (unrelated to the David Lynch film of the same title) also earned her a Samuel Goldwyn Writing Award.
Her first film effort co-written and co-directed by Kurt Voss and Dean Lent was the punk music-heavy Border Radio, which was nominated for Best Feature of 1989 by the Independent Feature Project. Anders followed up with her popular 1992 film Gas Food Lodging, for which she won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best New Director, and for which actress Fairuza Balk won an Independent Spirit Award. The film received five Spirit Award nominations including Best Director and Best Screenplay. Gas Food Lodging also won the Deauville Film Festival Critics Award. The film was also nominated for the Golden Bear at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival.

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Alma Guillermoprieto

Alma Guillermoprieto (born May 27, 1949) is a Mexican journalist who has written extensively about Latin America for the British and American press. Her writings have also been widely disseminated within the Spanish-speaking world.
Guillermoprieto was born and grew up in Mexico City. In her teens, she moved to New York City with her mother where she studied modern dance for several years. From 1962 until 1973, she was a professional dancer.
Her first book, Samba (1990), was an account of a season studying at a samba school in Rio de Janeiro.
In the mid-1970s, she started her career as a journalist for The Guardian, moving later to the Washington Post. In January, 1982, Guillermoprieto, then based in Mexico City, was one of two journalists (the other was Raymond Bonner of The New York Times) who broke the story of the El Mozote massacre in which some 900 villagers at El Mozote, El Salvador, were slaughtered by the Salvadoran army in December, 1981. With great hardship and at great personal risk, she was smuggled by FMLN rebels to visit the site approximately a month after the massacre took place. When the story broke simultaneously in the Post and Times on January 27, 1982, it was dismissed as propaganda by the Reagan administration. Subsequently, however, the details of the massacre as first reported by Guillermoprieto and Bonner were verified, with widespread repercussions.

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Alvin Bronstein
Alvin J. Bronstein is an American lawyer, and founder and Director Emeritus of the National Prison Project of the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation. According to his ACLU biography, 'he has argued numerous prisoners’ rights cases in federal trial and appellate courts as well as the Supreme Court of the United States. He has been a consultant to state and federal correctional agencies, has appeared as an expert witness on numerous occasions and has edited or authored books and articles on human rights and corrections.'
He began his career working in the American South during the Civil Rights Movement, becoming the Chief Staff Counsel of the Lawyers’ Constitutional Defense Committee from 1964 to 1968 in Jackson, Mississippi. He litigated civil rights cases during that time in Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana, and represented the major civil rights organizations in the South. He was a Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, from 1969 to 1971. He was Pace Law School’s Practitioner-in-Residence in 2009.

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Amalia Mesa-Bains
Amalia Mesa-Bains (b. July 10, 1943), born in Santa Clara, California, is a psychologist, curator, author and artist. She received a B.A. in painting from San Jose State University before earning a M.A. in interdisciplinary education from San Francisco State University and a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the Wright Institute in Berkeley, California, and worked for the San Francisco Unified School District as a psychologist. During the period between 1965–1985 she was the regional committee chair (Northern California) for the exhibition Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation. She has written Ceremony of Spirit: Nature and Memory in Contemporary Latino Art.
In 1989 she received the San Francisco Mission Cultural Center's Award of Honor, Association of American Cultures' Artist Award and the Chicana Foundation of Northern California's Distinguished Working Women Award in 1990, INTAR-Hispanic Arts Center's Golden Palm Award in 1991, and the MacArthur Fellowship award in 1992.
Mesa-Bains's first exhibit was at the 1967 Phelan Awards show that took place in the Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco. She began creating altar installations in 1975. Her artistic work is often autobiographical, relating to her Mexican Catholic heritage. Although these works take the form of an altar, they are not specifically intended for religious use. According to Kristin G. Congdon and Kara Kelley Hallmark, authors of Artists from Latin American Cultures: A Biographical Dictionary, "Mesa-Bains's altars often honor women who have broken social barriers." Using techniques related to found art, Mesa-Bains has incorporated "dried leaves, rocks, pre-Columbian ceramic fragments" and other unusual materials to construct artworks such as her 1987 work Grotto of the Virgins, which is dedicated to painter Frida Kahlo (1907–1954), actor Dolores del Río (1905–1983), and to the artist's grandmother.

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Aminah Robinson
Aminah Brenda Lynn Robinson (born February 18, 1940, Columbus, Ohio) is an American artist.
She graduated from the Columbus Art School cum laude in 1960, studying at Ohio State University, Franklin University, and Bliss College.
She has shown at the Columbus Museum of Art, the Tacoma Art Museum, and the Brooklyn Museum.

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Amory Lovins
Amory Bloch Lovins (born November 13, 1947) is an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. Harvard University-educated, he was named by Time magazine one of the World's 100 most influential people in 2009.
Lovins worked professionally as an environmentalist in the 1970s and since then as an analyst of a "soft energy path" for the United States and other nations. He has promoted energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, and the generation of energy at or near the site where the energy is actually used. Lovins has also advocated a "negawatt revolution" arguing that utility customers don’t want kilowatt-hours of electricity; they want energy services. In the 1990s, his work with Rocky Mountain Institute included the design of an ultra-efficient automobile, the Hypercar.
Lovins has received ten honorary doctorates and won many awards. He has provided expert testimony in eight countries, briefed 19 heads of state, and published 29 books. These books include Reinventing Fire, Winning the Oil Endgame, Small is Profitable, and Natural Capitalism.

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Amy B. Smith
Amy Smith is an American inventor, educator, and founder of D-Lab at MIT. She works to develop technologies and build creative capacity internationally.
Amy Smith was born in Lexington, Massachusetts. Smith's father, Arthur Smith, was an electrical engineering professor at MIT. Arthur Smith took his family to India for a year when Amy was growing up while he worked at a university there. "I think that set a lot of things in motion for her. It's very different from growing up in a Boston suburb", he said. Smith says that being exposed to severe poverty as a child made her want to do something to help kids around the world. "Living in India is something that stayed with me—I could put faces on the kids who had so little money."
Smith received her Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1984. Smith returned to MIT after the Peace Corps to get her master's degree in mechanical engineering.
Smith joined the Peace Corps serving four years as a volunteer in Botswana. During her Peace Corps service she was struck by the fact that "the most needy are often the least empowered to invent solutions to their problems." While she was serving in the middle of the Kalahari Desert, she decided what she wanted to do with the rest of her life. "At one point I had sort of an epiphany, sitting at my desk looking out over the bush, when I realized I wanted to do engineering for developing countries", Smith said. "In Botswana, I was teaching and then working for the ministry of agriculture as a beekeeper, and I remember thinking to myself that I really liked doing development work, but I wished could do some engineering too, because I like creative problem solving", says Smith. "People in the developing world scrape every last ounce of life that they can out of objects, and my students used to bring me things to fix, and I always enjoyed being able to do that."

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Amy Rosenzweig
Amy C. Rosenzweig is an American biochemist, professor of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, at Northwestern University, and Principal Investigator at the Rosenzweig Lab.
She graduated from Amherst College with a B.A. in 1988, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in 1994. She cofounded Amherst’s women’s ice hockey team.

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Anders Winroth
Anders Winroth (born 1965 in Ludvika in Sweden) is a professor of medieval history at Yale University.
After graduation from Stockholm University, Winroth did his master's and doctoral studies at Columbia University under Robert Somerville. He worked on the Decretum of Gratian and discovered that the original version, the so-called "first recension," was only about half the size of the commonly known text. Winroth also has a strong interest in Swedish genealogy.
Winroth was a 2003 MacArthur Fellow.

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Andre Dubus
Andre Dubus, II (August 11, 1936 - February 24, 1999) was an American short story writer, essayist, and autobiographer.
Andre Dubus was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana, the youngest child of a Cajun-Irish Catholic family. His two elder siblings are Kathryn and Beth. His surname is pronounced "Duh-BYOOSE", with the accent on the second syllable to rhyme with the noun "excuse." Dubus grew up in the Bayou country in Lafayette, Louisiana, and was educated by the Christian Brothers, a Catholic religious order that emphasized literature and writing. Dubus graduated from nearby McNeese State College in 1958 as a journalism and English major. Dubus then spent six years in the Marine Corps, eventually rising to the rank of captain. At this time he married his first wife and started a family. After leaving the Marine Corps, Dubus moved with his wife and four children to Iowa City, where he later graduated from the University of Iowa's Iowa Writers' Workshop with an MFA in creative writing, studying under Richard Yates. He admired Hemingway, Chekhov, and Cheever.

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Andrea Barrett
Andrea Barrett (born November 16, 1954) is an American novelist and short story writer. Her collection Ship Fever won the 1996 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. She received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2001, and her book Servants of the Map was a finalist for the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
Barrett was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She earned a B.A. in biology from Union College and briefly attended a Ph.D. program in zoology.
Barrett began writing fiction seriously in her thirties, but was relatively unknown until the publication of Ship Fever, a collection of novella and short stories that won the National Book Award in 1996.
Barrett is particularly well known as a writer of historical fiction. Her work reflects her lifelong interest in science, and women in science. Many of her characters are scientists, often 19th-century biologists.
Barrett teaches at Williams College in Massachusetts and in the Warren Wilson College MFA Program for Writers in North Carolina. She was a fellow at the Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library. She lives in North Adams, Massachusetts.

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Andrea Ghez
Andrea Mia Ghez (born June 16, 1965) is an American astronomer and professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCLA. She received a BS in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1987 and her Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology in 1992. In 2004, Discover magazine listed Ghez as one of the top 20 scientists in the United States who have shown a high degree of understanding in their respective fields.
Her current research involves using high spatial resolution imaging techniques, such as the adaptive optics system at the Keck telescopes, to study star-forming regions and the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy known as Sagittarius A*. She uses the kinematics of stars near the center of the galaxy as a probe to investigate this region. The high resolution of the Keck telescopes gave a significant improvement over the first major study of galactic center kinematics by Reinhard Genzel's group.
In 2004, Ghez was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. She's appeared in a long list of notable media presentations. The documentaries have been produced by organizations such as BBC, Discovery Channel, and The History Channel; in 2006 there was a presentation on Nova.

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Andrew McGuire
Andrew McGuire (born in 1945 in Oakland, California) is an American trauma prevention specialist and grassroots campaigner. He was the first Executive Director of Action Against Burns (Boston, 1973–75), founder and Executive Director of the Burn Council (San Francisco General Hospital, 1975–1981), which was renamed the Trauma Foundation, in 1981. He is currently the Executive Director of California OneCare, a campaign to establish a "Medicare for All" type health insurance for all residents of California.
He was severely burned as a seven-year-old child when his pajamas ignited while standing next to a kitchen stove. He began his injury prevention work in 1973, where he developed and was the first Executive Director of Action Against Burns, which helped establish a state fire resistance standard for pajamas (sizes 7-14) that helped eliminate pajama-related burn injuries to children. The Massachusetts state standard was adopted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission as a federal standard in mid 1975. And, in 1973, he established one of the first self help groups for burn survivors in the U.S. After he returned to California in 1975, and established the Burn Council, he initiated an international campaign for self-extinguishing cigarettes (also known as Fire Safe Cigarettes). The Campaign for Fire Safe Cigarettes was officially launched on May 24, 1979. As of April, 2010, all 50 states in the U.S. have passed identical laws mandating Fire Safe Cigarettes. The exact same mandating regulations are in effect in Canada, Finland, South Africa, Australia, Russia, and all 27 countries of the European Union, among other countries. Initial results in the U.S. show up to a 75% reduction in fires, fire deaths and injuries due to the mandatory sale of fire safe cigarettes.

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Andrew W. Lewis
Andrew W. Lewis is an American historian and professor at Missouri State University. His special areas of interest are medieval Europe and the Renaissance.

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Andrew Wiles
Sir Andrew John Wiles, KBE, FRS (born 11 April 1953) is a British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University, specializing in number theory. He is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem.
Wiles is the son of Maurice Frank Wiles (1923–2005), the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford and Patricia Wiles (née Mowll). His father worked as the Chaplain at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, for the years 1952–55. Wiles was born in Cambridge, England, in 1953, and he attended King's College School, Cambridge, and The Leys School, Cambridge.
Wiles discovered Fermat's Last Theorem on his way home from school when he was 10 years old. He stopped by his local library where he found a book about the theorem. Puzzled by the fact that the statement of the theorem was so easy that he, a ten-year old, could understand it, he decided to be the first person to prove it. However, he soon realized that his knowledge of mathematics was too small, so he abandoned his childhood dream, until 1986, when he heard that Ribet had proved Serre's ε-conjecture and therefore established a link between Fermat's Last Theorem and the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture.

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Angela Belcher
Angela M. Belcher is a materials scientist, biological engineer, and W.M. Keck Professor of Energy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. She is director of the Biomolecular Materials Group at MIT and a 2004 MacArthur Fellow.
Belcher grew up in San Antonio, Texas. She attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she received her Bachelor's degree from the College of Creative Studies in 1991 and her Ph.D. in chemistry in 1997.
After studying abalone shells, she worked with several colleagues at MIT and engineered a virus, known as the M13 bacteriophage whose target is usually Escherichia coli. M13 can be made to latch onto and coat itself with inorganic materials including gold and cobalt oxide. The long tubular virus (coated in cobalt oxide) now acts as a minuscule length of wire called a nanowire. Belcher's group coaxed many of these nanowires together and found that they resemble the basic components of a potentially very powerful and compact battery. In 2002 she founded Cambrios with Evelyn L. Hu of Harvard University. Their vision relied upon the use of nanostructured inorganic materials, fabricated and shaped by biological molecules to create novel materials and processes for a variety of industries.

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Ann Ellis Hanson
Ann Ellis Hanson is an American historian, and senior research scholar at the Papyrological Institute at Yale University.

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Ann Lauterbach
Ann Lauterbach (born 1942) is an American poet, essayist, and professor. Her most recent poetry collection is Or to Begin Again (Penguin Books, 2009), a 2009 National Book Award finalist. Her other honors include fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Ingram Merrill Foundation, the John D. and Catherine C. MacArthur Foundation, and the New York State Foundation for the Arts. Her poems have been published in literary journals and magazines including Conjunctions, and in anthologies including American Hybrid: A Norton Anthology of New Poetry (W.W. Norton, 2009) and American Women Poets in the 21st Century: Where Lyric Meets Language (Wesleyan University Press, 2002).
Lauterbach was born and raised in New York City, and earned her B.A. from the University of Wisconsin. She lived in London for eight years, working in publishing and for art institutions. On her return to the U.S., she worked in art galleries in New York before she began teaching. She has taught at Brooklyn College, Columbia University, the Iowa Writers Workshop, Princeton University, and at the City College of New York and Graduate Center of CUNY. Since 1991 she has taught at Bard College, and is currently a David and Ruth Schwab II Professor of Language and Literature there, where she teaches and co-directs the Writing Division of the M.F.A. program, and lives in Germantown, New York.

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Ann M. Blair
Ann M. Blair is an American historian, and Henry Charles Lea Professor of History at Harvard University.

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Anna Schuleit
Anna Schuleit (born in 1974, in Mainz, Germany) is a visual artist who lives and works in the United States. She attended high school in the United States at Northfield Mount Hermon School before pursuing painting at the Rhode Island School of Design where she received her B.F.A. in 1998, and creative writing / book arts at Dartmouth College (M.A. in 2005).
Her work has been featured in exhibitions at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; the University of Massachusetts Amherst; Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine; the Brattleboro Museum & Art Center; The Matzo Files, New York; the Mousonturm, Frankfurt, Germany; and the Carpenter Center at Harvard University, among others.
She has been a fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, the RISD European Honors Program in Rome, the MacDowell Colony, Yaddo, Blue Mountain Center, the Banff Center, and Bogliasco.
In 2006 Schuleit was named a MacArthur Fellow for work that has "conceptual clarity, compassion, and beauty".

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Anne Carson
Anne Carson (born June 21, 1950) is a Canadian poet, essayist, translator and professor of Classics. Carson lived in Montreal for several years and taught at McGill University, the University of Michigan, and at Princeton University from 1980-1987. She was a 1998 Guggenheim Fellow. and in 2000 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. She has also won a Lannan Literary Award.
Though distinguished, Carson's academic training did not run a straight path. The fascination with classical literature which dominates her work began to take root in high school. There, a Latin instructor introduced her to the world and language of Ancient Greece and tutored the future poet privately. Enrolling at St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto, she left twice—at the end of her first and second years. Carson, disconcerted by curricular constraints (particularly by a required course on Milton), retired to the world of graphic arts for a short time. She did eventually return to the University of Toronto where she completed her B.A. in 1974, her M.A. in 1975 and her Ph.D. in 1981. She also spent a year studying Greek metrics and Greek textual criticism at the University of St Andrews.

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Annette Gordon-Reed
Annette Gordon-Reed (born November 19, 1958) is an American historian and law professor noted for changing scholarship on Thomas Jefferson regarding his relationship with Sally Hemings and children by her.
Gordon-Reed was educated at Dartmouth College and Harvard Law School. She is Professor of Law and History at Harvard, and the Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History and 15 other prizes in 2009 for her work on the Hemings family of Monticello, and in 2010 she received the National Humanities Medal and was named a MacArthur Fellow.
Gordon-Reed was born November 19, 1958 in Livingston, Texas to Bettye Jean Gordon and Alfred Gordon. She became interested in Thomas Jefferson as a student in elementary school. She graduated from Dartmouth College in 1981 and from Harvard Law School in 1984, where she was a member of the Harvard Law Review.
Annette Gordon-Reed is married to Robert Reed, a civil court judge in the Bronx, whom she met while at Harvard Law School. She lives on the Upper West Side of New York with her husband and two children, Gordon and Susan.

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Anthony Amsterdam
Anthony G. Amsterdam (born 1935) is an American lawyer and Professor of Law at New York University School of Law.
Working with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Amsterdam argued and won Furman v. Georgia in 1972, in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. He sits on the board of directors of the Death Penalty Information Center.
Amsterdam also wrote one of the most influential papers on the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977.

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Anthony Braxton
Anthony Braxton (born June 4, 1945) is an American composer, saxophonist, clarinettist, flautist, pianist, and philosopher. Braxton has released well over 100 albums since the 1960s. Among the array of instruments he plays are the flute; the sopranino, soprano, C-melody, F mezzo-soprano, E-flat alto, baritone, bass, and contrabass saxophones; and the E-flat, B-flat, and contrabass clarinets.
Braxton studied philosophy at Roosevelt University. He has taught at Mills College and as of 2012 is Professor of Music at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, teaching music composition, music history, and improvisation.
Early in his career, Braxton led a trio with violinist Leroy Jenkins and trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith and was involved with The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians, the "AACM", founded in Chicago, Braxton's birthplace.
In 1968, Braxton recorded the double LP For Alto. There had been occasional unaccompanied saxophone recordings previously (notably Coleman Hawkins' "Picasso"), but For Alto was the first full-length album for unaccompanied saxophone. The album's songs were dedicated to Cecil Taylor and John Cage, among others. The album influenced other artists like Steve Lacy (soprano sax) and George Lewis (trombone), who would go on to record their own acclaimed solo albums.

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Arnold J. Mandell
Arnold J. Mandell is an American neuroscientist and psychiatrist. He received his M.D. from Tulane Universiry in 1958. Founding chairman in 1969 of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, he was, at the time of his appointment, the youngest physician ever appointed as a chairman of a medical school psychiatry program in the U.S. An early biological psychiatrist, the department was the first in the U.S. to be biologically oriented. After leaving UCSD, he has been involved in studying the basic science and applied mathematics of brain activity and behavior.
He is the Director of Research of the Cielo Institute., a clinical professor of psychiatry at Emory University., a Research Professor of Health and Wellness at University of North Carolina, Asheville, Professor of Psychiatry at University of California, La Jolla, Visiting Scientist at the Core MEG Lab at NIH, and a Senior Research Associate at Scripps Research Institute.

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Arnold Rampersad
Arnold Rampersad (born 13 November 1941) is an American biographer and literary critic born in Trinidad and Tobago. The first volume (1986) of his Life Of Langston Hughes was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and his Ralph Ellison: A Biography was a finalist for the 2007 National Book Award.
Rampersad is currently Professor of English and the Sara Hart Kimball Professor in the Humanities at Stanford University. He was Senior Associate Dean for the Humanities from January 2004 to August 2006. As Senior Associate Dean, he was responsible for the full array of departments in the humanities, including Art & Art History, Asian Languages, Classics, Comparative Literature, Drama, French and Italian, German Studies, Linguistics, Music, Philosophy, Religious Studies, Slavic Languages and Literature, and Spanish and Portuguese.*
Professor Rampersad was a member of the Stanford English Department from 1974 to 1983, before accepting a position at Rutgers University. Since then he taught there and at Columbia and Princeton before returning to Stanford in 1998.

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Arthur Winfree
Arthur Taylor Winfree (May 15, 1942 - November 5, 2002) was a theoretical biologist at the University of Arizona. He was born in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States.
Winfree was noted for his work on the mathematical modeling of biological phenomena: from cardiac arrhythmia and circadian rhythms to the self-organization of slime mold colonies and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Winfree was a MacArthur Fellow from 1984 to 1989 and shared the 2000 Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics with Alexandre Chorin.
He was the father of Erik Winfree, another MacArthur Fellow and currently a professor at the California Institute of Technology, and Rachael Winfree, currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Entomology at Rutgers University.
1965 Bachelor of Engineering Physics, Cornell University
1970 Ph.D., Biology, Princeton University
1969-1972 Assistant Professor, University of Chicago
1972-1979 Associate Professor of Biological Sciences, Purdue University
1979-1986 Professor of Biological Sciences, Purdue University

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Atul Gawande
Atul Gawande (born on November 5, 1965 in Brooklyn, NY) is an American physician and journalist. He is known in the public arena as an expert on reducing error, improving safety, and increasing efficiency in surgery. He serves as a general and endocrine surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts and associate director of their Center for Surgery and Public Health. He is also an associate professor at the Harvard School of Public Health and an associate professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School. He has written extensively on medicine and public health for The New Yorker and Slate and is the author of the books Complications, Better, and The Checklist Manifesto.
Gawande was born in Brooklyn, New York to Indian Maharashtrian immigrants to the United States, both doctors. The family soon moved to Athens, Ohio, where he and his sister grew up. He obtained an undergraduate degree from Stanford University in 1987, was a Rhodes scholar (earning a degree in Philosophy, Politics & Economics from Balliol College, Oxford in 1989), and later graduated from Harvard Medical School. He also has a Master of Public Health degree from the Harvard School of Public Health.

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Avner Greif
Avner Greif (born 1955) is an economics professor at Stanford University, Stanford, California. He holds a chaired professorship as Bowman Family Professor in the Humanities and Sciences.
Grief received his Ph.D in Economics at Northwestern University, 1989 and started his career at Stanford University in 1989 until he received tenure in 1994. In 1998 he received a 'genius grant' from the MacArthur Foundation. His works deal with economic history and role of institutions in economic development, including analysis of trade in medieval Europe and Levant.
He specializes in the study of the social institutions that support economic development, and their history, incorporating game theory into his approach to this large subject. Greif is on the board of trustees of the International Society of New Institutional Economics.
One of his latest works is Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (ISBN 0-521-67134-5). The introduction to this book is available online here. This book is novel in the use of game theory approach to the study of institutional economics.

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Ayesha Jalal
Ayesha Jalal (Urdu: عائشہ جلال) is a Pakistani-American sociologist and historian. She is the Mary Richardson Professor of History at Tufts University and a 1998 MacArthur Fellow. The bulk of her work deals with the creation of Muslim identities in modern South Asia.
Ayesha Jalal was born in Lahore in Pakistan to Hamid Jalal, a senior Pakistani civil servant, a niece of the renowned Urdu fiction writer Saadat Hasan Manto . She came to New York at the age of 16 when her father was posted at the United Nations. She is married to Indian historian Sugata Bose who teaches at Harvard.
She obtained her BA, majoring in History and Political Science, from Wellesley College, USA, and her doctorate in history from Trinity College at University of Cambridge, where she wrote her Ph.D. dissertation: 'Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan'.
Ayesha Jalal has been Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge (1980–84), Leverhulme Fellow at the Center of South Asian Studies, Cambridge (1984–87), Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, DC (1985–86) and Academy Scholar at the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies(1988–90). She has taught at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Tufts University, Columbia University, Harvard University and Lahore University of Management Sciences.

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Baldemar Velasquez
Baldemar Velásquez (born February 15, 1947) is an American labor union activist. He co-founded and is president of the Farm Labor Organizing Committee, AFL-CIO. He was named a MacArthur Fellow (the so-called "Genius Grant") in 1989, and awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle in 1994, the highest honor Mexico can bestow on a non-citizen.
Velásquez was born in February 1947 in Pharr, Texas. He was the third of nine children born to Cresencio and Vicenta Castillo Velásquez. Baldemar's father was born into a Mexican American family in Driscoll, Texas. His grandfather died when Cresencio was just 11 years old, forcing the young Cresencio to seek employment as a migrant worker. Baldemar's maternal grandparents fled to Pharr in 1910 after the Mexican Revolution, and his mother, Vicenta, was born there in 1920. His parents worked as migrant farm produce pickers in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Texas. Baldemar Velásquez later said that his parents instilled in him a strong work ethic and a pasion for social justice linked to the Christian faith.

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Barbara Block
Barbara Block is an American marine biologist, and Charles & Elizabeth Prothro Professor in Marine Sciences Evolutionary, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, at Stanford University.
She has established the Tuna Research and Conservation Center, with the Monterey Bay Aquarium.

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Barbara Fields
Barbara Jeanne Fields (born Charleston, South Carolina) is a professor of American history at Columbia University. Her focus is on the history of the American South, 19th century social history, and the transition to capitalism in the United States.
She was raised in Washington, D.C., where she attended Morgan Elementary School, Banneker Junior High School, and Western High School. She received her B.A. from Harvard University in 1968, and her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1978. At Yale, she was one of the last doctoral students of C. Vann Woodward, one of the preeminent American historians of the twentieth century. She made a notable appearance in Ken Burns' documentary series, The Civil War.
Fields was the first African American woman to receive tenure at Columbia University. She has also taught at Northwestern University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Mississippi. She is currently at work on a book tentatively entitled Humane Letters: Writing in English about Human Affairs, as well as a study of slavery and emancipation in the Americas.

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Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992), the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics. The field remained the focus of her research for the rest of her career. From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize. Her work was groundbreaking: she developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas, including genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information. She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome with physical traits, and demonstrated the role of the telomere and centromere, regions of the chromosome that are important in the conservation of genetic information. She was recognized amongst the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944.

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Beaumont Newhall
Beaumont Newhall (June 22, 1908 – February 26, 1993) was an influential curator, art historian, writer, and photographer. His The History of Photography remains one of the most significant accounts in the field and has become a classic photo history textbook. Newhall was the recipient of numerous awards and accolades for his accomplishments in the study of photo history.
Beaumont Newhall was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on June 22, 1908. Some of his earliest childhood memories revolved around photography. He recalled watching his mother in her darkroom as she developed her own glass plate images as well as dipping his fingers into the chemical trays to see what they tasted like.
Although Newhall wanted to study film and photography in college, the subjects were not being taught as separate disciplines when he enrolled at Harvard University. Instead, he chose to study art history and museum studies.
While at Harvard, Newhall was greatly influenced by his instructor Paul J. Sachs. In 1931, after receiving his Master's Degree from Harvard, Sachs helped Newhall obtain a position as lecturer at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia.

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Ben Katchor
Ben Katchor (b. 1951) is an American cartoonist best known for his comic strip Julius Knipl, Real Estate Photographer. He has contributed comics and drawings to The New Yorker, Metropolis magazine and weekly newspapers in the U.S. In Michael Chabon's collected essays, Maps and Legends, (McSweeney's, 2008), Chabon describes Katchor as "the creator of the last great American comic strip."
In 1993, Katchor was the subject of a lengthy profile by Lawrence Weschler in The New Yorker and an extended essay by John Crowley in The Yale Review (1998).
Born in Brooklyn, Katchor contributed occasional illustrations while on staff for The Kingsman, the student newspaper of Brooklyn College, and he was an early contributor to RAW. He edited and published two issues of Picture Story, which featured his own work with articles and stories by Peter Blegvad and Jerry Moriarty.
Julius Knipl, Real Estate Photographer paints an evocative picture of a slightly surreal, historical New York City with a decidedly Jewish sensibility. Julius Knipl has been published in several book collections including Cheap Novelties: The Pleasure of Urban Decay and The Beauty Supply District.

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Benedict Gross
Benedict Hyman Gross (born June 22, 1950) is an American mathematician, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University and former Dean of Harvard College.
In 1971 he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Harvard University. He then received an M.Sc. from Oxford University in 1974 before returning to Harvard and completing his Ph.D. in 1978, under John Tate.
He is known for his work in number theory, particularly the Gross–Zagier theorem on L-functions of elliptic curves, which was work with Don Zagier. He, Zagier, and Dorian M. Goldfeld won the Cole Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 1987 for this work.
After holding faculty positions at Princeton University and Brown University, Gross became a tenured professor at Harvard in 1985 and has remained there ever since, as Dean of Harvard College from 2003 to 2007. He was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992 and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2004.
One of his past Ph.D. students was Noam Elkies.

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Benjamin D. Santer
Dr. Benjamin D. Santer (born June 3, 1955 in Washington, DC, United States) is a climate researcher at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and former researcher at the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit. He specializes mainly in statistical analysis of climate data sets, and detection/attribution of climate change forcings.
Dr. Santer received a B.SC. in Environmental Sciences and a 1987 Ph.D. in Climatology from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia.
In 1998 Santer was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship for research supporting the finding that human activity contributes to global warming. He has also received the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award and a Distinguished Scientist Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Energy and the Norbert Gerbier/MUMM award from the World Meteorological Organization. He ranks #12 amongst climate scientists in a 2002 assessment of most influential scientists.
Santer was elected to the American Geophysical Union in 2011, and inducted into the National Academy of Sciences in 2012.

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Bernadette Brooten
Bernadette J. Brooten is an American religious scholar and Kraft-Hiatt Professor of Christian Studies at Brandeis University.
Brooten graduated from University of Portland with a B.A., and Harvard University with a Ph.D. in 1982. She studied theology at the University of Tübingen and at Hebrew University. She taught at the Claremont Graduate School, the University of Tübingen, Harvard Divinity School, and the University of Oslo with a 1998 Fulbright Fellowship. She serves on the Advisory Committee at Harvard Divinity School.
Brooten is the founder and director of the Feminist Sexual Ethics Project at Brandeis . The project aims to create Jewish, Christian, and Muslim sexual ethics rooted in freedom, mutuality, meaningful consent, responsibility, and female (as well as male) pleasure, untainted by slave-holding values. These religions' sacred texts and traditions have all tolerated slavery, which has frequently involved the sexual exploitation of women and girls. Brooten heads a team of scholars, activists, artists, and policy analysts who are disentangling the nexus of slavery, religion, women, and sexuality. They aim to help religious and other people complete the abolition of slavery and move beyond harmful racial and sexual stereotypes.

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Beth Shapiro
Beth A. Shapiro (born 1976) is an American evolutionary molecular biologist. She has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology at the Pennsylvania State University since 2007. Shapiro's work has centered on the analysis of ancient DNA. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2009.
Shapiro was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania and grew up in Rome, Georgia, where she served as the local news anchor while still in high school. She graduated from the University of Georgia in 1999 with both a B.A. and an M.A. in ecology. The same year she was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship. In 2003 Shapiro received a D.Phil. in biology from Oxford University.
Shapiro became a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at Oxford in 2004. The same year she was appointed director of the Henry Wellcome Biomolecules Centre at Oxford. A position she held until 2007. In 2006 she was awarded a University Research Fellowship by the Royal Society. While at the Biomolecules Centre Shapiro carried out mitochondrial DNA analysis of the dodo.

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Bette Howland
Bette Howland is an American writer and literary critic.
She wrote for Commentary Magazine. She appeared at Yaddo.
THINGS TO COME AND GO is a quirky collection of three long stories by a writer of unusual talent, power and intelligence.

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Bill Irwin
William Mills "Bill" Irwin (born April 11, 1950) is an American actor and clown noted for his contribution to the renaissance of American circus during the 1970s. He is known for his vaudeville-style stage acts, but has made a number of appearances on film and television and won a Tony Award for a dramatic role on Broadway. He is known by children as Mr. Noodle on Sesame Street's Elmo's World.
Irwin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Elizabeth (née Mills), a teacher, and Horace G. Irwin, an aerospace engineer. He graduated from Oberlin College in 1973 with a degree in theater arts, and from the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College the following year. In 1975, he helped found the Pickle Family Circus in San Francisco, California. He left the company in 1979, and decided to pursue stage work.
Irwin created a run of highly regarded stage shows that incorporated elements of clowning, often in collaboration with composer Doug Skinner. These works included The Regard of Flight (1982), Largely New York (1989), Fool Moon (1993), The Harlequin Studies (2003), and Mr. Fox: A Rumination (2004). Mr. Fox is a production that Irwin has worked on for years, a biography of 19th century clown George Washington Lafayette Fox that also has autobiographical elements.

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Bill Strickland
William E. "Bill" Strickland (born 1947 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a community leader, author, and the President and CEO of the non-profit Manchester Bidwell Corporation based in Pittsburgh. The company's subsidiaries, the Manchester Craftsmen's Guild and Bidwell Training Center, work with disadvantaged and at-risk youth through involvement with the arts and provides job training for adults, respectively. Strickland is a winner of a MacArthur "Genius" Award and the 2011 Goi Peace Award.
Strickland grew up in the Manchester neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Oliver High School. He then attended the University of Pittsburgh where as an undergraduate he founded the Manchester Craftsmen's Guild as an after-school program to teach children pottery skill in his old neighborhood. He graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in American history and foreign relations in 1970. Following graduation he continued to build the Manchester Guild into an innovative nonprofit agency that uses the arts to inspire and mentor inner-city teenagers. In 1972 he took over the Bidwell Training Center that trains displaced adults for jobs. He has served on the boards of the National Endowment for the Arts, Mellon Financial Corporation, and the University of Pittsburgh. For his work, Strickland has won various awards including a MacArthur Fellowship "genius" award in 1996. He has been honored by the White House, and received the Goi Peace Award in 2011.

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Bill T. Jones
Bill T. Jones (born February 15, 1952) is an American artistic director, choreographer and dancer.
Jones was born in Bunnell, Florida and his family moved North as part of the Great Migration in the first half of the twentieth century. They settled in Wayland, New York, where Jones attended Wayland High School. He began his dance training at Binghamton University, where he studied classical ballet and modern dance.
Jones choreographed and performed worldwide as a soloist and duet company with his late partner, Arnie Zane before forming the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company in 1982.
Creating more than 100 works for his own company, Jones has also choreographed for Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, AXIS Dance Company, Boston Ballet, Lyon Opera Ballet, Berlin Opera Ballet and Diversions Dance Company, among others. In 1995, Jones directed and performed in a collaborative work with Toni Morrison and Max Roach, Degga, at Alice Tully Hall, commissioned by Lincoln Center’s "Serious Fun" Festival. His collaboration with Jessye Norman, How! Do! We! Do!, premiered at New York’s City Center in 1999.

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Bill Viola
Bill Viola (born January 25, 1951) is a contemporary video artist. He is considered a leading figure in the generation of artists whose artistic expression depends upon electronic, sound, and image technology in New Media. His works focus on the ideas behind fundamental human experiences such as birth, death and aspects of consciousness.
Viola grew up in Queens, New York, and Westbury, New York. He attended P.S. 20 Clinton Hill School, in Flushing, where he was captain of the TV Squad. On vacation in the mountains with his family, he nearly drowned in a lake, an experience he describes as “… the most beautiful world I’ve ever seen in my life” and “without fear,” and “peaceful”
In 1973, Viola graduated from Syracuse University with a Bachelor in Fine Arts. He studied in the Experimental Studios of the College of Visual and Performing Arts, including the Synapse experimental program, which evolved into CitrusTV.
His first job on graduation was as a video technician at the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse. From 1973 to 1980, he studied and performed with composer David Tudor in the new music group "Rainforest" (later called "Composers Inside Electronics"). From 1974-1976, Viola worked as technical director at Art/Tapes/22, a pioneering video studio in Florence, Italy where he encountered video artists Nam June Paik, Bruce Nauman, and Vito Acconci. From 1976-1983, he was artist-in-residence at WNET Thirteen Television Laboratory in New York. In 1976 and 1977, he traveled to the Solomon Islands, Java, and Indonesia to record traditional performing arts.

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Billie Young
Billie Jean Young (born 1947) is an actor, activist, poet and educator.
She lives in Pennington, Alabama from which she travels the world to teach, work with young people. She graduated from Judson College, and Samford University’s Cumberland School of Law. She taught at Jackson State University. She teaches at Mississippi State University, Meridian campus. She was Artist-in-Residence, at Judson College.
Her papers are held at the University of Alabama Hoole Special Collections Library.

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Bonnie Bassler
Bonnie Lynn Bassler (born 1962) is an American molecular biologist. She has been a professor at Princeton University since 1994.
Born in Chicago and raised in Danville, California, Bassler received a Bachelor of Science in biochemistry from the University of California, Davis and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Johns Hopkins University. She made key insights into the mechanism by which bacteria communicate, known as quorum sensing. In 2002 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. Bassler was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2006. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007.
Bassler has been nominated by the American Society for Microbiology to be one of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Nifty Fifty Speakers who will speak about her work and career to middle and high school students in October 2010. Bonnie Bassler is a member of the USA Science & Engineering Festival's Nifty Fifty, a collection of the most influential scientists and engineers in the United States that are dedicated to reinvigorating the interest of young people in science and engineering.

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Brackette Williams
Brackette F. Williams is an American anthropologist, and Senior Justice Advocate, Open Society Institute. She is currently an associate professor of cultural anthropology at the University of Arizona.
Williams graduated from Cornell University with a BS, from the University of Arizona with a master's in Education, and from the Johns Hopkins University with a PhD in Cultural Anthropology. She has taught at Duke University, Queens College, the New School for Social Research, the University of California, Berkeley, the Johns Hopkins University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Arizona.
Her work has centered on the Caribbean region, and in particular, examined how racial and ethnic categories are reproduced in Guyana nationalism. Categories and classification systems - how they are developed, what basis they have in cultural contexts, and how they are put to use, by whom and for whom - have been a general theme in her work as well. Williams's ethnographic work on the categories informing capital punishment in the United States demonstrates has also been an interest.

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Brad Leithauser
Brad E. Leithauser (born February 27, 1953) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, and teacher. After serving as the Emily Dickinson Lecturer in the Humanities at Mount Holyoke College and visiting professor at the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, he is now on faculty at The Johns Hopkins University in the writing seminars department.
Leithauser was born in 1953 in Detroit, Michigan. He is an alumnus of the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan and a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He worked for three years as a research fellow at the Kyoto Comparative Law Center in Japan. Leithauser has lived in Japan, Italy, England, Iceland, and France. His wife, the poet Mary Jo Salter, is also a professor at Mount Holyoke. As of January, 2007, both Leithauser and his wife will have permanently joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
Leithauser's work has appeared in The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, Time, and The New Yorker.

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Bradley Efron
Bradley Efron (born May 24, 1938) is an American statistician best known for proposing the bootstrap resampling technique, which has had a major impact in the field of statistics and virtually every area of statistical application. The bootstrap was one of the first computer-intensive statistical techniques, replacing traditional algebraic derivations with data-based computer simulations.
Efron was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in May 1938, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants Esther and Miles Efron. He attended the California Institute of Technology, graduating in Mathematics in 1960. He arrived at Stanford in fall of 1960, earning his Ph.D., under the direction of Rupert Miller and Herb Solomon, in the Department of Statistics. While at Stanford, he was suspended for a year for his involvement with the Stanford Chaparral's parody of Playboy magazine.
He is currently a Professor of Statistics at Stanford. At Stanford he has been the Chair of the Department of Statistics, Associate Dean of Science, Chairman of the University Advisory Board, Chair of the Faculty Senate and Chair of the Undergraduate Program in Applied Mathematics.

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Bret Wallach
Bret Wallach is an American cultural geographer, and professor at University of Oklahoma.
He graduated from University of California, Berkeley with an A.B. in 1964, M.A. in 1966, and Ph.D. in 1968. He taught at the University of Victoria, Pennsylvania State University, University of California, Riverside, and University of Maine at Fort Kent.

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Brian Tucker
Brian E. Tucker is a seismologist specialising in disaster prevention.
He holds a Ph.D. in Earth Sciences from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, an M.A. in Public Policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a B.A. in Physics from Pomona College.
Dr. Tucker has devoted his life to realizing a world of self-reliant communities that can continue their economic, political and cultural development unimpeded by natural disasters. For more than sixteen years, Dr. Tucker has created exhibits, organized workshops and symposia around the world, printed multilingual reports and written/edited three books to raise awareness of geologic threats to communities from Tajikistan to Ecuador. Beyond education, he has drafted earthquake mitigation plans and has supported mason training and the retrofitting of schools, leaving a long-term legacy of natural hazard risk reduction in more than twenty countries.
After observing the tragic consequences of an earthquake in Tajikistan, in 1991 Dr. Tucker founded GeoHazards International (GHI), a Palo Alto, Calif.-based nonprofit organization focused on reducing death and injury caused by earthquakes in the world's most vulnerable communities. Dr. Tucker and his team have developed and applied methods that will save lives in developing countries around the world. They work through a global network of people dedicated to reducing the risks of death and injury caused by earthquakes and natural disasters in needy, at-risk countries, by sharing and promoting civil engineering principles and connecting local experts, engineers, scientists and government officials with their counterparts abroad.

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Bright Sheng

Bright Sheng (surname Sheng, Chinese: 盛宗亮; pinyin: Shèng Zōngliàng; born December 6, 1955 in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-American composer, conductor, and pianist. He has lived in the United States since 1982 and is on faculty at the University of Michigan. In 1999, the White House commissioned Sheng to compose a piece to honor the Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji at a state dinner hosted by President Bill Clinton. In November 2001, Sheng received a MacArthur Fellowship. Sheng is the New York City Ballet's first composer in residence.
Sheng's compositions have been performed by most major American orchestras, as well as many European and Asian orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, Seattle Symphony Orchestra, Orchestre de Paris, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra, and the China National Symphony. Some of the most notable performers of Sheng's music have included Leonard Bernstein, Yo-Yo Ma, Peter Serkin, Kurt Masur, Emanuel Ax, Leonard Slatkin, Robert Spano, David Zinman, and Neeme Järvi. Sheng's most notable teachers include Leonard Bernstein and Chou Wen-Chung.

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Brooks Pate
Brooks H. Pate is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of chemistry, at the University of Virginia.
He graduated from University of Virginia with a B.S. in 1987, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1992. He was a NRC Postdoctoral Fellow at NIST, from 1992 to 1993. He heads the Pate Research Group. He is an amateur historian of clocks.

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Bruce G. Blair
Bruce G. Blair is the president of the World Security Institute, a non-profit organization that he founded in 2000 to promote independent research and journalism on global affairs. He is an executive producer of Countdown to Zero, a documentary film on nuclear weapons, which was released in 2010. He also created and was the executive producer of the PBS weekly television series Superpower: Global Affairs Television (2002–2004), and was the executive producer of Azimuth Media and their weekly PBS television series, Foreign Exchange, which was first hosted by Fareed Zakaria (2005–2007) and subsequently by Daljit Dhaliwal (2008–2009). He is also the publisher of Washington ProFile (Russian), Washington Observer (Chinese), Washington Prism (Persian), Taqrir Washington (Arabic) and China Security. He was also the executive producer of two television documentaries, CNN Presents’ Deadlock: Russia’s Forgotten War and the PBS FRONTLINE’s Missile Wars in 2002.
Dr. Blair is Co-Founder of Global Zero, an international non-partisan group of 300 world leaders dedicated to achieving the elimination of nuclear weapons.

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Bruce Schwartz
Bruce D. Schwartz is an American puppeteer and sculptor. By extension, he is also a mimic, storyteller and clown. He is using a technique where, unlike most puppeteers, who usually hide their hands in gloves, or use strings or sticks, he does the opposite and shows his hands.
He performed the puppet acts in the movie The Double Life of Véronique. He has also been seen on Jim Henson's Muppet Show in 1977 with guest star Cleo Laine, as well as in 1980 with Señor Wences.
Following his career in theater arts, for which he received a MacArthur Fellowship (1988), he co-founded the grassroots Pasadena Yoga Co-op in 1994 and now owns and manages Yoga House in Pasadena with Farzaneh Noori. Bruce has been teaching yoga since 1998.

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Bryan Stevenson
Bryan A. Stevenson is the founder and Executive Director of the Equal Justice Initiative, a private, non-profit organization headquartered in Montgomery, Alabama, and is a professor at New York University School of Law. He has gained national acclaim for his work challenging bias against the poor and people of color in the criminal justice system. Stevenson has assisted in securing relief for dozens of condemned prisoners, advocated for poor people and developed community-based reform litigation aimed at improving the administration of criminal justice.
A graduate of Eastern College (now Eastern University), Harvard Law School (J.D.), and the Harvard School of Government, he has won the American Bar Association's Wisdom Award for public service, the ACLU's National Medal of Liberty (1991), a MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Award, the Reebok Human Rights Award (1989), the Thurgood Marshall Medal of Justice (1993), the Gleitsman Foundation Citizen Activist Award (2000), the Olof Palme Prize (2000), Stanford Law School's National Public Service Award (2010), and the National Association of Public Interest Lawyers named him the Public Interest Lawyer of the Year (1996). He has received honorary degrees from the University of Pennsylvania School of Law and Georgetown University Law School. In addition to directing the Equal Justice Initiative, he has been a visiting professor of law at the University of Michigan School of Law and lecturer at Harvard and Yale Law Schools.

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Byllye Avery
Byllye Yvonne Avery (born October 20,1937) is an American health care activist, who has worked to improve the welfare of African-American women by creating the National Black Women's Health Project in 1981. She has received the MacArthur Foundation's Fellowship for Social Contribution and the Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science, among other awards.
Avery was born in DeLand, Florida and studied psychology at Talledega College, earning her MA degree from the University of Florida in 1969. In 1995 Avery received a L.H.D. from Bates College.
Avery produced On Becoming a Woman: Mothers and Daughters Talking to Each Other (1987), a documentary film which features African-American women and their daughters talking about menstruation, sex, and love.^{[citation needed]} In 1990, Avery, along with 15 other African American women and men, formed the African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom.

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Calvin King
Calvin R. King (born 1953) is an American farm developer, and the President of the Arkansas Land and Farm Development Corp.
He graduated from Philander Smith College in 1975.
The agency collaborated with the Farmers Home Association to create the Outreach Training and Technical Assistance program.

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Camille Utterback
Camille Utterback (b. 1970 in Bloomington, Indiana) is an interactive installation artist. Initially trained as a painter, her work is at the intersection of painting and interactive art.
Camille received her undergraduate degree from Williams College and her Masters degree from the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.
Examples of her work include Text Rain (1999), in which participants use their bodies to lift and play with falling letters projected on a wall, and Abundance (2007), a public installation in San Jose, California that creates interactive projects based on the movements of pedestrians.
Her work has been exhibited at the New Museum of Contemporary Art (New York), the American Museum of the Moving Image (New York), GAFFTA (San Francisco), the Ars Electronica Center (Linz, Austria) and the NTT InterCommunication Center (Tokyo, Japan).
She has received several grants and awards including the Rockefeller Foundation New Media Fellowship and the Transmediale International Media Art Festival Award and, most recently, a "genius award" from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Camille has taught media art at Parsons School of Design, and the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University.

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Camilo José Vergara
Camilo José Vergara (born 1944) is a Chilean-born, New York-based writer, photographer and documentarian. He was born in Santiago, Chile.
Vergara has been compared to Jacob Riis for his photographic documentation of American slums and decaying urban environments. Beginning in the 1980s, Vergara applied the technique of rephotography to a series of American cities, photographing the same buildings and neighborhoods from the exact vantage point at regular intervals over many years to capture changes over time. Trained as a sociologist with a specialty in urbanism, Vergara turned to his systematic documentation at a moment of extraordinary urban stress, and he chose locales where that stress seemed highest: the housing projects of Chicago; the South Bronx of New York City; Camden, New Jersey; and Detroit, Michigan, among others.
Vergara began as a humanistic New York street photographer in the early '70s, when he moved to the city. This work changed significantly in the middle 1970s, when graduate work in sociology at Columbia University increasingly sensitized him to the complexities of environmental influences on social behavior. The advent of Kodachrome 64 film in 1974 alerted Vergara to the possibilities of permanent color photographic records of changing urban landscapes and their features. He began at that time to work systematically, using techniques adapted from sociological methodologies; traveling from one subway stop to the next, he would emerge onto the street and then photograph the surrounding blocks, fanning steadily outward. By 1977, he had come upon a rough approximation of his lifelong working method, returning to the same locales over time to photograph changes in the makeup of the communities in question.

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Campbell McGrath
Campbell McGrath (born 1962) is a notable modern American poet. He is the author of nine full-length collections of poetry, including his most recent, Seven Notebooks (Ecco Press, 2008), Shannon: A Poem of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Ecco Press, 2009), and In the Kingdom of the Sea Monkeys (Ecco Press, forthcoming, 2012).
McGrath was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Washington, D.C., where he attended Sidwell Friends School; among his classmates was the poet Elizabeth Alexander. He received his B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1984 and his MFA from Columbia University's creative writing program in 1988, where he was classmates with Rick Moody. He currently lives in Miami Beach, Florida, and teaches creative writing at Florida International University, where his students have included Richard Blanco, Susan Briante, Jay Snodgrass and Emma Trelles. He is married to Elizabeth Lichtenstein, whom he met while he was an undergraduate; they have two sons.
In the early 1980s, while a student at the University of Chicago, he was a member of the punk band Men From The Manly Planet.

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Carl E. Schorske
Carl Emil Schorske (born March 15, 1915) is an American cultural historian and Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. In 1981 he won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (1980), which remains highly significant to modern European intellectual history. He was a recipient of the first year of MacArthur Fellows Program awards in 1981 and made a honorary cititzen of Vienna in 2012.
Born in New York City, Schorske received his B.A. from Columbia in 1936, and a Ph.D. from Harvard. He served in the Office of Strategic Services, the precursor to the CIA, during World War II, as chief of political intelligence for Western Europe. His first book, German Social Democracy, published by Harvard University Press in 1955, describes the schism of the German Social Democratic Party into a reformist/constitutionalist Right faction and a revolutionary oppositionist Left faction during the years 1905-1917.
Following his war-time service, Schorske taught at Wesleyan University (in the 1950s), the University of California at Berkeley (in the 1960s), and Princeton University (in the 1970s until his retirement in the early 1980s), where he was Dayton-Stockton Professor of History. Professor Schorske was named by Time Magazine as one of the nation's ten top academic leaders. In 1987, he held the Charles Homer Haskins Price Lecture.

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Carl R. Woese
Carl Richard Woese (

/ˈwoʊz/; born July 15, 1928 in Syracuse, New York) is an American microbiologist and physicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese and which is now standard practice. He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977, although not by that name. He currently holds the Stanley O. Ikenberry Chair and is professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Woese attended Deerfield Academy. He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Amherst College in 1950 and a Ph.D. in biophysics from Yale University in 1953. In 1964, Woese joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Having defined Archaea as a new domain, Woese redrew the taxonomic tree. His three-domain system, based on genetic relationships rather than obvious morphologic similarities, divided life into 23 main divisions, incorporated within three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Archaea are neither bacteria nor eukaryotes. They can be viewed as prokaryotes that are not bacteria.

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Carl Safina
Carl Safina (born 1955) is author of six books and many other writings about how the ocean is changing, including the award winning Song for the Blue Ocean and Eye of the Albatross, as well as "The View From Lazy Point; A Natural Year in an Unnatural World." He is founding president of the Blue Ocean Institute, and an adjunct professor at Stony Brook University where he is active both in Marine Sciences and as co-chair of the Journalism School's Center for Communicating Science.
Carl Safina works to show that nature and human dignity require each other. His recent works probe the ways in which our relationship with the natural world affects human relations, and how the scientific facts imply the need for moral and ethical responses.
His early research focused on seabird ecology. In the 1990s he brought fisheries issues into the environmental mainstream. He lead campaigns to ban high-seas driftnets, to re-write U.S. federal fisheries law, to work toward international conservation of tunas, sharks, and other fishes, and to achieve passage of a United Nations global fisheries treaty.

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Carol Levine
Carol Levine is the Director of the Families and Health Care Project of the United Hospital Fund. In 1991, she founded The Orphan Project: Families and Children in the HIV Epidemic. From 1987 to 1991, she was the director of the Citizens Commission on AIDS in New York City. She is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.

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Carol Padden
Carol A. Padden (born 1955 in Washington, D.C.) is a professor in the Department of Communication at the University of California, San Diego, where she has been teaching since 1983. She was named a 2010 MacArthur Fellow, and a 1992 Guggenheim Fellow.
She was born deaf to a Deaf family, and also has a Deaf older brother. Both of her parents were faculty members at Gallaudet University
My parents are both deaf, and I have an older deaf brother, so sign language was a natural part of my upbringing. When I was eight, I transferred from a special school for deaf children to my local public school and for the first time, I was among children and adults who did not sign. I often describe this experience as being “educated abroad,” because it gave me a sense of self and difference that I did not have before.
She was reared bilingually in English and American Sign Language. As a child, she was reared in Deaf culture: the people with whom she and her family socialized attended both Deaf schools and Deaf clubs. Padden is married to Tom Humphries, who is also Deaf and has co-authored several books with her. She also has one child of her own who is not deaf.

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Caroline Bynum
Caroline Walker Bynum (born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1941) is an American Medieval scholar. She is a University Professor emerita at Columbia University and Professor emerita of Western Medieval History at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. She was the first woman to be appointed University Professor at Columbia. She is a former Dean of Columbia's School of General Studies. She served as President of the American Historical Association for 1996.
Bynum received a B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1962 and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1969. Her honors include the Jefferson Lecture, a MacArthur Fellowship, and twelve honorary degrees including degrees from Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Chicago, and the University of Michigan.^{[citation needed]} Bynum's work has focused on the way medieval people understood the nature of the human body and its physicality in the context of larger theological questions and spiritual pursuits. Among her books are:

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Carolyn McKecuen
Carolyn McKecuen is President of the Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Foundation. She supported Take our Daughters to the Polls as a non-partisan initiative. She is founder and director of Watermark, a member-owned craft cooperative.

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Carolyn R. Bertozzi
Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi (* 19 May 1966) is an American chemist. She is the T.Z. and Irmgard Chu Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley; Professor of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology at the University of California, San Francisco; is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and is the former Director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience research center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She received a MacArthur "genius" award at age 33, making her one of the youngest scientists to receive this award^{[citation needed]}. In 2010 she was the first woman to receive the prestigious Lemelson-MIT Prize faculty award. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Bertozzi received her Bachelor's Degree summa cum laude in chemistry from Harvard University, where she worked with Professor Joe Grabowski on the design and construction of a photoacoustic calorimeter. While an undergraduate, she played in a rock band with future Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello. After graduating she worked briefly at Bell Labs with Chris Chidsey and at Massachusetts General Hospital.

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Charles Archambeau
Charles B. Archambeau is an American geophysicist.
He graduated from California Institute of Technology with a PhD in 1964. He taught at University of Colorado, and California Institute of Technology.
In 1997, he studied the geophysics of Yucca Mountain, with John Davies, commissioned by the state of Nevada. He is President of Technology Research Associates corporation. In 2010, he signed a letter in favor of the Integral Fast Reactor.

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Charles C. Steidel
Charles C. Steidel (born October 14, 1962 Ithaca, New York) is an American astronomer, and Lee A. DuBridge Professor of Astronomy at California Institute of Technology.
He graduated from Princeton University with an A. B., in Astrophysical Sciences, and from California Institute of Technology with a Ph. D., in Astronomy, in 1990. On November 7, 1987, he married Sarah Nichols Hoyt.

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Charles S. Peskin
Charles S. Peskin (born 15 April 1946) is a professor of mathematics at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University. He is a MacArthur Fellow, and a member of the National Academy of Science.
Peskin has been a leading worker in the area of mathematical biology and fluid dynamics, especially problems involving fluid-structure interactions. An especially significant contribution was his introduction of the Immersed Boundary Method to handle in a computionally tractable way the coupling between deformable immersed structures and fluid flows. This method has been applied in a variety of contexts including the study of blood flow in the heart, lift generation in insect flight, and wave propagation in the cochlea of the inner ear.
Peskin received his Ph.D. in physiology from Yeshiva University in 1972 and shortly thereafter joined the faculty of the Courant Institute. He has been a productive educator of applied mathematicians, and has advised 37 PhD students as of April 2009.

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Charles Sabel
Charles Frederick Sabel (born December 1, 1947) is an American academic and professor of Law and Social Science at the Columbia Law School. His research centers on public innovations, European Union governance, labor standards, economic development, and ultra-robust networks.
Sabel attended Harvard University and earned a B.A. in Social Studies in 1969 and a Ph.D. in Government in 1978. He was a faculty member in the departments of Political Science and Science, Technology, and Society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology between 1977 and 1995. He joined the faculty at Columbia University in 1995. He is the recipient of a 1982 MacArthur Fellowship. Together with Joshua Cohen and others he developed the theory of directly deliberative polyarchy or democratic experimentalism, which is related to the concept of deliberative democracy. This concept mainly builds upon Japanese production methods interpreted as the institutionalization of decentralized learning.
His 1984 book, The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity, co-written with Michael J. Piore, has been widely influential among labor scholars.^{[citation needed]}

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Charles Simic
Dušan "Charles" Simić (Serbian: Душан "Чарлс" Симић [dǔʃan tʃârls sǐːmitɕ]; born 9 May 1938) is a Serbian-American poet, and was co-Poetry Editor of the Paris Review. He was appointed the fifteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2007.
Simic was born in Belgrade, Serbia then part of Yugoslavia. Growing up as a child in war-torn Europe shaped much of his world-view, Simic states. In an interview from the Cortland Review he said, "Being one of the millions of displaced persons made an impression on me. In addition to my own little story of bad luck, I heard plenty of others. I'm still amazed by all the vileness and stupidity I witnessed in my life." Simic immigrated to the United States with his family in 1954 when he was sixteen. He grew up in Chicago and received his B.A. from New York University. He is professor emeritus of American literature and creative writing at the University of New Hampshire and lives on the shore of Bow Lake in Strafford, New Hampshire.

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Charles Wuorinen
Charles Peter Wuorinen (born June 9, 1938) is a prolific Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer born and living in New York City. His catalog of more than 250 compositions includes works for orchestra, opera, chamber music, as well as solo instrumental and vocal works. In recent years he has dedicated attention to large-scale works for the stage, including collaborations with Salman Rushdie and Annie Proulx.
Wuorinen was born on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. His father, John H. Wuorinen, was chairman of the History department at Columbia University and a noted scholar of Scandinavian affairs who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services and was the author of five books on his native Finland. His mother, Alfhild Kalijarvi, received her MA in Biology from Smith College. Wuorinen excelled academically, graduating from Trinity School (New York City) as valedictorian in 1956, and received his Master’s Degree in Music from Columbia University in 1963. Wuorinen’s parents discouraged his pursuing a career in music. Early supporters included Jacques Barzun and Edgard Varèse. Wuorinen is gay.

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Charlotte Erickson
Charlotte Erickson (22 October 1923 Oak Park, Illinois – 9 July 2008 Cambridge) was an American historian.
Erickson was born in Oak Park, Illinois a suburb of Chicago, where her father was a Swedish Lutheran minister. She graduated from Augustana College at Rock Island, Illinois in 1945, and from Cornell University with a MA and a PhD.
In 1944, when she attended the summer seminar of the Institute of World Affairs. She studied at the London School of Economics, between 1948 and 1950, under the guidance of Professor T.S. Ashton and under Professor David Glass. In 1950 to 1952, she taught at Vassar College.
She returned to England in 1952 to marry Louis Watt; they had two sons; but their marriage was dissolved in 1992.
In 1976–78, she was Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at the California Institute of Technology. In 1982, she was the Paul Mellon chair of American History at Cambridge University.

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Cheryl Hayashi
Cheryl Hayashi is a biologist at University of California, Riverside who specializes in the genetic structure of spider silk. A professor at UC Riverside since 2001, she received her Ph.D from Yale University in 1996.
She was a speaker at TED 2010 Conference.
She was the recipient of the MacArthur Fellow in 2007.

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Cheryl Rogowski
Cheryl Rogowski (born c. 1960) is an American farmer from Pine Island, New York.
She began farming in 1983 when the Onion Harvest Festival was reestablished and she was crowned Princess.
In 1984, in her early 20s, she received 5,000 acres (20 km²) from her father and grew broom corn, sunflowers, zinnias, chili peppers, ground cherries.
She grew a community-supported agriculture program, starting in 1998, from 12 to 156 members, and sells at farmers' markets. She participates in El Puente ("The Bridge") CSA for low-income people. She supports English lessons for migrant workers, mentors Future Farmers of America students, and helps with "Just Food", and "The Tastemakers" annual food festival.
She appeared on an Urban Farming panel in New York City.

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Christopher Beckwith
Christopher I. Beckwith (born 1945) is a professor of Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.
He received his Ph.D. degree from Indiana University in Uralic and Altaic Studies (1977).
He specializes in Asian language studies and linguistics, and in the history of Central Eurasia. He teaches Old Tibetan, Central Eurasian languages, and Central Eurasian history.
From a review of Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present:
Beckwith's many quirky personal asides about this and that do not detract from the formidable scholarship with which he surveys the nations and states that waxed and waned in what is perhaps best called Inner Asia from the earliest times to the present. But this is no mere survey. Beckwith systematically demolishes the almost universal presumption that the peoples and powers of Inner Asia were typically predatory raiders, and thus supplied themselves by extracting loot and tribute from more settled populations. He demonstrates that it is much more accurate to view them as traders and the protectors of traders.

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Christopher Chyba
Christopher F. Chyba is an American astrobiologist, and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University.
He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1982, and studied mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar. He then received his Ph.D. in Astronomy, with an emphasis in Planetary Science, from Cornell University in 1991.[1] He was a White House Fellow on the National Security Council staff, and then serving in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) from 1993 to 1995. He was a member of the SETI Institute Board of Trustees from 2005 - 2007.

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Cindy Sherman
Cynthia "Cindy" Morris Sherman (born January 19, 1954) is an American photographer and film director, best known for her conceptual portraits. In 1995, she was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship. Through a number of different series of works, Sherman has sought to raise challenging and important questions about the role and representation of women in society, the media and the nature of the creation of art. Her photographs include some of the most expensive photographs ever sold. Sherman lives and works in New York.
Cindy Sherman was born on January 19, 1954 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey as the youngest by far of five children. Shortly after her birth, her family moved to the township of Huntington, Long Island.

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Claire Gmachl
Claire F. Gmachl is Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. She is best known for her work in the development of quantum cascade lasers.
Gmachl earned her M.Sc. in Physics from the University of Innsbruck in 1991. She went on to receive her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Vienna in 1995, graduating sub auspiciis Praesidentis (with special honors by the president of the Austrian republic). Her studies focused on integrated optical modulators and tunable surface-emitting lasers in the near infrared. From 1996 to 1998, she was a Post-Doctoral Member of Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories. In 1998, she became a formal Member of Technical Staff at Bell Labs and in 2002 she was named a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff, in part due to her work on the development of the quantum cascade laser. In 2003, she left Bell Labs and took a position as Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University, where she is currently working as a full Professor since 2007.

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Claire J. Tomlin
Claire Jennifer Tomlin (b. Southampton, England 1969) is an American researcher in hybrid systems, distributed and decentralized optimization and control theory.
She graduated from the University of Waterloo with a B.A.Sc. in 1992, and from Imperial College London, with a M.Sc. in 1993, from the University of California, Berkeley, with a PhD in 1998. She currently holds a joint appointment as an associate professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Department of Electrical Engineering, at Stanford University where she is director of the Hybrid Systems Laboratory and as an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of California, Berkeley. She is married to UC Berkeley Dean of College of Engineering S. Shankar Sastry.
Prof. Tomlin's research focuses on applications, unmanned aerial vehicles, air traffic control and modeling of biological processes. She was named a MacArthur Fellow in September 2006.
In 2003, she was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.

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Claire Kremen
Claire Kremen (born 1961) is an American biologist, and professor of conservation biology at University of California, Berkeley.
She graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. in Biology in 1982, and from Duke University with a PhD in Zoology in 1987. She studies the impacts of deforestation in Madagascar, on species distributions with a Web-based biodiversity database.

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Claire Van Vliet
Claire Van Vliet was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1933. She is a fine artist, illustrator and typographer who founded Janus Press in San Diego, California in 1955. Van Vliet received the Bachelor of Arts in 1952 from San Diego State College, and the Master of Fine Arts from Claremont Graduate School in 1954. In 1955 she moved to Europe, shortly after her first publications, then returned to the United States in 1957. She worked for John Anderson of Lanston Monotype Company in Philadelphia before moving to Madison, Wisconsin. She made several trips back to Europe and continued her education in hand typesetting and compositing. She taught drawing and printmaking classes at the Philadelphia Museum School of Art and Philadelphia Museum College of Art from 1965-1966. In 1967 she established a typographic workshop in Madison, Wisconsin. The Janus Press has been based in Newark, Vermont since Van Vliet settled there in 1966.
The Janus Press was named by Van Vliet for "the ancient Roman god (Janus) for the rising and setting sun, stood for balance in the Renaissance because of his ability to look both forward and backward…the book as a balanced and unified statement with all of its parts integral and serving to illuminate one another, is the ideal for which the press seeks.” The press publishes collaborative works by contemporary writers, papermakers, printmakers and artists. The following is a list of some authors/creators: (authors) Ray Carver, Tess Gallagher, Seamus Heaney, Ted Hughes, W. R. Johnson, Galway Kinnell, John le Carré, Denise Levertov, Sandra McPherson, W. D. Snodgrass; (artists) Ruth Fine, Lois K. Johnson, Susan Johanknecht, Jerome Kaplan, Ray Metzker, Peter Schumann, Helen Siegel; (papermakers) Kathryn Clark (Twinrocker), Amanda Degener, Mary Lyn Nutting, Katie MacGregor, Bernie Vinzani

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Colson Whitehead
Colson Whitehead is a New York-based novelist. He is best known as the author of the 2001 novel John Henry Days. In 2002, he received a MacArthur Fellowship.
Whitehead was born in New York City in 1969, and grew up in Manhattan. He attended Trinity in Manhattan. Whitehead graduated from Harvard College in 1991.
For two years after leaving college, Whitehead wrote for The Village Voice. While working at the Voice, he began drafting his first novels.
Whitehead has since produced five book-length works—four novels and a meditation on life in Manhattan in the style of E.B. White's famous essay Here Is New York. The books are 1999's The Intuitionist, 2001's John Henry Days, 2003's The Colossus of New York, 2006's Apex Hides the Hurt, and 2009's Sag Harbor.Esquire Magazine named The Intuitionist the best first novel of the year, and GQ called it one of the "novels of the millennium." Novelist John Updike, reviewing The Intuitionist in The New Yorker, called Whitehead "ambitious," "scintillating," and "strikingly original," adding, "The young African-American writer to watch may well be a thirty-one-year-old Harvard graduate with the vivid name of Colson Whitehead."

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Conlon Nancarrow
Conlon Nancarrow (October 27, 1912 – August 10, 1997) was a United States-born composer who lived and worked in Mexico for most of his life. He became a Mexican citizen in 1955.
Nancarrow is best remembered for the pieces he wrote for the player piano. He was one of the first composers to use musical instruments as mechanical machines, making them play far beyond human performance ability. He lived most of his life in relative isolation, not becoming widely known until the 1980s.
Nancarrow was born in Texarkana, Arkansas. He played trumpet in a jazz band in his youth, before studying music first in Cincinnati, Ohio and later in Boston, Massachusetts with Roger Sessions, Walter Piston and Nicolas Slonimsky. He met Arnold Schoenberg during that composer's brief stay in Boston in 1933.
In Boston, Nancarrow joined the Communist Party. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, he traveled to Spain to join the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in fighting against Francisco Franco. He was interned by the French at the Gurs internment camp in 1939. Upon his return to the United States in 1939, he learned that his Brigade colleagues were having trouble getting their U.S. passports renewed. After spending some time in New York City, Nancarrow moved to Mexico in 1940 to escape this harassment.

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Corey Harris
Corey Harris (born February 21, 1969, Denver, Colorado) is an American blues and reggae musician, currently residing in Virginia. Along with Keb' Mo' and Alvin Youngblood Hart, he raised the flag of acoustic guitar blues in the mid 1990s. He was featured on the 2003 PBS television mini-series, The Blues, in an episode directed by Martin Scorsese.
Harris was born and raised near Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine with a Bachelors Degree in 1991, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in 2007. Harris received a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship for language studies in Cameroon in his early twenties, before taking a teaching post in Napoleonville, Louisiana under the Teach For America program. On his debut solo album Between Midnight and Day (1995) he investigated the repertoire of Charlie Patton, Booker White, Fred McDowell, Muddy Waters and Sleepy John Estes.
In 2002, Harris collaborated with Ali Farka Toure on his album, Mississippi to Mali, fusing blues and Toure's music from northern Mali. In 2003, he contributed to the Northern Blues release, Johnny's Blues: A Tribute To Johnny Cash.

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Corinne Dufka
Corinne Dufka (born 1958) is a senior researcher in Human Rights Watch's Africa Division, and was criminal investigator in Sierra Leone.
She was a photojournalist for the Reuters news agency, in Central America, Europe and Africa. She was a psychiatric social worker in San Francisco. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a master's degree in social welfare.

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Cormac McCarthy
Cormac McCarthy (born Charles McCarthy; July 20, 1933) is an American novelist and playwright. He has written ten novels, spanning the Southern Gothic, Western, and Post-apocalyptic genres. He won the Pulitzer Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction for The Road (2006). His 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. For All the Pretty Horses (1992) he won both the U.S. National Book Award and National Book Critics Circle Award. All the Pretty Horses and The Road were also adapted as motion pictures.
Blood Meridian (1985) was among Time magazine's list of 100 best English-language books published between 1923 and 2005 and placed joint runner-up in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, alongside Don DeLillo, Thomas Pynchon and Philip Roth, and called Blood Meridian "the greatest single book since Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying". In 2010 The Times ranked The Road first on its list of the 100 best fiction and non-fiction books of the past 10 years. McCarthy has been increasingly mentioned as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Curtis G. Hames
Dr. Curtis G. Hames Sr. (1920 Claxton, Georgia - January 6, 2005 Savannah, Georgia) was a family physcian and pioneer in the epidemologic study of heart disease and stroke.
He graduated from the Medical College of Georgia in 1944. He was a visiting clinical professor in the Medical University of South Carolina Department of Family Medicine. From 1958 to 1995, the National Institutes of Health funded his Evans County Heart Study, which resulted in more than 560 published papers. The study showed the value of HDL cholesterol.
Medical College of Georgia established the Curtis G. Hames Chair in Family Medicine;Georgia Southern University established Curtis G. Hames Scholarships in Nursing; Society of Teachers of Family Medicine established the Curtis G. Hames Research Award.

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Cynthia Moss
Cynthia Moss (born 1940 in Ossining, New York) is an American conservationist, wildlife researcher and writer, who specializes in elephant behavior. She has published several books including Portraits in the Wild: Animal Behavior in East Africa (Hamish Hamilton 1979).
Moss graduated at Smith College in Massachusetts in 1962, majoring in philosophy. She worked as a reporter for Newsweek, specializing in theatre and the dramatic arts.
However, while visiting Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania 1967, she met leading elephant researcher Dr. Iain Douglas-Hamilton in Tanzania. The following year she quit her job at Newsweek to work with Douglas-Hamilton and in 1972, she started the now famous Amboseli Elephant Research Project at Amboseli National Park in Kenya.

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D. Holmes Morton
D. Holmes Morton is an American physician specializing in genetic disorders of Old Order Amish and Mennonite children. In 1989 he established the Clinic for Special Children in Strasburg, Pennsylvania to focus on these diseases.
Morton is a former member of the United States Merchant Marine and a 1979 graduate of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut where he was an avid reader of everything from literature to developmental psychology, neurobiology, and child development. He attended Harvard Medical School and served his residency at Children's Hospital Boston. His interest in biochemical genetics research led him to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins University, and finally to the Pennsylvania Amish community. Although he could easily have landed a post at a prominent research institution, Morton and his wife Caroline chose to establish the clinic as a nonprofit organization.
Morton received the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism in 1993 and was named one of Time Magazine's "Heroes of Medicine" in 1997. In 2006 he was awarded a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant" for his work.

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Daisy Youngblood
Daisy Youngblood (born 1945) is an American modern sculptor and ceramic artist. She grew up in North Carolina and currently lives in New Mexico. She was a 2003 recipient of a MacArthur Fellows Program "genius grant".
Youngblood's most well-known sculptural work comprises heads and torsos of people and animals made in low-fired clay, combined with found objects (sticks, teeth, hair). Some of the heads are explicitly representational portraits (such as her 1982 study of the art dealer Richard Bellamy).
Youngblood has given Jung and Buddhism as important theoretical influence, and has said that she is interested in "correlating worldwide religions and esoteric practices with the individual psyche."

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Daniel Friedan
Daniel Harry Friedan (born October 3, 1948, New York) is an American theoretical physicist and is one of two sons of the feminist author and activist Betty Friedan.
He earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1980 and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1987.
Friedan has worked in string theory and condensed matter theory, specializing in (1 + 1)-dimensional systems. His current research focuses on applications to quantum computers. He co-founded the high energy theory group at Rutgers University.
Friedan received the 2010 Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society "for seminal work on the classification and characterization of two-dimensional unitary conformal field theories of critical states."
Daniel is married to an Icelandic physics teacher. They have one son together.

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Daniel Janzen
Daniel Hunt Janzen (born 1939 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.) is an evolutionary ecologist, biologist, and conservationist and the son of a previous Director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. He divides his time between his professorship in biology at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, USA), where he has been since 1976, and his research and field work in Costa Rica, where he is an ad honorem (without remuneration) technical advisor for two long-term and long-range projects, which he conceived and initiated in the early 1970s: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, one of the oldest, largest and most successful habitat restoration project in the world, 1.430 km², located just south of the Costa Rica-Nicaragua border, between the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera de Tilaran; and the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), a research organisation that has taken the task of inventorying, cataloguing and describing the country's gigantic natural endowment.

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Daniel Jurafsky
Daniel Jurafsky is a Professor of Linguistics and Computer Science at Stanford University.
With James Martin, he wrote the textbook Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, and Computational Linguistics.
He was given a MacArthur Fellowship in 2002.

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Daniel P. Schrag
Daniel P. Schrag (b. January 25, 1966) is Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology, Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, Director of the University Center for the Environment, and Director of the Laboratory for Geochemical Oceanography at Harvard University. He is also an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
Schrag received his B.S. in geology & geophysics and political science from Yale University in 1988. He received his Ph.D. in geology from University of California, Berkeley in 1993 under the supervision of Donald J. DePaolo.
Much of Dr. Schrag's research focuses on past climate change, including work on a variety of issues ranging from temperature reconstructions from deep marine sediments and corals to theories for Pleistocene ice-age cycles to developing the Snowball Earth hypothesis with his colleague Paul F. Hoffman. Currently he is working with economists and engineers on technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.
In 2009, Schrag was appointed by President Obama to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

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Daniel Sigman
Daniel Sigman is an American geoscientist, and the Dusenbury Professor of Geological and Geophysical Sciences in at Princeton University. Sigman received a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant" in 2009.
He graduated from Stanford University with a B.S. in 1991, and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology /Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Joint Program in Oceanography, with a Ph.D. in 1997.
He studies past ice ages, to better understand our current climate warming.

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Daniela L. Rus
Daniela L. Rus is a Romanian-born American roboticist and a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she is director of the Distributed Robotics Lab at CSAIL, the Co-Director of the CSAIL Center for Robotics, and an Associate Director of CSAIL.
She was a recipient of the 2002 MacArthur Fellowship.
Rus received her Ph.D. at Cornell University. She was previously an assistant, associate, and professor in the Computer Science Department at Dartmouth College before moving to MIT.

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Danielle Allen
Danielle S. Allen (born 1971) is an American classicist and political scientist, and UPS Foundation Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study.
She graduated from Princeton University with an A.B. in Classics in 1993, from Cambridge University with a Ph.D. in Classics in 1996, and from Harvard University with a Ph.D. in Government in 2001. She taught at University of Chicago, and was Dean of the Division of Humanities from 2004 to 2007. She organized The Dewey Seminar: Education, Schools and the State, with Robert Reich. She currently serves as a trustee of Princeton University.

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Daphne Koller
Daphne Koller (born 1968 or 1969) is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University and a MacArthur Fellowship recipient. She's also one of the founders of Coursera, an online education platform. Her general research area is artificial intelligence and its applications in the biomedical sciences. Koller was featured in an article by MIT Technology Review titled "10 Emerging Technologies That Will Change Your World" concerning the topic of Bayesian Machine Learning.
She received a bachelor's degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1985 and a Master's degree from the same institution in 1986.
Koller completed her Ph.D. at Stanford in 1993 under the supervision of Joseph Halpern, and joined the faculty of the Stanford University Computer Science Department in 1995. She was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2004.
In April 2008, Daphne Koller was awarded the first-ever $150,000 ACM-Infosys Foundation Award in Computing Sciences.
In 2009 she published a textbook on Probabilistic Graphical Models together with Nir Friedman. She will offer a free online course on the subject starting February 2012.

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Daryl Hine
Daryl Hine (born 24 Feb 1936 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian poet and translator.
Daryl Hine was born in Burnaby in 1936 and grew up in New Westminster B.C. He attended McGill University in Montreal 1954-58. His first chapbook, The Carnal and the Crane, was published as part of Louis Dudek's McGill Poetry Series in 1957.
Hine then went to Europe on a Canada Council scholarship, where he lived for the next three years. He moved to New York in 1962 and to Chicago in 1963, taking a PhD in Comparative Literature at the University of Chicago in 1967. He taught there and at at Northwestern University and at Illinois University (Chicago Campus) during the following decade while he served as editor of Poetry Magazine. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1986, and lives in semi-retirement in Evanston, Illinois.^{[citation needed]}
He is the son of Robert Fraser and Elsie James Hine.^{[citation needed]}
He was an editor of Poetry magazine, from 1968-78. The correspondence is held at Indiana University.

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Dave Hickey
David Hickey (born circa 1939) is an American art and cultural critic. He has written for many American publications including Rolling Stone, Art News, Art in America, Artforum, Harper's Magazine, and Vanity Fair. He is currently Professor of English at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and Distinguished Professor of Criticism for the MFA Program in the Department of Art & Art History at the University of New Mexico.
Hickey graduated from Texas Christian University in 1961 and received his PhD from the University of Texas two years later. In 1989, SMU Press published Prior Convictions, a volume of his short fiction. He was owner-director of A Clean Well-Lighted Place, an art gallery in Austin, Texas and director of Reese Palley Gallery in New York. He has served as Executive Editor for Art in America magazine, as contributing editor to The Village Voice, as Staff Songwriter for Glaser Publications in Nashville and as Arts Editor for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
Known for his arguments against academicism and in favor of the effects of rough-and-tumble free markets on art, Hickey's critical essays have been published in two volumes: The Invisible Dragon: Four Essays on Beauty (1993) and Air Guitar: Essays on Art and Democracy (1997). In 2009, Hickey published a revised and updated version of The Invisible Dragon, adding an introduction that addressed changes in the art world since the book's original publication, as well as a new concluding essay. He has been the subject of profiles in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, U.S. News and World Report, Texas Monthly, and elsewhere. He was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship, the so-called "genius grant."

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David Alan Rosenberg
David Alan Rosenberg (born 1948) is a military historian, and was Admiral Harry W. Hill Chair of Maritime Strategy at the National War College from 1996 to 2003.
He graduated from American University, and from University of Chicago with an M.A., and Ph.D. He taught at Temple University.
He has received scholar grants for research from the Harry S. Truman Library Institute (1974, 1975, 1983), the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation (1983, 1992), the Ford Foundation (1985, 1986). In 1995, he was appointed and elected Chair of the Secretary of the Navy's Advisory Subcommittee on Naval History.

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David B. Goldstein
David B. Goldstein is an American energy conservation policy expert. He co-directs the Natural Resources Defense Council's Energy Program.
He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in Physics.

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David C. Page
David C. Page, MD, is a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the director of the Whitehead Institute, where he has a laboratory devoted to the study of the Y-chromosome. His lab mapped the human Y chromosome in 1992. In 2003, his research group sequenced the human Y chromosome.
Page graduated from Swarthmore College with a degree in chemistry. He received his MD from Harvard Medical School in 1984 and was appointed a Whitehead Fellow. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship (a "genius" grant) two years later. He joined the faculty of the Whitehead Institute and MIT in 1988. In 1997, Page was awarded an Amory Prize for advances in reproductive biology by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2003, he received the Curt Stern Award from the American Society of Human Genetics. He has also won the March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology. In 2005 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Later that same year he became the director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT.

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David Cromer
David Cromer (born October 17, 1964) is an American theatre director and stage actor. He has received recognition for his work Off-Broadway and in his native Chicago. Cromer has won or been nominated for numerous awards, including winning the Lucille Lortel Award and Obie Award for his direction of Our Town. He was nominated for the Drama Desk Award and the Outer Critics Circle Award for his direction of The Adding Machine.
Born the third of four sons to Richard and Louise Cromer, David was raised in Skokie, Illinois. He dropped out of high school his junior year (later acquiring a GED), and attended Columbia College Chicago.
He was nominated for or won the Joseph Jefferson Award for his work in Chicago productions, winning for Angels in America Parts I and II in 1998, The Price in 2002, and The Cider House Rules in 2003. In 2005, Cromer made his Off-Broadway debut directing Austin Pendleton's Orson's Shadow at the Barrow Street Theatre. The production originated at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago. His 2008 production of a musical adaptation of The Adding Machine also moved to Off-Broadway from Chicago and received wide critical acclaim, receiving six Lucille Lortel Award nominations in the 2008 season, more than any other show. Cromer received a nomination for the 2008 Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Director of a Musical, for The Adding Machine. It is now being produced in regional theaters around the country.

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David Donoho
David Leigh Donoho, born on March 5, 1957 in Los Angeles, is a professor of statistics at Stanford University, where he is also the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the Humanities and Sciences. His work includes the development of effective methods for the construction of low-dimensional representations for high-dimensional data problems (multiscale geometric analysis), developments of wavelets for denoising and compressed sensing.
Donoho did his undergraduate studies at Princeton University, graduating in 1978. He obtained his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1983, under the supervision of Peter Jost Huber. He was on the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley from 1984 to 1990 before moving to Stanford.
He has been the Ph.D. advisor of at least 20 doctoral students, including Emmanuel Candès.
In 1991, Donoho was named a MacArthur Fellow. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992. He was the winner of the COPSS Presidents' Award in 1994. In 2001, he won the John von Neumann Prize of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. In 2002, he was appointed to the Bass professorship. He was elected a SIAM Fellow and a foreign associate of the French Académie des sciences in 2009, and in the same year received an honorary doctorate from the University of Chicago. In 2010 he won the Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics, given jointly by SIAM and the American Mathematical Society. He is also a member of the United States National Academy of Science.

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David Foster Wallace
David Foster Wallace (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an award-winning American author of novels, essays, and short stories, and a professor at Pomona College in Claremont, California. He was widely known for his 1996 novel Infinite Jest. In 2005, Time magazine included the novel in its list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present.
Los Angeles Times book editor David Ulin called Wallace "one of the most influential and innovative writers of the last 20 years." Wallace's unfinished novel, The Pale King, was published in 2011, and in 2012 was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. A biography of Wallace by D. T. Max, titled Every Love Story Is a Ghost Story, will be published in September 2012.
Wallace was born in Ithaca, New York, to James Donald Wallace and Sally Foster Wallace. In his early childhood, Wallace lived in Champaign, Illinois. In fourth grade, he moved to Urbana and attended Yankee Ridge school and Urbana High School. As an adolescent, Wallace was a regionally ranked junior tennis player.

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David Hammons
David Hammons (born 1943) is an African-American artist mostly known for his works in and around New York City during the 1970s and 1980s.
Much of his work, including Spade with Chains (1973), reflects his commitment to the civil rights and Black Power movements. In this particular work, the artist employs a provocative, derogatory term, coupled with the literal gardening instrument, in order to make a statement about the issues of bondage and resistance.
Along with these cultural overtones, Hammons’s work also blurs the notions of public and private spaces, as well as what constitutes a valuable commodity. An illustration of these concepts can be seen in Bliz-aard Ball Sale (1983), a performance piece in which Hammons situates himself alongside street vendors in downtown Manhattan in order to sell snowballs which are priced according to size. This act serves both as a parody on commodity exchange and a commentary on the capitalistic nature of art fostered by art galleries. Furthermore, it puts a satirical premium on 'whiteness', ridiculing the superficial luxury of racial classification as well as critiquing the hard social realities of street vending experienced by those who have been discriminated against in terms of race or class.

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David Hillis
David Mark Hillis (born December 21, 1958 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is an American evolutionary biologist, and the Alfred W. Roark Centennial Professor of Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is best known for his studies of molecular evolution, phylogeny, and vertebrate systematics. He created the popular Hillis Plot depiction of the evolutionary tree of life.
David Hillis was born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1958, the son of William Hillis, an epidemiologist, and Aryge Briggs Hillis, a biostatistician. Hillis lived his early years in Denmark, Belgian Congo, India, and the United States, where he developed his interests in biology and biodiversity. He has two sons, Erec and Jonathan. His younger son, Jonathan Hillis, is the National Chief of the Order of the Arrow, the Honor Society of the Boy Scouts of America. His brother is computer scientist W. Daniel Hillis, and his sister is Argye E. Hillis, a professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University.
In 1980 Hillis graduated from Baylor University with a B.S. degree in biology, followed in 1983, 1984, and 1985 with M.S., Ph.M., and Ph.D. degrees in Biological Science from the University of Kansas, specializing in molecular evolution and systematics. During this time Hillis developed molecular approaches for reconstructing the evolutionary history of organisms, or phylogeny, with a particular emphasis on the relationships of amphibians. He also made significant contributions to the understanding of hybridization, molecular processes of evolutionary change, and statistical analysis of biological phylogenies. He continued this research as an Assistant Professor at the University of Miami from 1985–1987, and then moved to the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin in 1987.

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David Isay
David Isay (born 5 December 1966) is an American radio producer and founder of Sound Portraits Productions. He is also the founder of StoryCorps, an ongoing oral history project.
Isay grew up in New Haven, Connecticut, and Manhattan, New York. He graduated from New York University in 1987.
Isay produced a wide variety of programs for NPR, including Yiddish Radio Project with Henry Sapoznik, salvaging recordings of Victor Packer. He also produced "The Execution Tapes", nineteen recordings of the 23 electrocutions carried out by the state of Georgia since 1984.
In 2003 Isay set up an oral history recording booth at Grand Central Station, in New York City.

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David Kazhdan
David Kazhdan (Hebrew: דוד קשדן‎) or Každan, Kazhdan, formerly named Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kazhdan (until he left the Soviet Union; Russian: Дми́трий Александро́вич Кажда́н), is a Soviet and Israeli mathematician known for work in representation theory.
Kazhdan was born on 20 June 1946 in Moscow, USSR. His father is Alexander Kazhdan. He earned a doctorate under Alexandre Kirillov in 1969 and was a leading member of Israel Gelfand's school of mathematics. He is Jewish, and emigrated from the Soviet Union to take a position at Harvard University in 1975. He changed his name from Dmitri Aleksandrovich to David and became an Orthodox Jew around that time.
In 2005 he immigrated to Israel and is now a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as well as a professor emeritus at Harvard.
Kazhdan has four children. His son, Eli Kazhdan, was general director of Natan Sharansky's Yisrael BaAliyah political party (now merged with Likud).
He is known for many collaborations: with Israel Gelfand, Victor Kac, George Lusztig (on an influential Kazhdan–Lusztig conjecture on Verma modules), with Grigory Margulis (Kazhdan–Margulis theorem), with Yuval Flicker and S. J. Patterson on the representations of metaplectic groups. Kazhdan's property (T) is now a much-studied aspect of representation theory.

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David Keightley
David N. Keightley is an American sinologist, historian, and Professor Emeritus, Department of History, at University of California, Berkeley.
He graduated from Columbia University with a PhD.

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David L. Felten
David L. Felten is an American neuroscientist. He is associate dean for research, at Oakland University, and vice president for research and medical director of the Beaumont Research Institute.
He received a B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969, an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1973, and a Ph.D. from the Institute of Neurological Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania in 1974. He was dean of the School of Graduate Medical Education at Seton Hall University, founding director of the Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of California Irvine, College of Medicine, and professor and chair of the Department of Neuroscience and director of the Markey Charitable Trust Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. He is on the advisory board of the Medingen Group.
He was co-founder and co-editor of Brain, Behavior and Immunity.

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David Levering Lewis
David Levering Lewis (born May 25, 1936) is the Julius Silver University Professor and Professor of History at New York University. He is twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, for part one and part two of his biography of W. E. B. Du Bois (in 1994 and 2001, respectively). He is the first author to win two Pulitzer Prizes for biography for back-to-back volumes.
The author of eight books and editor of two more, Lewis's field is comparative history with special focus on twentieth-century United States social history and civil rights. His interests include nineteenth-century Africa, twentieth-century France, and Islamic Spain.
Lewis was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. His father, John Henry Lewis, Sr., graduated from Yale University School of Divinity and received an M.A. in sociology from the University of Chicago, and was principal of Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. His mother taught high school math. Lewis attended parochial school in Little Rock, then Wilberforce Preparatory School and Xenia High School in Ohio. When the family moved to Atlanta, Georgia, Lewis attended Booker T. Washington High School his junior year until his early admission at age fifteen to Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1956.

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David Macaulay
David Macaulay (born December 2, 1946) is an author and illustrator. Now a resident of Norwich, Vermont, United States, he is an alumnus and faculty member at the Rhode Island School of Design.
Born in Lancashire, UK, Macaulay moved to Bloomfield, New Jersey at the age of eleven. He began drawing while in the United States. After graduating from high school in Cumberland, Rhode Island in 1964, he enrolled in the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), from which he received a bachelor's degree in architecture. He spent his fifth year at RISD in the European Honors Program, studying in Rome, Herculaneum and Pompeii.
Macaulay's books have sold more than two million copies in the United States, been translated into a dozen languages, and been widely praised. Time magazine said of his work, "What [Macaulay] draws, he draws better than any other pen-and-ink illustrator in the world". His numerous awards include the MacArthur Fellows Program award, the Caldecott Medal, won for his book Black and White, the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, the Christopher Award, an American Institute of Architects Medal, the Washington Children's Book Guild Nonfiction Award, the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, and a Dutch Silver Slate Pencil Award. He was a two-time nominee for the Hans Christian Andersen Award and is the recipient of the Bradford Washburn Award, presented by the Museum of Science in Boston to an outstanding contributor to science.

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David Mumford
David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for distinguished work in algebraic geometry, and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. He is currently a University Professor in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University.
Mumford was born in Worth, West Sussex in England, of an English father and American mother. His father William started an experimental school in Tanzania and worked for the then newly created United Nations.
In high school, he was a finalist in the prestigious Westinghouse Science Talent Search. After attending the Phillips Exeter Academy, Mumford went to Harvard, where he became a student of Oscar Zariski. At Harvard, he became a Putnam fellow in 1955 and 1956. He completed his Ph.D. in 1961, with a thesis entitled Existence of the moduli scheme for curves of any genus.
He met his first wife, Erika Jentsch, at Radcliffe College. After Erika died in 1988, he married his second wife, Jenifer Gordon.

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David Pingree
David Edwin Pingree (January 2, 1933, New Haven, Connecticut – November 11, 2005, Providence, Rhode Island) was a University Professor and Professor of History of Mathematics and Classics at Brown University, and was one of America's foremost historians of the exact sciences in antiquity.
He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts in 1950 and thereafter attended Harvard University, where he earned his doctorate in 1960 with a dissertation on the transmission of Hellenistic astrology to India.
He joined the History of Mathematics Department at Brown University in 1971, eventually holding the chair until his death. As successor to Otto Neugebauer (1899–1990) in Brown’s History of Mathematics Department (which Neugebauer established in 1947), Pingree numbered among his colleagues men of extraordinary learning, especially Abraham Sachs and Gerald Toomer.
Jon McGinnis of the University of Missouri, St. Louis, describes Pingree’s life-work thus:

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David R. Nelson
David R. Nelson (born September 5, 1951, Stuttgart) is an American physicist, and Arthur K. Solomon Professor of Biophysics, at Harvard University.
Nelson graduated from Cornell University Summa cum laude in 1972, with a MS in 1974, and with a Ph.D. in 1975. He was in the fourth and final class of Cornell's short-lived "Six-year Ph.D. program". Since 1997 he has been a professor at Harvard University
His research is in the field of condensed matter. Together with Bertrand Halperin, he has established the theory of dislocation-mediated melting in two dimensions.

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David Rudovsky
David Rudovsky (born 1943, Queens, New York) is a civil rights lawyer in Philadelphia. He is a founding partner of the law firm of Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing, and Feinberg[1], and a Senior Fellow at University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he teaches evidence and constitutional criminal procedure. In 1986 he was named a MacArthur Fellow by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
Rudovsky has twice appeared before the United States Supreme Court. He represented the plaintiff in Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511 (1985), which addressed whether a government official could be sued for damages based on his conduct in authorizing a warrantless wiretap for the purpose of gathering intelligence regarding a suspected threat to national security. The Supreme Court held that the official was immune from suit because his actions had not violated clearly established law. In addition, Rudovsky represented the plaintiff in City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), which addressed whether police could be sued for failing to provide medical treatment to an arrestee who had fallen down while in police custody and allegedly had suffered "emotional ailments" as a result. The Supreme Court held that the plaintiff had not proven deliberate indifference by the police to the plaintiff's medical condition, and therefore had not established that they were liable for damages.

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David Rumelhart
David Everett Rumelhart (June 12, 1942 – March 13, 2011) was an American psychologist who made many contributions to the formal analysis of human cognition, working primarily within the frameworks of mathematical psychology, symbolic artificial intelligence, and parallel distributed processing. He also admired formal linguistic approaches to cognition, and explored the possibility of formulating a formal grammar to capture the structure of stories.
In 1986, Rumelhart published Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition with James McClelland, which described their creation of computer simulations of perception, giving to computer scientists their first testable models of neural processing, and which is now regarded as a central text in the field of cognitive science.
Rumelhart's models of semantic cognition and specific knowledge in a diversity of learned domains using initially non-hierarchical neuron-like processing units continue to interest scientists in the fields of artificial intelligence, anthropology, information science, and decision science.

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David Simon
David Simon (born 1960) is an American author, journalist, and a writer/producer of television series. He worked for the Baltimore Sun City Desk for twelve years. He wrote Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets and co-wrote The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood with Ed Burns. The former book was the basis for the NBC series Homicide: Life on the Street, on which Simon served as a writer and producer. Simon adapted the latter book into the HBO mini-series The Corner.
He is the creator of the HBO television series The Wire, for which he served as executive producer, head writer, and show runner for all five seasons. He adapted the non-fiction book Generation Kill into an HBO mini-series and served as the show runner for the project. He was selected as one of the 2010 MacArthur Fellows and named an Utne Reader visionary in 2011. Simon also co-created the HBO series Treme with Eric Overmyer, which ended its second season in 2011.
Born in Washington, D.C., Simon attended Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School in Bethesda, Maryland and wrote for the school newspaper, The Tattler. He graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park. While at college he wrote for The Diamondback and became friends with contemporary David Mills.

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David Spergel
David Nathaniel Spergel (born March 25, 1961), is an American theoretical astrophysicist and Princeton University professor (currently chair of the Department of Astrophysical Sciences) known for his work on the WMAP mission. Professor Spergel is a MacArthur Fellow. He has served as the chair of the Astrophysics Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council and was once the W.M. Keck distinguished visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Not only has he focused on deciphering the data that the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) beams back from space, he was part of the team that dreamed up the mission and designed the satellite that would carry it out. Spergel is the Charles A Young Professor of Astronomy and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He shared the 2010 Shaw Prize in astronomy with Charles L. Bennett and Lyman A. Page,Jr. for their work on WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe).
Spergel was born in Rochester, New York, and attended John Glenn High School, Huntington, NY. He obtained a Bachelor's degree in Astronomy (summa cum laude) from Princeton University in 1982, and was a visiting scholar at Oxford University in 1983. He obtained his master's degree (Astronomy) at Harvard University, 1984, and his doctorate (Astronomy), Harvard University, 1985, with a thesis entitled Astrophysical Implications of Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles.

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David Werner
David Werner (Born 1934) is author of the book Donde No Hay Doctor (Where There is No Doctor), co-founder and co-director of HealthWrights (based in Palo Alto, California) and a Visiting Professor at Boston University International School of Public Health. A biologist and educator by training, he has worked for many years in village health care, community-based rehabilitation, and Child-to-Child health initiatives in the Third World, especially Mexico.
For several decades Werner served as facilitator and adviser to Project Piaxtla, a villager-run program which contributed to the early conceptualization and evolution of Primary Health Care. It was located in Ajoya, San Ignacio, Sinaloa but moved to nearby Coyotitan in 2000. Out of Piaxtla grew PROJIMO, a Community Based Rehabilitation Program Organized and run by Disabled Youth of Western Mexico, still located in Coyotitan.
Werner has worked in more than 50 countries, mostly developing countries, facilitating workshops, training programs, and approaches to "health education for change." He has been a consultant for UNICEF, WHO, the Peace Corps, UNDP, and UN-ESCAP and various state and federal governments ranging from Mexico to India and Iran. He has received awards and/or fellowships from the World Health Organization, the American Pediatric Association, the American Medical Writers Association, Guggenheim , and the MacArthur Foundation, among others. Werner is a founding member of the International People's Health Council. Werner has also been active in the Planning and Analytic Group for the People's Health Movement, which was launched at the People's Health Assembly, Bangladesh, 2000.

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Dawn Song
Dawn Song is an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department.
She received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 2010.
Song earned her B.S. (1996) from Tsinghua University, her M.S. (1999) from Carnegie Mellon University, and her Ph.D. (2002) from the University of California, Berkeley. She was an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University (2002–2007) before joining the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 2007.
Song's work focuses on computer security.
Song is the recipient of numerous awards, including a Sloan Fellowship, an NSF CAREER Award, the IBM Faculty Award, a Guggenheim fellowship, and a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship. In 2009, she was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.

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Dawn Upshaw
Dawn Upshaw (born July 17, 1960) is an American soprano described as "one of the most consequential performers of our time" by the Los Angeles Times.^{[citation needed]} The recipient of several Grammy Awards and Edison Prize-winning discs, Upshaw is at home both in opera and art song, and in repertoire from Baroque to contemporary. Many composers, including Osvaldo Golijov, John Harbison, Esa-Pekka Salonen, John Adams, and Kaija Saariaho, have written for her, and her artistic achievements are extensive. In 2007 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.
Upshaw was born in Nashville, Tennessee. She began her vocal career as a talented Rich East High School singer in Park Forest, Illinois and later attended Interlochen Arts Academy. Upshaw received a B.A. in 1982 from Illinois Wesleyan University, where she studied voice with the late Dr. David Nott. She went on to study voice with Ellen Faull at the Manhattan School of Music in New York, earning her M.M. in 1984. She also attended courses given by Jan DeGaetani at the Aspen (Colorado) Music School. She was a winner of the Young Concert Artists International Auditions (1984) and the Walter M. Naumburg Competition (1985), and was a member of the Metropolitan Opera Young Artists Development Program. Since her start in 1984, Upshaw has made more than 300 appearances at the Metropolitan Opera.

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Deborah Bial
Deborah Bial (born 1965) is an education strategist, Founder and President of the Posse Foundation.
She graduated from Brandeis University in 1987 and earned master’s and Ed.D degrees from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She is a founding partner of the consulting company, Firefly Education LLC.

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Deborah Eisenberg
Deborah Eisenberg (born November 20, 1945) is an American short-story writer, actor and teacher.
Eisenberg grew up in suburban Chicago, Illinois, and moved to New York City in the late 1960s. She was an editorial assistant at The New York Review of Books in 1973. Her longtime companion is actor-writer Wallace Shawn. She teaches at the University of Virginia. Eisenberg still lives in New York City.
Eisenberg has written four collections of stories: Transactions in a Foreign Currency (1986), Under the 82nd Airborne (1992), All Around Atlantis (1997), and Twilight of the Superheroes (2006). Her first two story collections were republished in one volume as The Work (So Far) of Deborah Eisenberg (1997). All four short-story collections were reprinted in 2010 in The Collected Stories of Deborah Eisenberg (2010)
She has also written a play, Pastorale, which was produced at Second Stage in New York City in 1982. Eisenberg has written for such magazines as The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, and The Yale Review.

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Deborah Jin

Deborah S. Jin (born 15 November 1968) is a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Professor Adjoint, Department of Physics at the University of Colorado; a fellow of the JILA, a NIST joint laboratory with the University of Colorado. In 2003, Dr. Jin's team at JILA made the first fermionic condensate. She won the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship "genius grant" in 2003, and in 2004 she was recognized by Scientific American as "Research Leader of the Year". She also was awarded The Franklin Institute's 2008 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics.[2] She is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Jin graduated from Princeton University in 1990 and received her Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago in 1995.

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Deborah W. Meier
Deborah Meier (born April 6, 1931) is an American educator often considered the founder of the modern small schools movement.^{[citation needed]} After spending several years as a kindergarten teacher in Chicago, Philadelphia and then New York City, in 1974, Meier became the founder and director of the alternative Central Park East school, which embraced progressive ideals in the tradition of John Dewey in an effort to provide better education for children in East Harlem, within the New York City public school system.
Meier then served as founding principal for two other small public elementary schools, Central Park East II and River East, both in East Harlem. In 1984, with the assistance and support of Ted Sizer's Coalition of Essential Schools, Meier founded the Central Park East Secondary School. The success of these schools has been documented in David Bensman's Central Park East and its Graduates: Learning by Heart (2000), and in Frederick Wiseman's documentary film, "High School II" (1994), among many other publications. In 1987 Meier received a MacArthur Fellowship for her efforts.

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Denny Moore
Denny Moore is an American linguist, and anthropologist.
He graduated from the University of Michigan, and from the City University of New York with a Ph.D. in Anthropology. He has worked for the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, and is Coordinator of the Linguistics Division, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem-Para, Brazil. He published a grammar of Gavião, a Brazilian Amazonian language. He is on the advisory board of the Center for Amazon Community Ecology.

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Derek Walcott
Derek Alton Walcott, OBE OCC (born 23 January 1930) is a Saint Lucian poet, playwright, writer, visual artist and receipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature.
His works include the Homeric epic poem, Omeros (1990).Robert Graves wrote that Walcott "handles English with a closer understanding of its inner magic than most, if not any, of his contemporaries”.
In 2011, Walcott received the T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry, White Egrets.
Walcott was born and raised in Castries, Saint Lucia, in the West Indies with a twin brother, the future playwright Roderick Walcott, and a sister. His family was of mixed race and ethnicity; he had two white grandfathers and two black grandmothers. His family is of African and European descent, reflecting the complex colonial history of the island which he explores in his poetry. His mother, a teacher, loved the arts and often recited poetry around the house. His father, who painted and wrote poetry, died at age 31 from mastoiditis while his wife was pregnant with the twins Derek and Roderick, who were born after his death. Walcott's family was part of a minority Methodist community, who felt overshadowed by the dominant Catholic culture of the island established during French colonial rule.

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Diane E. Meier
Diane E. Meier, M.D., (born April 15, 1952) is an American geriatrician and the Director of the Center to Advance Palliative Care (CAPC) at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. As an internationally recognized expert on palliative medicine, Meier has appeared in media including The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,ABC World News Tonight, The Open Mind with Richard Heffner, the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, USA Today, the New York Daily News,Newsday, The New Yorker and Newsweek. She was featured in the Bill Moyers series On Our Own Terms: Dying in America, a four-part PBS documentary in 2002.
Meier is the Director of the Lilian and Benjamin Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute at the Mount Sinai Medical Center and Professor of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine and the Cather Gaisman Professor of Medical Ethics at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. She has published more than 100 articles, 4 books and 29 book chapters. She has completed 15 grant projects and is currently the principal investigator on 2 grants. Under Meier's leadership, since 2004 CAPC doubled the number of palliative care programs in the U.S. She is one of four resident 2009-2010 Health and Aging Policy Fellows working with the U.S. Senate HELP committee.

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Dirk Obbink
Dirk D. Obbink (born 1957 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is an American-born papyrologist and Classicist. He is the Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature in the Faculty of Classics at Oxford University and is the head of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project. Obbink is also Fellow and Tutor in the University of Oxford (Christ Church).
Dirk Obbink's ancestors were originally from the Netherlands, later emigrating to the United States. Obbink took a BA in English at the University of Nebraska before going on to take an MA in Classical Studies and Papyrology at the same university. In 1986 he gained his PhD at Stanford University with his doctoral thesis On the Piety of the Greek Philosophers - Philodem. After an assistant professorship at Columbia University in New York in 1995 Obbink was appointed to the post of Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature in the Faculty of Classics at Christ Church, Oxford University and was appointed the head of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri Project. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a large collection of ancient manuscripts discovered by archaeologists at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt. They include thousands of Greek and Latin documents, letters and literary works. In addition, from 2003 to 2006 Obbink was the Ludwig Koenen Collegiate Professor of Papyrology at the University of Michigan.

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Donald Hopkins
Donald R. Hopkins (born 1941) is an American physician, a MacArthur Fellow and is the Vice President and Director of Health Programs at The Carter Center. He graduated from Morehouse College with a B.S., from the University of Chicago with a Doctor of Medicine, and from the Harvard School of Public Health with a Master of Public Health. He studied at the Institute of European Studies, at the University of Vienna.
From 1984 to 1987, Hopkins was deputy director and acting director (1985) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Thereafter, he was an assistant professor of tropical public health at Harvard School of Public Health. He directed the Smallpox Eradication/Measles Control Program in Sierra Leone. He has served as a consultant to the World Health Organization. Throughout his career, Hopkins has received numerous awards, including the CDC Medal of Excellence, the Distinguished Service Medal of the U.S. Public Health Service, and a MacArthur Fellowship in 1995 for his leadership in the international campaign to eradicate Guinea worm disease. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine. His book, Princess and Peasants: Smallpox in History was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1983.

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Donella Meadows
Donella H. "Dana" Meadows (March 13, 1941 Elgin, Illinois, USA - February 20, 2001, Hanover, New Hampshire) was a pioneering American environmental scientist, teacher and writer. She is best known as lead author of the influential book The Limits to Growth, which made headlines around the world.
Born in Elgin, Illinois, Meadows was educated in science, receiving a B.A. in chemistry from Carleton College in 1963, and a Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard in 1968. After a year-long trip with her husband, Dennis Meadows, from England to Sri Lanka and back, she became, along with him, a research fellow at MIT as a member of a team in the department created by Jay Forrester, the inventor of system dynamics as well as the principle of magnetic data storage for computers. She taught at Dartmouth College for 29 years, beginning in 1972.
Meadows was honored both as a Pew Scholar in Conservation and Environment (1991) and as a MacArthur Fellow (1994). She received the Walter C. Paine Science Education Award in 1990. She also posthumously received the John H. Chafee Excellence in Environmental Affairs Award for 2001 presented by the Conservation Law Foundation.

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Dorothy Stoneman
Dorothy Stoneman is the founder and president of YouthBuild USA, and chairman of the YouthBuild Coalition, with over 1000 member organizations in 43 states, Washington D.C. and the Virgin Islands.

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Douglas Crase
Douglas Crase (born 1944) is an American poet, essayist and critic. He was born in 1944 in Battle Creek, Michigan. His poetry collection, The Revisionist, was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award and an American Book Award. He is a former MacArthur Fellow. Crase lives in New York City and Honesdale, Pennsylvania. His work has been published in many collections, including his poem "Astropastoral", found in The KGB Bar Book Of Poems edited by David Lehman and Star Black.

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Douglas D. Osheroff
Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is an American physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics along with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson.
Osheroff's father was the son of Jewish immigrants who left Russia and his mother was the daughter of Slovak immigrants. Osheroff, born in Aberdeen, Washington, earned his Bachelor's degree in 1967 from Caltech, where he attended lectures by Richard Feynman and did undergraduate research for Gerry Neugebauer.
Osheroff joined the Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics at Cornell University as a graduate student, doing research in low-temperature physics. Together with David Lee, the head of the laboratory, and Robert C. Richardson, Osheroff used a Pomeranchuk cell to investigate the behaviour of ³He at temperatures within a few thousandths of a degree of absolute zero. They discovered unexpected effects in their measurements, which they eventually explained as phase transitions to a superfluid phase of ³He. Lee, Richardson and Osheroff were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1996 for this discovery.

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Edet Belzberg
Edet Belzberg is a documentary filmmaker.
Belzberg received a B.A. in 1991 from the University of Colorado, Boulder and an M.A. in 1997 from the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. She received the Columbia University School of Journalism's John M. Patterson Enterprise Award in 1997 for her documentary short "A Master Violinist", about a Chinese political refugee.
With assistance from the Soros Documentary Fund (now the Sundance Documentary Fund), Belzberg made her first feature film Children Underground, a documentary about five homeless street children who live in the subway system of Bucharest, Romania. The film won the Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival (2001), and received the Best Documentary Film Award from the International Documentary Association (2001). Children Underground was also nominated for a 2001 Academy Award and was one of the first recipients of the IFP Anthony Radziwill Documentary Prize.
Her 2005 documentary Gymnast studied three American female gymnasts preparing for the Olympic Games.

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Edgar Meyer
Edgar Meyer (born November 24, 1960) is a prominent contemporary bassist and composer. His styles include classical, bluegrass, newgrass, and jazz. Meyer has worked as a session musician in Nashville, part of various chamber groups, a composer, and an arranger. His collaborators have spanned a wide range of musical styles and talents; among them are Joshua Bell, Yo-Yo Ma, Jerry Douglas, Béla Fleck, Zakir Hussain, Sam Bush, James Taylor, Chris Thile, Mike Marshall, Mark O'Connor, Alison Krauss, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and the trio Nickel Creek.
Meyer grew up in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. He learned to play the double bass from his father, the late Edgar Meyer, Sr., who directed the string orchestra program for the local public school system. Meyer later went on to Indiana University to study with Stuart Sankey.
Meyer is noted for achieving virtuosity on an instrument of unusual technical difficulty. Following in the footsteps of other bass players like Gary Karr and Mark Bernat before him, he has tried a hand at performing music originally composed for other instruments, such as Bach's unaccompanied cello suites.

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Edith Widder
Edith Widder (born 1951) is an American oceanographer, marine biologist, and the Co-founder, CEO and Senior Scientist at the Ocean Research & Conservation Association.
She graduated from Tufts University magna cum laude with a B.S. in Biology, from University of California, Santa Barbara with an M.S. in Biochemistry, and from University of California, Santa Barbara with a PhD in Neurobiology, in 1982. She was a senior scientist and director of the Bioluminescence Department at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution from 1989 to 2005. Certified as a Scientific Research Pilot for Atmospheric Diving Systems in 1984, she holds certifications that qualify her to dive the deep diving suit WASP as well as the single-person untethered submersibles DEEP ROVER and DEEP WORKER and she has made over 250 dives in the JOHNSON SEA LINK submersibles. Her research involving submersibles has been featured in BBC, PBS, Discovery Channel and National Geographic television productions.
A specialist in bioluminescence she has been a leader in helping to design and invent new instrumentation and techniques that enable scientists to see the ocean in new ways. These include HIDEX, a bathyphotometer which is the U.S. Navy standard for measuring bioluminescence in the ocean, and a remotely operated camera system, known as Eye in the Sea (EITS), an unobtrusive deep-sea observatory.

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Edward Hirsch
Edward Hirsch (born January 20, 1950) is an American poet and critic who wrote a national bestseller about reading poetry. He has published eight books of poems, including The Living Fire: New and Selected Poems (2010), which brings together thirty-five years of work. He is president of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in New York City (not to be mistaken with E. D. Hirsch, Jr.).
Hirsch was born in Chicago. He had a childhood involvement with poetry, which he later explored at Grinnell College and the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a Ph.D. in folklore.
Hirsch was a professor of English at Wayne State University. In 1985, he joined the faculty at the University of Houston, where he spent 17 years as a professor in the Creative Writing Program and Department of English. He was appointed the fourth president of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation on September 3, 2002. He holds seven honorary degrees.
Hirsch is a well-known advocate for poetry whose essays have been published in the American Poetry Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Review of Books, and elsewhere. He wrote a weekly column on poetry for The Washington Post Book World from 2002-2005, which resulted in his book Poet’s Choice (2006). His other prose books include Responsive Reading (1999) and The Demon and the Angel: Searching for the Source of Artistic Inspiration (2002). He is the editor of Transforming Vision: Writers on Art (1994), Theodore Roethke’s Selected Poems (2005) and To a Nightingale (2007). He is the co-editor of A William Maxwell Portrait: Memories and Appreciations and The Making of a Sonnet: A Norton Anthology (2008). He also edits the series “The Writer’s World” (Trinity University Press).

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Edward P. Jones
Edward Paul Jones (born 1951) is an American novelist and short story writer. His 2003 novel The Known World received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.
Edward Paul Jones was born and raised in Washington, D.C., and educated at both the College of the Holy Cross and the University of Virginia.
His first book, Lost in the City, is a collection of short stories about the African-American working class in 20th-century Washington, D.C. In the early stories are some who are like first-generation immigrants, as they have come to the city as part of the Great Migration from the rural South.
His second book, The Known World, was set in a fictional Virginia county and had a protagonist who was a mixed-race black planter and slaveholder. It won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the 2005 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.
Jones's third book, All Aunt Hagar's Children, was published in 2006. Like Lost in the City, it is a collection of short stories that deal with African Americans, mostly in Washington, D.C. Several of the stories had been previously published in The New Yorker magazine. The stories in the book take up the lives of ancillary characters in Lost in the City. In 2007, it was a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award, which was won by Philip Roth's Everyman.

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Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist with a focus on mathematical physics who is currently a professor of Mathematical Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study.
Witten is a researcher in superstring theory, a theory of quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories and other areas of mathematical physics.
He has made contributions in mathematics and helped bridge gaps between fundamental physics and various areas of mathematics. In 1990 he was the world's first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Union of Mathematics. In 2004, Time magazine stated that Witten was widely thought to be the world's greatest living theoretical physicist.
Witten was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He is the son of Lorraine W. Witten and Louis Witten, a theoretical physicist specializing in gravitation and general relativity.
Witten attended the Park School of Baltimore (class of '68), and received his Bachelor of Arts with a major in history and minor in linguistics from Brandeis University in 1971. He published articles in The New Republic and The Nation. In 1968 Witten published an article in The Nation arguing that the New Left had no strategy. He worked briefly for George McGovern, a Democratic presidential nominee in 1972. McGovern lost the election in a landslide to Richard Nixon.

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Edwidge Danticat
Edwidge Danticat (Haitian Creole pronunciation: [ɛdwidʒ dãtika]; born January 19, 1969) is a Haitian-American author.
Danticat was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. When she was two years old, her father André immigrated to New York, to be followed two years later by her mother Rose. This left Danticat and her younger brother Eliab to be raised by her aunt and uncle. Although her formal education in Haiti was in French, she spoke Kreyòl at home.
While still in Haiti, Danticat wrote her first short story about a girl who was visited by a clan of women each night.^{[citation needed]} At the age of 12, she moved to Brooklyn, New York, to join her parents in a heavily Haitian American neighborhood. As she was an immigrant teenager, Edwidge's accent and upbringing were a source of discomfort for her, thus she turned to literature for solace.^{[citation needed]} Two years later she published her first writing, in English, "A Haitian-American Christmas: Cremace and Creole Theatre," in New Youth Connections, a citywide magazine written by teenagers. She later wrote a story about her immigration experience for New Youth Connections, "A New World Full of Strangers." In the introduction to Starting With I, an anthology of stories from the magazine, Danticat wrote, “When I was done with the [immigration] piece, I felt that my story was unfinished, so I wrote a short story, which later became a book, my first novel: Breath, Eyes, Memory…. Writing for New Youth Connections had given me a voice. My silence was destroyed completely, indefinitely.”

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Edwin Hutchins
Edwin Hutchins is a professor and former department head of cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego. Hutchins is one of the main developers of distributed cognition.
Hutchins was a student of the cognitive anthropologist Roy D'Andrade and has been a strong advocate of the use of anthropological methods in cognitive science. He is considered the father of modern cognitive ethnography.^{[citation needed]} His early work involved studies of logic in legal discourse among people of the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea.
For a time he worked in the Navy doing research on how crews of ship can function as a distributed machine, offloading the cognitive burden of ship navigation onto each member of the crew. He was a recipient of the prestigious MacArthur "Genius Grant".
In 1995, Hutchins published Cognition in the Wild. CITW provides a detailed study of distributed cognitive processes in a navy ship (an Iwo Jima class amphibious assault ship), and as with other works related to distributed cognition, criticizes disembodied views of cognition and proposes an alternative which looks at cognitive systems that may be composed of multiple agents and the material world.

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Eiko Otake
Eiko Otake and Takashi Koma Otake, generally known as Eiko & Koma, are a Japanese performance duo. Since 1972, Eiko & Koma have worked as co-artistic directors, choreographers, and performers, creating a unique theater of movement out of stillness, shape, light, sound, and time. For most of their multi-disciplinary works, Eiko & Koma also create their own sets and costumes, and they are usually the sole performers in their work. Neither of them studied traditional Japanese dance or theater forms and prefer to choreograph and perform only their own works. They do not bill their work as Butoh though Eiko & Koma cite Kazuo Ohno (a Butoh pioneer) as their main inspiration.
Eiko & Koma are permanent residents of the United States in New York City. They have presented their works in theaters, universities, museums, galleries, and festivals worldwide, including numerous appearances in American Dance Festival, five seasons at BAM’s Next Wave Festival, four seasons at the Joyce Theater, and a month-long “living” gallery installation in the Whitney Museum of American Art. They were 1996 recipients of a MacArthur Fellows Program “genius grant”.

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Elaine Pagels
Elaine Pagels, née Hiesey (born Palo Alto, California, February 13, 1943), is the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University. The recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship, she is best known for her studies and writing on the Gnostic Gospels. Her popular books include The Gnostic Gospels (1979), Adam, Eve and the Serpent (1988), The Origin of Satan (1995), Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas (2003), Reading Judas: The Gospel of Judas and the Shaping of Christianity (2007), and Revelations: Visions, Prophecy, and Politics in the Book of Revelation (2012).
Pagels was born in California, daughter of a research biologist. Pagels ceased attending church^{[clarification needed]} after the death of a Jewish friend. She graduated from Stanford University (B.A. 1964, M.A. 1965). After briefly studying dance at Martha Graham's studio, she began studying for her Ph.D. in religion at Harvard University, as a student of Helmut Koester, and part of a team studying the Nag Hammadi library manuscripts. She married theoretical physicist Heinz Pagels in 1969. Upon completing the Ph.D. in 1970, she joined the faculty at Barnard College, where she headed the department of religion from 1974 until she moved to Princeton in 1982.

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Eleanor Wilner
Eleanor Rand Wilner (born 1937 Ohio) is an American poet, and editor.
She graduated from Goucher College, and from Johns Hopkins University with a Ph.D.
She was editor of The American Poetry Review, and she is Advisory Editor of Calyx. She has taught at the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and Smith College. She is on the faculty of the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College, and lives in Philadelphia.
She has been active in civil rights and peace movements.

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Elinor Ochs
Elinor Ochs is an American linguistic anthropologist, and professor of Anthropology at University of California, Los Angeles. Ochs is married to Alessandro Duranti, faculty member at UCLA and current Dean of Social Sciences at UCLA.

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Eliot Wigginton
Eliot Wigginton (born Brooks Eliot Wigginton on November 9, 1942) is an American oral historian, folklorist, writer and former educator. He was most widely known for developing the Foxfire Project, a writing project that led to a magazine and the series of best-selliing Foxfire books, twelve volumes in all. These were based on articles by high school students from Rabun County, Georgia. In 1986 he was named "Georgia Teacher of the Year" and in 1989 he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.
Brooks Eliot Wigginton was born in West Virginia in 1942. His family called him Eliot. He earned his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in English from Cornell University and a second Master's from Johns Hopkins University. In 1966, he began teaching English in the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School, located in the Appalachian Mountains of northeastern Georgia.
Wigginton began a writing project based on his students' collecting oral histories from local residents and writing them up. They published the histories and articles in a small magazine format beginning in 1967. Topics included all manner of folklife practices and customs associated with farming and the rural life of southern Appalachia, as well as the folklore and oral history of local residents. The magazine began to reach a national audience and became quite popular.

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Elizabeth LeCompte
Elizabeth LeCompte (born April 28, 1944) is a founding member and the theater director of experimental theater collective The Wooster Group (emerged 1975, founded 1980).
In 1970, Elizabeth LeCompte began her experimental theater work when she joined Richard Schechner's theater troupe The Performance Group (1967–1980) at its home the Performing Garage. While working with The Performance Group, she began developing a series of performances based on the experiences of fellow group member Spalding Gray. In 1975, beginning with the production of Sakonnet Point, the new experimental was distinct from the methods of The Performance Group. In 1980, with Schechner's resignation, The Performance Group ceased to exist and was replaced with The Wooster Group which continues to stage new productions at the Performing Garage. As director of The Wooster Group, Elizabeth LeCompte, along with others has "conceived and constructed fifteen works for the theatre, six works for film and video, three radio pieces and four dance pieces".^{[citation needed]}

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Elizabeth Streb
Elizabeth Streb (born February 23, 1950) is an American choreographer, performer, and teacher of contemporary dance.
Streb was born and raised in Rochester, New York and, after graduating from the dance program of State University of New York at Brockport in 1972, she was interested in experimental works and worked and performed for many years with investigational groups including Molissa Fenley’s. She also worked and performed with Margaret Jenkins in San Francisco for two years before relocating back to New York City In 1975, upon her arrival in New York City, Streb created her dance company STREB/ Ringside.
In 1996 she was awarded a grant from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award. In 1997, she was awarded a fellowship from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (sometimes called a “Genius” grant), two New York Dance and Performance (Bessie) Awards, and grants from John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, The National Endowment for the Arts, the New York Foundation for the Arts and the Mellon Foundation.

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Ellen Silbergeld
Ellen Kovner Silbergeld (born 1945) is a leading expert in the field of environmental health. After graduating from Vassar College summa cum laude in 1967, she earned a Ph.D. in environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University in 1972. She is a professor at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University and formerly was on the faculty at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Before that she worked as a scientist for Environmental Defense. She is editor-in-chief of the journal Environmental Research. She is an authority on the toxicological manifestations of lead and mercury poisoning, having done some of the first research on how lead affects the central nervous system. Silbergeld has also been involved in public policy and raised public awareness of the dangers of lead. In 1993, she received the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship ("genius award") from the MacArthur Foundation.

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Ellen Stewart
Ellen Stewart (November 7, 1919 – January 13, 2011) was an American theater director and producer and the founder of La MaMa, E.T.C. (Experimental Theatre Club). In the 1950s she worked as a fashion designer for Saks Fifth Avenue, Bergdorf Goodman, Lord & Taylor, and Henri Bendel.
Ellen Stewart was either born in Alexandria, Louisiana or Chicago, Illinois. This inexactitude stems from Stewart's reticence about revealing details of her early life. As an observer wrote, "Her history is somewhat difficult to sort out—indeed it takes on a legendary quality—since on different occasions she gives different version of the same stories." Of her parents, Stewart stated that her father was a tailor from Louisiana and her mother was a teacher and that they divorced during her youth.
Around 1939 Stewart may have become the second wife of Larry Lebanus Hovell (born August 10, 1910 — died October 1963, a Chicago waiter who was a native of Alexandria, Louisiana, although it is possible they never legally wed. They had one child, a son, Larry Lebanus Hovell, II (1940—1998).

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Elliot Sperling
Elliot Sperling is Associate Professor of Central Eurasian Studies and an expert on the history of Tibet and Tibetan-Chinese relations at Indiana University.
He earned his B.A. at Queens College (1973), and his Ph.D. in Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University (1983).
His field of study is Tibet and its relationship with China.

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Elma Lewis
Elma Idna Lewis (September 15, 1921 – January 1, 2004) was the founder of the National Center of Afro-American Artists (including a museum) and the Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts. She received the MacArther Fellows Grant in 1981. She was also given a Presidential Medal for the Arts by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. She is also an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

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Elouise Cobell
Elouise Pepion Cobell, Yellow Bird Woman (November 5, 1945 – October 16, 2011) was a Niitsítapi (Blackfoot Confederacy) elder and activist, banker, rancher, a Native American leader, and lead plaintiff in the groundbreaking litigation Cobell v. Salazar, which challenged the United States' mismanagement of trust funds belonging to more than 500,000 individual Native Americans. In 2010 the government approved a $3.4 billion settlement for the trust case, including a portion for settlement of four Indian water-rights cases. The major portion of the settlement is to be used to buy back lands and restore them to the Native American tribes.
Elouise Cobell was a member of the Blackfeet Indian Tribe of Montana, one of eight children of Polite and xxx Cobell, and a great-granddaughter of Mountain Chief, one of the legendary Blackfeet leaders of the West. She graduated from Great Falls Business College and attended Montana State University.
She was the Executive Director of the Native American Community Development Corporation, a non-profit affiliate of Native American Bank. She also served as Chairperson for the Blackfeet National Bank, the first national bank located on an Indian reservation and owned by a Native American tribe. Her professional, civic experience and expertise includes serving as Co-Chair of Native American Bank, NA.; a Board Member for First Interstate Bank; a Trustee of the National Museum of the American Indian; as well as a member of other boards. She served for thirteen years as the Treasurer for the Blackfeet Indian Nation in Montana.

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Elyn Saks
Elyn Saks is Associate Dean and Orrin B. Evans Professor of Law, Psychology, and Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences at the University of Southern California Gould Law School and an expert in mental health law.
She suffers from schizophrenia and has written about her experience with the illness in her autobiography, The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness published by Hyperion Books, 2007. Dr. Saks is in training as a psychoanalyst in Southern California.
Saks says "there’s a tremendous need to implode the myths of mental illness, to put a face on it, to show people that a diagnosis does not have to lead to a painful and oblique life". In recent years, researchers have begun talking about mental health care in the same way addiction specialists speak of recovery — the lifelong journey of self-treatment and discipline that guides substance abuse programs. The idea remains controversial: managing a severe mental illness is more complicated than simply avoiding certain behaviors. Approaches include "medication (usually), therapy (often), a measure of good luck (always) — and, most of all, the inner strength to manage one’s demons, if not banish them". That strength can come from any number of places, these former patients say: love, forgiveness, faith in God, a lifelong friendship. Saks says "we who struggle with these disorders can lead full, happy, productive lives, if we have the right resources".

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Emily Thompson
Emily Ann Thompson (born 1962) is an American aural historian. She teaches at Princeton University.
She graduated from the Rochester Institute of Technology with a B.S. in Physics in 1984, and from Princeton University, with a Ph.D. in the history of science in 1992. She was Associate Professor of History at University of California, San Diego, from 2005 to 2006.
Emily Thompson's book is a welcome addition to this growing body of literature. The book shows how American scientists and engineers, in the early twentieth century, developed tools and techniques to measure and control the behavior of sound. As these men gained technological mastery over physical environments, they transformed the nation's aural landscape and brought a new sense of uniformity and efficiency to daily life.

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Emmanuel Saez
Emmanuel Saez (born November 26, 1972, in Spain) is a French economist. Saez is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. His work, done with Thomas Piketty, includes tracking the incomes of the poor, middle class and rich around the world. Their work shows that top earners in the United States have taken an increasingly larger share of overall income over the last three decades, with almost as much inequality as before the Great Depression. He recommends much higher taxes on the rich, up to 70% or 90%. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2009 and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2010.
He was the recipient of the 2009 John Bates Clark Medal, awarded to "that American economist under the age of forty who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge." Saez's research contributions have been mainly in the field of Public Economics. The 2009 John Bates Clark citation reads:
"[Saez's] work attacks policy questions from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, on the one hand refining the theory in ways that link the characteristics of optimal policy to measurable aspects of the economy and of behavior, while on the other hand undertaking careful and creative empirical studies designed to fill the gaps in measurement identified by the theory. Through a collection of interrelated papers, he has brought the theory of taxation closer to practical policy making, and has helped to lead a resurgence of academic interest in taxation."

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Eric Charnov
Eric L. Charnov (born October 29, 1947 ) is an American evolutionary ecologist. He is best known for his work on foraging, especially the marginal value theorem, and life history theory, especially sex allocation and scaling/allometric rules. He is a MacArthur Fellow and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Two of his papers are Science Citation Classics.
Charnov gained his PhD in evolutionary ecology from the University of Washington in 1973. He is a Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of New Mexico.
His research interests are:
Metabolic ecology: temperature and body size in the determination of biological times and rates; Evolutionary ecology: population genetics, evolutionary game theory, and optimization models to understand the evolution of life histories, sex allocation, sexual selection, and foraging decisions.

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Eric Wolf
Eric Robert Wolf (February 1, 1923 – March 6, 1999) was an anthropologist, best known for his studies of peasants, Latin America, and his advocacy of Marxian perspectives within anthropology.
Wolf was born in Vienna, but his Jewish family moved first to England and then America to avoid persecution, and Wolf was raised largely in New York. He fought overseas in WWII and saw action in Italy with the 10th Mountain Division. Like many returning soldiers he took advantage of the newly-minted G.I. Bill to get a college education and developed an interest in other cultures. Wolf began studying anthropology at Columbia University.
Columbia had been the home of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict for many years, and was the central location for the spread of anthropology in America. By the time Wolf had arrived Boas had died and his anthropological style, which was suspicious of generalization and preferred detailed studies of particular subjects, was also out of fashion. The new chair of the anthropology department was Julian Steward, a student of Robert Lowie and Alfred Kroeber. Steward was interested in creating a scientific anthropology which explained how societies evolved and adapted to their physical environment.

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Erik Demaine
Erik D. Demaine (b. February 28, 1981, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada), is a professor of Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Erik was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. His parents are Martin Demaine and Judy Anderson. At age 7, he spent time travelling North America with his father, Martin Demaine, an artist and sculptor; he was home-schooled. Demaine was a child prodigy. He entered Dalhousie University in Canada at the age of 12, completed his bachelor's degree when only 14 and completed his PhD when only 20 years old.
His PhD dissertation, a seminal work in the field of computational origami, was completed at the University of Waterloo. This work was awarded the Canadian Governor General's Gold Medal from the University of Waterloo and the NSERC Doctoral Prize (2003) for the best PhD thesis and research in Canada (one of four awards). This thesis work was largely incorporated into a book.
He joined the MIT faculty in 2001 at age 20, reportedly the youngest professor in the history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2003 he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Erik Mueggler
Erik Mueggler is an American anthropologist, and Professor at the University of Michigan.
He attended Deep Springs College and graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. in socio-cultural anthropology, and Johns Hopkins University with a Ph.D. in anthropology

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Erik Winfree
Erik Winfree (born September 26, 1969) is an American computer scientist, bioengineer, and associate professor at California Institute of Technology. He is a leading researcher into DNA computing and DNA nanotechnology.
In 1998, Winfree in collaboration with Nadrian Seeman published the creation of two-dimensional lattices of DNA tiles using the "double crossover" motif. These tile-based structures provided the capability to implement DNA computing, which was demonstrated by Winfree and Paul Rothemund in 2004, and for which they shared the 2006 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology.
In 1999, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
He graduated from the University of Chicago with a BS, and from the Computation and Neural Systems program at the California Institute of Technology with a PhD, where he studied with John Hopfield and Al Barr. He was a Lewis Thomas Postdoctoral Fellow in Molecular Biology at Princeton University. He was a 2000 MacArthur Fellow. His father Arthur Winfree, a theoretical biologist, was also a MacArthur Fellow.

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Errol Morris
Errol Mark Morris (born February 5, 1948) is an American film director. In 2003, The Guardian put him seventh in its list of the world's 40 best directors. In 2003, his film The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Morris was born in Hewlett, New York on February 5, 1948. When he was two years old, his father died of a heart attack. His mother, a Juilliard graduate, supported Morris and his brother as a music teacher. Morris attended Hewlett Elementary School in a class with Brent Glass, Tony Kornheiser and former Village Voice editor David Schneiderman.^{[citation needed]}
After being treated for strabismus in childhood, he refused to wear an eye patch. As a consequence, he has limited sight in one eye and lacks normal stereoscopic vision.
In the 10th grade, Morris attended the Putney School, a boarding school in Vermont. He began playing the cello, spending a summer in France studying music under the acclaimed Nadia Boulanger, who also taught Morris' future collaborator Philip Glass. Describing Morris as a teenager, Mark Singer wrote that he "read with a passion the forty-odd Oz books, watched a lot of television, and on a regular basis went with a doting but not quite right maiden aunt ("I guess you'd have to say that Aunt Roz was somewhat demented") to Saturday matinées, where he saw such films as This Island Earth and Creature from the Black Lagoon — horror movies that, viewed again 30 years later, still seem scary to him."

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Esther Duflo
Esther Duflo (born October 25, 1972) is a French economist, Co-Founder and Director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, and Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Duflo is an NBER Research Associate, serves on the board of the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), and is Director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research's development economics program.
Her research focuses on microeconomic issues in developing countries, including household behavior, education, access to finance, health, and policy evaluation. Together with Abhijit Banerjee, Dean Karlan, Michael Kremer, John A. List, and Sendhil Mullainathan, she has been a driving force in advancing field experiments as an important methodology to discover causal relationships in economics.
After studying in Lycée Henri IV's "classes préparatoires BL" Duflo completed her undergraduate studies at L'Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1994, received a master's degree from DELTA in Paris (Now, Paris School of Economics) jointly with L'Ecole Normale Supérieure in 1995, and completed a PhD in Economics at MIT in 1999. Upon completing her MIT PhD she was appointed assistant professor of economics at MIT, and has been at MIT ever since, aside from being on leave to Princeton University in 2001-2002. She was promoted to associate professor (with tenure) in 2002, at the age of 29, making her among the youngest faculty at the Institute to be awarded tenure.

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Eva Silverstein
Eva Silverstein (born 1970) is a string theorist. She is married to fellow string theorist Shamit Kachru. She and Kachru were both proteges of Edward Witten.
She is best known for her work on tachyon condensation in string theory and resulting resolution of some spacetime singularities (with Adams, Polchinski, and others). Her other significant research contributions include the construction of the first models of dark energy in string theory, some basic extensions of the AdS/CFT correspondence to more realistic field theories (with Kachru), and the discovery of a predictive new mechanism for cosmic inflation involving D-brane dynamics (with Tong and Alishahiha).
I first became interested when I learned what physics was some time in high school. I had a very interesting high school physics teacher. I had always enjoyed math and physical science and when I saw the power of physics to explain and predict physical phenomena through simple principles and calculations, I became hooked. I was especially fascinated by special relativity, which starts from a simple physical principle that the speed of light, and in general all laws of nature, are the same in all reference frames, and derives through simple high school algebra amazing consequences such as the fact that time slows down in moving frames. When I realized that one could produce such things full time and actually make a living at it, I never really looked back.

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Eve Troutt Powell
Eve M. Troutt Powell is a historian of the Middle East and North Africa, and an Associate Professor at University of Pennsylvania in the Department of History.
She graduated with a B.A, M.A., and Ph.D. from Harvard University. She taught at the University of Georgia. She was a presidential intern at American University of Cairo. She is a member of the American Historical Association. She is an expert on Egypt, Sudan, and slavery in the Nile Valley.

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Evelyn Fox Keller
Evelyn Fox Keller (born 1936) is an American physicist, author and feminist. She is currently a Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Keller has also taught at the State University of New York at Purchase, New York University and in the department of rhetoric at the University of California, Berkeley.
Keller received her B.A. in physics from Brandeis University in 1957 and continued her studies in theoretical physics at Harvard University graduating with a Ph.D. in 1963. She became interested in molecular biology during a visit to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory while completing her Ph.D. dissertation. Her subsequent research has focused on the history and philosophy of modern biology and on gender and science.
She is also on the advisory board of FFIPP-USA (Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace-USA), a network of Palestinian, Israeli, and International faculty, and students, working in for an end of the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories and just peace. [1]

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Faye Ginsburg
Faye Ginsburg is an American anthropologist, and David B. Kriser Professor of Anthropology at New York University. She founded the Center for Media, Culture and History at NYU.
She graduated from Barnard College in 1976 with a BA, and from City University of New York, with a Ph.D. in 1986.

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Fazal Sheikh
Fazal Sheikh (born 1965 New York City) is an American photographer.
He graduated from Princeton University in 1987. He exhibited at the International Center of Photography, and the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, at Tate Modern, London; the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation, Paris, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow.
He lives in Zurich, New York City and Kenya.

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Fouad Ajami
Fouad A. Ajami (Arabic: فؤاد عجمي‎; born September 9, 1945, in Arnoun, Lebanon), is a MacArthur Fellowship winning, Lebanese-born American university professor and writer on Middle Eastern issues. He is currently a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.
Ajami was an outspoken supporter of the Iraq War, about the nobility of which he believes there "can be no doubt".
Ajami was born in Arnoun, a rocky hamlet in the south of Lebanon. His Shiite family had come to Arnoun from Tabriz, Iran in the 1850s. In Arabic, the word "Ajami" means "non-Arab"; or "non arabic speaker"; consequently someone who does not speak Arabic.
Ajami arrived in the United States in the fall of 1963, just before he turned 18. He did some of his undergraduate work at Eastern Oregon College (now Eastern Oregon University) in La Grande, Oregon. He did his graduate work at the University of Washington, where he wrote his thesis on international relations and world government, and earned a PhD.
In 1973 Ajami joined the politics department of Princeton University where he did not get tenure. He made a name for himself there as a vocal supporter of Palestinian self-determination.

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Francesca Rochberg
Francesca Rochberg (Halton) (born Philadelphia) is an American Assyriologist, historian of science, and Catherine and William L. Magistretti Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Studies at University of California, Berkeley.
She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Chicago with a Ph.D. She taught at the University of California, Riverside.

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Frank N. von Hippel
Frank N. von Hippel, Professor and Co-Director, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Frank von Hippel, is a theoretical physicist, and a Professor of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. He has worked on nuclear policy issues for over thirty years. Prior to coming to Princeton, he worked for ten years in the field of theoretical elementary-particle physics.
From 1993 to 1994, he was the Assistant Director for National Security in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
In the 1980s, as chairman of the Federation of American Scientists, Von Hippel partnered with Evgenyi Velikhov in advising Mikhail Gorbachev on the technical basis for steps to end the nuclear arms race. In 1994-5, he served as Assistant Director for National Security in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
He is Co-Chair of the International Panel on Fissile Materials.
Primary areas of policy research include: nuclear arms control and nonproliferation, nuclear power and energy issues, improving automobile fuel economy, and checks and balances in policymaking for technology. He played a major role in developing cooperative programs to increase the security of Russian nuclear-weapons-usable materials.

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Frank Sulloway
Frank J. Sulloway (born 1947) is a visiting Scholar in the Institute of Personality and Social Research at the University of California, Berkeley, and a Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology.
He graduated from Harvard College summa cum laude, and with a Ph.D. in the history of science. He was a visiting scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Frank Wilczek
Frank Anthony Wilczek (born May 15, 1951) is a theoretical physicist from the United States and a Nobel laureate. He is currently the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Wilczek, along with David Gross and H. David Politzer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004 for their discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction.
Born in Mineola, New York, of Polish and Italian origin, Wilczek was educated in the public schools of Queens, attending Martin Van Buren High School. It was around this time Wilczek's parents realized that he was exceptional - in part as a result of Frank Wilczek having been administered an IQ test.
He received his Bachelor of Science in Mathematics at the University of Chicago in 1970, a Master of Arts in Mathematics at Princeton University, 1972, and a Ph.D. in physics at Princeton University in 1974. Wilczek holds the Herman Feshbach Professorship of Physics at MIT Center for Theoretical Physics. He worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

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Franklin Stahl
Dr. Franklin William Stahl (born October 6, 1929) is an American molecular biologist. With Matthew Meselson, Stahl conducted the famous Meselson-Stahl experiment showing that DNA is replicated by a semiconservative mechanism, meaning that each strand of the DNA serves as a template for the "replicated" strand.
He is Emeritus Professor of Biology at the University of Oregon's Institute of Molecular Biology in Eugene, Oregon.

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Fred Cuny
Frederick C. Cuny (born November 14, 1944 in New Haven, Connecticut) was an American disaster relief specialist who was active in many humanitarian projects around the world from 1969 until his forced disappearance in Chechnya in 1995.
In 1952 Cuny moved with his family to Texas. He had a passion for flying and hoped to become a fighter pilot. He studied engineering at Texas A&M University, specializing in problems in developing countries, and urban planning at the University of Houston. Unable to pass his language requirements, Cuny could not go on to Officers' Candidate School, thus ending his dream of life as an officer in the military. However, he became increasingly involved in causes such as the problems of local Mexican migrant workers.
Cuny became an accomplished civil engineer, working on large construction projects such as a radar installation at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. At some point he became dissatisfied and decided to become a disaster relief specialist who used his training in engineering to do humanitarian work. Cuny was hired by organizations such as the United Nations and private foundations to design and carry out relief plans. Cuny was able to maintain the autonomy to devise solutions his way and became increasingly active as a policy adviser. Cuny's overriding goal was to institute a radical restructuring of the way the disaster relief system operated throughout the world.

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Fred Wilson (artist)
Conceptual artist Fred Wilson (born in 1954 in The Bronx) describes himself as of "African, Native American, European and Amerindian" descent. Wilson received a MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant in 1999 and the Larry Aldrich Foundation Award in 2003. Wilson represented the United States at the Biennial Cairo in 1992 and the Venice Biennale in 2003. In May 2008, it was announced Mr. Wilson will become a Whitney Museum trustee replacing Chuck Close. Fred Wilson is represented by The Pace Gallery in New York.
An alumnus of the famous Music & Art High School in New York, Wilson received a BFA from SUNY Purchase in 1976, where he was the only black student in his program. He says that he no longer has a strong desire to make things with his hands. “I get everything that satisfies my soul,” he says, “from bringing together objects that are in the world, manipulating them, working with spatial arrangements, and having things presented in the way I want to see them.”
An installation artist and political activist, Wilson's subject is social justice and his medium is museology. In the 1970s, he worked as a free-lance museum educator for the American Museum of Natural History, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the American Crafts Museum. Beginning in the late 1980s, Wilson used his insider skills to create a series of "mock museums" that address how museums consciously or unwittingly reinforce racist beliefs and behaviors.

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Frederick Wiseman
Frederick Wiseman (born January 1, 1930 in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) is an American documentary filmmaker. He came to documentary filmmaking after first being trained as a lawyer. He has won numerous film awards, as well as Guggenheim and MacArthur fellowships.
In 2003, Wiseman was awarded the Dan David Prize for his outstanding films, which make us reckon with our emotions and the cost to society of marginalizing those who cannot speak for themselves. In 2006, Wiseman received the George Polk Career Award, given annually by Long Island University to honor contributions to journalistic integrity and investigative reporting.
The first feature-length film that Wiseman produced was The Cool World in 1963. He next produced and directed Titicut Follies (1967). He has both produced and directed all of his films since. They chiefly are studies of social institutions: for example, hospital, high school, police department. All have been aired on PBS, one of his primary funders.
The style of Wiseman's films are often referred to as the observational mode, which has its roots in direct cinema. However, Wiseman dislikes the term:

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Fritz John
Fritz John (14 June 1910 – 10 February 1994) was a German-born mathematician specialising in partial differential equations and ill-posed problems. His early work was on the Radon transform and he is remembered for John's equation.
He studied mathematics from 1929 to 1933 in Göttingen where he was influenced by Richard Courant among others. With Hitler's rise to power in 1933 "non-aryans" were being expelled from teaching posts, and John emigrated from Germany and immigrated to England.
John published his first paper in 1934 on Morse theory. He was awarded his doctorate in 1934 with a thesis entitled Determining a function from its integrals over certain manifolds from Göttingen. With Richard Courant's assistance he spent a year at St John's College, Cambridge. During this time he published papers on the Radon transform, a theme to which he would return.
John was appointed an assistant professor at the University of Kentucky in 1935 and he emigrated to the United States becoming naturalised in 1941. He stayed at Kentucky until 1946 apart from 1943 to 1945 during which he did war service for the Ballistic Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. In 1946 he moved to New York University where he remained.

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Galway Kinnell
Galway Kinnell (born February 1, 1927) is an American poet. For his 1982 Selected Poems he won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and split the National Book Award for Poetry with Charles Wright. From 1989 to 1993 he was poet laureate for the state of Vermont.
An admitted follower of Walt Whitman, Kinnell rejects the idea of seeking fulfillment by escaping into the imaginary world. His best-loved and most anthologized poems are "St. Francis and the Sow" and "After Making Love We Hear Footsteps".
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Kinnell said that as a youth he was turned on to poetry by Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson, drawn to both the musical appeal of their poetry and the idea that they led solitary lives. The allure of the language spoke to what he describes as the homogeneous feel of his hometown, Pawtucket, Rhode Island. He has also described himself as an introvert during his childhood.^{[citation needed]}
Kinnell studied at Princeton University, graduating in 1948 alongside friend and fellow poet W.S. Merwin. He received his master of arts degree from the University of Rochester. He traveled extensively in Europe and the Middle East, and went to Paris on a Fulbright Fellowship. During the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement in the United States caught his attention. Upon returning to the US, he joined CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) and worked on voter registration and workplace integration in Hammond, Louisiana. This effort got him arrested. In 1968, he signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. Kinnell draws upon both his involvement with the civil rights movement and his experiences protesting against the Vietnam War in his book-long poem The Book of Nightmares.

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Garth Youngberg
Ivan Garth Youngberg was the founder and director of the Institute for Alternative Agriculture.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a PhD in Political Science in 1971. He taught at Southwest Missouri State University, where he was chairman of the Political Science department until 1981. He was a member of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Study Team for Organic Farming, and Organic Resources Coordinator, for the USDA. He lost his job during the Ronald Reagan administration transition. He was a specialist with the Maryland Environmental Service. He supported the Organic Farming Research Foundation.

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Gary A. Tomlinson
Gary Tomlinson is an American musicologist, and a full time faculty member at Yale University. He was formerly the Annenberg Professor in the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, with a Ph.D., in 1979.
Music in renaissance magic: toward a historiography of others, University of Chicago press, 1993
With Joseph Kerman: Listen, sixth edn., Bedford/St.Martin's, 2008

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Gary Hill
Gary Hill (born in 1951, Santa Monica, California, U.S.) is an American artist who lives and works in Seattle, Washington.
An anthology on the work of Gary Hill by Robert C. Morgan was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 1999. One of the pioneers of video art, Gary Hill has exhibited his video and video installations worldwide (Artfacts 2007).
Gary Hill's work is especially significant due to his incorporation of text in video art, evident in works such as Incidence of Catastrophe 1987-88. Hill began working with video, text and sound in 1973. He was influenced by the intellectual orientation of conceptual art which dominated art of the 1970s. His reading of the writings of Maurice Blanchot, in particular, provided him with ideas relating to the way in which language impinges on phenomenological experience, and a notion of 'the other' stemming from the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas. Such reading informs Hill's visual-poetic explorations of the interrelationships between language, image, identity, and the body. For example in Cabin Fever he uses the binary opposition of light and darkness to convey the notion of an interaction between a self and an ‘other’. He has also explored immersive environments, as seen in his 1992 piece Tall Ships. Hill's work thoroughly exploits the capacity of video to offer complex nonlinear narratives that encourage active engagement on the part of the viewer. In Roland Barthes' terms, Hill’s video narratives can be understood as ‘writerly’ texts.

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Gary Nabhan
Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952) is an agricultural ecologist, ethnobotanist, and writer whose work has focused primarily on the plants and cultures of the desert Southwest. He is considered a pioneer in the local food movement and the heirloom seed saving movement.
A first generation Lebanese-American, Nabhan was raised in Gary, Indiana. He served as Director of Science at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and co-founded Native Seeds/SEARCH, a nonprofit conservation organization that works to preserve indigenous southwestern agricultural plants as well as knowledge of their uses. Nabhan was the founding director of the Center for Sustainable Environments at Northern Arizona University. In 2008 he joined the University of Arizona faculty as a Research Social Scientist with the Southwest Center, where he now serves as the Kellogg Endowed Chair in Southwestern Borderlands Food and Water Security.
Nabhan won the John Burroughs Medal for distinguished natural history writing. He was also the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship. He was named an Utne Reader visionary in 2011. He has also been honored with two honorary PhD.s, and lifetime achievement awards from the Society for Conservation Biology, the Quivira Coalition, the Chefs Collaborative, Edible Communities and the Western Parks Association.

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Gary Urton
Gary Urton is the Dumbarton Oaks Professor of Pre-Columbian Studies at Harvard University. He was previously Professor of Anthropology at Colgate University from 1978 to 2001. Dr. Urton is a specialist in Andean archaeology, particularly the quipu (khipu) numerical recording system used in the Inca empire in the 15th and 16th centuries. He is the most prominent advocate of the theory that the quipus encode linguistic as well as numerical information. From 2001 to 2005 he was a MacArthur Fellow.
Degrees: BA University of New Mexico 1969; MA, PhD University of Illinois 1971, 1979
Teaching Specialties: South America – the Andes, Amazonia; Native people and cultures of North and South America; topics: social/cultural anthropology, anthropology and history, primitive art, state formation.
Gary Urton's homepage at Harvard

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Gay McDougall
Gay J. McDougall (born August 13, 1947, Atlanta, Georgia) was Executive Director of Global Rights, Partners for Justice (from September 1994 to 2006). In August 2005, she was named the first United Nations Independent Expert on Minority Issues.
As a child, Gay McDougall was banned from many public places in Atlanta. When she finished high school, McDougall was chosen to be the first black student to integrate Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia. Looking back on the experiences of her early years, she said “We believed then that our situation was uniquely tragic ... We often looked to the international community with the hope that somehow the world beyond this country operated on different rules…We were both right and wrong.”
After graduating from Yale Law School, she joined the New York City corporate law firm of Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons & Gates.
McDougall was awarded a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1999 for her "innovative and highly effective" work on behalf of international human rights. In 1998, she was elected to serve as an independent expert on the United Nations treaty body that oversees the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD). She was the first American to be elected to the body of 18 international experts who oversee compliance by governments worldwide with the obligations established under the treaty. At its 1996 session, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights elected her to serve a four year term as a member (alternate) of the U.N. Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of the Human Rights commission.

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Geerat J. Vermeij
Dr. Geerat J. Vermeij, born in the Netherlands, is a professor of geology at the University of California at Davis. Blind from the age of three, he graduated from Princeton University in 1968 and received his Ph.D. in biology and geology from Yale University in 1971.
An evolutionary biologist and paleontologist, he studies marine molluscs both as fossils and as living creatures. He starting writing about his Escalation hypothesis in the 1980s. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1992. In 2000 Vermeij was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
His books include Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life, A Natural History of Shells, Privileged Hands, Nature: An Economic History, and The Evolutionary World: How Adaptation Explains Everything from Seashells to Civilization (ISBN 978-0312591083).

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George Oster
George Oster is an American mathematical biologist, and Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Berkeley.
He graduated from Columbia University, with a Ph.D., in Nuclear Engineering. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2004.

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George Saunders
George Saunders (born December 2, 1958) is a New York Times bestselling American writer of short stories, essays, novellas and children's books. His writing has appeared in The New Yorker, Harper's, McSweeney's and GQ, among other publications. He also contributed a weekly column, American Psyche, to the weekend magazine of The Guardian’s Saturday edition until October, 2008.
A professor at Syracuse University, Saunders won the National Magazine Award for fiction in 1994, 1996, 2000, and 2004, and second prize in the O. Henry Awards in 1997. His first story collection, CivilWarLand in Bad Decline, was a finalist for the 1996 PEN/Hemingway Award. In 2006 Saunders received a MacArthur Fellowship. In 2007 he won the World Fantasy Award for his short story "CommComm". His story collection In Persuasion Nation was a finalist for The Story Prize in 2007.
Saunders was born in Amarillo, Texas, and grew up on the south side of Chicago. He is a graduate of Oak Forest High School in Oak Forest, Illinois, a southern suburb of Chicago. In 1981 Saunders received a B.S. in geophysical engineering from Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado. Speaking of his scientific background, Saunders said "...any claim I might make to originality in my fiction is really just the result of this odd background: basically, just me working inefficiently, with flawed tools, in a mode I don't have sufficient background to really understand. Like if you put a welder to designing dresses." In 1988, he obtained an M.A. in creative writing from Syracuse University.

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George W. Archibald
George William Archibald (born 13 July 1946) is the co-founder of the International Crane Foundation and was the inaugural winner of the 2006 Indianapolis Prize.
Dr. Archibald was born in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada to Donald Edison and Leticia A. Edison, née MacLeod. He received his bachelor's degree from Dalhousie University in 1968 and his doctorate in 1975 from Cornell University. He married Kyoko Matsumoto on 15 August 1981.
In 1973, when cranes were in a perilous situation and many of the fifteen remaining species were on the brink of extinction, Dr. Archibald founded the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin. He was director from 1973 to 2000. Currently he heads a World Conservation Union commission on crane survival. Forty years later, the world's cranes are still in a perilous situation.
Archibald pioneered several techniques to rear cranes in human care, including having human handlers wear crane costumes to avoid human imprinting. He used ultralight aircraft to help teach migration routes to cranes. Archibald spent three years with a highly endangered whooping crane named Tex, dressed as and acting as a male crane – walking, calling, dancing – to shift her into reproductive condition. Through his dedication and the use of artificial insemination, Tex eventually laid a fertile egg. As Archibald later recounted the tale on The Tonight Show he stunned the audience and host Johnny Carson with the sad end of the story – the accidental death of Tex shortly after the hatching of her one and only chick.

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George Zweig
George Zweig (born on May 30, 1937 in Moscow, Russia into a Jewish family) was originally trained as a particle physicist under Richard Feynman and later turned his attention to neurobiology. He spent a number of years as a Research Scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and MIT, but as of 2004, has gone on to work in the financial services industry.
A 1959 graduate of the University of Michigan, Zweig proposed the existence of quarks while a graduate student in physics at the California Institute of Technology in 1964 (independently of Murray Gell-Mann). Zweig dubbed them "aces" after the four playing cards, because he speculated there were four of them. The introduction of quarks provided a cornerstone for particle physics.
Like Gell-Mann, he realized that several important properties of particles such as baryons (e.g., protons and neutrons) could be explained by treating them as triplets of other constituent particles (which he called aces and Gell-Mann called quarks), with fractional baryon number and electric charge. Unlike Gell-Mann, Zweig was partly led to his picture of the quark model by the peculiarly attenuated decays of the φ meson to ρ π, a feature codified by what is now known as the OZI Rule, the "Z" in which stands for "Zweig". In subsequent technical terminology, ultimately Gell-Mann's quarks were to amount to "current quarks", while Zweig's to "constituent quarks".

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Geraldine Seydoux
Geraldine C. Seydoux is a Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University, and Investigator of Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She heads the Seydoux Lab.
She graduated from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1991, and did post-doctoral training at the Carnegie Institution. Her work studies on how in C. elegans, a single egg, produces many cell types that make up a new organism.

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Getatchew Haile
Getatchew Haile is American philologist, Regents Professor Emeritus of Medieval Studies, and Curator, Ethiopian Study Center at College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University.
He graduated from the Coptic Theological College, Cairo, Egypt with a B.D. in 1957, from the American University in Cairo, with a B.A. in 1957, and from the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, with a Ph.D. in Semitic Philology, in 1962.

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Gina G. Turrigiano
Gina G. Turrigiano is an American neuroscientist, and Professor of Biology and of the Volen National Center for Complex Systems, at Brandeis University.
She graduated from Reed College, B.A.,and from University of California, San Diego, with a Ph.D. She now lives in Weston, MA with her husband, Sacha Nelson (also a neuroscientist) and two sons, Gabriel Nelson, and Raphael Turrigiano.

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Gregory Chudnovsky
The Chudnovsky brothers (both born in Kiev; David Volfovich in 1947; Gregory Volfovich in 1952) are American mathematicians known for their wide mathematical ability, their home-built supercomputers, and their close working relationship.
A 1992 article in The New Yorker quoted the opinion of several mathematicians that Gregory Chudnovsky is one of the world's best living mathematicians. David Chudnovsky works closely with and assists his brother Gregory, who has myasthenia gravis.
The Chudnovsky brothers have held records, at different times, for computing π to the largest number of places, including two billion digits in the early 1990s on a supercomputer they built (dubbed "m-zero") in their apartment in Manhattan. In 1987, the Chudnovsky brothers developed the algorithm (now called the Chudnovsky algorithm) that they used to break several π computation records. Today, this algorithm is used by Mathematica to calculate π, and is continued to be used by others who have achieved world records in pi calculation.

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Gregory Schopen
Gregory Schopen focuses on Indian Buddhist monastic life and early Mahāyāna movements. By looking beyond the Pāli Canon in favor of less commonly used sources such as the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya and Indian Buddhist stone inscriptions, his numerous scholarly works have shifted the field away from Buddhism as portrayed through its own doctrines toward a more realistic picture of the actual lives of Buddhists, both monastic and lay. In this sense, he has seriously challenged many assumptions and myths about Buddhism that were first perpetuated in earlier Western scholarship. In 1985 he received the MacArthur Grant for his work in the field of History of Religion. Many of his articles have been published in three volumes dedicated to his work: Figments and Fragments of Mahayana Buddhism in India (University of Hawai'i Press, 2005), Buddhist Monks and Business Matters (University of Hawai'i Press, 2004), and Bones, Stones and Buddhist Monks (University of Hawai'i Press, 1997).

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Gregory Vlastos
Gregory Vlastos (Greek: Γρηγόριος Βλαστός; July 27, 1907 – October 12, 1991) was a scholar of ancient philosophy, and author of several works on Plato and Socrates. He was also a Christian and has written on Christian faith as well.
Vlastos was born in Istanbul, to a Scottish mother and a Greek father, where he received a Bachelor of Arts from Robert College before moving to Harvard University where he received a PhD in 1931. After teaching for several years at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, he moved to Cornell University in 1948. He was Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University between 1955 and 1976, and then Mills Professor of Philosophy at University of California, Berkeley until 1987. He received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1990. He was twice awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, and a member of the American Philosophical Society. Vlastos died in 1991, before finishing a new compilation of essays on Socratic philosophy.

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Gretchen Berland
Gretchen Kimberly Berland is an American physician and filmmaker, and Associate Professor of Medicine at the Yale School of Medicine.
She graduated from Pomona College with a BA in 1986, and Oregon Health & Sciences University, with a M.D., in 1996. She was a Fellow in the UCLA Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program.

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Guillermo Algaze
Guillermo Algaze (born November 24, 1954) is a recipient of the MacArthur Award in 2003 and 2004. Algaze is the chair of the anthropology department at University of California, San Diego, and project director of the Titris Hoyuk excavation in southern Turkey.
Algaze was born on November 24, 1954, in Havana, Cuba, and was raised in Puerto Rico. He graduated from the University of Puerto Rico in 1976. Algaze later moved to the continental United States, and became a citizen. In 1986, he earned his doctorate from the University of Chicago. He joined the University of California, San Diego faculty in 1990, he taught there as a professor for several years and currently serves as the chair of the anthropology department.
Algaze's archaeological interests have mostly been around Mesopotamian history and culture. His work has contributed to a vast amount of information in relation to Mesopotamia. In the 1990s, Algaze was a major proponent of an anthropological theory on the spread of civilisation from the Euphrates valley area and ancient Mesopotamia, arguing that colonial expansion from south to north (from the area that is currently southern Iraq) was responsible for the establishment of city-states in northern Iraq and Syria and southeastern Turkey. Following discoveries in the new millennium, Algaze says he has been "eating a lot of crow", acknowledging that evidence suggests societies in the northern area emerged simultaneously and independently of the Mesopotamian expansion.

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Guillermo Gómez-Peña
Guillermo Gómez-Peña was born in Mexico City and moved to the US in 1978, where he established himself as a performance artist, writer, activist, and educator. He has pioneered multiple media, including performance art, experimental radio, video, performance photography and installation art. His eight books include essays, experimental poetry and chronicles in both English, Spanish and Spanglish.
Most of his artistic and intellectual work concerns the interface between North and South (Mexico and the U.S.), border culture and the politics of the brown body. His original interdisciplinary arts projects and books explore borders, physical, cultural and otherwise, between his two countries and between the mainstream U.S. and the various Latino cultures: the U.S.-Mexico border itself, immigration, cross-cultural and hybrid identities, and the confrontation and misunderstandings between cultures, languages and races. His artwork and literature also explore the politics of language, the side effects of globalization, "extreme culture" and new technologies from a Latino perspective.

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Gunther Schuller
Gunther Schuller (born November 22, 1925) is an American composer, conductor, horn player, author, historian, and jazz musician.
The son of a violinist with the New York Philharmonic, he studied at the Saint Thomas Choir School and became an accomplished horn player and flute player. At age 15 he played horn professionally with the American Ballet Theatre (1943) followed by an appointment as principal hornist with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (1943–5), and then the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in New York, where he stayed until 1959. During his youth, he attended the Precollege Division at the Manhattan School of Music. He began his career in jazz by recording as a french horn player with Miles Davis (1949–50).
In 1955 Schuller and jazz pianist John Lewis founded the Modern Jazz Society, which gave its first concert in Town Hall, New York, that same year and later became known as the Jazz and Classical Music Society. While lecturing at Brandeis University in 1957 he coined the term "Third Stream" to describe music that combines classical and jazz techniques. He became an enthusiastic advocate of this style and wrote many works according to its principles, among them Transformation (1957, for jazz ensemble), Concertino (1959, for jazz quartet and orchestra; one of its movements, Progression in Tempo, has sometimes been performed separately), Abstraction (1959, for nine instruments), the opera The Visitation (1966), and Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk (1960, for 13 instruments), which was recorded by Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy, and Bill Evans. He also orchestrated Scott Joplin's only known surviving opera Treemonisha for the Houston Grand Opera's premier production of this work.

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Guy Davenport
Guy Mattison Davenport (November 23, 1927 – January 4, 2005) was an American writer, translator, illustrator, painter, intellectual, and teacher.
Guy Davenport was born in Anderson, South Carolina, in the foothills of Appalachia on November 23, 1927. His father was an agent for the Railway Express Agency. Davenport said that he became a reader only at age ten, with a neighbor’s gift of one of the Tarzan series. At age eleven, he began a neighborhood newspaper, drawing all the illustrations and writing all the stories. At age thirteen, he "broke [his] right leg (skating) and was laid up for a wearisome while"; it was then that he began "reading with real interest", beginning with a biography of Leonardo. He left high school early and enrolled at Duke University a few weeks after his seventeenth birthday. At Duke, he studied art(with Clare Leighton), graduating with a degree in classics and English literature.
Davenport was a Rhodes Scholar at Merton College, Oxford, from 1948 to 1950. He studied Old English under J. R. R. Tolkien and wrote Oxford’s first thesis on James Joyce. In 1950, upon his return to the United States, Davenport was drafted into the US Army for two years, spending them at Fort Bragg in the 756th Field Artillery, then in the XVIII Airborne Corps. After the army, he taught at Washington University in St. Louis until 1955, when he began earning a PhD at Harvard, studying under Harry Levin and Archibald MacLeish.

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Günter P. Wagner
Günter P. Wagner (born May 28, 1954 in Vienna, Austria) is Alison Richard Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary biology at Yale University, and head of the Wagner Lab.
After undergraduate education in chemical engineering, Wagner studied zoology and mathematical logic at the University of Vienna, Austria. During his graduate study, Wagner worked with the Viennese zoologist Rupert Riedl and the theoretical chemist Peter Schuster, and finished his PhD in theoretical population genetics in 1979. Wagner conducted postdoctoral research at Max Planck Institutes in Göttingen and Tübingen, as well as at the University of Göttingen.
Wagner began his academic career as assistant professor in the Theoretical Biology Department of the University of Vienna in 1985. In 1991, he moved to Yale University as a full professor of biology and has served as the first chair of Yale's Department of Ecology and Evolution 1997-2002 and then 2005-2008.
The focus of Wagner's work is on the evolution of complex characters. His research utilizes both the theoretical tools of population genetics as well as experimental approaches in evolutionary developmental biology. Wagner has contributed substantially to the current understanding of evolvability of complex organisms, the origin of novel characters, and modularity.

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Han Ong
Playwright and novelist Han Ong (born 1968) is both a high-school dropout and one of the youngest recipients of a MacArthur Foundation "genius" grant. Born in the Philippines, he moved to the United States at 16. His works, which include the novels Fixer Chao and The Disinherited, address such themes as outsiderness, cultural clash, and class conflict.
"I've written enough now to figure out I have a recurring tendency, which is that a lot of my characters are outsiders," Ong told a reporter after the debut of his second book, "It comes from being an outsider twice over—my queerness and my ethnicity. I think it's a gift, though. In life it may not be a gift, but in art it is."
Han Ong was born on February 5, 1968,^{[citation needed]} to ethnic Chinese parents in Manila, the Philippines. His family immigrated to the United States in 1984, and they settled in Koreatown in Los Angeles. He attended Grant High School, a predominately white school. Ong did not share a close relationship with his four siblings, and he struggled with a sense of alienation in his new homeland as well as with his experience with adolescence. He recalled, “Puberty plus a new country—both are tough enough on their own.” Thus, he found solace in books and television.

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Harlan Lane
Harlan Lane is Distinguished University professor of psychology at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States, and founder of the Center for Research in Hearing, Speech, and Language. His research is focused on speech, Deaf culture, and sign language. Lane was born in Brooklyn on August 19, 1936. Remaining in New York City for college, he obtained both a B.S. and an M.S. in Psychology from Columbia University in 1958. He subsequently received a Ph.D. in Psychology from Harvard and a second Ph.D. in Linguistics from the Sorbonne. In 1991, Lane received a MacArthur Foundation "genius award".
Lane - a hearing man - has become an often controversial spokesman for the Deaf community and critic of cochlear implants. He has written extensively on the social construction of disability and states that "Unless Deaf people challenge the culturally determined meanings of deaf and disability with at least as much vigor as the technologies of normalization seek to institutionalize those meanings, the day will continue to recede in which Deaf children and adults live the fullest lives and make the fullest contribution to our diverse society." In recognition of his research and advocacy regarding these issues, Lane has received the Distinguished Service Award from the National Association of the Deaf (United States), the International Social Merit Award from the World Federation of the Deaf, and numerous other awards.

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Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (born July 11, 1930) is an American literary critic and is Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University. Since the publication of his first book in 1959, Bloom has written more than 20 books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and one novel. He has edited hundreds of anthologies.
Bloom teaches two classes at Yale: one on the plays of William Shakespeare; the other on poetry from Geoffrey Chaucer to Hart Crane. Some of his writing had reflected this teaching, from Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human (1998) to The Anatomy of Influence (2011), which he has called the summa of his career.
Bloom's career began with decades of studying the Romantic poets, in particular Percy Bysshe Shelley, W. B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens. From this study, combined with the influence of Freud, Emerson and many others, Bloom developed theories of poetic influence, marked by the publication of The Anxiety of Influence (1973). These theories dominated his writing for a decade, after which he began to focus on what he named "religious criticism", in books such as The Book of J (1990) and The American Religion (1992). Another shift in his career began with an impassioned defense of the non-politicised teaching of canonical literature in The Western Canon (1994). He has continued his religious criticism in books such as Jesus and Yahweh (2005) and The Shadow of a Great Rock: A Literary Appreciation of The King James Bible (2011).

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Heather Hurst
Heather Hurst (born 1975) is an American archaeologist and archaeological illustrator.
She graduated from Skidmore College in 1997, and from Yale University with a Ph.D. in anthropology. She teaches at Skidmore College.
She has been an archaeological illustrator at sites in Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico. Her illustrations appeared in National Geographic and Arqueología Mexicana, and have been exhibited at the Peabody Museum of Natural History and the National Gallery of Art.
She gave a talk: "Tres Pintores Magníficos y Un Viajero: La Identificación de Artistas por los Pasos de Producción en Pintura Mural” at the 2010 Maya Meetings, Casa Herrera.

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Heather Lechtman
Heather Lechtman is an American materials scientist and archaeologist, and Director, Center for Materials Research in Archaeology and Ethnology (CMRAE) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
She graduated from Vassar College with a BA Physics, and New York University with an MA in Fine Arts and Archaeology in 1966.
How objects were made, what they were made of and how they were used, we see people making decisions at various stages, and the choices involve engineering as well as culture.
If people use materials in different ways in different societies, that tells you something about those people.

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Heather McHugh
Heather McHugh (born August 20, 1948) is an American poet.
Heather McHugh, a poet, translator, and educator, was born in San Diego, California, to Canadian parents, John Laurence, a marine biologist, and Eileen Francesca (Smallwood). They raised McHugh in Gloucester Point, Virginia. There, her father directed the marine biological laboratory on the York River. She began writing poetry at age five and claims to have become an expert “eavesdropper” by the age of twelve. At the age of seventeen, she entered Harvard University. Her most notable work was Hinge & Sign: Poems 1968-1993, which won the Bingham Poetry Prize of the Boston Book Review and the Pollack-Harvard Review Prize. The New York Times Book Review named this work the Notable Book of the Year.
McHugh was elected as Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets in 1999. She teaches at the University of Washington and in the Warren Wilson College MFA Program for Writers.
In 2009, she was awarded the MacArthur Foundation "Genius Grant" for her work.

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Heidi Hartmann
Heidi Hartmann (born 1945) is a feminist economist and the founder of the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR), a scientific research organization formed to meet the need for women-centered, public policy research. She is also the organization's president and a Research Professor at the The George Washington University in Washington, DC. Her areas of expertise include women and the economy, workforce participation, employment, pay equity, and Social Security. She has testified many times before the U.S. Congress, and her research is cited in various media outlets.
Dr. Hartmann is a member of the National Academy of Social Insurance and serves on the Board of the American Academy of Political and Social Insurance. She is an advisor to Campaign for America's Future and also is co-chair of the Older Women's Economic Security Task Force of the National Council of Women's Organizations. She lectures widely on women, economics, and public policy and has published many articles in journals. She is a graduate of Swarthmore College and earned a Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University. She also holds honorary degrees from Swarthmore College and Claremont Graduate University. In 1994, she received the MacArthur Fellowship Award, commonly known as the 'genius' award, for her work in the field of women and economics.

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Helen T. Edwards
Helen Thom Edwards (born 1936) is an American physicist. She led the effort to design and build the Tevatron, then the world's highest energy particle accelerator and the first high-energy accelerator completely based on superconducting magnets. The Tevatron was one of the first high-energy antiproton-proton colliders. It requires the storage of antiprotons for days in order to produce the luminosity necessary for the experimental program at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory which has resulted in important new discoveries in physics such as the top quark. Her technical decisions were critical to the success of the Tevatron project. The HERA and the Large Hadron Collider are based on the technology pioneered at the Tevatron.
John Peoples (2006), "Helen T. Edwards" in OUT OF THE SHADOWS: Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics Nina Byers and Gary Williams, ed., Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-82197-1

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Henry Kraus
Henry Kraus (1906 Knoxville, Tennessee - January 27, 1995 Paris) was a labor historian, and European art historian.
He graduated from the University of Chicago and Western Reserve University with a master's degree in 1928. He was an organizer of the Flint Sit-Down Strike, and edited The Flint Auto Worker.Sol Dollinger was critical of his account of the strike.
He married Dorothy Kraus, who helped organize the UAW Women's Auxiliary. He was the first editor of the United Automobile Workers' newspaper, The United Auto Worker. He moved to Paris, and worked as a European correspondent for World Wide Medical News Service. His papers are at the Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University.

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Henry T. Wright
Henry T. Wright is the Albert Clanton Spaulding Distinguished University Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, and Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology in the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is also an External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute and a member of the Institute's Science Board.
He earned a B.A. from the University of Michigan (1964), and a Ph.D. in Near Eastern archaeology from University of Chicago (1967).

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Hideo Mabuchi
Hideo Mabuchi (born 1971) is an American physicist. He is Department Chair and Professor of Applied Physics at Stanford University, and the boss of the Mabuchi Lab.
He graduated from Princeton University magna cum laude, with an A.B. in Physics in 1992, and from California Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in Physics, in 1998, where he studied with H. Jeff Kimble.

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Horng-Tzer Yau
Horng-Tzer Yau (姚鴻澤) is a Taiwanese-American mathematician. Born 1959 in Taiwan, he has a B.Sc. in 1981 from National Taiwan University and a Ph.D. in 1987 from Princeton University. He joined the faculty of NYU in 1988, and became a full professor at its Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in 1994. He moved to Stanford in 2003, and then to Harvard University in 2005. He has also been a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., in 1987-88, 1991-92, and 2003.
According to William C. Kirby, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard, "Professor Yau is a leader in the fields of mathematical physics, ... who has introduced important tools and concepts to study probability, stochastic processes, nonequilibrium statistical physics, and quantum dynamics."

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Howard Gardner

Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania) is an American developmental psychologist who is a professor of Cognition and Education at Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University, Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero and author of over twenty books translated into thirty languages. He is the son of Ralph Gardner and Hilde Weilheimer (Hilde Gardner since her marriage to Ralph Gardner). Since 1995, he has been the co-director of the GoodWork Project. He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. He received the Prince of Asturias Award 2011 in Social Sciences for the development of this theory.
Gardner's Theory of multiple intelligences states not only do human beings have several different ways of learning and processing information, but these methods are relatively independent of one another: leading to multiple "intelligences" as opposed to a general intelligence factor among correlated abilities. Since 1999, Gardner has identified eight intelligences: linguistic, logic-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Gardner is still considering a ninth, or existential intelligence (the intelligence of "big questions"), but has not, as yet, added it. He thinks it will have something to do with seeing what you're working with.

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Hugo Morales (radio)
Hugo Morales is a latino founder and Executive Director of Radio Bilingüe, Inc.
He is a Mixtec raised in Oaxaca, Mexico, until his family immigrated to California. He worked as a farmworker in Sonoma County. He graduated from Harvard College, and Harvard Law School, in 1975.
He is on the California Post-secondary Education Commission, and Latino Public Radio Consortium.

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Ian Graham
Ian James Alastair Graham (born 12 November 1923) is a British Mayanist whose explorations of Maya ruins in the jungles of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize helped establish the Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions published by the Peabody Museum of Harvard University. Among his related works is a biography of an early predecessor, the 19th-century British Maya explorer Alfred Maudslay.
Ian Graham was born 1923 in Campsea Ashe, a village in the East Anglia county of Suffolk, England. He went to Trinity College, Oxford in 1942 as an undergraduate in physics, but his studies were put on hold the following year when he left to enlist in the Royal Navy in which he served for the remainder of World War II. After the war his studies were resumed at Trinity College, Dublin from where he completed his bachelor's degree in 1951.

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Ida Applebroog
Ida Applebroog is a notable American painter. Her work is included in many public collections in the United States. During the decade of the 1990s, she received multiple honors including the College Art Association Distinguished Art Award for Lifetime Achievement, an Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts, New School for Social Research/Parsons School of Design.
Born in the Bronx, NY, in 1929 Ida Applebroog attended NY State Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences (1949). She moved to Chicago in 1956, later attending the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (1968). After relocating to San Diego, California she exhibited in "Invisible/Visible" at Long Beach Art Museum, 1972. In 1973 she taught at the University of California in San Diego before returning to NY. Starting in 1977 she circulated a series of self-published books through the mail, and joined Heresies/A Feminist Journal on Art and Politics. In 1981 she showed "Applebroog: Silent Stagings", her first exhibition at Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, NY, where she continued to show for over 20 years. During the decade of the 1990s, she received multiple honors including the College Art Association Distinguished Art Award for Lifetime Achievement, an Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts, New School for Social Research/Parsons School of Design. She also received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1998 and her art was the subject of a retrospective at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. Applebroog's work is in the collections of The Museum of Modern Art, Guggenheim Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Corcoran Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of Art, and others. She was profiled in the PBS documentary "Art 21: Art in the Twenty-first Century".

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Ingrid Daubechies
Ingrid Daubechies (pronounced /doʊbiˈʃiː/ doh-bee-SHEE; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician. She was between 2004 and 2011 the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in the mathematics and applied mathematics departments at Princeton University. In January 2011 she moved to Duke University as a Professor in mathematics. She is the first woman president of the International Mathematical Union (2011–2014). She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression.
Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist). Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975. She obtained her Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1980, and continued her research career at that institution until 1987, rising through the ranks to positions roughly equivalent with research assistant-professor in 1981 and research associate-professor 1985.

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Ira Herskowitz
Ira Herskowitz (July 14, 1946 – April 28, 2003) was an American geneticist. He was noted for his work on cellular differentiation.
He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in 1971. He taught at the University of Oregon. He moved to University of California, San Francisco in 1981, where he headed the Herskowitz lab.
He was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2002, the National Academy of Sciences in 1986. He died in San Francisco, California on April 28, 2003 of pancreatic cancer.
James D. Watson:
He was one of the people who made U.C.S.F. the most exciting place in the world for a younger scientist to be. A talk by Ira was always fun to listen to. And he approached science with a certain degree of idealism.

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Irene J. Winter
Irene J. Winter is an American art historian.
BA Barnard College, Anthropology, 1960; MA University of Chicago, Near Eastern Studies, 1967; PhD Columbia University, Art History and Archaeology. She has taught at Queens College, CUNY, 1971-1976, The University of Pennsylvania, 1976-1988, and Harvard University since 1988, chairing the department of Fine Arts from 1993-1996, and served on the Faculty Council, 2006-2009; retired June 2009. Slade Professor, University of Cambridge, 1997.

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Irving Feldman
Irving Feldman (born on 22 September 1928 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American poet and professor of English.
Born and raised in Coney Island, Brooklyn, Feldman worked as a merchant seaman, farm hand, and factory worker through his university education. After an undergraduate education at the City College of New York (B.A., 1950), Feldman completed his Master of Arts degree at Columbia University in 1953. His first academic appointments were at the University of Puerto Rico and the University of Lyon in France. Returning to the continental United States in 1958, he taught at Kenyon College until 1964, when he was appointed professor of English at the State University of New York, Buffalo, where he was eventually appointed Distinguished Professor of English; he retired from teaching in 2004. In 1992 he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Irving Howe
Irving Howe (June 11, 1920 – May 5, 1993) was an American literary and social critic and a prominent figure of the Democratic Socialists of America.
Howe was born as Irving Horenstein in The Bronx, New York, as a son of Jewish immigrants from Bukovina who ran a small grocery store that went out of business during the Great Depression.
Howe attended City College (CCNY) and graduated in 1940, alongside Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. Upon his return, he began writing literary and cultural criticism for the influential Partisan Review and became a frequent essayist for Commentary, Politics, The Nation, The New Republic, and The New York Review of Books. In 1954, Howe helped found the intellectual quarterly Dissent, which he edited until his death in 1993. In the 1950s Howe taught English and Yiddish literature at Brandeis University in Waltham, MA. He used the Howe and Greenberg Treasury of Yiddish Stories as the text for a course on the Yiddish story at a time when few were spreading knowledge or appreciation of these works in American colleges and universities.

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Ishmael Reed
Ishmael Scott Reed (born 22 February 1938) is an American poet, essayist, playwright and novelist. Reed is known for his satirical works challenging American political culture, and highlighting political and cultural oppression.
Reed's work has often sought to represent neglected African and African-American perspectives, his energy and advocacy have centered more broadly on neglected peoples and perspectives, irrespective of their cultural origins.
Reed was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, but grew up in Buffalo, New York, where he attended the University of Buffalo, a private university that became part of the state public university system after he left. The university awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1995.
In 1998, Reed spoke about his influences in an interview: "I've probably been more influenced by poets than by novelists — the Harlem Renaissance poets, the Beat poets, the American surrealist Ted Joans. Poets have to be more attuned to originality, coming up with lines and associations the ordinary prose writer wouldn't think of."

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Israel Gelfand
Israel Moiseevich Gelfand, also written Israïl Moyseyovich Gel'fand, or Izrail M. Gelfand (Yiddish: ישראל געלפֿאַנד, Russian: Изра́иль Моисе́евич Ге́льфанд; 2 September [O.S. 20 August] 1913—5 October 2009) was a Soviet mathematician who made major contributions to many branches of mathematics, including group theory, representation theory and functional analysis. The recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Order of Lenin and the Wolf Prize, he was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a lifelong academic, serving decades as a professor at Moscow State University and, after immigrating to the United States shortly before his 76th birthday, at the Busch Campus of New Jersey's Rutgers University.
He is known for having educated and inspired generations of students through his legendary seminar at Moscow State University. His legacy continues in the mathematicians who were his students, such as Endre Szemerédi, Alexandre Kirillov, Joseph Bernstein as well as his own son, Sergei Gelfand.

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J. Kirk Varnedoe
John Kirk Train Varnedoe (January 18, 1946 – August 15, 2003) was born and raised in Savannah, Georgia and was an American art historian and writer, a Professor of the History of Art at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and a noted curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
He attended Savannah Country Day School. He studied at St. Andrew's School and Williams College, where he was a member of The Kappa Alpha Society.
After his years at Williams, he went to Paris, where he became expert on Auguste Rodin's drawings, and fell in love with French culture and civilization. He returned to America and particularly to New York, where he married the artist Elyn Zimmerman, and taught art history, first at Columbia University, and then at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts.
He co-curated, with William Rubin, the exhibition "Primitivism: Affinity Between The Tribal and The Modern" at the Museum of Modern Art in 1984, the same year that he won a MacArthur Fellowship. In 1988, he became the Chief Curator of Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, where his exhibitions included "High And Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture" (co-directed with the writer Adam Gopnik) as well as retrospectives of the work of Cy Twombly, Jasper Johns and Jackson Pollock.

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J. Richard Steffy
John Richard Steffy (May 1, 1924 Lancaster, Pennsylvania - November 29, 2007 Bryan, Texas) was an American nautical archaeologist.
He attended the Milwaukee School of Engineering. He taught at University of Pennsylvania. He founded the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, with Michael L. Katzev, and George Bass. He was Professor Emeritus at Texas A&M University, and creator of the Ship Reconstruction Laboratory.
He married Lucille Koch Steffy, (died in 1991).

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Jack Miles
Jack Miles (born 1942) is an American author and winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the MacArthur Fellowship. His work on religion, politics, and culture has appeared in numerous national publications, including The Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times.
Miles treats his biblical subjects neither as transcendent deities or historical figures, but as literary protagonists. His first book, God: A Biography, won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 1996 and has been translated into sixteen languages. His second book, Christ: A Crisis in the Life of God, was named a New York Times Notable Book of 2002. Miles was named a MacArthur Fellow for the period 2003–07.
Born in Chicago, Jack Miles was a Jesuit seminarian from 1960 to 1970, studying at Xavier University in Cincinnati, the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem before completing a doctorate in the department of Near Eastern Languages at Harvard. He is fluent in several languages.

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Jack Wisdom
Jack Wisdom is a Professor of Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his B.S. from Rice University in 1976 and his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1981. His research interests are the dynamics of the Solar System.
Wisdom pioneered the study of chaos in the solar system. His 1981 dissertation demonstrated for the first time the theoretical reason for the clearing of the Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt. His work has also brought to light the chaotic rotation of Hyperion,chaos in the orbital evolution of Pluto, and the chaotic obliquity of Mars which has important implications for the past Martian climate.
Work with colleague Gerald Sussman using a specially-built computer demonstrated that the solar system as a whole is chaotic on a timescale of about four million years, confirming results from Jacques Laskar. This work was responsible for "shattering the long-held view of the clockwork motion of the planets."
More recently, Wisdom's work has shed light on the complex evolution of the Moon and the tidal heating and dynamics of Enceladus .

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Jacqueline Barton
Jacqueline K. Barton (born May 7, 1952) is an American chemist. She is the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology. The primary focus of her research is transverse electron transport along double-stranded DNA, its implications in the biology of DNA damage and repair, and its potential for materials sciences applications.
Barton received her B.A. (summa cum laude) from Barnard College in 1974. She went on to graduate study at Columbia University, where she studied inorganic chemistry under the supervision of S.J. Lippard.
After earning her Ph.D. from Columbia in 1979, Barton held post-doctoral appointments at Bell Labs and Yale University, where she worked with R.G. Shulman She earned tenure at Columbia University in the 1980s. During that time her main focus was the use of organo-ruthenium complexes to probe the physical conformations of DNA. Barton eventually moved to Caltech, where her research has focused on charge transport in DNA. At Caltech she married fellow chemist, Peter Dervan. She was named chair of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of California Institute of Technology, effective July 1, 2009.

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Jacqueline Jones
Jacqueline Jones (born 1948) is Walter Prescott Webb Chair in History and Ideas and Mastin Gentry White Professor of Southern History at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. She is an expert in American social history in addition to writing on economics (also feminist economics), women, and class.
Born in Delaware, Dr. Jones was the daughter of the head of the Delaware state school board and attended an elementary school now named for her father. She previously held academic positions at Wellesley College, Brown University and Brandeis University. She has a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, which she obtained in 1976 after spending time at the University of Delaware. In July 1999 Dr. Jones was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. Although she could have used this grant to take time off from her teaching, she decided to wait to begin her research and work through the grant, saying, "I think I will take time off in a few years, but I really like being here on campus, being around my colleagues, teaching." Jones has also been awarded a Ford Fellowship, a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, and an American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship, and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in history.

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Jacques d'Amboise
Jacques d'Amboise (born July 28, 1934) is an American danseur and choreographer.
D'Amboise was born as Joseph Jacques Ahearn in Dedham, Massachusetts. He was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet, where ballets were especially created for him by famous choreographer George Balanchine. He has also choreographed ballets for the New York City Ballet.
As well as ballets, d'Amboise danced in films, including Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, where he played the part of Ephraim, one of the brothers—and Carousel (1956), where he danced the ballet role of the Starlight Carnival barker in Louise's Ballet.
D'Amboise founded National Dance Institute in 1976, which has been teaching school children how to dance for the past 30 years. A documentary film (He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin' ) about Jacques d'Amboise and National Dance Institute won an Academy Award. The NDI program often combines music and art with studies of other cultures, histories, and literature, offering a unique and comprehensive performing arts experience, while fostering curiosity and a sense of achievement.

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Jad Abumrad
Jad Abumrad (born 18 April 1973)^{[citation needed]} is a Lebanese-American radio host and producer. He is founder and co-host of the syndicated public radio program Radiolab.
Before choosing radio as a career, Abumrad composed film scores.
Abumrad has reported^[when?] and produced documentaries for a number of local and National Public Radio programs, including On the Media, PRI's Studio 360 with Kurt Andersen, Morning Edition, All Things Considered, Democracy Now!, and WNYC's "24 Hours at the Edge of Ground Zero".
Since 2005, Abumrad has produced and co-hosted the nationally syndicated program Radiolab. His background in music has influenced the sound of Radiolab. The December 14, 2009 Radiolab episode In C includes a musical piece by Abumrad remixing the Terry Riley composition In C.
Abumrad was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow; the foundation cited his "engaging audio explorations of scientific and philosophical questions" which "captivate listeners and bring to broadcast journalism a distinctive new aesthetic", while using "his background as a composer to orchestrate dialogue, music, and sound effects into compelling documentaries that draw listeners into investigations of otherwise intimidating topics."

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James Alan McPherson
James Alan McPherson (born September 16, 1943) is an American short story writer and essayist. He has been a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and a MacArthur Fellowship. McPherson is a member of the permanent faculty of the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa.
McPherson was born in Savannah, Georgia. He attended Morris Brown College in Atlanta, graduating in 1965. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1968. He has also been educated at Morgan State University, The University of Iowa's Writers' Workshop, and Yale Law School.^{[citation needed]}
McPherson won the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for fiction for his short story collection Elbow Room, becoming the first African-American to win the Pulitzer for fiction. He was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship in 1981. His work has appeared in 27 journals and magazines, seven short-story anthologies, and The Best American Essays.^{[citation needed]} In 1995 McPherson was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^{[citation needed]}

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James Angel
To reference the American astronomer James Roger Prior Angel, see Roger Angel.

James Angel (12 January 1838 – 23 October 1918) was an important cosumer manufacturer of metal products in Newfoundland. He was also a member of the Legislative Council and a supporter of Premier Sir William Vallance Whiteway.

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James Randi
James Randi (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge; August 7, 1928) is a Canadian-American stage magician and scientific skeptic best known as a challenger of paranormal claims and pseudoscience. Randi is the founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF). Randi began his career as a magician named The Amazing Randi, but after retiring at age 60, he began investigating paranormal, occult, and supernatural claims, which he collectively calls "woo-woo".
Although often referred to as a "debunker", Randi rejects that title owing to its perceived bias, instead describing himself as an "investigator". He has written about the paranormal, skepticism, and the history of magic. He was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and was occasionally featured on the television program Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. The JREF sponsors The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge offering a prize of US$1,000,000 to eligible applicants who can demonstrate evidence of any paranormal, supernatural or occult power or event under test conditions agreed to by both parties.

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James Turrell
James Turrell (born May 6, 1943) is an American artist primarily concerned with light and space. Turrell was a MacArthur Fellow in 1984. Turrell is best known for his work in progress, Roden Crater, located outside Flagstaff, Arizona, where he is turning a natural cinder volcanic crater into a massive naked-eye observatory.
Turrell was born in Pasadena, California. His parents were Quakers. His father was an aeronautical engineer and educator. His mother trained as a medical doctor and later worked in the Peace Corps. Turrell obtained a pilot's licence when 16 years old. He subsequently flew supplies to remote mine sites and worked as an aerial cartographer. He received a BA degree from Pomona College in perceptual psychology in 1965 (including the study of the Ganzfeld effect) and also studied mathematics, geology and astronomy there. Turrell received a MA degree in art from Claremont Graduate School, University of California, Irvine in 1966.
Main article List of James Turrell artworks
In 1966, Turrell began experimenting with light in his Santa Monica studio, the Mendota Hotel, at a time when the so-called Light and Space group of artists in Los Angeles, including Robert Irwin and Doug Wheeler, was coming into prominence. By covering the windows and only allowing prescribed amounts of light from the street outside to come through the openings, Turrell created his first light projections. In Shallow Space Constructions (1968) he used screened partitions, allowing a radiant effusion of concealed light to create an artificially flattened effect within the given space. That same year, he participated in the Los Angeles County Museum’s Art and Technology Program, investigating perceptual phenomena with the artist Robert Irwin and psychologist Edward Wortz. In 1969, he made sky drawings with Sam Francis, using colored skywriting smoke and cloud-seeding materials.

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James Westphal
James Adolf Westphal (June 13, 1930–September 8, 2004) was an American academic, scientist, engineer, inventor and astronomer and Director of Caltech's Palomar Observatory from 1994 through 1997.
His participation played an important role in designing the main camera for the Hubble Space Telescope.
Westphal began his career at California Institute of Technology in 1961. His first job as senior engineer; and he remained at the Institute for the remainder of his career. He came to Caltech initially on a four-month leave of absence from Sinclair Research Labs in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but never left.
In 1971, Westphal joined the Caltech faculty an associate professor of planetary science; and he was named professor in 1976. Across a span of years, Wesphal's interest in ground-based projects caused him to decline invitations to turn his attention to astronomical work, but when he finally agreed, his commitment and enthusiasm was unrestrained.
Former graduate student Richard Terrile remembers that Westphal "not only taught me about astronomy and science, but also about more down-to-earth topics like self-reliance, dealing with people, and how to keep focused when things go bad. Jim had a wonderful way of reducing a problem to its most basic form. He said, 'There are always two ways to deal with a problem: You can get angry and upset and then try and fix it, or you can just fix it. Which way would you rather work on it?'".

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Jane Lubchenco
Dr. Jane Lubchenco (born December 4, 1947) is a Ukrainian-American environmental scientist and marine ecologist. On March 19, 2009, she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the first woman to serve as the administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
While performing duties as head of NOAA, Dr. Lubchenco, The Wayne and Gladys Valley Professor of Marine Biology and Oregon State University Distinguished Professor of Zoology, has taken a leave of absence from her work at the university. She grew up in Colorado, received her undergraduate degree from Colorado College in 1969, received her PhD and taught at Harvard University.
Lubchenco's research interests include biodiversity, climate change, sustainability science, and the state of the oceans. She has received numerous awards, including a MacArthur Fellowship, a Pew Fellowship, eight honorary degrees (including one from Princeton University), the 8th Annual Heinz Award in the Environment (2002), and the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography (2003). Between 1997 and 1998, she served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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Jane S. Richardson
Jane Shelby Richardson (born January 25, 1941 in Teaneck, New Jersey) is an American biophysicist who developed the Richardson diagram, or ribbon diagram, method of representing the 3D structure of proteins. She is a professor in biochemistry at Duke University.
While attending Teaneck High School in 1958, she won third place in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search, the most prestigious science fair in the United States, with calculations of the satellite Sputnik's orbit from her own observations. She continued her education in science at Swarthmore College, enrolling with the intention of studying mathematics, astronomy and physics. Her bachelors degree is in philosophy with a minor in physics, and she pursued graduate work in philosophy at Harvard University, receiving her masters degree in 1966. After finding herself unsuited to teaching high school, she joined her husband David C. Richardson, then completing his PhD work at MIT, in studying the 3-dimensional structure of the Staphylococcal nuclease protein (1SNS). Her specialty was X-ray crystallography, and she later began drawing her eponymous diagrams as a method of interpreting the structures of protein molecules. She has been promoted to many prestigious positions in academia. In July 1985 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship for her work in biochemistry. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991 and to the Institute of Medicine in 2006. She was elected president of the Biophysical Society for the 2012-2013 year. Richardson is currently a James B. Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke University. The Richardsons head a research group at Duke University. As part of her role in the National Academy of Sciences, Richardson serves on panels that advise the White House and Pentagon regarding nationally important scientific matters (e.g., ).

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Janet Benshoof
Janet Benshoof (born 1947 Detroit Lakes, Minnesota) is an American human rights lawyer, and President of the Global Justice Center.
She graduated from the University of Minnesota summa cum laude, and from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor. She has taught human rights law at Bard College and Harvard Law School.
She established landmark legal precedents in the U.S. Supreme Court and international forums. She launch successful legal efforts from the approval of emergency contraception for women by the FDA, to the application of international rape law to ensure the rights of women in the Iraq High Tribunal prosecutions of Saddam-era war crimes (see Trial of Saddam Hussein). She also lectures and trains women leaders, judges, parliamentarians, and various UN bodies on implementing international human rights laws, such as CEDAW, and international humanitarian law, including women's rights to criminal accountability under Security Council Resolutions and by the International Criminal Court.

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Janine Antoni
Janine Antoni (born January 19, 1964, in Freeport, Bahamas) is a contemporary artist,who creates work in performance art, sculpture, and photography. Her works focus mostly on process and the transitions between the making and finished product. She often uses her whole body or different parts of it, such as her mouth, hair, eyelashes, and brain as tools and with them performs everyday activities to create her artwork.
She graduated from Sarah Lawrence College with a BA, and from the Rhode Island School of Design with an MFA in 1989. She was a 1998 MacArthur Fellow. She is a 2011 Guggenheim Fellow. She also works as a mentor at Columbia University School of the Arts.
She is married to fellow RISD alumnus Paul Ramirez Jonas and resides in NYC.

In her work Gnaw (1992) Antoni uses her mouth and the activity of eating or chewing to carve two 600 lb (300 kg) cubes, one made of chocolate, the other of lard, then used the chewed out bits to create chocolate boxes and lipstick tubes, which she then displayed in a mock store front. Antoni made a statement about her work saying "Lard is a stand-in for the female body, a feminine material,since female typically have a higher fat content than males, making the work somewhat cannibalistic". In this work and others, Antoni often confronts issues such as materiality, process, the body, cultural perceptions of femininity, and her art historical roots.

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Janine Jagger
Janine Jagger is an American epidemiologist, Becton Dickinson Professor of Research of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and director of the International Health Care Worker Safety Center at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
She graduated from Moravian College with a Bachelor of Arts, cum laude, in Psychology in 1972, and from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Public Health in 1974, and from University of Virginia with a Ph.D. in 1987. She has been devoted to reducing needle stick injuries.

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Jared Diamond
Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American scientist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee, Guns, Germs, and Steel, and Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Originally trained in physiology, Diamond's work is known for drawing from a variety of fields, and he is currently Professor of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Diamond was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to a Bessarabian Jewish family. His father Louis K. Diamond was a physician and his mother Flora Kaplan a teacher, musician, and linguist. He attended the Roxbury Latin School and earned an A.B. from Harvard College in 1958 and a Ph.D. in physiology and membrane biophysics from the University of Cambridge in 1961.
After graduating from Cambridge, Diamond returned to Harvard as a Junior Fellow until 1965, and, in 1968, became Professor of Physiology at UCLA Medical School. While in his twenties, he developed a second, parallel, career in ornithology and ecology, specialising in New Guinea and nearby islands. Then in his fifties, Diamond developed a third career in environmental history and became Professor of Geography at UCLA, his current position. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1999 and an honorary doctorate by Westfield State University in 2009.

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Jay Cantor
Jay Cantor, B.A., Ph.D. (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist, and essayist.
He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace.
His work appeared in The Harvard Crimson. He was on the The 2009 ArtScience Competition jury.
To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom Wolfe, who surely believes, and with some justification, that he's the thinking man's Tom Wolfe. It's also a little unfair to Jay Cantor, who for all I know abhors Wolfe's politics and his fiction as well. Yet the scope of Cantor's ambition in his teeming new novel, Great Neck; his avid desire to capture the American scene entire; his crowd of characters, each absorbed in a private drama; certain thrillingly compact episodes that stand out like a prodigy among dull schoolkids; the hankering after abandoned tradition (Cantor is fascinated by the cabala, Wolfe by the Stoics); the stern morality operating just below the surface of the narrative -- all these things, it seems to me, link these two writers, both of whom ardently believe in the power of fiction to bring an American moment to life.

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Jay Rubenstein
Jay Rubenstein (born 1967) is an American historian of the Middle Ages.
Rubenstein grew up in Cushing Oklahoma and attended Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota where he graduated with a B.A. in 1989. From 1989-1991 he studied at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. In recognition of this achievement, his hometown of Cushing named a street after him. In 1991 he completed an M.Phil. from Oxford, writing a thesis on the veneration of saints' relics in England after the Norman Conquest. In 1997 he received a Ph.D. in history from the University of California, Berkeley, working under the supervision of Professor Gerard Caspary. After leaving Berkeley he taught one year at Dickinson College, one year at Syracuse University, and seven years at University of New Mexico. Since 2006 he has been based at the University of Tennessee as an associate professor of history. His published scholarship has focused on medieval intellectual history, monastic life, and the early crusade movement.

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Jay Weiss
Jay Michael Weiss is an American psychologist, and Jenny Culbreth Adams Professor at Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
He graduated from Lafayette College with a B.A. in Psychology in 1962, and Yale University with a Ph.D. in Psychology in 1967.

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Jean Strouse
Jean Strouse (born 1945) is an American biographer, cultural administrator, and critic. She is best known for her biographies of diarist Alice James and financier J. Pierpont Morgan.
Strouse was an editorial assistant at The New York Review of Books from 1967 to 1969. She was a book critic at Newsweek magazine from 1979 to 1983, and won a MacArthur Fellowship in September, 2001. She has also held fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Endowment for the Arts. She has contributed reviews and essays on literary and other topics to the New York Times Book Review, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, and Vogue. In 2003 Strouse was appointed the Sue Ann and John Weinberg Director of the Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library.
Strouse's book Alice James: A Biography, appeared in 1980 and won a Bancroft Prize. A sympathetic but objective look at the younger sister of philosopher William James and novelist Henry James, the biography showed how Alice James struggled through various illnesses to create her memorable diary. Strouse's next book, Morgan: American Financier (1999), earned praise for its realistic, unexaggerated portrayal of Morgan's personality and its explanations of complex financial topics in understandable terms. Strouse has also edited two books by Henry James: the Library of America's edition of James' 1864-74 short stories, and the NYRB edition of James' last completed novel, The Outcry.

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Jeanne Gang
Jeanne Gang (born 1964 in Illinois) leads Studio Gang Architects, a Chicago-based architecture and design firm. Gang's projects include Aqua, an 82-story mixed-use high-rise, and SOS Children's Villages Lavezzorio Community Center, a 16,800-square-foot (1,560 m²) foster care community center on Chicago's South Side.
She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.
Gang earned a Bachelor of Science in Architecture from the University of Illinois in 1986 and a Master of Architecture with Distinction from Harvard University in 1993. In 1989, she was an International Rotary Fellow, and she studied at the ETH Swiss Federal University of Technical Studies in Zurich, Switzerland. Prior to founding her own firm, she worked with OMA/Rem Koolhaas in Rotterdam.
Studio Gang's work has been exhibited at the International Venice Biennale, the National Building Museum, and the Art Institute of Chicago, and Gang has been featured in publications such as Metropolis and Architecture Magazine. She has received high honors for her work, including an Academy Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2006.

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Jed Z. Buchwald
Jed Z. Buchwald is Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at Caltech. He was previously director of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT. He won a MacArthur Fellowship in 1995.
Buchwald's publications include several full books and edited history-of-science essay collections:
Buchwald is also the general editor of the book series "Dibner Institute Studies in the History of Science and Technology" and of the book series "Archimedes: New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology," as well as managing editor of the book series "Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and the Physical Sciences." Buchwald, together with Jeremy Gray, serves as editor-in-chief of the Springer journal Archive for History of Exact Sciences.
Jed's wife Diana Kormos Buchwald is the director of the Einstein Papers Project at Caltech.
Buchwald graduated from Harvard University with a Ph. D in 1974. His dissertation was entitled: "Matter, the Medium, and the Electrical Current: A History of Electricity and Magnetism from 1842-1895"

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Jennifer Gordon
Jennifer Gordon founded the Workplace Project in 1992, a non-profit worker center in Hempstead, New York, which organizes immigrant workers, mostly from Central and South America. The Workplace Project lobbied for and won a strong wage enforcement law in New York state. Gordon was the executive director of the Workplace Project from 1993 to 1998. Gordon was a MacArthur Fellow from 1999-2004. She is the author of Suburban Sweatshops: The Fight for Immigrant Rights, as well as several articles on immigrants, politics, and labor unions. She received a bachelor of arts degree from Radcliffe College of Harvard University in 1987 and a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1992. She is currently an associate professor at Fordham University School of Law, where she teaches courses on immigration and labor law.

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Jennifer Moody
Jennifer Alice Moody is an American archaeologist, and research fellow at University of Texas at Austin.
She studies the archaeology, and environmental history of Crete.

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Jennifer Richeson
Jennifer A. Richeson is an African-American social psychologist who studies racial identity and interracial interactions.
Dr. Richeson completed a B.S. in psychology at Brown University and earned her Ph.D. in social psychology at Harvard University. She was a fellow at Stanford University's Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity.
Richeson was an assistant professor in psychology at Dartmouth College. She currently works at Northwestern University in its psychology and African-American studies departments. She won a MacArthur Fellowship, also known as a "genius grant."

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Jennifer Tipton
Jennifer Tipton (born September 11, 1937 Columbus, Ohio) is a lighting designer. She has designed for dance, theater and opera.
In 1958, she graduated from Cornell University. While performing as a dancer and rehearsal mistress, she noticed the importance of lighting, and studied dance lighting with Thomas Skelton, becoming his assistant.
Her first lighting design for Broadway was in 1969 for Our Town, and her most recent in 2000 for Wrong Mountain. Among her many awards and nominations, she won the 1977 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for lighting Andrei Serban's production of The Cherry Orchard and the 1989 Tony Award for lighting Jerome Robbins' Broadway. She also has won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design twice.
She is known for her designs for dance and is the principal lighting designer for the Paul Taylor Dance Company. Choreographers she has worked with include Mikhail Baryshnikov, Jiri Kylian, Dana Reitz, Jerome Robbins, Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, Dan Wagoner and Shen Wei.

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Jeraldyne Blunden
Jeraldyne Blunden (1940 Dayton, Ohio - 1999) was an American choreographer, founder and artistic director of the Dayton Contemporary Dance Company.
She developed a training programme at Wright State University, in the Department of Theatre Arts.
She married Charles Blunden; they had a daughter, Debbie Blunden-Diggs, and son, Derek.

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Jerzy Grotowski
Jerzy Grotowski (11 August 1933 - 14 January 1999) was a Polish theatre director and innovator of experimental theatre, the "theatre laboratory" and "poor theatre" concepts.
Grotowski was born in Rzeszów, Poland on 11 August 1933 and died in Pontedera, Italy on 14 January 1999, aged 65.
Grotowski made his directorial debut in 1958 with the production "Gods of Rain" which introduced Grotowski's bold approach to text, which he continued to develop throughout his career, influencing many subsequent theatre artists. Later in 1958 Grotowski moved to Opole where he was invited by the theatre critic and dramaturg Ludwik Flaszen to serve as Director of the Theatre of 13 Rows. There he began to assemble a company of actors and artistic collaborators which would help him realize his unique vision. It was also there that he began to experiment with approaches to performance training which enabled him to shape the young actors - initially allocated to his provincial theatre - into the transformational artists they eventually became.

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Jill Seaman
Jill Seaman is an American doctor with Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). She is a native of Moscow, Idaho and a graduate of Middlebury College and the University of Washington School of Medicine.
Early in her career, she was a public health care provider to the Yup'ik Native American tribe of Alaska. Her most notable work was eight years in the South Sudan fighting an epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, between 1989 and 1997. The MSF clinic in Duar, Unity State was destroyed by militia in June 1998 as part of a drive to clear the region of people so the Block 5A oil concession could be developed. Since that time she has been an advocate for increased aid and research for this and other parasitic diseases. She is the founder of Sudan Medical Relief (formerly the Sudan TB Project), launched in 2000. In 2000 Jill Seaman and Sjoukje de Wit, RN, returned to Duar to provide treatment for tuberculosis.
Seaman was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2009.

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Jillian Banfield
Jillian Fiona (Jill) Banfield (born Armidale, Australia) is a geomicrobiologist and biogeochemist whose work focuses on the fundamental relationship between microorganisms and their chemical environments. Her most noted work includes publications on how microorganisms alter their chemical and physical environments during simulated bioremediation.
As an Australian native, Banfield’s career began at the Australian National University where she completed her bachelors and masters degrees (1978–1985). She graduated with a Ph.D in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Johns Hopkins University in 1990 under the supervision of Professor David Veblen. Throughout her career, Banfield has been a professor at universities worldwide, including the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1990–2001) and The University of Tokyo (1996–1998). Since 2001, she has been a researcher and professor at the University of California Berkeley. Here she heads their geomicrobiology program and works as a researcher under the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Her current research spans from field sites in Northern California to Australia and from subjects including astrobiology and genomics/geosciences.

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Jim Fruchterman
Jim Fruchterman is a leading social entrepreneur. He is a former rocket scientist and technology entrepreneur who creates social technology enterprises that target under-served communities.
Fruchterman was a co-founder of Calera Recognition Systems in 1982. The company developed optical character recognition (OCR) technology that allows computers to read virtually all printed text. In 1989, Fruchterman founded Arkenstone, a nonprofit social enterprise that produced reading machines for people with visual disabilities based on the Calera technology. In 1989, Fruchterman also cofounded RAF Technology, Inc., a postal OCR technology company.
Arkenstone’s business assets and name were sold to for-profit Freedom Scientific in April 2000 and the nonprofit changed its name to Benetech, which is now based in Palo Alto, California. Fruchterman has been President and CEO of Benetech since its founding.
Benetech is a non-profit organization that develops technology for the disabled, human rights, and environmental conservation communities. Benetech's programs include:

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Jim Kim
Jim Yong Kim, also known as Kim Yong (Hangul: 김용; Hanja: 金墉; born December 8, 1959) is a Korean-American physician and the president-elect of the World Bank. He has been President of Dartmouth College since 2009. He was formerly the Chair of the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and a co-founder and executive director of Partners In Health.
On March 2, 2009, Kim was named as the 17th president of Dartmouth College, a position he formally assumed on July 1, 2009, becoming the first Asian-American president of an Ivy League institution.
On March 23, 2012, President Barack Obama announced that the United States would nominate Kim as the next president of the World Bank. On April 16, Kim was elected to head the World Bank and will take office on July 1.
Born in Seoul, South Korea in 1959, Jim Yong Kim moved with his family to the U.S. at the age of five and grew up in Muscatine, Iowa. His father taught dentistry at the University of Iowa, while his mother received her PhD in philosophy. Kim attended Muscatine High School, where he was valedictorian, president of his class, and played both quarterback for the football team and point guard on the basketball team. After a year and a half at the University of Iowa, he transferred to Brown University, where he graduated magna cum laude with an A.B. in 1982. He was awarded an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1991, and a PhD from Harvard University, Department of Anthropology, in 1993. He was among the first enrollees of Harvard's experimental MD/PhD program in the social sciences.

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Jim Powell (poet)
Jim Powell is an American poet, translator, and classicist from the San Francisco Bay Area.
Powell’s poetry of 1977-2007 is collected in It Was Fever That Made The World (1989) and Substrate (2009). He has translated the poetry of Sappho (1993, rev. 2007) and selections from other ancient Greek and Latin lyric poets, and published essays and reviews. Thom Gunn and Robert Duncan were teachers, mentors and friends; he was a member of Duncan’s Homer Group. He was poet-in-residence at Reed College (1988–90), a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley, a MacArthur Fellow (1993–98), and the Sherry Poet at the University of Chicago (2005).

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Joan Abrahamson
Joan Abrahamson (Los Angeles, CA, USA) is President of the Jefferson Institute, a public policy institute that brings creative thinking to practical problems. The Institute identifies innovative approaches to current policy problems and works to implement these solutions. A major emphasis of the Jefferson Institute is the future of cities. Other areas of activity are international security and economics, health, and the study of the creative process.
Prior to her work with the Jefferson Institute, Dr. Abrahamson was Assistant Chief of Staff to Vice President George H. W. Bush. As a White House Fellow, she served as Special Assistant and Associate Counsel to Vice Presidents Walter Mondale and George Bush. Prior to this, she worked for the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva and for UNESCO’s Division of Human Rights and Peace in Paris. She planned and implemented the Vienna International Congress on the Teaching of Human Rights and the International Symposium on the Political Participation of Women.

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Joan Breton Connelly
Joan Breton Connelly is an American classical archaeologist and Professor of Classics and Art History at New York University. She is Director of the Yeronisos Island Excavations and Field School in Cyprus. Connelly was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1996. She received the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award in 2007 and held the Lillian Vernon Chair for Teaching Excellence at New York University from 2002-2004. She is an Honorary Citizen of the Municipality of Peyia, Republic of Cyprus. She is a Trustee of Bryn Mawr College.
Connelly’s scholarship focuses on Greek art, myth, and religion, and includes a groundbreaking reinterpretation of the Parthenon Frieze. A cultural historian, she has examined topics ranging from female agency, to ritual space, landscape, life cycles, identity, reception, and complexity. In Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, Connelly challenges long held beliefs concerning the “invisibility” of women in ancient Greece and brings together far-flung archaeological evidence for women’s leadership roles in the religious life of the city.Portrait of a Priestess was named as one of the 100 Notable Books of the Year for 2007 by the New York Times Book Review, and the Association of American Publishers named it the best book in Classics and Ancient History for 2007. In 2009, Portrait of a Priestess won the Archaeological Institute of America’s James R. Wiseman Book Award.

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Joanna Scott
Joanna Scott (born 1960) is an American author and Roswell Smith Burrows Professor of English at the University of Rochester.
Scott has received critical acclaim for her novels. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, she is the recipient of a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, a Guggenheim fellowship, and the Lannan Literary Award for Fiction.
Her stories have been included in Best American Stories (1993) and The Pushcart Prize (1993). In 1992 she won the Aga Khan Prize for Fiction from The Paris Review for her story "A Borderline Case." In 2006 she won the Ambassador Book Award for her novel Liberation.
She is one of at least three authors who share the same name— the other two are a romance novelist and Joanna C. Scott, who has written both fiction and nonfiction books.
Scott grew up in Darien, Connecticut, where she was a volunteer emergency medical technician (EMT) with Post 53, a scout explorer post that serves as the town's volunteer ambulance service. One of her earliest pieces of writing was a nonfiction account of an EMT who lit fires, then helped rescue the victims. She became involved in the literary magazine for Darien High School.

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Joaquin Avila
Joaquin Avila is Managing Director of the global private equity firm, Carlyle Group, where he is responsible for researching and discovering opportunities in the field of buyout investments.
He holds a B.S. from Universidad IberoAmericana, a M.S. from Stanford University, and an MBA from Yale School of Management.
He was formerly a Managing Director and Head of Latin America for the now defunct Lehman Brothers, where he concentrated on the development and implementation of regional strategic plans. He has also worked for Banco Santander and Bankers Trust and was a board member of Unica, a Mexican venture capital firm. As Managing Director of Banco Santander, he was responsible for strategy development in Latin America and the acquisition of Banco Mexicano, the fourth largest bank in Mexico.
Avila also formed VAInvestments, a private equity firm based in Mexico which was financed by Banco Santander. In addition, he was a Managing Director of VA Investments/Compass Group, where he created strategic plans to develop private equity and asset management businesses in Mexico.

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Joel E. Cohen
Joel E. Cohen (born February 10, 1944) is a mathematical biologist. He is currently Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations at the Rockefeller University in New York City and at the Earth Institute of Columbia University, where he holds a joint appointment in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, and the School of International and Public Affairs. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Cohen grew up in Washington DC and Michigan and graduated from Cranbrook School in 1961. He received his B.A. in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1965, and earned a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Harvard in 1970. In 1973, he received from Harvard another doctorate in population sciences and tropical public health. He received an honorary Master's degree from the University of Cambridge UK in 1974.
He has since taught or lectured at Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, the College of Notre Dame of Maryland, the National University of San Luis, Argentina, the Central University of Venezuela, and the University of California at Berkeley. He has also held numerous fellowships, including ones with the Harvard Society of Fellows, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

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Joel Rogers
Joel Rogers is an American academic and political activist. Currently a professor of law, political science, public affairs and sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he also directs the Center on Wisconsin Strategy and its projects, including the Center for State Innovation, Mayors Innovation Project, and State Smart Transportation Initiative. Rogers is a contributing editor of The Nation.
Rogers has written widely on American politics and public policy, political theory, labor relations, and economic development and has helped found and run many progressive organizations. In 1997, in Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 against his attempt to declare state prohibitions on "fusion" or "plural nomination" -- in which a candidate may be nominated by more than one party—unconstitutional. A MacArthur Foundation "genius" fellow, he has been identified by Newsweek as one of 100 Americans most likely to affect U.S. politics and culture in the 21st century.

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Joel Schwartz
Joel Schwartz (born Long Island, New York) is an American epidemiologist, and Professor of Environmental Epidemiology, at Harvard University, School of Public Health.
He graduated from Brandeis University with a Ph.D. in 1980. He identified the environmental exposure of lead in gasoline, which led to its ban.
He is a Partner of the Michigan Metals Epidemiology Research Group.

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John A. Rich
John Armand Rich is Professor and chair of the Department of Health Management and Policy at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a 2006 MacArthur Fellow,
Rich received an A.B. in 1980 from Dartmouth College his M.D. in 1984 from Duke University School of Medicine, and an M.P.H. in 1990 from the Harvard School of Public Health. Before coming to Drexel, he was associate professor of medicine and of public health at Boston University
He was the Boston Public Health Commission's medical director from 1998 to 2005. In 1993, he established the Young Men’s Health Clinic in Boston aimed at young men who were victims of urban violence. His work there has been published in journal papers and elsewhere, for example in,. His book, Wrong Place, Wrong Time: Trauma and Violence in the Lives of Young Black Men was published in late 2009 by the Johns Hopkins University Press.
In 2007, he received an honorary Doctor of Science from Dartmouth College. He has been featured in the 2001 documentary film “The Angry Heart”, produced by Jay Fedigan.

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John A. Rogers
John A. Rogers is a physical chemist and materials engineer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Rogers obtained BA and BS degrees in chemistry and in physics from the University of Texas, Austin, in 1989. From MIT, he received SM degrees in physics and in chemistry in 1992 and the PhD degree in physical chemistry in 1995. From 1995 to 1997, Rogers was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard University Society of Fellows. During this time he also served as a Director for Active Impulse Systems, a company based on his PhD research that he co-founded in 1995 and which was acquired by a large company in 1998. He joined Bell Laboratories as a Member of Technical Staff in the Condensed Matter Physics Research Department in 1997, and served as Director of this department from 2000-2002. He is currently Founder Professor of Engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, with appointments in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering and Chemistry.

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John Ashbery
John Lawrence Ashbery (born July 28, 1927) is an American poet. He has published more than twenty volumes of poetry and won nearly every major American award for poetry, including a Pulitzer Prize in 1976 for his collection Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror. But Ashbery's work still proves controversial. In an article on Elizabeth Bishop in his Selected Prose, he characterizes himself as having been described as "a harebrained, homegrown surrealist whose poetry defies even the rules and logic of Surrealism." Although renowned for the postmodern complexity and opacity of his work, Ashbery has stated that he wishes it to be accessible to as many people as possible, not a private dialogue.
"No figure looms so large in American poetry over the past 50 years as John Ashbery," Langdon Hammer, chairman of the English Department at Yale University, wrote in 2008. "[N]o American poet has had a larger, more diverse vocabulary, not Whitman, not Pound."Stephen Burt, a poet and Harvard professor of English, has compared Ashbery to T. S. Eliot, the "last figure whom half the English-language poets alive thought a great model, and the other half thought incomprehensible".

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John Carlstrom
John E. Carlstrom (born 1957) is an American astrophysicist, and Professor, Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Physics, at the University of Chicago.
He graduated from Vassar College with a B.A. in 1981, and from the University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in 1988.
Carlstrom specializes in measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background, and has led several experiments including the Degree Angular Scale Interferometer, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array, and the South Pole Telescope.

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John E. Toews
John E. Toews is a Canadian historian in the U.S., and Director of the Comparative History of Ideas Program, University of Washington from 1981-2010.
He graduated from Harvard University, with a Ph.D. in 1973.

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John Edgar Wideman
John Edgar Wideman (born June 14, 1941) is an American writer, professor at Brown University, and sits on the contributing editorial board of the literary journal Conjunctions.
Wideman was born on June 14, 1941. He grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA and much of his writing is set there, especially in the Homewood neighborhood of the East End. He graduated from Pittsburgh's Peabody High School, then attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he became an All-Ivy League forward on the basketball team. He was the second African-American to win a Rhodes Scholarship (New College, Oxford University, England), graduating in 1966. He also graduated from the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa.
A widely-celebrated writer and the winner of many literary awards, he is the first to win the International PEN/Faulkner Award twice: in 1984 for Sent for You Yesterday and in 1990 for Philadelphia Fire. In 2000, he won the O. Henry Award for his short story "Weight", published in The Callaloo Journal. Following the publication of the Homewood trilogy, the New York Times proclaimed John Edgar Wideman, "one of America's premier writers of fiction."

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John F. Benton
John F. Benton (1931 Philadelphia - February 25, 1988 Pasadena) was the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History, at the California Institute of Technology.
He graduated from Haverford College, with a BA in 1953, from Princeton University with an MA in 1955, and PhD in 1959. He taught at Reed College and the University of Pennsylvania.

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John G. Fleagle
John G. Fleagle is an American anthropologist, primatologist, and Distinguished Professor at State University of New York, Stony Brook.
He graduated from Yale University cum laude in 1971, and from Harvard University with a M.S. in Anthropology in 1973, and from Harvard University, with a Ph.D. in Biological Anthropology in 1976.
A selection of Fleagle's works is listed below.

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John Harbison
John Harris Harbison (born December 20, 1938 in Orange, New Jersey) is an American composer, best known for his operas and large choral works.
John Harris Harbison was born to the historian Elmore Harris Harbison and Janet German Harbison. The Harbisons were a musical family; Elmore had studied composition in his youth and Janet wrote songs. Harbison's sisters Helen and Margaret were musicians as well. He won the prestigious BMI Foundation's Student Composer Awards for composition at the age of sixteen in 1954. He studied music at Harvard University (BA 1960), where he sang with the Harvard Glee Club, and later at the Berlin Musikhochschule and at Princeton (MFA 1963). He is an Institute Professor of music at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a former student of Walter Piston and Roger Sessions. His works include several symphonies, string quartets, and concerti for violin, viola, and bass viol (double bass).
He won the Pulitzer Prize for music in 1987 for The Flight into Egypt, and in 1989 he received a $305,000 MacArthur Fellowship. In 1998 he was awarded the 4th Annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities. In 2006 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Small Ensemble Performance for his Mottetti di Montale.

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John Henry Holland
John Henry Holland (born 2 February 1929) is an American scientist and Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is a pioneer in complex systems and nonlinear science. He is known as the father of genetic algorithms. He was awarded in 1961 the Louis E. Levy Medal from The Franklin Institute.
Holland was born in Fort Wayne in Indiana in 1929. He studied Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received a B.S. in 1950, and studied Mathematics at the University of Michigan and received an M.A. in 1954. In 1959 he was the recipient of the first computer science Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. He is now Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
He is also a member of The Center for the Study of Complex Systems (CSCS) at the University of Michigan, and a member of the Board of Trustees and Science Board of the Santa Fe Institute.

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John Hollander
John Hollander (born October 28, 1929 in New York City) is a Jewish-American poet and literary critic. As of 2007, he is Sterling Professor Emeritus of English at Yale University. Previously he taught at Connecticut College, Hunter College, and the Graduate Center, CUNY.
Born to Jewish immigrant parents in New York, Hollander attended Columbia College of Columbia University, where he studied under Mark Van Doren and Lionel Trilling, and overlapped with Allen Ginsberg. After graduating, he supported himself for a while writing liner notes for classical music albums before returning to obtain a Ph.D. in literature.
Hollander has been a resident of Woodbridge, Connecticut, since the late 1980s. He has served as a judge for several high school recitation contests, and says he enjoys working with students on their poetry and teaching it. He stresses the importance of hearing poems out loud: "A good poem satisfies the ear. It creates a story or picture that grabs you, informs you and entertains you."

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John Imbrie
John Imbrie (born July 4, 1925) is an American paleoceanographer best known for his work on the theory of ice ages. He is the descendant of William Imbrie, an American missionary to Japan.
After serving with the 10th Mountain Division in Italy during World War II, Imbrie earned his bachelor's degree from Princeton University. He then went on to receive a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1951. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1978 and was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship in 1981. He was awarded the Maurice Ewing Medal in 1986 by the AGU and the William H. Twenhofel Medal by the Society for Sedimentary Geology in 1991, the only time the Society has awarded it to a non-member. Imbrie has been on the faculty of the Geological Sciences Department at Brown University since 1967, where he has held the Henry L. Doherty chair of Oceanography. He now serves as Professor Emeritus at Brown.
Imbrie is probably best known as a co-author of the paper in Science in 1976, 'Variations in the Earth's orbit: Pacemaker of the ice ages'. Using ocean sediment cores, the Science paper verified the theories of Milutin Milanković that oscillations in climate over the past few million years are correlated with Earth's orbital variations of eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession around the Sun. These changes are now called the Milankovitch cycles.

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John Jesurun
John Jesurun is writer, director and multi-media artist, based in a New York, USA. His work Chang in a Void Moon is a live serial running since 1983, originally at the Pyramid Club in the East Village, and now less frequently at venues worldwide. He was born 1951 in Battle Creek, Michigan.
Jesurun received his B.F.A. from the Philadelphia College of Art in 1972 and his M.F.A. in Sculpture from Yale University in 1974.
From 1976 ro 1979 Jesurun was a television content analyst for CBS. From 1979 to 1982 he was assistant producer of the Dick Cavett Show. In 1982 he began his theatrical career at the Pyramid Club on the Lower East Side with his serial play Chang in a Void Moon. Since 1984 he has written, directed and designed over 25 pieces.
Jesurun's presentations integrate elements of language, film, architectural space and media. His exploded narratives cover a wide range of themes and explore the relation of form to content, challenging the experience of verbal, visual and intangible perceptions. His work features integrated creation of the text, direction, set and media design.

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John Kamm
John Kamm is an American businessman cum Human Rights activist. He is the founder of The Dui Hua Foundation, a nonprofit humanitarian organization that promotes universal human rights in well-informed, mutually respectful dialogue with China. He is credited with having helped more than 400 political and religious prisoners in China.
Since his first intervention on behalf of a Chinese prisoner in May 1990, Kamm has made more than 100 trips to China to engage the government in a dialogue on human rights issues, focusing on the treatment of prisoners and prison conditions. He has made 10 visits to Chinese prisons and has submitted requests for information on more than 1,000 prisoners. In an article about Kamm for The New York Times Sunday Magazine, Tina Rosenberg wrote: “No other person or organization in the world, including the State Department, has helped more Chinese prisoners.”
Kamm received an AB from Princeton University (1972) and an AM from Harvard University (1975). He served as the Hong Kong correspondent and representative of the National Council for US-China Trade (1975–1979) and vice president (1989) and president (1990) of the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong. Kamm also managed business operations for Occidental Chemical Company in China and East Asia (1981–1991).

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John Ochsendorf
John Ochsendorf (born 1974) is a structural engineer and historian of construction; since 2002 he has been an associate professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is most widely known for becoming a MacArthur Fellow in 2008.
Ochsendorf grew up in Elkins, West Virginia; he was educated at Elkins High School, Cornell University,Princeton University, and the University of Cambridge. He also studied in Spain under the Fulbright Program.
Ochsendorf is known for using architecture and engineering to study and restore ancient structures and sometimes draws upon ancient building methods for the benefit of modern construction. He has studied Incan simple suspension bridges and the earthquake-worthiness of Gothic cathedrals.

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John Rice Irwin
John Rice Irwin (born December 11, 1930) is an American cultural historian, and founder of the Museum of Appalachia in Norris, Tennessee.
Rice was born in Union County, Tennessee, but while still an infant his family moved twice, and would eventually permanently reside on a farm near Norris, Tennessee. He served in the US Army infantry in the early 1940s, and later would complete his bachelor's degree at Lincoln Memorial University. He also earned his master's degree at the University of Tennessee. He married Elizabeth McDaniel in 1954, and the couple subsequently had two children. His wife died in 2008. He currently lives at Norris Health Rehab Center. He became the youngest superintendent of schools in Tennessee in the early 1960s.
His interest in history began at an early age, and was inspired by his grandparents to start a museum. He founded the Museum of Appalachia in 1968, and has since grown significantly in both its size and number of visitors. He has been awarded several accolades and awards, and has eight different published books (seven of which are nationally and internationally distributed).

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John Sayles
John Thomas Sayles (born September 28, 1950) is an American independent film director, screenwriter and author.
Sayles was born in Schenectady, New York, the son of Mary (née Rausch), a teacher, and Donald John Sayles, a school administrator. He was raised Catholic and took to labeling himself "a Catholic atheist".^{[citation needed]} Both of Sayles's parents were of half-Irish descent.
Like Martin Scorsese and James Cameron, among others, Sayles began his film career working with Roger Corman. Sayles went on to fund his first film, Return of the Secaucus 7, with $30,000 he had in the bank from writing scripts for Corman.^{[citation needed]} He set the film in a large house so that he did not have to travel to or get permits for different locations, set it over a three-day weekend to limit costume changes, and wrote about people his age so that he could have his friends act in it. In November 1997, the National Film Preservation Board announced that Return of the Secaucus 7 would be one of the 25 films selected that year for preservation in the National Film Registry at the Library of Congress.

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John T. Scott
John T. Scott (b. New Orleans, Louisiana, 1940 - d. Houston, Texas, September 1, 2007) was an African American sculptor, painter, printmaker and collagist. He was awarded a Bachelor of arts degree from Xavier University in New Orleans and a Master of Fine Arts degree from Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. After completing his master’s degree in 1965, he returned to Xavier to teach. He received an honorary Doctor of Humanities from Michigan State University in 1995 and a Doctor of Humanities from Tulane University in New Orleans in 1997.
Scott is best known for creating large woodcut prints and for his African-Caribbean-New Orleans- inspired kinetic sculptures. He was the subject of a major retrospective exhibit at the New Orleans Museum of Art entitled "Circle Dance," in 2005. His public works can be found at Woldenberg Park, the DeSaix traffic circle and in City Park (New Orleans). Scott used to say he tried to capture the musicality of New Orleans in the colors and rhythms of his sculptures..

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John Terborgh
John W. Terborgh is a conservation biologist.
Terborgh graduated from Harvard College in 1958 and received his PhD in plant physiology from Harvard University in 1963.
Since 1973 Terborgh has operated Cocha Cashu Biological Station, a tropical ecology research station in Manú National Park, Peru. He served on the faculty of the University of Maryland then, for 18 years, on the faculty of Princeton University. In 1989 he moved to Duke University where he joined the faculty of the (now) Nicholas School of the Environment and founded the Duke University Center for Tropical Conservation.
In 1992 Terborgh was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. In 1996 he was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal of the National Academy of Sciences.
In 2005, he was elected Honorary Fellow of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation during the ATBC Annual meeting held in Uberlandia, Brazil.
Terborgh is the author of hundreds of scientific papers and popular essays, and author or editor of several books:

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John Zorn
John Zorn (born September 2, 1953 in New York City) is an American avant-garde composer, arranger, record producer, saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist. Zorn is a prolific artist: he has hundreds of album credits as performer, composer, or producer. He has had experience with a variety of genres including jazz, rock, hardcore punk, classical, extreme metal, klezmer, film, cartoon, popular, and improvised music. Zorn brings these styles to his work, which he refers to with the label avant-garde/experimental.
Zorn has stated: "All the various styles are organically connected to one another. I'm an additive person - the entire storehouse of my knowledge informs everything I do. People are so obsessed with the surface that they can't see the connections, but they are there."
Zorn has led the punk jazz band Naked City and the klezmer-influenced quartet Masada, composed Masada Songbooks (written concert music for classical ensembles), and has produced music for film and documentary.
Zorn established himself within the New York City downtown music movement in the mid 1970s and has since composed and performed with a wide range of musicians working in diverse musical areas. By the early 1990s Zorn was working extensively in Japan, attracted by that culture's openness about borrowing and remixing ingredients from elsewhere, before returning to New York as a permanent base in the mid-1990s. Zorn has undertaken many tours of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, often performing at festivals with varying ensembles to display his diverse output.

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Jon H. Else
Jon H. Else is an American documentary filmmaker.
That this is tacitly recognized is the most valuable aspect of The Day after Trinity: J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb, Jon Else's documentary feature that opens today [Jan. 20, 1980] at the Public Theater. The film serves as a kind of introduction to a period of history that is very easily ignored in favor of subjects of far less immediate concern. Mr. Else, and the movie, share with Oppenheimer an awful suspicion that when the first bomb was successfully detonated on the New Mexico desert in July 1945, it signaled the beginning of the end.

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Jon Kleinberg
Jon Michael Kleinberg (born October 1971) is an American computer scientist, MacArthur Fellow, Nevanlinna Prize winner, Infosys Prize winner, and the Tisch University Professor of Computer Science at Cornell University.
Jon Kleinberg was born in 1971 in Boston, Massachusetts. He received a B.S. in computer science from Cornell University in 1993 and a Ph.D., also in computer science, from MIT in 1996. Since 1996 he has been a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Cornell, as well as a visiting scientist at IBM's Almaden Research Center. His work has been supported by an NSF Career Award, an ONR Young Investigator Award, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, a Packard Foundation Fellowship, a Sloan Foundation Fellowship, and grants from Google, Yahoo!, and the NSF. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2011, he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Kleinberg is best known for his work on networks and particularly for his HITS algorithm, developed while he was at IBM. HITS is an algorithm for web search that builds on the eigenvector-based methods used in algorithms and served as the full scale model for PageRank by recognizing that web pages or sites should be considered important not only if they are linked to by many others (as in PageRank), but also if they link to many others. Search engines themselves are examples of sites that are important because they link to many others. Kleinberg realized that this generalization implies two different classes of important web pages, which he called "hubs" and "authorities". The HITS algorithm is an algorithm for automatically identifying the leading hubs and authorities in a network of hyperlinked pages.

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Jon Seger
Jon Seger is an American evolutionary ecologist, and Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of Utah. His work has appeared in leading scientific journals such as Nature, Science, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, as well as popular magazines such as Scientific American .
Dr. Seger attended UC Santa Barbara for his undergraduate studies, where he received a B.A. in English, and Harvard University, where he received his PhD in Biology. Much of his early work concerned models of sex ratio evolution and a variety of social insects (such as the Vespidae wasps). This work often took the form of mathematical models built from 'first principles' (such as his 1986 paper written with Robert Trivers). He is also the co-author of an influential article on the theory of bet-hedging.
His latest work concerns applications of coalescent theory to population genetics, particularly the mtDNA of whale lice, although members of his lab work on a variety of applied and theoretical topics that range from evolutionary ecology and genetics to mathematical biology and coalescent theory. In addition, he recently received an NSF grant to continue his work on the so-called "missing heritability" problem. His whale lice work had already shown that a genome should have lots of weakly deleterious mutations of small effect taken on their own but potentially large effect when taken together. This implies that the "missing" genes sought by, for example, human geneticists aren't actually missing: there are simply a lot more genes have a very small effect on fitness by themselves but have can have a large effect when the effects are combined.

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Jonathan Shay
Jonathan Shay is a doctor and clinical psychiatrist. He holds a B.A from Harvard and an M.D. and a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His early medical work was with the behaviour of brain cells in and after strokes, but after suffering a stroke and financial hard times, he began work for a United States Department of Veterans' Affairs outpatient clinic in Boston, MA. While he worked there, in his words, "[t]he veterans simply kidnapped [him]," and his work with them "utterly redirected [his] life."
With this, in 1987, he shifted from biochemistry to the still-developing study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). He has written two books on the nature and treatment of PTSD, Achilles in Vietnam (ISBN 978-0-684-81321-9) and Odysseus in America (ISBN 978-0-7432-1157-4), which discuss the nature of the ailment by analogy between the experiences of American soldiers, particularly veterans of the Vietnam War, and the similar experiences depicted in the Iliad and the Odyssey.
He is a passionate advocate of improved psychiatric counseling for soldiers, and more vigorous effort to prevent or heal PTSD, and has cited classical Greek theater and the collective mourning described in the Iliad as possible precedents.

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Jonathan Spence
Jonathan D. Spence (Self-adopted Chinese name: simplified Chinese: 史景迁; traditional Chinese: 史景遷; pinyin: Shǐ Jǐngqiān, born August 11, 1936) is a British-born historian and public intellectual specializing in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most famous book is The Search for Modern China, which has become one of the standard texts on the last several hundred years of Chinese history. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he has written a dozen books on China. He retired from Yale in 2008.
In May and June 2008, he gave the 60th anniversary Reith Lectures, which were broadcasted on BBC Radio 4.
Spence's major interest is modern China and, especially, its relations with the West. A notable recurring theme in Spence's work is the use of biographies to examine the wider cultural history of China. Another common theme to Spence's work is his interests in efforts on the part of both Westerners and Chinese to Westernize China, and why such efforts have failed.

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Jose Zalaquett
José "Pepe" Zalaquett Daher is a Chilean lawyer, renowned for his work in the defence of human rights during the de facto regime that governed Chile under General Augusto Pinochet from 1973 to 1990.
José Zalaquett graduated from the law school of the University of Chile in 1967.
Following the coup d'état of 11 September 1973, he became involved with the Comité Pro Paz, an agency established by various Christian churches and members of the Jewish community on the initiative of Roman Catholic Cardenal Raúl Silva Henríquez. Serving as the director of its legal department from late 1973 until the committee was wound up in December 1975, his job was to direct and coordinate the efforts of internal and external lawyers in defending human rights. This entailed work in three broad areas:
On 15 November 1975, agents of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA) arrested José Zalaquett and took him to the Tres Álamos detention centre. He was released on 30 January 1976, arrested again on 5 April, and sent into exile on 12 April. He did not return to Chile until 1986.

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Joseph Brodsky
Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (Russian: Ио́сиф Алекса́ндрович Бро́дский, IPA: [ˈjɵsʲɪf ˈbrotskʲɪj] (

listen); 24 May 1940 – 28 January 1996), was a Russian poet and essayist.
In 1964, 23-year-old Brodsky was arrested and charged with the crime of "social parasitism" He was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1972 and settled in America with the help of W. H. Auden and other supporters. He taught thereafter at universities including those at Yale, Cambridge and Michigan.
Brodsky was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity". He was appointed American Poet Laureate in 1991.
Brodsky was born into a Jewish family in Leningrad. His father, Aleksandr Brodsky, was a professional photographer in the Soviet Navy and his mother, Maria Volpert Brodsky, was a professional interpreter whose work often helped to support the family. They lived in communal apartments, in poverty, marginalized by their Jewish status. In early childhood Brodsky survived the Siege of Leningrad where he and his parents nearly died of starvation; an aunt of his did die of hunger. He later suffered from various health problems caused by the siege. Brodsky commented that many of his teachers were anti-Semitic and that he felt like a dissident from an early age. He noted "I began to despise Lenin, even when I was in the first grade, not so much because of his political philosophy or practice ... but because of his omnipresent images."

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Joseph Curtin
Joseph Curtin is a contemporary violinmaker who lives in Ann Arbor
He was a 2005 recipient of a MacArthur Fellows Program "genius grant". He has also directed workshops on violin design through the Violin Society of America, a group of builders.
Curtin is known for using technology such as MRIs, Lasers, and other scanning devices to measure the physics and acoustics of violins, to aid in his designs. Curtin uses the information gathered to create replicas of famous antique violins, as well as research for more avante-garde designs including instruments made out of carbon fibre.
Joseph first learned violin making from Otto Erdesz, who was married to his viola teacher. Erdesz gave Curtin materiel for his first twenty violins.
Curtin was co-founder with Gregg Alf of the firm Curtin & Alf. In 1993 a Curtin and Alf violin made for [Elmar Oliveira] set a record at a Sotheby's auction for the highest price paid for a violin by a living maker. Alf and Curtin dissolved their partnership after twelve years, but occasionally collaborate on a project together.

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Joseph DeRisi
Joseph DeRisi is an American biochemist, specializing in molecular biology, parasitology, genomics, virology, and computational biology.
He received a B.A. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1992) from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry (1999) from Stanford University.
Joseph DeRisi is currently a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator and a Professor and Vice Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) with a joint appointment at the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3).
DeRisi's best-known achievements are his work on profiling gene expression throughout the lifecycle of the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum and his analysis of the SARS virus.
DeRisi uses microarrays extensively in his work, and has designed and built both hardware and software for microarrays. He is a proponent of open access to microarray technology^{[citation needed]}, and maintains a website with software and protocols for microarray operations.^{[citation needed]} He is also a proponent of open access publishing^{[citation needed]}, and has publications in the Public Library of Science journals.

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Joseph E. Marshall
Joseph E. Marshall is an American author, lecturer, radio talk show host, and community activist.
He graduated from the University of San Francisco with a BA in in Political Science and Sociology , with an M.A. in Education from San Francisco State University in 1974, and from the Wright Institute with a Ph.D. in Psychology.
He is the founder of the Alive & Free Movement and the founder and president of the Street Soldiers National Consortium. He taught with the San Francisco United School District.

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Josiah McElheny
Josiah McElheny (born in 1966, United States) is an artist and sculptor, primarily known for his work with glass blowing and assemblages of glass and mirrored glassed objects (see glass art). He is a 2006 recipient of the MacArthur Fellows Program "genius grant". He currently lives and works in New York.
He has exhibited his work at national and international venues including the Museum of Modern Art, Orchard, and Andrea Rosen Gallery in New York, Donald Young Gallery in Chicago, Institut im Glaspavillon in Berlin, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, White Cube in London, and the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.
Josiah McElheny's work addresses history, modernism, cosmology, reflection, infinity, purity and utopia, and has clear links to the work of the American abstract artist Donald Judd. His work also sometimes deals with issues of museological displays and one's attempts to derive inferences about historical peoples from their household possessions and objects.
The artist has also expressed interest in glassblowing as part of an oral tradition handed down generation to generation.

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Judith N. Shklar
Judith Nisse Shklar (September 24, 1928 – September 17, 1992) was a political theorist, and the John Cowles Professor of Government at Harvard University.
Judith Shklar was born in Riga, Latvia to Jewish parents who fled the Soviet Union when she was thirteen. She graduated from McGill University and received B.A and M.A. degrees in 1949 and 1950. She received her Ph.D degree from Harvard University in 1955.
After graduation, Shklar became a faculty member at Harvard University and spent her entire academic career there. She was the first tenured woman in Harvard's Government Department. She was also president of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy and president of the American Political Science Association.
She was a renowned teacher and advisor, and many of her former students contributed to a volume of essays on her thought, Liberalism Without Illusions, edited by Bernard Yack.
Shklar's thought centered on two main ideas: that cruelty is the greatest evil, which she touches on in her essay "The Liberalism of Fear" and elaborates more fully in Putting Cruelty First, an essay in Ordinary Vices, and her idea of "liberalism of fear." The "liberalism of fear" is based on her view that cruelty is the greatest evil and that governments are prone to abuse the "inevitable inequalities in power" that result from political organization. Based on these views she advocates constitutional democracy^{[citation needed]}, which is flawed, but still the best form of government possible, because it protects people from the abuses of the more powerful by restricting government and by dispersing power among a "multiplicity of politically active groups" (The Liberalism of Fear).

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Judy Pfaff
Judy Pfaff, born 1946 in London, England, is an American artist, known mainly for Installation art. Pfaff has received numerous awards for her work, including a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Award (2004) and fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (1983) and the National Endowment for the Arts (1986). Major exhibitions have been held of her work at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (2002), Denver Art Museum (1994) and Saint Louis Art Museum (1989).
Pfaff moved to United States at the age of thirteen. She attended the prestigious Cass Technical High School. She did her undergraduate work at Washington University and received her Master of Fine Arts degree from Yale University.
Pfaff creates paintings, sculpture, prints, and installation art. Of the creation of her work, she says "I’ve always done prints and drawings, always. No one buys those installations, so when you see things that are portable that I’m not attached to, they’re probably two-dimensional. If you get an installation of mine, you inherit [my assistant] Ryan, myself, a crew, the dog, the noise, the dirt. We wreck the house. So if you don’t want that, then you get prints and drawings."

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Julia Robinson
Julia Hall Bowman Robinson (December 8, 1919 – July 30, 1985) was an American mathematician best known for her work on decision problems and Hilbert's Tenth Problem.
Robinson was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Ralph Bowers Bowman and Helen (Hall) Bowman. Her older sister was the mathematical popularizer and biographer Constance Reid. The family moved to Arizona and then to San Diego when the girls were a few years old. Julia attended San Diego High.
She entered San Diego State University in 1936 and transferred as a senior to University of California, Berkeley in 1939. She received her BA degree in 1940 and continued in graduate studies. She received the Ph.D. degree in 1948 under Alfred Tarski with a dissertation on "Definability and Decision Problems in Arithmetic".
In 1975 she became a full professor at Berkeley, teaching quarter-time because she still did not feel strong enough for a full-time job.
Hilbert's tenth problem asks for an algorithm to determine whether a Diophantine equation has any solutions in integers. A series of results developed in the 1940s through 1970 by Robinson, Martin Davis, Hilary Putnam, and Yuri Matiyasevich resolved this problem in the negative; that is, they showed that no such algorithm can exist.

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Julie Mehretu
Julie Mehretu (born 1970 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) is an artist, best known for her densely-layered abstract paintings and prints. She lives and works in New York City. Mehretu shares her New York studio with her partner, the artist, Jessica Rankin.
Mehretu was born in Ethiopia, in 1970, the first child of an Ethiopian college professor and a white American teacher. They fled the country in 1977 and moved to East Lansing, Michigan, for her father’s teaching position at Michigan State University. A graduate of East Lansing High School, Mehretu received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and did a junior year abroad at Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) in Dakar, Senegal, then attended the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island, where she earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1997. She moved to New York in 1999.
Mehretu is known for her large-scale paintings and drawings and her technique of layering different elements and media. Her paintings are built up through layers of acrylic paint on canvas overlaid with mark-making using pencil, pen, ink and thick streams of paint. Her canvases overlay different architectural features such as columns, façades and porticoes with different geographical schema such as charts, building plans and city maps and architectural renderings for stadiums, international airports, and other public gathering hubs, seen from different perspectives, at once aerial, cross-section and isometric. Her drawings are preparatory to her large paintings, and sometimes interim between paintings.

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Julie Su (attorney)
Julie A. Su is the current Labor Commissioner of California and the former litigation director at the Asian Pacific American Legal Center of Southern California (APALC). Su was appointed to head California's Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE) by Governor Jerry Brown.
She graduated from Stanford University with a BA, and from Harvard University with a JD. She is a co-founder of Sweatshop Watch. She is a Senior Fellow of the Jamestown Project.

wn.com/Julie_Su_(attorney)

Julie Taymor
Julie Taymor (born December 15, 1952) is an American director of theater, opera and film. Taymor's work has received many accolades from critics, and she has earned two Tony Awards out of four nominations, the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Costume Design, an Emmy Award and an Academy Award nomination for Original Song. She is widely known for directing the stage musical, The Lion King, for which she became the first woman to win the Tony Award for directing a musical, in addition to a Tony Award for Original Costume Design. She was the director of the Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark but left in March 2011, following artistic differences with the producers.
Taymor was born in Newton, Massachusetts, the daughter of Elizabeth (née Bernstein), a political science teacher, and Melvin Lester Taymor, a gynecologist. Taymor's interest in theatre took root early in her life. At the age of seven, she was already drawing her sister into stagings of children's stories for her parents. By age nine, she was entranced by the Boston Children's Theatre and became involved with them. Being the youngest member of theatre groups became common. By 11, she was taking trips to Boston by herself every weekend, where she discovered Julie Portman's Theatre Workshop. At the age of 13, her parents sent her to both Sri Lanka and India with the Experiment in International Living. After graduating High School at 16, Taymor went to Paris to study with L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq. Her studies there exposed her to mime, which helped develop her physical sensibilities. While in Paris, Taymor also worked with masks for the first time and immersed herself in film, especially the work of Fellini and Kurosawa.

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Julie Theriot
Julie A. Theriot (born 1967) is an American microbiologist, professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and Theriot Lab. She was a Predoctoral Fellow, and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She was a fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.
She graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a B.S. in Biology and Physics in 1988, and from the University of California, San Francisco, with a Ph.D. in Cell Biology in 1993. Her work has investigated bacterial infections, such as Shigella, and Listeria.

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K. Christopher Beard
K. Christopher Beard is an American paleontologist, Curator of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and Mary R. Dawson Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology, at University of Pittsburgh. He was co-author with Dan Gebo about an extinct primate from China. He worked with NASA to scan a T-Rex skull.

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Kara Walker
Kara Walker (born November 26, 1969) is a contemporary African American artist who explores race, gender, sexuality, violence and identity in her work. She is best known for her room-size tableaux of black cut-paper silhouettes, such as The Means to an End--A Shadow Drama in Five Acts.
Walker was born in Stockton, California. Her retired father is a formally educated artist, a professor, and an administrator. Her mother worked as an administrative assistant.
“One of my earliest memories involves sitting on my dad’s lap in his studio in the garage of our house and watching him draw. I remember thinking: ‘I want to do that, too,’ and I pretty much decided then and there at age 2½ or 3 that I was an artist just like Dad.” —Kara Walker

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Karen Hesse
Karen Hesse (born on August 29, 1952 Baltimore, Maryland) is an American author of children's literature and literature for young adults, often with historical settings.
She studied theatre at Towson State College, and married Randy Hesse in 1971 before completing her studies. She finished her undergraduate degree at the University of Maryland in English, Psychology, and Anthropology, during which she began writing poetry. After graduating, she moved with her husband to Brattleboro, Vermont, had two children, Rachel and Kate, took jobs in publishing, and started writing children's books. Her first novel was a rejected story about meeting Bigfoot, but her next proposal became the novel Wish on a Unicorn.
Out of the Dust is a story of a girl living through the dust bowl of the depression. The mother of the central character dies after a bucket of kerosene is left next to the stove. After the mother dies, Billie Jo and her father try and continue on with their lives. Billy Jo isn't comfortable with her father, but does as what she's told. "I don't know who he is anymore, he looks like my father, smells like my father, but he's like a stranger."

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Karen K. Uhlenbeck
Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck (born August 24, 1942 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a professor and Sid W. Richardson Regents Chairholder in the Department of Mathematics at The University of Texas in Austin. In 1998 she was selected to be a Noether Lecturer. In 2000, she became a recipient of the National Medal of Science. In 2007 she won the American Mathematical Society Steele Prize and was awarded an honorary doctorate from Harvard University. She has also been a MacArthur Fellow.
Uhlenbeck received her B.A. (1964) from the University of Michigan, and a M.A. (1966) and Ph.D. (1968) from Brandeis University under the supervision of Richard Palais. Her doctoral dissertation was titled The Calculus of Variations and Global Analysis. She participates or has participated in research in the fields of geometric partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, gauge theory, integrable systems, Virasoro actions, nonlinear waves, and nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

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Karl Sims
Karl Sims is a computer graphics artist and researcher, who is best known for using particle systems and artificial life in computer animation.
Sims received a B.S. from MIT in 1984, and a M.S. from the MIT Media Lab in 1987. He worked for Thinking Machines as an artist-in-residence, for Whitney-Demos Production as a researcher, and co-founded Optomystic. He currently heads GenArts, a Cambridge, Massachusetts company that develops special effects plugins used by motion picture studios.
At Optomystic, Sims developed software for the Connection Machine 2 (CM-2) that animated the water from drawings of a deluge by Leonardo da Vinci, used in Mark Whitney's film Excerpts from Leonardo's Deluge.
Sims' animations Particle Dreams and Panspermia used the CM-2 to animate and render various complex phenomena via particle systems. Panspermia was also used as the video for Pantera's cover of Black Sabbath's Planet Caravan.
Sims wrote landmark papers on virtual creatures and artificial evolution for computer art. His virtual creatures used an artificial neural network to process input from virtual sensors and act on virtual muscles between cuboid 'limbs'. The creatures were evolved to display multiple modes of water and land based movements such as swimming like a sea snake or fish, jumping and tumbling (walking was not achieved). The creatures were also co-evolved in different species to compete for possession of a virtual cube, displaying the red queen effect. The cover of Artificial Life: An Overview by Chris Langton notably used an image of the creatures generated by Sims. In 1997, Sims created the interactive installation Galápagos for the NTT InterCommunication Center in Tokyo; in this installation, viewers help evolve 3D animated creatures by selecting which ones will be allowed to live and produce new, mutated offspring.

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Katherine Gottlieb
Katherine Gottlieb is the president and CEO of the Southcentral Foundation, an Alaska Native Healthcare Organization.
She graduated from Alaska Pacific University with a Bachelor of Arts degree, a master’s in business administration, and an honorary doctorate.
The Foundation “Nuka” model of health care grew from fewer than 100 employees to more than 1,000; and from an operating budget of about $3 million to $100 million. Southcentral’s system is about 45 percent funded by the Indian Health Service, 50 percent from third party insurers or Medicaid, and the remaining 5 percent from foundation or grants.

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Kathleen Ross
Kathleen Ross, SNJM is founding president of Heritage University.
She graduated from Fort Wright College with a B.A., from Georgetown University with a M.A., and from the Claremont Graduate School with a Ph.D., where she studied with Peter Drucker and Howard Bowen. She is the 2011 CGU Distinguished Alumni Award Recipient.

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Kay Redfield Jamison
Kay Redfield Jamison (born October 14, 1946) is an American clinical psychologist and writer whose work has centered on bipolar disorder which she has suffered from since her early adulthood. She is Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is an Honorary Professor of English at the University of St Andrews.
Jamison began her study of clinical psychology at University of California, Los Angeles in the late 1960s, receiving both B.A. and M.A. degrees in 1971. She continued on at UCLA, receiving a Ph.D. in 1975, and became a faculty member at the university. She went on to found and direct the school's Affective Disorders Clinic, a large teaching and research facility for outpatient treatment. She also took sabbatical leave to study zoology and neurophysiology at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland.
After several years as a tenured professor at UCLA, Jamison was offered a tenured post as Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, perhaps the first time such a post had been offered to a psychologist. Jamison has given visiting lectures at a number of different institutions while maintaining her professorship at Hopkins. She was distinguished lecturer at Harvard University in 2002 and the Litchfield lecturer at the University of Oxford in 2003. She was Honorary President and Board Member of the Canadian Psychological Association from 2009–2010.

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Kay Ryan
Kay Ryan (born September 21, 1945) is an American poet and educator. She has published seven volumes of poetry and an anthology of selected and new poems. Ryan was the sixteenth United States Poet Laureate, from 2008 to 2010. She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.
Ryan was born in San Jose, California, and was raised in several areas of the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert. After attending Antelope Valley College, she received bachelor's and master's degrees in English from University of California, Los Angeles. Since 1971, she has lived in Marin County, California, and has taught English part-time at the College of Marin in Kentfield. Carol Adair, who was also an instructor at the College of Marin, was Ryan's partner from 1978 until Adair's death in 2009.
Her first collection, Dragon Acts to Dragon Ends, was privately published in 1983 with the help of friends. While she found a commercial publisher for her second collection, Strangely Marked Metal (1985), her work went nearly unrecognized until the mid 1990s, when some of her poems were anthologized and the first reviews in national journals were published. She became widely recognized following her receipt of the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize in 2004, and published her sixth collection of poetry, The Niagara River, in 2005.

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Kenneth C. Catania
Kenneth C. Catania (born 1965) is a neurobiologist. Catania is a Professor of Biological Sciences at Vanderbilt University, where he studies star-nosed moles and naked mole rats. In 1989, Catania received a BS in zoology from the University of Maryland. In 1992, he received an MS in Neurosciences from the University of California, San Diego, followed in 1994 with a Ph.D. from UCSD. Catania was a post doctoral fellow at Vanderbilt from 1995-1997. In 2000 Catania became an assistant professor at Vanderbilt.
Catania received the American Association of Anatomists’ C. J. Herrick Award in 2005. In 2006, he received a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Kent Whealy
Kent Whealy and Diane Ott Whealy founded the Seed Savers Exchange, a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of the seed lines of heirloom plants and to the sharing of such seeds both through sales and by facilitating exchanges among member gardeners. The organization works to maintain genetic diversity in both food crops and ornamental plants.
In 1988 Mr. Whealy received a Fellowship from the MacArthur Foundation.
Seed Savers Exchange is credited with very valuable contributions to conserving the genetic diversity of vegetable crops, especially those of the USA.

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Kerry James Marshall
Kerry James Marshall (b. October 17, 1955) is an artist born in Birmingham, Alabama. He grew up in South Central Los Angeles and now lives in Chicago where he previously taught at the School of Art and Design at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is a 1978 graduate of Otis College of Art and Design.
Although he currently lives and works in Chicago, Illinois, his time spent in Watts, Los Angeles, California where he observed the Black Power and Civil Rights movements had a significant impact on his paintings ). Strongly influenced by his experiences as a young man, he developed a signature style during his early years as an artist that involved the use of extremely dark, essentially black figures. These images represent his perspective of African Americans with separate and distinct inner and outer appearances. At the same time, they confront racial stereotypes within contemporary American society. This common theme appeared continuously in his work throughout the subsequent decades, especially in the 1980s and 1990s.

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Kevin Eggan
Kevin Eggan (born 1974 in Normal, Illinois) is Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at Harvard University, known for his work in stem cell research (also known as "therapeutic cloning"), and as a spokesperson for stem cell research in the United States. He was a 2006 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship (sometimes nicknamed the "genius grant"). In 2005, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
Eggan grew up in Normal, Illinois, the son of Chris and Larry Eggan and one of five children, his father being a math professor at Illinois State University.
After completing his bachelor’s degree in microbiology at the University of Illinois, he applied to medical school to become a doctor, but his doubts caused him to defer in favor of a two-year internship with drug company Amgen at the National Institutes of Health. In 1998 he applied to study for a Ph.D. in biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, arriving there shortly after Dolly the Sheep gained worldwide attention as the world's first cloned domestic animal.

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Kevin M. Murphy
Kevin Miles Murphy is the George J. Stigler Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution.
In 1997 Murphy was awarded the prestigious John Bates Clark Medal by the American Economic Association, given once every two years to the most outstanding American economist under the age of forty, and widely considered to be the second most prestigious prize in economics (after the Nobel Prize in Economics). Murphy was cited for his study of the causes of growing income inequality between white-collar and blue-collar workers in the United States and his research linking the growth in income inequality to growth in the demand for skilled labor. His other research has covered such topics as economic growth, income inequality, valuing medical research, rational addiction, and unemployment.
Murphy has authored over 50 published articles on a variety of topics including a cost-benefit analysis of the war in Iraq.

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Koma Otake
Eiko Otake and Takashi Koma Otake, generally known as Eiko & Koma, are a Japanese performance duo. Since 1972, Eiko & Koma have worked as co-artistic directors, choreographers, and performers, creating a unique theater of movement out of stillness, shape, light, sound, and time. For most of their multi-disciplinary works, Eiko & Koma also create their own sets and costumes, and they are usually the sole performers in their work. Neither of them studied traditional Japanese dance or theater forms and prefer to choreograph and perform only their own works. They do not bill their work as Butoh though Eiko & Koma cite Kazuo Ohno (a Butoh pioneer) as their main inspiration.
Eiko & Koma are permanent residents of the United States in New York City. They have presented their works in theaters, universities, museums, galleries, and festivals worldwide, including numerous appearances in American Dance Festival, five seasons at BAM’s Next Wave Festival, four seasons at the Joyce Theater, and a month-long “living” gallery installation in the Whitney Museum of American Art. They were 1996 recipients of a MacArthur Fellows Program “genius grant”.

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Kun-Liang Guan
Kun-Liang Guan (Chinese: 管坤良; pinyin: Guǎn Kūnliǎng; 1963-), is an American biochemist. He won the MacArthur Award in 1998.
In 1963, Guan was born in Tongxiang (Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province), China. In 1982, Guan graduated (B.S.) from the Department of Biology, Hangzhou University (previous and current Zhejiang University). He did his postgraduate study at Purdue University (Ph.D. 1989; Advisor: Prof. Henry Weiner). In 1992, Guan joined the faculty in the University of Michigan (UM) Department of Biological Chemistry. From 1996 to 2000, he was an associate professor at UM. In 2000 Guan became a professor (Halvor Christensen Collegiate Professor in Life Sciences, 2003–2007) at UM.
In 1998, Kun-Liang Guan was rewarded a MacArthur Fellowship, with a grant of $230,000 over five years. Before this, he won the Schering-Plough Award, by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB).
Guan currently is a professor of the Department of Pharmacology and the Moores Cancer Center at University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Guan's research mainly focuses on cancer biology and the intracellular signal transduction in cell growth regulation. Guan has made seminal contributions in the fields of protein tyrosine phosphatase, Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase, and the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Guan and his team have published influential papers in, many publications, such as Cell, Nature and Science.

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L. Mahadevan
Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan is an Indian American mathematician and scientist, and Lola England de Valpine Professor of Applied Mathematics, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Physics at Harvard University. His work centers around using mathematics to understand the organization of matter in space and time, particularly at the scale observable by the unaided senses.
He graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and then received an M.S from the University of Texas at Austin, and an M.S. and Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1995.
He has previously taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was subsequently a Professorial Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, and the Schlumberger Professor of Complex Physical Systems in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics there, and is currently a Visiting Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford.

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Lateefah Simon
Lateefah Simon (born 1977 San Francisco) was executive director of the Center for Young Women's Development. She is Executive Director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights.
She graduated from Mills College.

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Laura L. Kiessling
Laura L. Kiessling is an American biochemist, and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, at University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is the director of the Keck Center for Chemical Genomics, and the NIH Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Program.
She graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a B.S., and from Yale University with a PhD. She edits ACS Chemical Biology.

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Laura Otis
Laura Otis is an American historian of science, and Professor of English, at Emory University.
She graduated from Yale University with a B.S. in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry in 1983, and from the University of California at San Francisco with an M.A. in Neuroscience in 1988, and from Cornell University . with a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature in 1991.
She is a guest scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science.

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Lawrence W. Levine
Lawrence William Levine (February 27, 1933 – October 23, 2006) was an American historian. He was born in Manhattan and died in Berkeley, California.
He graduated from the City University of New York in 1955, and from Columbia University, with a master's degree and a doctorate in 1962. He taught at the University of California at Berkeley from 1962 to 1994, and at George Mason University from 1994 to 2005. He was president of the Organization of American Historians in 1992-93.
He participated in civil rights sit-ins at Berkeley and in the South, and the Free Speech Movement.
He married Cornelia Roettcher Levine in 1964, with whom he wrote "The People and the President: America's Conversation with FDR"; they had two sons, Joshua Levine and Isaac Levine, and a stepson, Alexander Pimentel.
An award in his name is given by the Organization of American Historians.

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Leah Krubitzer
Leah Krubitzer is an American neuroscientist, Professor at University of California, Davis, and head of the Laboratory of Evolutionary Neurobiology.
She was a reviewer for the 2009 NIH Director's Pioneer Award.

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Lee Ann Newsom
Lee Ann Newsom is currently an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the Pennsylvania State University at University Park. She has written numerous books & articles. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2002.
Newsom received all of her degrees in Anthropology, all from the University of Florida.

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Lee Breuer
Lee Breuer (born 1937) is an American academic, educator, film maker, poet, lyricist, writer and stage director.
Lee Breuer is a founding artistic director of Mabou Mines Theater Company in New York City, which he began in 1970 with colleagues Philip Glass, Ruth Maleczech, JoAnne Akalaitis, David Warrilow, and Frederick Neuman.
Breuer's most recent work with Mabou Mines was the puppet opera, Red Beads, created in collaboration with puppeteer Basil Twist and composer Ushio Torikai. Of the September 2005 New York City premiere, the New York Times said: "… theater as sorcery; it is a crossroads where artistic traditions meet to invent a marvelous common language. It is a fairy tale, a puppet play and a chamber opera… amazing work."
His previous Mabou Mines production, Mabou Mines Dollhouse, a deconstruction of the Ibsen classic, won 2004 Obie Awards for Best Director and Best Performance. The production continues its international touring with upcoming featured engagements including Paris, Hong Kong, and tours in Europe, America, Asia and Australia. Another production is being planned for production in Buenos Aires and touring in South America, and a high definition video production is being planned for international production and release.^{[citation needed]}

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Lee Friedlander
Lee Friedlander (born July 14, 1934) is an American photographer and artist. In the 1960s and 70s, working primarily with 35mm cameras and black and white film, Friedlander evolved an influential and often imitated visual language of urban "social landscape," with many of the photographs including fragments of store-front reflections, structures framed by fences, posters and street-signs.
Friedlander studied photography at the Art Center College of Design located in Pasadena, California. In 1956, he moved to New York City where he photographed jazz musicians for record covers. His early work was influenced by Eugène Atget, Robert Frank, and Walker Evans. In 1960, the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation awarded Friedlander a grant to focus on his art and made subsequent grants in 1962 and 1977. Some of his most famous photographs appeared in the September 1985 Playboy, black and white nude photographs of Madonna from the late 1970s. A student at the time, she was paid only $25 for her 1979 set, and in 2009, one of the images fetched $37,500 at a Christie's Art House auction.

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Leila Josefowicz
Leila Bronia Josefowicz (born October 20, 1977), is an American/Canadian classical violinist.
Josefowicz was born in Missisauga, Ontario, Canada. When she was a young child her family moved to Los Angeles, California where she started studying violin at the age of three and a half using the Suzuki method. Her father, physicist Jack Josefowicz, and mother, biologist Wendy Josefowicz, learned with her. At five, she started formal lessons with Idel Low. At eight she began studies with the distinguished violin teacher Robert Lipsett at The Colburn School. Leila's parents, valuing a well-rounded education, felt it important that she stay in the public school system, rejecting home schooling, despite a very full schedule of music activities.
When Leila was 13 the Josefowiczes moved to Philadelphia so she could attend the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music, where she studied with Jaime Laredo, Jascha Brodsky, Felix Galimir and Joseph Gingold. Leila also attended the Julia R. Masterman School in Philadelphia while at Curtis, completing a Bachelor of Music degree and her High school diploma in the same year.

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Lene Hau
Lene Vestergaard Hau (born in Denmark, on November 13, 1959) is a Danish physicist. In 1999, she led a Harvard University team who, by use of a superfluid, succeeded in slowing a beam of light to about 17 metres per second, and, in 2001, was able to momentarily stop a beam.
In 1989, Hau accepted a two-year appointment as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. She received her degree from the University of Aarhus in Denmark in 1991. Her formalized training is in theoretical physics but her interest moved to experimental research in an effort to create a new form of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In 1991 she joined the Rowland Institute for Science at Cambridge as a scientific staff member. Since 1999 she has held the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics and Professor of Physics at Harvard. She now is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard.
Dr. Hau’s scientific and service contributions have been recognized through honors that include:
Dr. Hau recently was awarded an honorary appointment to the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2008.

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Leo Buss
Leo W. Buss (born 1953) is a Professor in Yale University's departments of geology, geophysics, and ecology and evolutionary biology.
He graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a B.A., M.A., and Ph.D in 1979.
His evolutionary developmental biology book approaches the subject of the evolution of metazoan development from a cell lineage selection point of view. He reevaluates August Weismann's model of the cell compartmentalization of somatic and germline cell lineages (see Weismann barrier), and argues that the vision of the individual taken by the modern synthesis is insufficient to explain the early evolution of development or ontogeny.
He collaborated with Walter Fontana in producing some of the first papers on artificial chemistries.

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Leo Steinberg
Leo Steinberg (July 9, 1920 – March 13, 2011) was an American art critic and art historian and a naturalized citizen of the U.S.
Steinberg was born in Moscow, Russia and grew up in Berlin, Germany. He was the son of Isaac Nachman Steinberg. He studied at the Slade School of Fine Art (part of the University of London). In 1945, he moved to New York City, where he graduated from New York University Institute of Fine Arts with a Ph.D. in 1960, and taught life drawing at the Parsons School of Design. At this time he dyed his hair white to mimic the marble statues of the Italian arts he admired. He taught at the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania as Benjamin Franklin Professor of the History of Art, from 1975 to 1991.
He was professor of the History of Art at Hunter College. He is known for his work in several areas of Art History, notably Renaissance art and Modernism. From 1995-96, he was a professor at Harvard University.
In 1972, Steinberg introduced the idea of the "flatbed picture plane" in his book, Other Criteria, a collection of essays on artists including Jackson Pollock, Pablo Ruiz Picasso, Phillip Guston, Robert Rauschenberg, and Willem de Kooning.

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Leonard Zeskind
Leonard Zeskind is an American human rights activist, and president of the Institute for Research & Education of Human Rights (IREHR).
He worked in industry for thirteen years. Since 1982, he has been a community activist and human rights advocate. He is known for his research into extreme right, racist, and anti-Semitic organizations in the United States.
He is a lifetime member of the NAACP, and has served on the board of directors of the Petra Foundation, and the Kansas City Jewish Community Relations Bureau.
What favorable timing, then, for Leonard Zeskind's "Blood and Politics: The History of the White Nationalist Movement From the Margins to the Mainstream," which addresses all of these issues, provides a context in which to assess them and offers an extended look inside a little-understood cultural zone that is really a panoply of small groups.

wn.com/Leonard_Zeskind

Leslie Kurke
Leslie Kurke is a Richard and Rhoda Goldman Distinguished Professor, Professor of Classics and Comparative Literature at University of California, Berkeley.
She graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a B.A. in 1981, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1988.

wn.com/Leslie_Kurke

Leslie Marmon Silko
Leslie Marmon Silko (born Leslie Marmon on March 5, 1948) is a Native American writer of the Laguna Pueblo tribe, and one of the key figures in the second wave of what Kenneth Lincoln has called the Native American Renaissance. She was one of the original recipients of the MacArthur Foundation Grant later known as the "Genius Grant" in 1981 and the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994.
She was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to photographer Leland Howard Marmon and Mary Virginia Leslie. Silko is 1/4^{[citation needed]}Laguna Pueblo Native American (a Keres speaking tribe), the rest of her ancestry being Anglo American and Mexican American. Her father is Lee Marmon, a noted photographer. As such, she grew up on the edge of pueblo society both literally – her family’s house was at the edge of the reservation – and figuratively, not being allowed to participate in various rituals or joi and aunts in the traditional stories of the Laguna people, and as a result always identified most strongly with the native part of her ancestry, saying in an interview with Alan Velie that "I am of mixed-breed ancestry, but what I know is Laguna".

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Lester R. Brown
Lester Russel Brown (born March 28, 1934) is a United States environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, D.C. BBC Radio commentator Peter Day calls him "one of the great pioneer environmentalists."
Brown is the author or co-author of over 50 books on global environmental issues and his works have been translated into more than forty languages. His most recent book is World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse (2011). Brown emphasizes the geopolitical effects of fast-rising grain prices, noting that "the biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries," and one that could "bring down civilization." In Foreign Policy magazine, he describes how the "new geopolitics of food" has, in 2011, already begun to contribute to revolutions and upheaval in various countries.
The recipient of 26 honorary degrees and a MacArthur Fellowship, Brown has been described by the Washington Post as "one of the world's most influential thinkers." As early as 1978, in his book The Twenty-Ninth Day, he was already warning of "the various dangers arising out of our manhandling of nature...by overfishing the oceans, stripping the forests, turning land into desert." In 1986, the Library of Congress requested his personal papers noting that his writings “have already strongly affected thinking about problems of world population and resources,” while president Bill Clinton has suggested that "we should all heed his advice."

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Leszek Kołakowski
Leszek Kołakowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlɛʂɛk kɔwaˈkɔfskʲi]; October 23, 1927 – July 17, 2009) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas. He is best known for his critical analyses of Marxist thought, especially his acclaimed three-volume history, Main Currents of Marxism, which is "considered by some to be one of the most important books on political theory of the 20th century.
"The three volumes progress chronologically from Karl Marx's lifetime to the years after Stalin's death. The third volume looks at what happened to Marxism in the twentieth century and makes a particular example of the career of Georg Lukacs - "Kolakowski does an even better job than Isaiah Berlin of showing how Marxism affected everything at the mental level."

Kołakowski was born in Radom, Poland. Owing to the German occupation of Poland in World War II, he did not go to school but read books and took occasional private lessons, passing his school-leaving examinations as an external student in the underground school system. After the war, he studied philosophy at Łódź University and in 1953 earned a doctorate from Warsaw University, with a thesis on Spinoza. He was a professor and chairman of Warsaw University's department of the history of philosophy from 1959 to 1968.

wn.com/Leszek_Kołakowski

Lewis Hyde
Lewis Hyde (b.1945) is a scholar, essayist, translator, cultural critic and writer whose scholarly work focuses on the nature of imagination, creativity, and property.
Hyde was born in Boston, the son of Elizabeth Sanford Hyde and Walter Lewis Hyde. He received an M.A. in comparative literature from the University of Iowa and a B.A. in sociology from the University of Minnesota after which there were many years of freelance work and odd jobs, before teaching writing in the 80s.
Hyde taught writing at Harvard University (1983–1989); in his last year there, he directed the undergraduate writing program. From 1989 to 2001 he was the Luce Professor of Arts and Politics at Kenyon College in Ohio. Since 2006 he has served as the Richard L. Thomas Professor of Creative Writing at Kenyon, and a visiting fellow at Harvard's Berkman Center. He is also a Nonresident Fellow at the USC Annenberg Center for Communication.
Hyde's awards include an NEH Fellowship for Independent Study and Research (1979); three NEA Creative Writing Fellowships (1977, 1982, 1987); a MacArthur Fellowship (the "Genius" award) (1991); a residency at the Getty Center, Los Angeles (1993–94); an "Osher Fellow" at the Exploratorium in San Francisco (1998); a Lannan Literary Fellowship (2002); an American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship (2003); and a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship (2006).

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Lin He
Lin He (born 1975) is an assistant professor of cell and developmental biology at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, where she leads a lab focusing on identifying non-coding RNA which may play a role in tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance.
Lin He received a B.S. from Tsinghua University in Beijing, China in 1997 and a Ph.D. from Stanford Medical School in 2003, working with Gregory S. Barsh. She was a postdoctoral fellow at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory from 2003 to 2007 with Greg Hannon before joining the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 2008.
He's research focuses on the role that non-coding microRNAs play in the development and maintenance of tumors. Specifically, she has found that miR-34, a specific microRNA family, plays an essential role in blocking tumor cells from replicating in lung cancers, among others. Her current research is focused on understanding the mechanism that miR-34 plays in tumor suppression. Her lab is also studying the miR-17/92 family. Differential expression of this microRNA cluster has been observed in B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that miR-17/92 members are potential human oncogenes. He's work has appeared in Nature, Nature Genetics, and Science.

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Linda Bierds
Linda Louise Bierds (born 1945 Delaware) is an American poet and professor of English and creative writing at the University of Washington, where she also received her B.A. in 1969.
Her books include Flights of the Harvest Mare; The Stillness, the Dancing; Heart and Perimeter; and The Ghost Trio (Henry Holt 1994). Since 1984, her work has appeared regularly in The New Yorker. Her poems are featured in American Alphabets: 25 Contemporary Poets (2006) and many other anthologies. She lives on Bainbridge Island.
She has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Ingram Merrill Foundation, the Artist Trust Foundation of Washington and the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In 1998, she was awarded a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship "genius" grant.

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Linda Griffith
Linda G. Griffith (born Aug 30, 1960 in Atlanta, GA and raised in Decatur, Valdosta, and Roswell, GA) is an American biological engineer, and Professor of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she also directs the Center for Gynepathology Research. She is a 2006 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship, commonly referred to as the "MacArthur genius award."
She graduated with a B.ChE in 1982 from the Georgia Institute of Technology, where she was a writer and editor on the undergraduate newspaper, the Technique, in 1982, and was named a distinguished alumna of her alma mater’s School of Engineering in 2006. She received a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1988. She joined the MIT faculty in 1991, was promoted to Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering in 1996, and to tenure in Chemical Engineering in 1998, the same year she joined the newly-formed Division of Biological Engineering and Environmental Health at MIT. As an assistant professor, she joined a collaboration with Dr. Charles Vacanti and Dr. Joseph Upton to create tissue engineered cartilage in the shape of a human ear (published under the surname used in her first marriage), known as the Vacanti mouse. The Griffith Lab at MIT currently focuses on molecular biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches for regenerative medicine, drug development and understanding disease pathophysiology.

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Lisa Cooper
Lisa A. Cooper (born 1963) is a public health physician, and professor at Johns Hopkins.
She graduated from Emory University with a B.A. and from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine with an M.D., and from the Johns Hopkins University with an M.P.H. in 1993. In 1999, she published findings in the Journal of the American Medical Association: race is a factor in health care. "Her research program focuses on patient-centered strategies for improving outcomes and overcoming racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare."

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Lisa Curran
Lisa Curran is an American tropical forester, and Roger and Cynthia Lang Professor in Environment & Anthropology, at Stanford University.
She graduated from Harvard University, and Princeton University with a Ph.D. She was professor of tropical ecology and director of the Tropical Resources Institute at the Yale University. She is a professor at the Santa Fe Institute.

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Lisa Delpit
Lisa D. Delpit is an American educationalist and author. She is also an Eminent Scholar and Executive Director of the Center for Urban Educational Excellence at Florida International University in Miami, Florida and Felton G. Clark's first Distinguished Professor at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

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Liz Lerman
Liz Lerman (born 1948) is an American choreographer and founder of Liz Lerman Dance Exchange.
They have appeared at the National Cathedral,Kennedy Center Opera House, and Millennium Stage, Lansburgh Theater,Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center,, Harvard University , and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
In July 2011, Lerman passed the leadership of her company to Cassie Meador , and the company is now called simply Dance Exchange.
Since becoming independent, Lerman spent the Fall 2011 semester at Harvard as a Visiting Lecturer .

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Liza Lou
Liza Lou (born 1969) is an American visual artist best known for producing large-scale work in unlikely and tedious mediums, such as beads.
Lou came to prominence with the 168-square-foot (15.6 m²) work "Kitchen" (1995), a to-scale and fully equipped replica of a kitchen covered in beads. The work took four years to complete and was followed with "Backyard" (1996), for which Lou enlisted the help of volunteers to recreate grass in a 525-square-foot (48.8 m²) model of a backyard.
Lou won the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 2002 and is currently based out of South Africa, where she owns a studio.

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Loren H. Rieseberg
Loren H. Rieseberg is a Canadian-American botanist. He is a Professor of Botany at the University of British Columbia and a Distinguished Professor of Biology at Indiana University, and head of the Rieseberg Lab.
He graduated from Washington State University, with a Ph.D. in 1987.

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Lorna Bourg
Lorna Bourg is President/Executive Director of the Southern Mutual Help Association (SMHA).
She graduated from St. Joseph’s Academy and received a Master’s degree in Psychology from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, from Harvard University’s JFK School of Government in the Sr. Executive's Program, and studied at University of Massachusetts Amherst's Center for Popular Economics, and the University of Wisconsin's Extension Program Community Development.
She designed and implemented the Building Rural Communities Program for Economic Development. She designed, and implemented a loan fund for low-income rural homeowners. In 1997, she helped design and implement a pilot programs of the Rural Home Loan Partnership.

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Louis Massiah
Louis J. Massiah is an American documentary filmmaker.
He graduated from Cornell University with a B.A., and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an M.S. in documentary filmmaking.
He has been an artist-in-residence and on faculty at City College of New York, Princeton University, Ithaca College, the University of Pennsylvania, American University, Haverford College, and most recently at Swarthmore College.
He is the founder and executive director of the Scribe Video Center.

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Loïc Wacquant
Loïc Wacquant (born 1960 in Montpellier, France) is a sociologist, specializing in urban sociology, urban poverty, racial inequality, the body, social theory and ethnography.
Wacquant is currently a Professor of Sociology and Research Associate at the Earl Warren Legal Institute, University of California, Berkeley, where he is also affiliated with the Program in Medical Anthropology and the Center for Urban Ethnography, and Researcher at the 'Centre de sociologie européenne' in Paris. He has been a member of the Harvard Society of Fellows, a MacArthur Prize Fellow, and has won numerous grants including the Fletcher Foundation Fellowship and the Lewis Coser Award of the American Sociological Association.
Wacquant was born and grew up in Southern France, and he received his training in economics and sociology in France and the United States. He was a student and close collaborator of Pierre Bourdieu. He also worked closely with William Julius Wilson at the University of Chicago, where he received his PhD in 1994. Wacquant has published more than a hundred articles in journals of sociology, anthropology, urban studies, social theory and philosophy. He is also co-founder and editor of the interdisciplinary journal Ethnography as well as a collaborator of Le Monde Diplomatique. His primary research has been conducted in the ghettos of South Chicago, in the Paris banlieue, and in jails of the United States and Brazil.

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Lu Chen (scientist)
Lu Chen is a Chinese American neuroscientist who is an Associate Professor of Neurobiology and a member of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute.
She was born and raised in China. She graduated from the University of Southern California with a PhD in neuroscience. She studied with Dr. Richard F. Thompson.

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Lucia M. Perillo
Lucia M. Perillo is an American poet.
Lucia Perillo grew up in the suburbs of New York City in the 1960s. She graduated from McGill University in Montreal in 1979 with a major in wildlife management, and subsequently worked for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. She completed her M.A. in English at Syracuse University, while working seasonally at Mount Rainer National Park, and moved to Olympia, Washington in 1987, where she taught at Saint Martin's College. For most of the 1990s, Perillo taught in the creative writing program at Southern Illinois University.
She suffers from Multiple sclerosis.
She now lives with her husband, James Rudy, in Olympia, Washington.
Her work has appeared in The New Yorker,The Atlantic Monthly, The Kenyon Review.
Her poetry collection Inseminating the Elephant was a finalist for the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Poetry.
Issuu.com/j.broder

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Luis von Ahn
Dr. Luis von Ahn (born in 1979 in Guatemala City, Guatemala) is an entrepreneur and an associate professor in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University. He is known as one of the pioneers of the idea of crowdsourcing. He is the founder of the company reCAPTCHA, which was sold to Google in 2009. As a professor, his research includes CAPTCHAs and human computation, and has earned him international recognition and numerous honors. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship (a.k.a., the "genius grant") in 2006, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in 2009, a Sloan Fellowship in 2009, and a Microsoft New Faculty Fellowship in 2007. He has also been named one of the 50 Best Brains in Science by Discover Magazine, and has made it to many recognition lists that include Popular Science Magazine's Brilliant 10, Silicon.com's 50 Most Influential People in Technology, Technology Review's TR35: Young Innovators Under 35, and FastCompany's 100 Most Innovative People in Business.

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Lydia Davis
Lydia Davis (born 1947) is a contemporary American writer noted for her short stories. Davis is also a French translator, and has produced several new translations of French literary classics, including Proust's Swann’s Way and Flaubert's Madame Bovary.
The Collected Stories of Lydia Davis was published as a single volume in 2010.
She is the daughter of Robert Gorham Davis and Hope Hale Davis. From 1974 to 1978 Davis was married to Paul Auster, with whom she has a son, Daniel Auster. Davis is currently married to artist Alan Cote, with whom she has a son, Theo Cote. She is a professor of creative writing at University at Albany, SUNY and Lillian Vernon Distinguished Writer-in-Residence at New York University.
She has published six collections of short stories, including The Thirteenth Woman and Other Stories (1976) and Break It Down (1986). Her most recent collection was Varieties of Disturbance, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2007. "The Collected Stories of Lydia Davis", published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2009, contains all her stories to date.

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Lynn Nottage
Lynn Nottage (born 1964) is an American playwright whose work often deals with the lives of women of African descent. She was born in Brooklyn and is a graduate of Brown University and the Yale School of Drama. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2005, and a MacArthur Grant in 2007. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2009 for Ruined.
Born in Brooklyn in 1964 to a schoolteacher and a child psychologist, Nottage attended New York's High School of Music and Art. Inspired by school productions of Annie and The Wiz, she penned her first play, The Darker Side of Verona, which told the story of an African American Shakespearean company. After attending Brown University and the Yale School of Drama, Nottage worked in Amnesty International's press office for four years.
Her best-known play is Intimate Apparel, co-commissioned and produced at Baltimore's Center Stage (where it premiered in February 2003) and South Coast Repertory. It was highly acclaimed in its Off-Broadway production in 2004, starring Viola Davis. She wrote a companion piece to Intimate Apparel, the OBIE award winning Fabulation, or the Re-Education of Undine, which is set 100 years later. The West Coast premiere of her Crumbs from the Table of Joy, at South Coast Repertory, earned two NAACP Theatre Awards for performance.

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Lynsey Addario
Lynsey Addario (born 1973 Norwalk, Connecticut) is an American photojournalist currently based in London. Her work often focuses on conflicts and human rights issues, especially the role of women in traditional societies.
She graduated from Staples High School, in 1991. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with a B.A. in International Relations and Italian in 1995. She began photographing professionally in 1996. After spending time in Argentina at the Buenos Aires Herald, she began freelancing for the Associated Press, with Cuba as a focus. In 2000, she photographed in Afghanistan under Taliban control. She has since covered conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Darfur, the Congo, and Haiti. She has covered stories throughout the Middle East and Africa. She has visited Darfur or neighboring Chad at least once a month from August 2004.
She has photographed for The New York Times,The New York Times Magazine, Time, Newsweek, and National Geographic.
In Pakistan on May 9, 2009, Addario was involved in an automobile accident while returning to Islamabad from an assignment at a refugee camp. Her collar bone (clavicle) was broken, another journalist was injured, and the driver was killed.

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M. A. R. Koehl
Mimi A. R. Koehl is an American marine biologist, professor at University of California, Berkeley, and head of the Koehl Lab.
She graduated from Gettysburg College Magna Cum Laude, with a B.A. in Biology, and Duke University with a Ph.D. in Zoology, where she studied with Steven Wainwright. She was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington where she studied with Richard Strathmann, and at University of York, where she studied with John Currey.

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Majora Carter
Majora Carter (born October 27, 1966) is an economic consultant, public radio host, and environmental justice advocate from the South Bronx area of New York City. Carter founded the non-profit environmental justice solutions corporation Sustainable South Bronx before entering the private sector.
Carter attended primary schools in the South Bronx. After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science, she entered Wesleyan University in 1984 to study acting and film and obtain a Bachelor of Arts. In 1997, she received a Master of Fine Arts from New York University (NYU). While at NYU, she returned to her family's home in Hunts Point, and later worked for The Point Community Development Corporation. As associate director of the community development corporation, Carter advocated for the development of Hunts Point Riverside Park. Carter was "pulled by her dog into a weedy vacant lot strewn with trash at the dead end of Lafayette Avenue. As the pair plowed through the site they ended up, much to Carter’s surprise, on the banks of the Bronx River."

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Maneesh Agrawala
Maneesh Agrawala (born 1973) is an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, where he leads the Visualization Lab.
He received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 2009.
Maneesh Agrawala attended the Science, Mathematics, and Computer Science Magnet Program at Montgomery Blair High School. He received a B.S. in mathematics in 1994 and a Ph.D. in computer science in 2002, both from Stanford University. While attending Stanford, he worked as a software consultant at Vicinity Corporation and in the rendering software group at Pixar Animation Studios. He received a film credit for Pixar's A Bugs Life. After graduating, Agrawala worked at Microsoft Research for three years, working in its Document Processing and Understanding Group. In 2006, he joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley.
Agrawala's work focuses on the design of visual interfaces that help a user process digital information, often using cognitive design concepts. For instance, LineDrive, a program developed by Agrawala, creates route maps that resemble hand-drawn maps, adapting cognitive and map-making techniques to help a computer user process information on a route. This work was the focus of his 2002 Ph.D. dissertation, "Visualizing Route Maps". He has also adapted cognitive science into visual interfaces for complex 3D models. Agrawala has also developed a system that creates step-by-step assembly instructions for complex machines, using the idea of exploded views to help the user understand the spacial relationships between elements. His user-centric approach is viewed as having broad applicability in the fields of computer graphics and user inferfaces.

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Marcel Ophüls
Marcel Ophüls (born November 1, 1927) is a documentary film maker and former actor.
He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, the son of the director Max Ophüls. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1950.
The son of director Max Ophüls, Marcel had a peripatetic childhood, which commentators have suggested facilitated his objective documentary accounts of the French national psyche. After education at Hollywood High while his father worked for the studios during the 1940s, Marcel served with the US occupying forces in Japan. When the family returned to Paris in 1950 Marcel became an assistant to Julien Duvivier and Anatole Litvak, and worked on John Huston’s Moulin Rouge (1952) and his father’s Lola Montès (1955). Through François Truffaut, Ophüls got to direct an episode of the portmanteau film Love At Twenty (1962). There followed the commercial hit Banana Peel (1964), a detective film starring Jeanne Moreau and Jean-Paul Belmondo.
With a slump in box-office fortunes, Ophüls turned to television news reporting and a documentary on the Munich crisis of 1938: Munich (1967). He then embarked on his examination of France under Nazi occupation, The Sorrow And The Pity. Although he enjoyed making entertainments, Ophüls became identified as a documentarian, using a characteristically sober interview style to resolve disparate experiences into a persuasive argument. A Sense Of Loss (1972) looked at Northern Ireland, while The Memory Of Justice (1973) was an ambitious comparison of US policy in Vietnam and the atrocities of the Nazis. Disagreements with his French backers over interpretation led Ophüls to smuggle a print to New York where it was shown privately. Legal wrangles left him disappointed and financially broke and Ophüls turned to university lecturing.

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Margaret Geller
Margaret J. Geller (b. 1947) is an American astrophysicist at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and a professor at Harvard University. The second woman to obtain a physics Ph.D from Princeton University, the discovery Geller made alongside Valerie de Lapparent and John Huchra of the Great Wall, is one of the most important discoveries in astronomy during the 20th century.
Margaret Joan Geller was born in Ithaca, New York in 1947. Her father was a crystallographer, who inspired her interest in the sciences. Her mother enjoyed the arts, and Geller acknowledges that she could have grown up to be an artist, instead of a scientist. In 1970, Margaret Geller earned her Bachelor of Arts at the University of California, Berkeley, after switching her major from math to physics. She then went on to Princeton, where she got her Master of Arts in 1972 and, in 1975, became the second woman in Princeton history to receive her Ph.D in physics.
From 1974 until 1976 Geller was a research fellow at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. In 1978 she went to England, to serve as senior visiting fellow at the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Cambridge until 1980. She also served as a research associate at the Harvard Observatory for three years, until 1980. That year she joined Harvard faculty, as a professor of astrophysics and astronomy. She was nominated for tenure in 1986, but chose to leave Harvard, moving from the Harvard side of the Center, to the Smithsonian side of the center, for undisclosed reasons. Colleagues at the Center blame sexism at Harvard for Geller not making tenure. In 1988 she became full professor at Harvard and in 1989. Today, she serves as senior scientist at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

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Margaret Murnane
Margaret Mary Murnane (born 1959) is an Irish physicist. She is a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder since 1999. Her interests are Atomic & Molecular Physics, Nanoscience, and Optical Physics. Her work with lasers has earned her multiple awards including the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship award in 2000.
Born and raised in County Limerick, Ireland, Murnane became interested in physics through her father who was an elementary school teacher. She received her B.A. and B.S. from University College, Cork. She moved to the United States to study at the University of California at Berkeley where she earned her Ph.D in 1989. She is married to Prof. Henry Kapteyn, a physicist in his own right. They work together and operate their own lab at JILA at the University of Colorado.
Murnane has written or co-written approximately 130 publications in peer reviewed journals, with an average of 42 citations per paper. She built a laser that flashed for ten quadrillionths of a second - the fastest that any human being has ever created.^{[citation needed]} In their lab, Murnane, Kapteyn, and their students make lasers whose beams flash like a strobe light - except that each flash is a trillion times faster. These lasers, like camera flashes, shine a light that lets them record the motions of atoms in chemical reactions. Some of her lasers can generate pulses of less than 12 femtoseconds.

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Margaret W. Rossiter
Margaret W. Rossiter is an American historian of science, and Marie Underhill Noll Professor of the History of Science, at Cornell University. Rossiter coined the term Matilda effect for the systematic repression and denial of the contribution of women scientists in research, whose work is often attributed to their male colleagues.

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Margie Profet
Margaret J. "Margie" Profet (born August 7, 1958) is an American evolutionary biologist with no formal biology training who created a decade-long controversy when she published her findings on the role of Darwinian evolution in menstruation,allergies and morning sickness. She argued that these three processes had evolved to eliminate pathogens, carcinogens and other toxins from the body.
Detractors argued that little to no experimental evidence supported Profet's reasoning. But supporters—including U.C. Santa Barbara anthropologist Donald Symons and U.C. Berkeley toxicologist Bruce Ames—considered her work a pioneering analysis of evolutionary theory in a never-before-studied, everyday context.
When Profet won a MacArthur Fellowship in 1993, international media took notice. New York Times reporter Natalie Angier called Profet's theory that menstruation protected the female mammal's reproductive canals a "radical new view".Scientific American, Time, Omni, and even People Magazine all followed with in-depth profiles of the 35-year-old "maverick" scientific prodigy.

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Mari Jo Buhle
Mari Jo Buhle is an American historian, and William J. Kenan Jr. University Professor Emerita, at Brown University.
She graduated from University of Wisconsin-Madison, with a Ph.D., in 1974.

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Maria Crawford
Maria Luisa Crawford is an American geologist.
She graduated from Bryn Mawr College and from University of California, Berkeley with a PhD in geology in 1964. In 1982 and 1999, she spoke at the Philadelphia Geological Society. She taught at Bryn Mawr until retiring in 2006.
She married William A. Crawford. The Association of Women Geologists award the Crawford Field Camp Scholarships.

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Maria Mavroudi
Maria Mavroudi (born 1967) is a history professor at University of California, Berkeley. Fluent in classical Greek and Arabic, she also understands Coptic, Latin, and Syriac, and speaks modern Greek and English fluently. She formerly taught at Princeton University.
She graduated from Anatolia College in Thessaloniki, Greece, from the University of Thessaloniki with a Philology degree, and from Harvard University with a PhD in Byzantine Studies.
She researches the recycling of the ancient tradition between Byzantium and Islam; Byzantine intellectual history; survival and transformation of Byzantine culture after 1453, along with other various topics.

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Marian Edelman
Marian Wright Edelman (born June 6, 1939) is an American activist for the rights of children. She is president and founder of the Children's Defense Fund.
Marian Wright was born June 6, 1939 in Bennettsville S.C.. In 1953, her father died when she was 14, urging in his last words, "Don't let anything get in the way of your education."
She attended Marlboro Training High School in Bennettsville, and went on to Spelman College and traveled the world on a Merrill scholarship and studied in the Soviet Union as a Lisle fellow. She also became involved in the Civil Rights Movement, and after being arrested for her activism, she decided to study law and enrolled at Yale Law School where she earned a Juris Doctor in 1963.
Edelman was the first African American woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar. She began practicing law with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.'s Mississippi office, working on racial justice issues connected with the civil rights movement and representing activists during the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964. She also helped establish a Head Start program in her community.

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Marin Alsop
Marin Alsop (born October 16, 1956) is an American conductor and violinist. She is the music director of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra.
In 2012, Alsop will replace Yan Pascal Tortelier as principal conductor of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra.
Alsop was born in New York City to professional musician parents. She attended Yale University, but later transferred to the Juilliard School, where she earned a bachelor's and a master's degree in violin. She founded the string ensemble String Fever in 1981. She won the Koussevitzky Prize as outstanding student conductor at the Tanglewood Music Center in 1989.
Alsop has been music director of the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music in Santa Cruz, California, since 1992. The festival specializes in contemporary orchestral music. From 1993 to 2005, she was first principal conductor and then music director of the Colorado Symphony Orchestra. She is now the orchestra's conductor laureate. Alsop has also served as music director of the Eugene Symphony in Eugene, Oregon. She was associate conductor of the Richmond Symphony in Richmond, Virginia, from 1988 to 1990. On September 20, 2005, Alsop became the first conductor ever to receive a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Marin Soljačić
Marin Soljačić (born February 7, 1974) is a Croatian physicist and electrical engineer known for wireless non-radiative energy transfer.
Marin Soljačić was born in Zagreb in 1974. After graduating from XV Gymnasium (MIOC) in Zagreb he got a scholarship from MIT where he got his BSc in physics and electrical engineering in 1996. In 1998 he got his MSc from Princeton University and in 2000 he got his PhD in Physics. In 2005 he became a professor of Physics at MIT. In 2008, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.
In 2007 Marin Soljačić and his assistants successfully made the first efficient non-radiative power transfer at a distance of 2 meters turning on a 60 W light bulb. Energy transfer was 40% efficient. Professor Soljačić's experiments and work in wireless energy transfer are related in spirit to the work of Nikola Tesla in the early 20th century, but also have significant differences: unlike Tesla's failed efforts at long-range wireless energy transfer, the Soljačić group focuses only on short-range transfer, and unlike Tesla coils which resonantly transfer power with electric fields (which couple strongly to surrounding matter, most famously inducing artificial lightning) the Soljačić proposal uses coupling primarily via magnetic fields. This work is currently being pursued in Soljačić's WiTricity company. Soljačić believes that low-power commercial application of this technology, such as charging of mobile phones, is several years away.

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Marion Williams
Marion Williams (August 29, 1927 – July 2, 1994) was an American gospel singer.
Marion Williams was born in Miami, Florida, to a religiously devout mother and musically inclined father. She left school when she was nine years old to help support the family, and worked as a maid, a nurse, and in factories and laundries. She began singing in front of auiences while young. As was common in the area, Williams learned African-American blues and jazz, alongside Caribbean calypso. Poverty caused Williams to leave school at fourteen, working with her mother at a laundry. She was singing at church and on street corners, inspired by a wide range of musicians, including Sister Rosetta Tharpe and the Smith Jubilee Singers. She stuck with gospel in spite of pressure to switch to popular blues tunes or the opera.
In 1946, while visiting a friend in Philadelphia, Williams happened to sing before an audience that included Clara and Gertrude Ward. They recognized her talent and offered her a job. A year later, she became part of the famous Ward Singers. Her growling, hands-on-the-hips vocal style made her the group's undisputed star.

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Mark Bradford
Mark Bradford (born 1961 Los Angeles, California) is an American artist living and working in Los Angeles.
He studied at the California Institute of the Arts, located at Valencia, California, U.S., earning an MFA in 1997 and a BFA in 1995. He is known for grid-like abstract paintings combining collage with paints.
Bradford's "A Truly Rich Man is One Whose Children Run into His Arms Even When His Hands Are Empty" (2008), nearly 9 feet wide and 9 feet tall, according to Maxwell Heller in The Brooklyn Rail, "calls to mind the charred and shattered windshields of cars burned in riots—black, webbed with streaks of light, sleek. If studied section by section, it offers traces of the artist’s sensual, tactile process, revealing delicate layers of found material sliced and sanded, lacquered and pasted until transformed."
He has exhibited in the Sao Paulo Biennial (2006), Whitney Biennial (2006), Liverpool Biennial (2006), ARCO 2003 in Madrid, In Site at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego and the Centro Cultural de Tijuana, USA Today at the Royal Academy in London, Street Level (2007) at the Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, at the Wexner Center for the Arts at The Ohio State University (2010), Sikkema Jenkins Gallery, the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (2011), the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (2011), and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (2012)

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Mark Danner
Mark David Danner (born November 10, 1958) is a prominent American writer, journalist, and educator. He is a former staff writer for The New Yorker and frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books. Danner specializes in U.S. foreign affairs, war and politics, and has written extensively on Haiti, Central America, the former Yugoslavia, and the Middle East. In 1999, he was named a MacArthur Fellow.
He is currently serving as a professor at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.
Danner was born at Utica, New York. He attended Utica Free Academy, a public high school, and then Harvard, where he graduated, magna cum laude, with a degree in modern literature and aesthetics in 1981.
After leaving Harvard, Danner joined the staff of The New York Review of Books, where he worked as an assistant to editor Robert B. Silvers from 1981 to 1984. In 1984, he moved to Harper's Magazine as a senior editor. In 1986, he joined The New York Times Magazine, where he specialized in foreign affairs and politics, writing pieces about nuclear weapons and about the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in Haiti, among other stories.

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Mark Morris
Mark William Morris (born 29 August 1956) is an American dancer, choreographer and director whose work is acclaimed for its craftsmanship, ingenuity, humor, and at times eclectic musical accompaniments. Morris is popular among dance aficionados, the music world, as well as mainstream audiences.
Morris grew up in Seattle, Washington, in a family that appreciated music and dance and nurtured his budding talents; his father taught him how to read music and his mother Maxine introduced him to flamenco, and ballet. He studied as a young boy with Verla Flowers and Perry Brunson. At the age of 16, after graduating early from high school, he traveled to Spain where, at the time, he felt he was destined to be a Flamenco dancer. However, because of the Franco regime, among other things, he returned to the United States. He moved to New York City in 1976 and lived in a loft in Hoboken, New Jersey, with other artists who also performed in the city. In the early years of his career, he performed with the companies of Hannah Kahn, Laura Dean, and Eliot Feld.

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Mark S. Wrighton
Mark Stephen Wrighton (born June 11, 1949) is an American academic, a chemist, and the current Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. Born in Jacksonville, Florida, Wrighton received his B.S. in Chemistry from Florida State University in 1969. While at Florida State, he won the Monsanto Chemistry Award for outstanding research. He received his Ph.D at the age of 22 from the California Institute of Technology, working under Harry B. Gray and George S. Hammond. His doctoral dissertation subject was Photoprocesses in Metal-Containing Molecules. He graduated from Caltech in 1972.
Wrighton joined the faculty of the chemistry department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall of 1972 as an assistant professor. In 1976, he was promoted to associate professor and was made a full professor the following year. Wrighton held the Frederick G. Keyes Chair in Chemistry from 1981 to 1989, when he was given the newly endowed Ciba-Geigy Chair in Chemistry.
Wrighton's research interests are centered around photochemistry and metal catalysts. He has written more than 300 journal articles and holds 14 patents. During his time at MIT, Wrighton supervised the doctoral research of more than 70 students.

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Mark Strand
Mark Strand (born 11 April 1934) is an American poet, essayist, and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990. Since 2005-06, he has been a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University.
Strand was born on Summerside, Prince Edward Island, Canada. His early years were spent in North America, while much of his teenage years were spent in South and Central America. In 1957, he earned his B.A. from Antioch College in Ohio. Strand then studied painting under Josef Albers at Yale University where he earned a B.F.A in 1959. On a Fulbright Scholarship, Strand studied nineteenth-century Italian poetry in Italy during 1960–1961.
He attended the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa the following year and earned a Master of Arts in 1962. In 1965 he spent a year in Brazil as a Fulbright Lecturer. His academic career has taken him to numerous colleges and universities to teach. A partial list:
In 1997, he left Johns Hopkins University to accept the Andrew MacLeish Distinguished Service Professorship of Social Thought at the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. Since 2005-06, Strand has been teaching literature and creative writing at Columbia University, in New York City.

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Markus Greiner
Markus Greiner is a German physicist. He is the winner of the thesis award of the American Physical Society 2004 and of the William L. McMillan Award 2005 for outstanding contributions in condensed matter physics. He was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow
He studied under the 2005 Nobel Laureate Theodor Hänsch at the Ludwig-Maximilians University and at the Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, where he received his diploma in physics. The diploma thesis was entitled ”Transport of magnetically trapped atoms: a simple approach to Bose-Einstein condensation”. He earned his PhD for his work on "Bose-Einstein condensates in three-dimensional optical lattices" at the same institution. He then moved to the United States and from 2003 - 2005 he was a postdoctoral researcher at the Joint Institute for Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado. There, he worked on the creation of a fermionic condensate of ultracold atoms. He is a Professor of Physics at Harvard University.

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Martha Clarke
Martha Clarke (born June 3, 1944) is an American theater director and choreographer noted for her multidisciplinary approach to theatre, dance, and opera productions. She is the creator of plotless, dreamlike works that are perhaps described by the term "moving paintings. Her work frequently emphasizes striking visual tableaux, often directly inspired by visual art, especially painting. Though dance is the primary basis of Clarke's training, she has maintained a career which spans and melds dance, theater, the visual arts, and opera. Probably her best-known original work is The Garden of Earthly Delights (1984), an exploration in theatre, dance, music and flying of the famous painting of the same name by Hieronymus Bosch. In June 2007, a new version of the show opened the 30th anniversary of the American Dance Festival. On November 19, 2008, the re-imagined Garden of Earthly Delights opened Off-Broadway at the Minetta Lane Theater in New York City; two extensions and five months later – it ran until April 5, 2009. A world tour will follow.

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Martin Daniel Eakes
Martin Daniel Eakes is an American economic development strategist, and credit union CEO.
Eakes grew up in Greensboro, North Carolina and graduated from Davidson College, where he majored in physics and philosophy, and holds a J.D. from Yale Law School and an M.P.P. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.
In 1980, he co-founded the Center for Community Self-Help in Durham. In 1998, he helped form the Coalition for Responsible Lending.
He married Barbara Marie Wright; they have two children, Justin and Carlyn.

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Martin Kreitman
Martin Kreitman is an American geneticist, and Professor at the University of Chicago.
He graduated from Stony Brook University with a B.S. Biology, in 1975, and from University of Florida with a M.S. Zoology, in 1977, and from Harvard University with a Ph.D. in Population Genetics, in 1983.

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Martin Puryear
Martin Puryear (born May 23, 1941) is an African American sculptor. He works in media including wood, stone, tar, and wire, and his work is a union of minimalism and traditional crafts.
Martin Puryear was born in Washington, D.C., and he spent his youth studying practical crafts, learning how to build guitars and furniture.^{[citation needed]} He received a B.A. from The Catholic University of America in 1963 and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Sierra Leone from 1964 to 1966. In the late 1960s, he studied printmaking in Sweden and assisted a master cabinet-maker. He entered the Yale University graduate sculpture program in 1968. In 1978, Puryear moved to Chicago, where he lived for 12 years. It was during this time that he gained international recognition.
His first solo exhibition was held in the late 1970s at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In the 1980s he participated in two Whitney Biennials and received a Guggenheim Fellowship. He received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1989.
In 2003, he served on the Jury for the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition.^{[citation needed]}

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Mary Tinetti
Mary Tinetti is an American physician, and Gladys Phillips Crofoot Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health at Yale University, and Director of the Yale Program on Aging.
She graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor with a B.A. in 1973, and from the University of Michigan Medical School with an M.D. in 1978. She was a resident at the University of Minnesota. She studied on a geriatric fellowship at the University of Rochester with Dr. T. Franklin Williams. She pioneered the study of morbidity due to falls by elderly people, and investigated risk-reduction strategies that were both effective and cost-effective.

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Mary Zimmerman
Mary Zimmerman is an American theatre director and playwright, born in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Zimmerman is a member of the Lookingglass Theatre Company and is an Artistic Associate of the Goodman Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. She received her BS, MA and PhD from Northwestern University, where she is currently a faculty member in the Performance Studies department. She has earned national and international recognition in the form of numerous awards, including the prestigious John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fellowship (1998). She has won more than 20 Joseph Jefferson Awards for her creative work and received a 2002 Tony Award for Best Direction for Metamorphoses. Other productions include Eleven Rooms of Proust and The Secret In The Wings.
In 2004 she directed a production of Pericles, Prince of Tyre at the Shakespeare Theatre Company in Washington, D.C. Her production was re-staged in 2006 at the Shakespeare Theatre Company Free For All. The following year, Zimmerman directed another Shakespeare play, Cymbeline, at Northwestern University.

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Matias Zaldarriaga
Matias Zaldarriaga is an Argentine cosmologist. Born in Coghlan neighbourhood, Buenos Aires, at the present time he works in the Institute for Advanced Study located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. He is known especially for his work on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Together with Uros Seljak, he developed the CMBFAST code, the first computationally efficient method for computing the anisotropy of the CMB for an arbitrary set of cosmological parameters. In 2003, he was awarded the Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy by the American Astronomical Society, and in 2005 he won the Gribov Medal of the European Physical Society. In 2006, he was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Matthew Carter
Matthew Carter (born in London in 1937) is a type designer. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Carter's career in type design has witnessed the transition from physical metal type to digital type. He was named a 2010 MacArthur Fellow.
Matthew Carter is the son of the English typographer Harry Carter (1901–1982).
Although Carter had intended to get a degree in English at Oxford University he was advised to take a year off so he would be the same age as his contemporaries who had gone into National Service. It was through his father, Harry Carter, also a type designer, that Matthew Carter was given an internship at the Joh. Enschedé type foundry in the Netherlands. So at the age of 19, Carter spent a year studying in The Netherlands where he learned from Jan van Krimpen's assistant P. H. Raedisch, who taught Carter the art of punch cutting. By 1961 Carter was able to use the skills he acquired to cut his own version of the semi-bold typeface Dante.
Carter eventually returned to London where he became a freelancer as well as the typographic advisor to Crosfield Electronics, distributors of Photon phototypesetting machines. Carter designed many typefaces for Mergenthaler Linotype as well. Under Linotype, Carter created well known typefaces including the 100-year replacement typeface for Bell Telephone Company, Bell Centennial.

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Matthew Meselson
Matthew Stanley Meselson (born May 24, 1930) is an American geneticist and molecular biologist whose research was important in showing how DNA replicates, recombines and is repaired in cells. In his mature years, he has been an active chemical and biological weapons activist and consultant. He is married to the medical anthropologist and biological weapons writer Jeanne Guillemin.
Meselson studied chemistry at the University of Chicago and graduated in 1951. He went on to study under Linus Pauling who assigned him work on x-ray crystallography which he later wrote a thesis on in 1958. He was a research fellow and then Assistant Professor of Physical Chemistry at CalTech until he joined the Harvard faculty in 1960, where he conducts research in molecular genetics and evolution. He started in Harvard as associate professor and taught undergraduate genetics for many years.
In 1957 with Franklin Stahl he showed that DNA replicates semi-conservatively. The Meselson-Stahl experiment used the Escherichia coli grown in the presence of the nitrogen isotope nitrogen-15, which was then switched to be grown with normal nitrogen, nitrogen-14. When they extracted the DNA using density centrifugation they found three types of DNA, one containing nitrogen-15, one containing nitrogen-14, and a hybrid containing both isotopes. When the hybrid DNA was made single stranded by heating, they could show one parental strand and one that had been newly synthesized, so when DNA is synthesized the DNA double helix splits into two, each of the single strands acting as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. This phenomenon is called semi-conservative DNA replication.

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Matthew Rabin
Matthew Joel Rabin (born December 27, 1963) is the Edward G. and Nancy S. Jordan Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the recipient of the 2001 John Bates Clark Medal, awarded to "that American economist under the age of forty who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge."
He received a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Mathematics from University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1984 and Ph.D. in Economics from MIT in 1989. Before entering MIT, he was a research student at the London School of Economics
His research is directed, among other economic fields, towards behavioral finance and behavioral economics. Rabin works on the economics of individual self-control problems, reference-dependent preferences, fairness motives and mistakes in probabilistic reasoning. He developed Rabin fairness as a model to account for fairness in social preferences. In 2001 he was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal by the American Economic Association and also the MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship. In 2006 he was awarded the John von Neumann Award by the Rajk László College for Advanced Studies.

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Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel "Max" Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer.
A pioneer of bebop, Roach went on to work in many other styles of music, and is generally considered alongside the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Clifford Brown, Eric Dolphy and Booker Little.
Roach also led his own groups, and made numerous musical statements relating to the civil rights movement of African Americans.
Roach was born in the Township of Newland, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, which borders the southern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp, to Alphonse and Cressie Roach. Many confuse this with Newland Town in Avery County. Although Roach's birth certificate lists his date of birth as January 10, 1924, Roach has been quoted by Phil Schaap as having stated that his family believed he was born on January 8, 1925. Roach's family moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York when he was 4 years old. He grew up in a musical home, his mother being a gospel singer. He started to play bugle in parade orchestras at a young age. At the age of 10, he was already playing drums in some gospel bands. As an eighteen year-old fresh out of Boys High School in Brooklyn, (1942) he was called to fill in for Sonny Greer, and play with the Duke Ellington Orchestra performing at the Paramount Theater.

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May Swenson
Anna Thilda May "May" Swenson (May 28, 1913 in Logan, Utah – December 4, 1989 in Bethany Beach, Delaware) was an American poet and playwright. She is considered one of the most important and original poets of the 20th century, as often hailed by the noted critic Harold Bloom.
The first child of Margaret and Dan Arthur Swenson, she grew up as the eldest of 10 children in a Mormon household where Swedish was spoken regularly and English was a second language. Much of her later poetry works were devoted to children (e.g. the collection Iconographs, 1970). She also translated the work of contemporary Swedish poets, including the selected poems of Tomas Tranströmer.
Swenson attended Utah State University in Logan in the class of 1934, where she received a bachelor's degree. She taught poetry at as poet-in-residence at Bryn Mawr, the University of North Carolina, the University of California at Riverside, Purdue University and Utah State University. From 1959 to 1966 she worked as an editor at New Directions publishers. Swenson left New Directions Press in 1966 in an effort to focus completely on her own writing. She also served as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 1980 until her death in 1989.

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Merce Cunningham
Mercier "Merce" Philip Cunningham (April 16, 1919 – July 26, 2009) was an American dancer and choreographer who was at the forefront of the American avant-garde for more than 50 years. Throughout much of his life, Cunningham was considered one of the greatest creative forces in American dance. He is also notable for his frequent collaborations with artists of other disciplines, including musicians John Cage and David Tudor, artists Robert Rauschenberg and Bruce Nauman, designer Romeo Gigli, and architect Benedetta Tagliabue. Works that he produced with these artists had a profound impact on avant-garde art beyond the world of dance.
As a choreographer, teacher and leader of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, Cunningham had a profound influence on modern dance. Many dancers who trained with Cunningham formed their own companies, and they include Paul Taylor, Remy Charlip, Viola Farber, Charles Moulton, Karole Armitage, Robert Kovich, Foofwa d’Imobilité, Kimberly Bartosik, Floanne Ankah and Jonah Bokaer.

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Mercedes Doretti
Mercedes Doretti (born 1959) is an Argentine forensic anthropologist.
Her mother is Magdalena Ruiz Guinazu, a radio journalist. She was born and raised in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and earned an advanced degree in Anthropological Sciences in 1987 from the National University of Buenos Aires. She helped found the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team.
She has worked at the Philippines, Chile, Venezuela, Guatemala, El Salvador, Iraq, Brazil, Croatia, Ethiopia, Haiti, Panama, French Polynesia, South Africa, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bosnia, Herzegovina, East Timor, Zimbabwe, Ivory Coast, Indonesia, and Mexico.
She has lectured at University of California, Berkeley,Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Columbia University, State University of New York at Purchase, New School for Social Research, Rutgers University, Amnesty International, The Carter Center, and the World Archaeological Congress.
Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and the United Nations regularly use her investigations in reporting on human rights. She is based in New York City.

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Meredith Monk
Meredith Jane Monk (born November 20, 1942 in New York) is an American composer, performer, director, vocalist, filmmaker, and choreographer. Since the 1960s, Monk has created multi-disciplinary works which combine music, theatre, and dance, recording extensively for ECM Records.
Meredith Monk is primarily known for her vocal innovations, including a wide range of extended techniques, which she first developed in her solo performances prior to forming her own ensemble. In December 1961, she appeared at the "Actor's Playhouse" in Greenwich Village (NYC) as a solo dancer in an Off Broadway children's musical theater adaptation of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol," entitled "Scrooge" (music and lyrics by Norman Curtis; directed and choreographed by Patricia Taylor Curtis). In 1964, Monk graduated from Sarah Lawrence College after studying with Beverly Schmidt Blossom, and in 1968 she founded The House, a company dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach to performance.
Monk's performances have influenced many artists, including Bruce Nauman, whom she met in San Francisco in 1968. In 1978 Monk formed Meredith Monk and Vocal Ensemble (modelled after similar ensembles of musical colleagues, such as Steve Reich and Philip Glass), to explore new and wider vocal textures and forms, which often were contrasted with minimal instrumental textures. Monk began a long-standing relationship with the Walker Art Center of Minneapolis, which continues to showcase her work to this day. Pieces from this time include Dolmen Music (1979), which also was recorded for her first album released at Manfred Eicher's record label ECM in 1981.

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Meyer Schapiro
Meyer Schapiro (23 September 1904, Šiauliai – 3 March 1996, New York) was a Lithuanian-born American art historian known for forging new art historical methodologies that incorporated an interdisciplinary approach to the study of works of art. An expert on early Christian, Medieval, and Modern art, Schapiro explored art historical periods and movements with a keen eye towards the social, political, and the material construction of art works.
Credited with fundamentally changing the course of the art historical discipline, Schapiro's scholarly approach was dynamic and it engaged other scholars, philosophers, and artists. An active professor, lecturer, writer, and humanist, Schapiro maintained a long professional association with Columbia University in New York as a student, lecturer, and professor. He died in 1996 in New York at the age of 91.
In 1907 his family immigrated to the United States, where he received his bachelors' and doctorate degrees from Columbia University. He began teaching in 1928 and became a full professor at Columbia in 1952. Schapiro was a proponent of modern art, and published books on Van Gogh and Cézanne and various essays on modern art. He was a founder of Dissent, along with Irving Howe and Michael Harrington. From 1966–1967 Schapiro was the Norton professor at Harvard University.

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Michael Baxandall
Michael David Kighley Baxandall, FBA (August 18, 1933 – August 12, 2008) was a British-born art historian and a professor emeritus of Art History at University of California, Berkeley. He taught at the Warburg Institute, University of London, and worked as a curator at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Baxandall was born in Cardiff, the only son of David Baxandall, a curator who was at one time director of the National Gallery of Scotland. He went to Manchester Grammar School and studied English at Downing College, Cambridge, where he was taught by F. R. Leavis. In 1955 he departed for the Continent. He spent a year at Pavia University (1955–56), then taught at an international school in St. Gallen in Switzerland (1956–57), and finally went to Munich to hear the art historian Hans Sedlmayr and where he worked with Ludwig Heydenreich on the court of Urbino at the Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte. On his return to London in 1958 he began a long association with the Warburg Institute, initially working in the photographic collection, where he met Kay Simon, whom he married in 1963. From 1959 to 1961 he was a junior fellow, working on his never-completed PhD, Restraint in Renaissance behaviour, under Ernst Gombrich.

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Michael C. Malin
Michael C. Malin (born 1950) is an American astronomer, space-scientist, and CEO of Malin Space Science Systems. His cameras have been important scientific instruments in the Exploration of Mars.
Malin designed and ran the orbiting Mars camera (part of the larger Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft) which took more than 212,000 high-resolution photos of Mars over a nine year period. In late 2006, Malin and Kenneth Edgett announced photographic evidence which strongly suggested water was flowing on Mars in the present day.
A native of California, born in Los Angeles, Michael Malin earned a B.A. from U.C. Berkeley in Physics with a minor in English literature. He then attended Caltech, where he earned a Ph.D. in Planetary Sciences and Geology in 1975. After his doctorate, he worked for four years at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he was involved with the Viking 1 and Voyager missions. He taught geology at Arizona State University for 11 years before returning to California and founding Malin Space Science Systems.

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Michael Elowitz
Michael B Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the repressilator.
He graduated with a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1992, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1999. He studies cells using synthetic biology, time-lapse microscopy, and mathematical modeling.
Elowitz grew up in Los Angeles, California.
While working as a graduate student at Princeton he co-authored the song Sunday at the Lab with Uri Alon.

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Michael Ghiselin
Michael T. Ghiselin (born May 13, 1939) is an American biologist, and philosopher as well as historian of biology currently at the California Academy of Sciences.
Ghiselin received his B.A. 1960 from the University of Utah and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1965. He became a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (1964–65) and moved on to become Postdoctoral Fellow at the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1965. There he stayed until 1967 as he was appointed Assistant Professor of Zoology at the University of California, Berkeley and later was picked as a Guggenheim Fellow (1978–79). Ghiselin served as Research Professor of Biology at the University of Utah (1980–83) and was MacArthur Prize Fellow from 1981 to 1986. Since 1983 the scientist is Senior Research Fellow at the California Academy of Sciences.
Ghiselin is famous for his work on sea slugs, and has had both a species (Hypselodoris ghiselini) and the defensive chemical that it containss (ghiselinin) named after him. In 2009 he co-authored a major study on chemical defense: Cimino, Guido and Michael T. Ghiselin Chemical Defense and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences Volume 60, No. 10, pp. 175–422. It can be viewed on line.

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Michael Kremer
Michael Robert Kremer (born November 12, 1964) is an American development economist and is currently the Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship and a Presidential Faculty Fellowship, and was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. Kremer is also a Research Affiliate at Innovations for Poverty Action, a New Haven, Connecticut based research outfit dedicated to creating and evaluating solutions to social and international development problems. Kremer is founder and president of WorldTeach, a Harvard-based organization which places college students and recent graduates as volunteer teachers on summer and year-long programs in developing countries around the world.
His work focuses on the use of incentives, particularly the design of incentive mechanisms to encourage the development of vaccines for use in developing countries, and the use of randomized trials to evaluate interventions in the social sciences. He created the well known economic theory regarding skill complementarities, Kremer's O-Ring Theory of Economic Development.

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Michael Manga
Michael Manga is a MacArthur Fellow (2005) and a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Part of his work has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The award from the NSF suppored his studies of geological fluid mechanics and magma flow prior to eruptions. In 2003, he made Popular Science magazines second annual PopSci Billiant 10 list and won the Geological Society of America's Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal). In November 2005, shortly after receiving the MacArthur, Manga made another list, the People's "Sexiest Man Alive" issue in which he admits that he agreed to be included because, "I wanted to get information out to people who wouldn't normally hear or see anything about science."
His research interests include planetary science, fluid mechanics, hydrology, geodynamics, and physical volcanology.

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Michael Marletta
Michael A. Marletta is an American biochemist and president and CEO of The Scripps Research Institute.
He graduated from the State University of New York at Fredonia with an A.B. degree in biology and chemistry, and from the University of California, San Francisco with a Ph.D. degree in pharmaceutical chemistry, where he studied with George Kenyon. He was John G. Searle Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in the College of Pharmacy and Professor of Biological Chemistry at University of Michigan. In 2001, he moved to the University of California, Berkeley to assume roles as Aldo DeBenedictis Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and served as the chair of the Department of Chemistry from 2005 until 2010. He was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
On February 20, 2011, it was announced that Marletta will lead the The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, succeeding Richard Lerner. He joined the Institute's faculty in July 2011, and took over the role of President and CEO on January 1, 2012. He also holds the title of Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Chair in Chemistry.

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Michael Massing
Michael Massing is a contributing editor of the Columbia Journalism Review. Michael Massing received his Bachelor of Arts from Harvard and an MS from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He often writes for the New York Review of Books concerning the media and foreign affairs. He has written for The American Prospect, The New York Times, The New Yorker and the Atlantic Monthly. In addition to his magazine contributions, he has written on the War on Drugs in his book, The Fix (2002), and on American journalism, Now They Tell Us: The American Press and Iraq. Massing received the MacArthur Fellowship in 1992.

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Michael Moschen
Michael Moschen is a juggler. He received a Fellowship from the MacArthur Foundation (the so-called "Genius Grant") in 1990, has appeared on TV on PBS, and done ads for Motorola. Cirque du Soleil commissioned Moschen to create a new work for their permanent theatrical circus in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Moschen is particularly known for contact juggling. In the film Labyrinth the crystal ball manipulations seen to be performed by David Bowie's character were actually done by Moschen, who stood behind Bowie during filming. Unfortunately for Moschen, this meant that he could not see the objects he was juggling, and it took many takes to film the scenes with the crystal balls.
A classmate of Penn Jillette at Greenfield, Massachusetts High School, class of 1973, Moschen and Jillette worked together developing juggling performances immediately after high school.
In 1991, an episode of Great Performances entitled "In Motion with Michael Moschen" focused on his creative process and shows several of his innovative juggling routines. Moschen's television appearances also include An Evening at the Pops (with the Boston Pops Orchestra), Maury Povich, Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular, The Tonight Show, Jerry Lewis's MDA Telethon, The Montreal International Comedy Festival (Just for Laughs) on Showtime, Ricky Jay's Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women, Sesame Street, The David Letterman Show and PBS's Alive from Off-Center. Moschen is featured on the recent A&E documentary The Mystery of Genius and made his television dramatic acting debut on L.A. Law. He has also appeared on TV in England, Spain, Italy, Chile and Argentina. In 2001, Moschen was named one of Dance Magazine's "25 to Watch".

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Michael Piore
Michael Joseph Piore (born August 14, 1940) is an American economist and professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research centers on labor economics, immigration, and innovation. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1984.^{[citation needed]}
Piore attended Harvard University and received a B.A. in Economics in 1962 and Ph.D. in 1966. He has been a faculty member at MIT since 1966 and has previously served as a consultant to the Department of Labor between 1968 and 1970 and labor consultant to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico between 1970 and 1972.

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Michael Schudson
Michael Schudson (born November 3, 1946)^{[citation needed]} is an American academic sociologist working in the fields of journalism and its history, and public culture.
He was brought up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He has an undergraduate degree from Swarthmore College, and a doctorate in sociology from Harvard University. From 1976 he was assistant professor at the University of Chicago. In 1980 he joined the faculty of University of California, San Diego, where he was a Professor of Communication and Adjunct Professor of Sociology until 2009. He is currently a full-time faculty member of The Journalism School at Columbia University.
He received a MacArthur Foundation award in 1990.
In the mid 1980s Schudson used the term "capitalist realism" to describe mainstream practices in advertising. Chapter seven of Schudson's Advertisng: The Uneasy Persuasion compares the messages and appeals of advertising to those found in the Socialist Realism of the Soviet Union. In his account, the realism of advertising promotes a way of life based on private consumption, rather than social, public achievement.

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Michael Silverstein
Michael Silverstein (born 1945) is a professor of anthropology, linguistics, and psychology at the University of Chicago. He is a theoretician of semiotics and linguistic anthropology. Over the course of his career he has drawn together research on linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, language ideology, semiotic anthropology and grammatical theory into a comprehensive account of language in culture^{[citation needed]}. Among other achievements, he has been instrumental in introducing the semiotic terminology of Charles Sanders Peirce, including especially the notion of indexicality, into the linguistic and anthropological literature; with coining the terms metapragmatics and metasemantics in drawing attention to the central importance of metasemiotic phenomena for any understanding of language or social life; and with developing language ideology as a field of study. His works are noted for their terminological complexity and technical difficulty.
Silverstein earned his undergraduate degree at Harvard University, and earned his Ph.D. at Harvard under the Russian linguist, semiotician and literary critic Roman Jakobson, a former member of the Prague School, where he also studied under the logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine. In 1982 he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in the second year of the prize's existence, and was the youngest person, at the time, to be awarded the grant. He was also a Junior Fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows, in Anthropology.

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Miguel Zenón
Miguel Zenón (born December 30, 1976) is an alto saxophonist, composer and bandleader.
Multiple Grammy Nominee and Guggenheim and MacArthur Fellow Miguel Zenón represents a select group of musicians who have masterfully balanced and blended the often-contradictory poles of innovation and tradition. Widely considered as one of the most groundbreaking and influential saxophonists of his generation, he has also developed a unique voice as a composer and as a conceptualist, concentrating his efforts on perfecting a fine mix between Latin American Folkloric Music and Jazz.
His latest recording, Alma Adentro (Marsalis Music, 2011), is a tribute to The Puerto Rican Songbook. On it he arranges and explores the music of five legendary Puerto Rican composers: Bobby Capó, Tite Curet Alonso, Pedro Flores, Rafael Hernández, and Sylvia Rexach (whom he considers “the George Gershwins, Cole Porters and Jerome Kerns of Puerto Rican song”). The recording features his longtime working quartet of pianist Luis Perdomo, bassist Hans Glawischnig and drummer Henry Cole, plus a ten piece woodwind ensemble orchestrated and conducted by close friend and collaborator Guillermo Klein. This groundbreaking project both honors the music of these masters while at the same time exposing their music to new audiences. Alma Adentro was chosen as the Best Jazz Recording of 2011 by iTunes and NPR, and was Nominated for a 2012 Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album.

wn.com/Miguel_Zenón

Mike Davis (scholar)
Mike Davis (born 1946) is an American Marxist writer, political activist, urban theorist, and historian. He is best known for his investigations of power and social class in his native Southern California.
Born in Fontana, California and raised in El Cajon, California, Davis' education was punctuated by stints as a meat cutter, truck driver, and a Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) activist. He briefly studied at Reed College in the mid-1960s but did not begin his academic career in earnest until the early 1970s, when he earned BA and MA degrees but did not complete the Ph.D. program in History from the University of California, Los Angeles. He was a 1996-1997 Getty Scholar at the Getty Research Institute and received a MacArthur Fellowship Award in 1998. He won the Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction in 2007.
Davis is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Creative Writing at the University of California, Riverside, and an editor of the New Left Review. Davis has taught urban theory at the Southern California Institute of Architecture before he secured a position at University of California, Irvine's history department. He also contributes to the British monthly Socialist Review, the organ of the Socialist Workers Party of Great Britain. As a journalist and essayist, Davis has written frequently for, among others, The Nation and the UK's New Statesman.

wn.com/Mike_Davis_(scholar)

Morton Halperin
Morton H. Halperin (born June 13, 1938) is an American expert on foreign policy and civil liberties. He served in the Johnson, Nixon, and Clinton administrations and in a number of roles with think tanks and universities such as the Council on Foreign Relations and Harvard University.
Halperin received his Bachelor of Arts from Columbia College and his Ph.D. in international relations from Yale University. With his first wife Ina Weinstein Young, he has three sons—David, Gary, and Mark Halperin, political analyst for ABC News, Time magazine and Time.com. He is married to Diane Orentlicher, who is on leave from her post as a professor of Law at American University, to serve as Deputy, Office of War Crimes, Department of State. He is the brother of Daniel Halperin, the Stanley S. Surrey Professor of Law at Harvard.
When a member of the Harvard Center for International Affairs, he authored the book Contemporary Military Strategy in 1967, where he defended "large-scale American bombing in South Vietnam" on the grounds that although it "may have antagonized a number of people" it nonetheless "demonstrated to these people that the Vietcong could not guarantee their security" -- thus "illustrat[ing] the fact that most people tend to be motivated, not by abstract appeals, but rather by their perception of the course of action that is most likely to lead to their own personal security".

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Mott T. Greene
Mott T. Greene is an American historian of science, and John B. Magee Professor of Science and Values, at the University of Puget Sound.
He graduated from Columbia College^{[disambiguation needed ]} in 1967, and University of Washington with an MA and PhD in 1978. He lectured at Oregon State University. He is a member of the History of Science Society.

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Muriel S. Snowden
Muriel Sutherland Snowden (1916–1988) was the founder and co-director of Freedom House, a community improvement center in Roxbury, Massachusetts.
She was raised in Glen Ridge, New Jersey She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1938, and studied at the New York School of Social Work from 1943-1945.
She married Otto P. Snowden in 1944, and moved to Boston; they had a daughter Gail Snowden.
Freedom House was founded in 1949; they bought a building on Crawford Street, in 1952. In 1960, fire damaged the building; by 1961 the building was rebuilt. She was executive director of the Cambridge Civic Unity Commission. She was a director of National Shawmut Bank of Boston. She was a trustee of Babson College, and University of Massachusetts.
A school, near Copley Square, is named for her. Her papers are held at Northeastern University.

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My Hang V. Huynh
My Hang V. Huynh (born 1962) is a Vietnamese chemist in the High Explosives Science and Technology Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Huynh's research has led to the creation of "Green Primary Explosives" which are "designed to replace traditional mercury and lead-based explosives and reduce damaging side-effects to the environment and human health."
Huynh received degrees from SUNY Geneseo (B.A. and B.S.) and SUNY Buffalo (Ph.D.) in 1991 and 1998 respectively. In 2007 Huynh received two major awards in recognition of her work: the E.O. Lawrence Award for exceptional contributions to the national, economic and energy security of the United States, and she was named to the MacArthur Fellows Program; an award known as the "genius grant."
Outlining her work, the MacArthur Foundation explained the significance of her findings: "The thermodynamic properties of substances she has synthesized make them remarkably stable under a wide temperature range, and their structure allows the substitution of toxic heavy metals such as lead or mercury with more benign elements like copper and iron. Moreover, the methods that she has developed highlight the potential for nitrogen-based reaction centers to serve as the backbone in the synthesis of complex molecules, challenging the orthodoxy of synthetic approaches based on covalent carbon bonding in organic chemistry. Huynh's advances also promise to improve the safety of workers, such as miners and military personnel, who are chronically exposed to energetic materials. In addition, the large amount of inert nitrogen gas generated in the detonation of her novel compounds suggests the possibility of new safety applications, including fire prevention in malfunctioning jet engines and improved air bag design."

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Nancy A. Moran
Nancy A. Moran (born Dallas, Texas) is an American evolutionary biologist, Yale professor, and co-founder of the The Yale Microbial Diversity Institute.
She graduated from the University of Texas with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1976, and from University of Michigan with a Ph.D. in zoology in 1982. She was a research professor at the University of Arizona from 1986-2010. Her research has focused on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum and its bacterial symbionts.

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Nancy Farriss
Nancy Marguerite Farriss is an American historian.
She teaches at the University of Pennsylvania.

wn.com/Nancy_Farriss

Nancy Folbre
Nancy Folbre (born 1952) is a feminist economist who focuses on economics and the family, non-market work and the economics of care.
She is currently an economics professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
She was elected president of the International Association for Feminist Economists in 2002, and has been an associate editor of the journal Feminist Economics since 1995.
Folbre focuses on the economics of care, which she defines as, “work that involves connecting to other people, trying to help people meet their needs, things like the work of caring for children, caring for the elderly, caring for sick people or teaching is a form of caring labor,” and she adds that caring labor can be paid or unpaid. Folbre argues that mainstream economists do not pay enough attention to the economics of care. This is detrimental to women because the exclusion of non-market and care work from mainstream economic analysis can marginalize women and children and undervalue their contributions to the home and the community.

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Nancy Kopell
Nancy Jane Kopell (born November 8, 1942 New York City) is an American mathematician, William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor at Boston University, and Co-Director, Center for BioDynamics.
She grew up in the Bronx. She graduated from Cornell University with an A.B., and from the University of California, Berkeley, with an M.A. and a Ph.D. Her research interest is the dynamics of the nervous system.

wn.com/Nancy_Kopell

Nancy Siraisi
Nancy G. Siraisi (born 1932) is an American historian of medicine, and Distinguished Professor Emerita in History at Hunter College, and City University of New York. Nancy Siraisi received a B.A. (1953) and an M.A. (1958) from the University of Oxford and a Ph.D. (1970) from the City University of New York. She was a professor of history at Hunter College (1970–2003) and the Graduate Center (1976–2003) at the City University of New York.
Nancy Siraisi is a leading scholar in the history of medicine and science of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Her research has ranged widely across these two distinct fields, from her first book on the university curriculum in medieval Padua to her current work on the role of doctors in history-writing in the Renaissance.
Through her numerous publications and professional activities Nancy Siraisi has contributed to the growth of the history of science and medicine while also fostering the continued close interaction of these fields with "mainstream" history, notably through her faithful teaching of general medieval and Renaissance history and her insistence on careful contextualization.

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Naomi Leonard
Naomi Ehrich Leonard is Edwin S. Wilsey Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University.
She graduated from Princeton University with a B.S.E. degree in mechanical engineering in 1985. From 1985 to 1989, she worked in the electric power industry. She graduated from the University of Maryland with a M.S. in 1991 and Ph.D. in 1994, in electrical engineering.

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Naomi Wallace
Naomi Wallace is a playwright, screenwriter and poet from Prospect, Kentucky, United States.
Wallace obtained her Bachelor of Arts from Hampshire College and two Master's degrees from the University of Iowa.
Naomi Wallace divides her time between Kentucky and the Yorkshire Dales, UK, where she lives with her partner Bruce McLeod, with whom she has three children.
A press release describes her as "a dedicated advocate for justice and human rights in the U.S. and abroad, and Palestinian rights in the Middle East."
She was detained after defying the ban on travel to Cuba.
Her plays are published by Faber and Faber in London, and Theater Communications Group and Broadway Play Publishing Inc. in the U S. Wallace's work has been produced in both the United Kingdom, Europe, the United States, and the Middle East.
In 2009 One Flea Spare was incorporated into the permanent répertoire of the French National Theater, the Comédie-Française. Wallace is the only living American playwright to enter the répertoire.[3] Only two American Playwrights have ever been added to La Comédie's repertoire in 300 years: the other being Tennessee Williams. The play was translated into French by Dominique Hollier.

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Nawal M. Nour
Nawal M. Nour (born 1966 Khartoum, Sudan) is an American obstetrician and gynecologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, she won 2003 Genius Award.
She was raised in Sudan, Egypt, and England. She graduated from Brown University, and from Harvard Medical School in 1994, and completed a chief residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, in 1998. She graduated from Harvard School of Public Health with a MPH in 1999, as a Commonwealth Fund/Harvard University Fellow.
She created the African Women's Health Practice that focuses on Female genital cutting.

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Ned Kahn
Ned Kahn is an environmental artist and sculptor, famous in particular for museum exhibits he has built for the Exploratorium in San Francisco. His works usually involves capturing an invisible aspect of nature and making it visible; examples include building facades that move in waves in response to wind; indoor tornadoes and vortices made of fog, steam, or fire; a transparent sphere containing water and sand which, when spun, erodes a beach-like ripple pattern into the sand surface. In 2003 Kahn collaborated with Koning Eizenberg Architecture, Inc. on a piece for the Children's Museum of Pittsburgh consisting of hundreds of movable flaps that respond to the wind creating visible patterns. Kahn won a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant" fellowship in 2003, and the National Design Award for environmental design in 2005.
Kahn lives and works in California.

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Nicholas Strausfeld
Nicholas James Strausfeld FRS is Regents Professor at the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Arizona, Tucson, and Director, Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona.
He received a B.Sc. and Ph.D. at University College, London.

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Nicole King
Nicole King (born 1970) is an American biologist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley in molecular and cell biology and integrative biology. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2005.
King studies the evolution of multicellularity, and her work on choanoflagellates has significantly advanced our understanding of how multicellular animals evolved from single-cell organisms.
King has been a pioneer in identifying choanoflagellates as key organisms to answer questions about the origin of multicellularity. Prior to her work, it was unclear whether choanoflagellates or fungi were the closest outgroup to multicellular animals (also called "metazoans"). King's comparative genomics work in collaboration with Sean Carroll has also significantly advanced the understanding of the evolutionary "tree of life," and charts the evolutionary relationship of all organisms to each other. In addition, work by King and colleagues shows that choanoflagellates possess several protein-coding genes that are highly related to protein-coding genes in animals at the base of the metazoan tree, such as sponges, cnidarians, and ctenophores.

wn.com/Nicole_King

Noel Swerdlow
Noel M. Swerdlow (born 1941) is a professor emeritus of history, astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago. He is currently a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology.
Swerdlow specializes in the history of exact sciences, astronomy in particular, from antiquity through the 17th century.
In 1988 Swerdlow received the MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, often referred to as the "genius grant." In the same year he published the book "The Babylonian Theory of the Planets" (Princeton University Press).
In 1988, he was also elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society, the oldest learned society in the United States, dating to 1743.

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Nora England
Nora Clearman England (born 8 November 1946) is an American linguist, Mayanist, and Dallas TACA Centennial Professor at University of Texas at Austin.
She graduated from the University of Florida with a Ph.D. She taught at the University of Iowa. She led a workshop, and field visit to Iximche, attended by Linda Schele and Nicholai Grube. She is founding director of the Center for Indigenous Languages of Latin America (CILLA).

wn.com/Nora_England

Norman Manea
Norman Manea (born July 19, 1936) is a Jewish Romanian writer and author of short fiction, novels, and essays about the Holocaust, daily life in a communist state, and exile. He lives in the United States, where he is the Francis Flournoy Professor of European Culture and writer in residence at Bard College.
Manea's most acclaimed book, The Hooligan’s Return (2003), is an original novelistic memoir, encompassing a period of almost 80 years, from the pre-war period, through the Second World War, the communist and post-communist years to the present.
Manea has been known and praised as an international important writer since early 1990s, and his works have been translated into more than 20 languages. He has received more than 20 awards and honors.
Born in the Burdujeni neighborhood of Suceava (Bukovina, Romania), Manea was deported as a child, in 1941, by the Romanian fascist authorities, allied with Nazi Germany, to the concentration camp of Transnistria in the Ukraine with his family and the entire Jewish population of the region. He returned to Romania in 1945 with the surviving members of his family and graduated with high honors from the high school (liceu) Stefan cel Mare (Stephan the Great) in his home town, Suceava. He studied engineering at the Construction Institute in Bucharest and graduated with master’s degree in hydro-technique in 1959, working afterwards in planning, fieldwork and research. He has devoted himself to writing since 1974.

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Norman R. Pace
Norman Richard Pace, Jr. (born 1942) is an American biochemist, and is Distinguished Professor of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at the University of Colorado. He is principal investigator at the Pace lab.
He graduated from Indiana University with an A.B., and from the University of Illinois with a Ph.D. He taught at the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center, the University of Colorado Medical Center, Indiana University and the University of California, Berkeley. He has worked with the NASA Astrobiology Institute.

wn.com/Norman_R._Pace

Ofelia Zepeda
Ofelia Zepeda (born in Stanfield, Arizona, 1952) is a Tohono O'odham poet and intellectual.
Zepeda is a professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and is well known for her efforts in the preservation of her native language and promotion literacy in it. She is also known for her work as a consultant and advocate on behalf of a number of American indigenous languages. Her book A Papago Grammar is the standard textbook used to teach the Tohono O'odham language. She was a student of MIT linguistics professor Ken Hale.
In 1999, Zepeda received a MacArthur Fellowship. She is the Poet Laureate of Tucson, Arizona. For several years, she continues to serve as editor for numerous journals and book series. In 2012, her book was banned by Tucson schools.

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Olufunmilayo Olopade
Olufunmilayo I. Olopade (born 1957 Nigeria) is an hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor in Medicine and Human Genetics at the University of Chicago. She also serves as director of the University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.
She graduated from University of Ibadan, Nigeria, with a MD, in 1980. She has performed extensive clinical work surrounding the role of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the incidence of breast cancer in women of African descent. She a member of the American Association for Cancer Research, the American College of Physicians, and the Nigerian Medical Association and works closely with the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine.
She married Christopher Sola Olopade, also a physician at the University of Chicago, in 1983; they have two daughters, and one son.

wn.com/Olufunmilayo_Olopade

Ornette Coleman
Ornette Coleman (born March 19, 1930) is an American saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter and composer. He was one of the major innovators of the free jazz movement of the 1960s.
Coleman's timbre is easily recognized: his keening, crying sound draws heavily on blues music. His album Sound Grammar received the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for music.
Coleman was born and raised in Fort Worth, Texas, where he began performing R&B and bebop initially on tenor saxophone. Seeking a way to work his way out of his home town, he took a job in 1949 with a Silas Green from New Orleans traveling show and then with touring rhythm and blues shows. After a show in Baton Rouge, he was assaulted and his saxophone was destroyed.
He switched to alto, which has remained his primary instrument, first playing it in New Orleans after the Baton Rouge incident. He then joined the band of Pee Wee Crayton and travelled with them to Los Angeles. He worked at various jobs, including as an elevator operator, while still pursuing his musical career.

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Pam Solo
Pam Solo (born 1946) is an arms control analyst, and Founder and President of the Civil Society Institute.
She co-founded the Rocky Flats campaign. In 1978 she was co-director the national Nuclear Weapons Facilities Task Force. She was one of the founders and leaders of the national Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign. She signed a letter in support of eight Czechoslovak protestors who were arrested in 1989.
She was the campaign director for Pat Schroeder and managed Schroeder's Presidential exploratory campaign. She worked for the Armed Services Committee staff.
She was active in the Nuclear Weapons Freeze movement, and helped to found Freeze Voter. In 1992, she founded the Civil Society Institute.

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Pamela Matson
Pamela Anne Matson (born 1953) is an American scientist, professor, and dean of the Stanford University School of Earth Sciences. She previously worked at NASA and at the University of California Berkeley. Her professional titles at Stanford are Chester Naramore Dean of the School of Earth Sciences, and Richard and Rhoda Goldman Professor of Environmental Studies. Matson is a winner of the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship, also known as the "genius grant," and is considered to be a "pioneer in the field of environmental science." She was appointed to the “Einstein Professorship" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011.
Pamela Matson grew up in Wisconsin. She studied biology at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. After graduation Matson started a career that would center on environmental issues. She completed her M.S. from the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at the University of Indiana, her PhD in Forest Ecology from Oregon State University, and did postdoctoral research at the University of North Carolina.

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Pamela Samuelson
Pamela Samuelson is the Richard M. Sherman '74 Distinguished Professor of Law and Information Management at the University of California, Berkeley with a joint appointment in the UC Berkeley School of Information and Boalt Hall, the School of Law. She was appointed Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School for the Fall 2007 term. She is also Co-Director of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology.
Her principal area of study is intellectual property law. She has written and spoken about the challenges that new information technologies are posing for public policy and traditional legal regimes and is an advisor for the Samuelson Law, Technology and Public Policy Clinic, which she established in 2000 with her husband, Bob Glushko. She is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), a Contributing Editor of Communications of the ACM, a past Fellow of the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, an Honorary Professor of the University of Amsterdam and received the Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Award for Social Impact in 2005. She is a member of the Board of Directors of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and of the Open Source Applications Foundation, as well as a member of the Advisory Board for the Electronic Privacy Information Center.

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Patricia Churchland
Patricia Smith Churchland (born July 16, 1943) is a Canadian-American philosopher noted for her contributions to neurophilosophy and the philosophy of mind. She has been a Professor at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) since 1984. Since 1999 she has been UC President's Professor of Philosophy at UCSD, and has held an adjunct professorship at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies since 1989. Educated at the University of British Columbia, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Oxford, she taught philosophy at the University of Manitoba from 1969 to 1984 and is the wife of philosopher Paul Churchland.
Churchland was born Patricia Smith in Oliver, British Columbia,^{[citation needed]} and raised on a farm there in the South Okanagan valley. Both of her parents lacked a high-school education, her father and mother left school after grades 6 and 8 respectively. Her mother was a nurse and her father worked in newspaper publishing in addition to running the family farm. In spite of their limited education, Churchland has described her parents as interested in the sciences, and the worldview they instilled in her as a secular one. She has also described her parents as eager for her to attend college, and though many farmers in their community thought this "hilarious and a grotesque waste of money", they saw to it that she did so. She took her undergraduate degree at the University of British Columbia, graduating with honors in 1965. She received a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship to study at the University of Pittsburgh, where she took an M.A. in 1966. Thereafter she studied at Oxford University as a British Council and Canada Council Fellow, obtaining a B. Phil in 1969.

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Patricia Hampl
Patricia Hampl (born March 12, 1946) is an American memoirist, writer, lecturer, and educator. She is a recipient of the prestigious Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, teaches in the MFA program at the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis and is one of the founding members of the Loft Literary Center.
Hampl was born in St. Paul, Minnesota to Stanley and Mary Hampl. She attended the University of Minnesota where she earned her B.A. in 1968. Hampl earned her M.F.A. at the University of Iowa in 1970.
Hampl worked as an editor of the Minnesota Monthly from 1973 to 1975. She worked as freelance writer and editor from 1975 to 1979. Between 1979 and 1996, Hampl occupied the positions of visiting assistant professor, associate professor, and professor of English at the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis. Hampl has also served as an educator at other institutions such as Ball State University and West Virginia University. She also served as a faculty member for the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference 1995 and 1996. She is a contributing editor at The Alaska Quarterly Review. Since 2005, she has been a member of the permanent faculty of the Prague Summer Program, hosted by Prague's Charles University and Western Michigan University.

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Patricia J. Williams
Patricia J. Williams (born August 28, 1951) is an American legal scholar and a proponent of critical race theory, a school of legal thought that emphasizes race as a fundamental determinant of the American legal system.
Williams received her bachelor's degree from Wellesley College in 1972, and her Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1975. She worked as a consumer advocate in the office of the City Attorney in Los Angeles, was a fellow in the School of Criticism and Theory at Dartmouth College and served as associate professor at the University of Wisconsin Law School and its department of women's studies. She is currently the James L. Dohr Professor of Law at Columbia University where she has taught since 1991.
Williams is a member of the State Bar of California and the Bar of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Williams has served on the advisory council for the Medgar Evers College for Law and Social Justice of the City University of New York, the board of trustees of Wellesley College, and on the board of governors for the Society of American Law Teachers, among others.

wn.com/Patricia_J._Williams

Patricia Locke
Patricia A. Locke (Tawacin WasteWin) (January 21, 1928 – October 20, 2001) was an American Indian educator.
Born on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Locke was a Standing Rock Sioux, Hunkpapa band also known as Lakota, and Mississippi Band of White Earth Chippewa. She was the daughter of John and Eva (Flying Earth) McGillis; they lived for a time in Parker, Arizona. Her father worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1951. She taught at University of California, Los Angeles, San Francisco State University, Alaska Methodist University, the University of Colorado, and the University of Southern Maine, to name a few.
She was appointed to the Interior Department Task Force on Indian Education Policy. She worked for the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. She also helped 17 tribes to establish Indian colleges.
She was married Charles E. Locke from 1952 to 1975; their son is Kevin Locke, and daughter is Winona Flying Earth. She lived on the Standing Rock Reservation and was a Bahá'í for the last 10 years of her life and was later elected to the Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly of the United States. Locke died in Phoenix, Arizona. Her oral history is held at the Library of Congress. She was named posthumously to the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls (village), New York.

wn.com/Patricia_Locke

Patricia Wright
Patricia Chapple Wright, PhD is an accomplished American primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist. Considered to be one of the world's foremost expert on lemurs, Wright is best known for her 26-year study of social and family interactions of wild lemurs in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. She is the founder of the Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments (ICTE) and Centre ValBio (CVB). Wright has worked extensively on conservation. In the late 1980s she spearheaded an integrated conservation and development project that, in 1991, led to the establishment of Ranomafana National Park.
Patricia Wright was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, on September 10, 1944 to Julia Delores, a school librarian and Hugh Edward Chapple, a foundry supervisor. She was raised in Lyndonville, New York, and has five siblings.
Wright obtained a Bachelor's degree in Biology in 1966 from Hood College. Her first job was in Boston at Harvard Medical School as a lab technician. Next, she worked for the Department of Social Services as a caseworker in New York City, quitting her job to be a mother and housewife. In the 1960s she bought an owl monkey from a New York pet store in the village. To learn more about their father care system, she and her family traveled to Peru to see the owl monkeys in their native habitat. Her enthusiasm sent her back to school to become a primatologist. She later went on to obtain her Ph.D. in Anthropology from City University of New York in 1985 under the direction of Dr. Warren Kinzey.

wn.com/Patricia_Wright

Patrick Noonan
Patrick F. Noonan (born 1943) is an American conservationist, and was president of The Nature Conservancy, from 1973 to 1980, and the Conservation Fund.
He graduated from Gettysburg College with BS Business Administration, (1965), from American University with an MBA, and from Catholic University of America, with a MS in City and Regional Planning. He has served on three Presidential Commissions: the Commission on Americans Outdoors; Commission on Environmental Quality; and the Commission on White House Fellows. He currently serves on the Board of Advisors of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
He had a daughter, Karen Elizabeth Noonan (December 26, 1967 - December 21, 1988 Lockerbie, Pan Am Flight 103).

wn.com/Patrick_Noonan

Paul Berman
Paul Berman is a leading writer on politics and literature whose articles and reviews have appeared in numerous publications, and whose books on major currents in public life have made a significant impact on informed opinion over many years. Commentators liken his cosmopolitan style to that of the so-called New York Intellectuals of the mid-twentieth century, whose conversation-shaping essays on big topics came out in the little magazines of the day.
His books -- published in fifteen languages -- include Terror and Liberalism (a New York Times best-seller in 2003), The Flight of the Intellectuals, A Tale of Two Utopias, Power and the Idealists, and an illustrated children’s book, Make-Believe Empire. He edited, among other anthologies, Carl Sandburg: Selected Poems, for the American Poets Project of the Library of America.
Berman attended Columbia University, receiving an M.A. in American history in 1973. He is a contributing editor of The New Republic and a member of the editorial board of Dissent. He has been awarded fellowships from the MacArthur and Guggenheim foundations and from the Cullman Center for Scholars & Writers at the New York Public Library. He was a Regents’ Lecturer at the University of California, Irvine, and a Distinguished Writer in Residence at New York University.[3]

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Paul Ginsparg
Paul Ginsparg (born 1955) is a physicist widely known for his development of the ArXiv.org e-print archive and for contributions to theoretical physics.
He is a graduate of Syosset High School, Syosset, New York. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA in physics, and from Cornell University with a PhD in theoretical particle physics. He was a junior fellow and taught in the physics department at Harvard University until 1990. The pre-print archive was developed while he was a member of staff of Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1990–2001. Since 2001, Ginsparg has been a professor of Physics and Computing & Information Science at Cornell University.
He has published physics papers in the areas of quantum field theory, string theory, conformal field theory, and quantum gravity. He often comments on the changing world of physics in the Information Age.
He has been awarded the P.A.M. (physics astronomy math) Award from the Special Libraries Association, named a Lingua Franca "Tech 20", elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2002, received the Council of Science Editors Award for Meritorious Achievement, and received the Paul Evans Peters Award from Educause, ARL, and CNI. He was a Radcliffe Institute Fellow in 2008–2009.

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Paul R. Ehrlich
Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born 29 May 1932) is an American biologist and educator who is the Bing Professor of Population Studies in the department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University and president of Stanford's Center for Conservation Biology. By training he is an entomologist specializing in Lepidoptera (butterflies), but he also a prominent ecologist and demographer. Ehrlich is best known for his dire warnings about population growth and limited resources. Ehrlich became well-known after publication of his controversial 1968 book The Population Bomb. In the years since many of Ehrlich's predictions have proven incorrect, but he stands by his general thesis that the human population is too large and is a direct threat to human survival and the environment of the planet. He is also known for the famous Simon–Ehrlich wager, a bet about the trend of prices for certain metals that he made in 1980 with, and lost to, economist Julian Simon.
Ehrlich was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was a shirt salesman, his mother a Greek and Latin scholar. He earned a bachelors degree in zoology from the University of Pennsylvania in 1953, an M.A. at the University of Kansas in 1955, and a Ph.D. in 1957 at the University of Kansas, supervised by the prominent bee researcher C.D. Michener. During his studies he participated in surveys of insects on the Bering Sea and in the Canadian Arctic, and then with a National Institutes of Health fellowship, investigated the genetics and behavior of parasitic mites. In 1959 he joined the faculty at Stanford, being promoted to professor of biology in 1966. He was named to the Bing Professorship in 1977, and he is president of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University. Additionally, Ehrlich is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

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Paul Roldan
Hipolito (Paul) Roldan, (born 1944 New York) is an affordable housing developer in Chicago.
In 2001, he participated in a comprehensive community planning effort to manage development in Humboldt Park, Chicago, on the city’s west side. The HHDC, along with two other housing development corporations—Latin United Community Housing Development (LUCHA) and Bickerdike Redevelopment Corp., received city funding and support to develop significant affordable housing programs.
In 2005, the organization was ranked fifth among the nation’s Latino nonprofits, by Hispanic Business magazine.
He is a ULI inner-city adviser and national trustee. He serves on many committees and boards, including Boston’s Housing Partnership Network, and the National Puerto Rican Coalition. He was a participant in President Bill Clinton’s economic conferences held in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1992 and Columbus, Ohio, in 1995.

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Paul Rothemund
Paul W.K. Rothemund is a senior research fellow at the Computation and Neural Systems department at Caltech. He has become known in the fields of DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology for his pioneering work with DNA origami. Rothemund is a 2007 recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship.
Rothemund graduated from Laconia High School, New Hampshire, in 1990. He was the team captain of the championship Laconia team for the television quiz show Granite State Challenge. After graduating, Rothemund studied as an undergraduate at Caltech from 1990–1994, where he was a resident of Ricketts House.
As a research fellow at Caltech, Rothemund has developed a technique to manipulate and fold strands of DNA known as DNA origami. Eventually, Rothemund hopes this technology could be used to create microscopic organisms with multiple purposes.^{[citation needed]} His work on large-scale sculptures of his DNA origami was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from February 24 to May 12, 2008.

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Paul Wennberg
Paul Wennberg is an atmospheric scientist at Caltech. His research focuses on measurements of atmospheric trace gases towards accurately describing the exchange of carbon dioxide and other gases between the atmosphere and the land and ocean. He is a founding member of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory and leads the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON)
He is a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation grant in 2002.

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Paule Marshall
Paule Marshall (born April 9, 1929) is an American author. She was born Valenza Pauline Burke in Brooklyn to Barbadian parents and educated at Girls High School, Brooklyn College (1953) and Hunter College (1955). Early in her career, she wrote poetry, but later returned to prose. She was chosen by Langston Hughes to accompany him on a world tour in which they both read their work, which was a boon to her career.^{[citation needed]}
Marshall has taught at Virginia Commonwealth University, the University of California, Berkeley, the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and Yale University before holding the Helen Gould Sheppard Chair of Literature and Culture at New York University. In 1993 she received an honorary L.H.D. from Bates College. She lives in Richmond, Va.
She is a MacArthur Fellow and is a past winner of the Dos Passos Prize for Literature. She was designated as a Literary Lion by the New York Public Library in 1994.
Marshall was inducted into the Celebrity Path at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden in 2001.

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Pedro A. Sanchez
Pedro Sanchez (born 1940) is the Director of the Tropical Agriculture and the Rural Environment Program, Senior Research Scholar, and Director of the Millennium Villages Project at the Earth Institute at Columbia University. Sanchez was Director General of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya from 1991-2001, and served as Co-chair of the UN Millennium Project Hunger Task Force. He is also Professor Emeritus of Soil Science and Forestry at North Carolina State University, and was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
A native of Cuba, Sanchez received his BS, MS and PhD degrees in soil science from Cornell University, and joined the faculty of North Carolina State University in 1968. His professional career has been dedicated to help eliminate world hunger and absolute rural poverty while protecting and enhancing the tropical environment. Sanchez has lived in the Philippines (working at the International Rice Research Institute), Peru (working at the Peruvian National Research Institute), Colombia (working at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture) and Kenya. He is the author of “Properties and Management of Soils of the Tropics” (rated among the top 10 best-selling books in soil science worldwide), co-author of “Halving Hunger: It can be done” and author of over 250 scientific publications.

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Pedro Greer
Dr. Pedro José Greer, Jr. (born June 15, 1956 in Miami, Florida) is an American physician. He is Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs and Chair of the Department of Humanities, Health and Society at the Florida International University School of Medicine. He is founder of the Camillus Health Concern, a Catholic charity sponsored by the Little Brothers of the Good Shepherd, which delivers health services to thousands of homeless people in Miami-Dade County, and the St. John Bosco Clinic, which serves disadvantaged people in Little Havana. He was awarded a MacArthur "genius grant" in 1993 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. He has been a board member of the American charity for the homeless, Comic Relief.
Born to parents who emigrated from Cuba, Greer graduated from the Christopher Columbus High School then from the University of Florida with a BS in chemistry in 1978 and earned his MD in 1984 from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra. He specialized in gastroenterology and hepatology during his residency at Jackson Memorial Hospital. His 1999 autobiography is Waking Up in America: How One Doctor Brings Hope to Those Who Need It Most. He has a joint practice with his father, Dr. Pedro Greer, Sr.

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Pehr Harbury
Pehr A. B. Harbury (born 1965) is an American biochemist, and Associate Professor of Biochemistry at Stanford University.
He is a native of Menlo Park. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from Harvard Medical School, with a Ph.D. in Biological Chemistry in 1994.

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Pepon Osorio
Pepón Osorio (born 1955 Santurce, Puerto Rico) is a Latino artist. He was educated at the Universidad Inter-Americana, Puerto Rico, Lehman College, and graduated from Columbia University with an MA in 1985.
His work is held by the Walker Arts Center, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Whitney Museum of American Art, El Museo del Barrio, el Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico, and El Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico.
He shows at Ronald Feldman Gallery. He lives in Philadelphia.

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Persi Diaconis
Persi Warren Diaconis (born January 31, 1945) is an American mathematician and former professional magician. He is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University. He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving randomness and randomization, such as coin flipping and shuffling playing cards.
Professor Diaconis received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982, and in 1992 published (with Dave Bayer) a paper entitled "Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to Its Lair" (a term coined by magician Charles Jordan in the early 1900s) which established rigorous results on how many times a deck of playing cards must be riffle shuffled before it can be considered random according to the mathematical measure total variation distance. Diaconis is often cited for the simplified proposition that it takes seven shuffles to randomize a deck. More precisely, Diaconis showed that it takes 5 shuffles before the total variation distance of a 52-card deck begins to drop significantly from the maximum value of 1.0, and 7 shuffles before it drops below 0.5 very quickly (a threshold phenomenon), after which it is reduced by a factor of 2 every shuffle. Interestingly, when entropy is viewed as the probabilistic distance, riffle shuffling seems to take less time to mix, and the threshold phenomenon goes away (because the entropy function is subadditive.).

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Peter Cole
Peter Cole (b. 1957) is an American Jewish poet who lives in Jerusalem and New Haven.
Cole was born in 1957 in Paterson, New Jersey. He attended Williams College and Hampshire College, and moved to Jerusalem in 1981.
Cole's first book of poems, Rift, was published in 1989, and Hymns & Qualms in 1998. The two volumes were reissued in the UK as What is Doubled: Poems 1981-1988. Things on Which I've Stumbled was published in the fall of 2008.
Cole’s work as both a poet and a translator reflects a sustained engagement with the cultures of Judaism and especially of the Middle East. He is, Eliot Weinberger has written “an urban poet whose city is Jerusalem; a classicist whose Antiquity is medieval Hebrew; a sensualist whose objects of delight are Mediterranean; an avant-gardist whose forms are the meditation, the song, the jeremiad, the proverb.” The American Poet noted that “prosodic mastery fuses with a keen moral intelligence” in Cole’s work, which the reviewer says is distinctive for its unfashionable engagement with wisdom and beauty. Other reviewers have noted the “politically charged” nature of the verse, and Harold Bloom has observed that “with Things on Which I’ve Stumbled [Cole] matures into one of the handful of authentic poets in his own generation.”

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Peter E. Kenmore
Peter E. Kenmore is an American agricultural entomologist at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

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Peter Galison
Peter Louis Galison (born 1955) is the Pellegrino University Professor in History of Science and Physics at Harvard University. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in both Physics and the History of Science in 1983. His publications include Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics (1997) and Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré's Maps: Empires of Time. His most recent book (2007), co-authored with Lorraine Daston, is titled Objectivity.
Before moving to Harvard, Galison taught for several years at Stanford University where he was professor of History, Philosophy, and Physics. He is considered part of the Stanford School of philosophy of science along with Ian Hacking, John Dupré, and Nancy Cartwright.
Galison developed a film for the History Channel on the development of the hydrogen bomb, and has done work on the intersection of science with other disciplines, in particular art (along with his wife, Caroline A. Jones) and architecture. He is on the editorial board of Critical Inquiry and was a MacArthur Fellow in 1996.

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Peter Hessler
Peter Hessler (b. June 14, 1969) is an American writer and journalist. He is the author of three acclaimed books about China and has contributed numerous articles to The New Yorker and National Geographic, among other publications. In 2011, Hessler received a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant" in recognition and encouragement of his "keenly observed accounts of ordinary people responding to the complexities of life in such rapidly changing societies as Reform Era China."
Peter Hessler grew up in Columbia, Missouri and graduated from Hickman High School in 1988. He went on to study English and creative writing at Princeton University, where, during his junior year, he took John McPhee's renowned writing seminar, which Hessler describes as a "revelation." Hessler graduated in 1992 and won a Rhodes Scholarship to study English language and literature at the University of Oxford.
The summer before graduating from Princeton, Hessler worked as a researcher for the Kellogg Foundation in southeastern Missouri. He wrote an extensive ethnography about a small town called Sikeston, which was published in the Journal for Applied Anthropology.

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Peter Huybers
Peter Huybers (born 1974) is an American climate scientist, and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.
Peter Huybers received a B.S. in physics in 1996 from the United States Military Academy at West Point, and a Ph.D. in climate chemistry and physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004. He was a NOAA Postdoctoral Fellow in Climate and Global Change in the Geology and Geophysics Department at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 2004-2006.
Huybers has multiple research interests related to climate science. First, Huybers is investigating the long-term climate cycles. He has advanced the hypothesis that a 41,000 year period of change connected to the Earth's tilt on its axis is dominant during the past 800,000 years, and that every second or third of these cycles produce a major deglaciation event. This deglaciation also appears to trigger changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, perhaps in part coming from radically increased volcanic activity during deglaciation. Second, he is studying annual temperature variations. Finally, Huybers is developing models to estimate historic temperatures based on the limited evidence available to us.

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Peter J. Bickel
Peter John Bickel (born 1940 in Romania) is an American statistician, Professor of Statistics in University of California, Berkeley, who is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences. He is past President of the Bernoulli Society and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
He studied physics at the California Institute of Technology. He graduated from University of California, Berkeley, with a Ph.D., in 1963, where he studied with Erich Leo Lehmann.
As a scientist and an educator, he has supervised and mentored many students and young researchers, many of whom later become leading figures in the fields of statistics and economics. These includes C.F. Jeff Wu, Jianqing Fan, Mark van der Laan, Donald Andrews, etc.
He married Nancy Kramer in 1964; they had children Stephen and Amanda.

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Peter J. Hayes
Peter John Hayes (born Melbourne) is the Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability.
He graduated from the University of Melbourne with a degree in History, and from University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in energy and resources. He is Professor of International Relations, RMIT University.
Nautilus’ Pegasus Program gives at-risk youth activities about sailing, oceanography, and teamwork on the 45-foot Pegasus research vessel. The Institute runs an information service in Pyongyang.

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Peter Jeffery
Peter Jeffery is an American musicologist.
He graduated from the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music and Art, and the Performing Arts, in New York City, and from Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in Music History in 1980.
He taught at Harvard University, the University of Delaware, and Princeton University, and is currently a professor at the University of Notre Dame.

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Peter Pronovost
Peter J. Pronovost is an intensive care specialist physician at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He is a Professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Surgery, Professor of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and is Medical Director for the Center for Innovation in Quality Patient Care.
He introduced an intensive care checklist protocol that during an 18-month period saved 1500 lives and $100 million in the State of Michigan. According to Atul Gawande in The New Yorker, Pronovost's "work has already saved more lives than that of any laboratory scientist in the past decade".
In 2008 Time named Pronovost one of the 100 most influential people in the world; that same year, Pronovost was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship, otherwise known as a "genius grant".
Pronovost's book Safe patients, smart hospitals: how one doctor's checklist can help us change health care from the inside out was released in February 2010.

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Peter Raven
Peter Hamilton Raven (born June 13, 1936) is a botanist and environmentalist, notable as the longtime director, now President Emeritus, of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
On June 13, 1936, Raven was born in Shanghai, China to American parents. An uncle of his father's was, for a time, one of the wealthiest Americans in China, but was later jailed in a banking scandal. That incident and Japanese aggression in China led the Raven family to return to San Francisco, CA in the late 1930s.
After becoming a member of the California Academy of Sciences while still a youth, Raven went on to graduate with a BS from the University of California, Berkeley in 1957 and a Ph.D. in botany from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1960.
After teaching at Stanford University, Raven went on to become Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden in 1971, a position he continues to hold. Raven now teaches at Washington University in St. Louis as the Engelmann Professor of Botany. In 2006, his position was renamed President and Director. Raven recently announced his plans to retire in 2011, to coincide with his 75th birthday and his 40th year at the Garden.

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Peter Sellars
Peter Sellars (born September 27, 1957) is an American theatre director, noted for his unique contemporary stagings of classical and contemporary operas and plays. Sellars is professor of World Arts and Cultures at UCLA, where he teaches Art as Social Action and Art as Moral Action.
Sellars was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and attended Phillips Academy and, subsequently, Harvard University, graduating in 1981. As an undergraduate, he performed a puppet version of Wagner's Ring cycle, and directed a minimalist production of Three Sisters, with mature birch trees on the stage apron at Loeb Drama Center and Chopin Nocturnes played on a concert grand piano seen through a suspended gauze box set.
Sellars's production of Antony and Cleopatra in the swimming pool of Harvard's Adams House brought press attention well beyond campus, as did the subsequent techno-industrial production of King Lear, which included a Lincoln Continental on stage and ambient musical moods by the Steel Cello Ensemble. In his senior year, he staged a production of Nikolai Gogol's The Inspector-General at the American Repertory Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Peter Shor
Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American professor of applied mathematics at MIT, most famous for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer.
While attending Tamalpais High School, in Mill Valley, California, he placed third in the 1977 USA Mathematical Olympiad. After graduating that year, he won a silver medal at the International Math Olympiad in Yugoslavia (the U.S. team achieved the most points per country that year). He received his B.S. in Mathematics in 1981 for undergraduate work at Caltech, and was a Putnam Fellow in 1978. He earned his Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from MIT in 1985. His doctoral advisor was Tom Leighton, and his thesis was on probabilistic analysis of bin-packing algorithms.
After graduating, he spent one year in a post-doctoral position at the University of California at Berkeley, and then accepted a position at Bell Laboratories. It was there he developed Shor's algorithm, for which he was awarded the Rolf Nevanlinna Prize at the 23rd International Congress of Mathematicians in 1998. Shor always refers to Shor's Algorithm as "the Factoring Algorithm."

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Peter Sis
Peter Sís (born 1950 in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is an award-winning children's book writer and illustrator. Sís attended the Academy of Applied Arts in Prague and the Royal College of Art in London. In addition to writing and illustrating books, Peter's editorial illustrations have appeared in Time, Newsweek, Esquire, and The Atlantic Monthly.
Peter Sís was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia in 1949. His father was a film-maker and his mother was an artist, and he has a younger sister, Hana. As a teenager, Sís developed an interest in Western culture, Allen Ginsberg’s beat poetry, long hair for men, blue jeans and rock and roll, particularly the music of The Beatles, The Beach Boys and The Rolling Stones. Sís was educated at The High School of Applied Arts, the Academy of Applied Arts in Prague and the Royal College of Art in London, where he studied with Quentin Blake. When he graduated, he began a career as a film-maker, later winning a Golden Bear Award for an animated short, Hlavy, at the 1980 West Berlin Film Festival.

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Philip James DeVries
Philip James DeVries PhD (born March 7, 1952) is a tropical biologist whose research focuses on insect ecology and evolution, especially butterflies. His best-known work includes symbioses between caterpillars, ants and plants, and community level biodiversity of rainforest butterflies.
Phil DeVries was born in Detroit, Michigan, son of Henry William DeVries and Helen Mary DeVries (née Brnabic). His early interest in Biology was nourished by close contact with nature during his childhood in rural Michigan. As an undergraduate student at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, DeVries was mentored in botany by professor Warren H. Wagner Jr., known among colleagues as “Herb”. In 1975 DeVries received a Bachelor’s degree from the School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, with emphasis in botany. His early exposure to systematic botany continued to be useful in his career.
From 1975 to 1980, DeVries was a curator of Lepidoptera at the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica as a Peace Corps volunteer where he built the country’s first major butterfly collection. DeVries traveled widely in Costa Rica, collecting and making observations on butterflies. This eventually provided a large body of information that formed the basis for his two volumes entitled "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History" (vol. 1 and 2). In Costa Rica he interacted with many field biologists, including, among others, Daniel Janzen, Stephen Hubbell, Gary Stiles, Luis Diego Gomez, Isidro A. Chacón, Gordon B. Small, Alwyn H. Gentry, Robin Foster, Lawrence E. Gilbert, Michael C. Singer, Paul R. Ehrlich, and Russell Lande.

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Philip Treisman
Philip Uri Treisman is an American mathematician, and mathematics educator. He is currently the Director of the Charles A. Dana Center, and Professor of Mathematics at The University of Texas at Austin. He is credited with pioneering the Emerging Scholars Program (ESP), aimed at helping students from underprivileged backgrounds excel in calculus and other courses in science. The program was first implemented at the University of California, Berkeley and has now disseminated throughout college campuses across the United States. His efforts to improve American education have been recognized by Newsweek, The Harvard Foundation and The MacArthur Foundation, among other publications and societies.
He is graduate from University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in 1985.

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Rackstraw Downes
Rackstraw Downes (born 1939) is a British-born realist painter and author. His oil paintings are notable for their meticulous detail accumulated during months of plein-air sessions, depictions of industry and the environment, and elongated compositions with complex perspective.
Born Rodney Harry Rackstraw Downes in Pembury, Kent, England, he moved to the United States and studied painting as an exchange student at the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut from 1957-58. He then returned to England and attended Cambridge University, where he received a B.A. in English literature. Back in the United States, he studied at the Yale School of Art with Neil Welliver, Al Held and Alex Katz, and received an M.F.A. in painting in 1964. Originally an abstract painter, in 1966 Downes changed course and began working in the realist, plein-air style he is known for.
His friendship with Welliver led to the purchase of a farm in Maine in 1964, where he began drawing the landscape, thus changing direction from the non-representational manner of his student work. In 1965 Downes moved to New York City. Over the next several years he taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Parsons School of Design, and later, at the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture.

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Ralf Hotchkiss
Ralf Hotchkiss is an inventor and Whirlwind wheelchair designer whose company, Whirlwind Wheelchair International, designs wheelchairs for use and manufacture in developing countries, involving wheelchair riders in all of its projects and activities. The organization's mission is "to make it possible for every person in the developing world who needs a wheelchair to obtain one that will lead to maximum personal independence and integration into society." Himself a paraplegic, Hotchkiss is a graduate of Oberlin College.
Hotchkiss published the design of his appropriate technology wheelchair along with a collection of information designed to guide the start of a small business to manufacture the design. The 1985 book, "Independence through Mobility: a Guide Through the Manufacture of the ATI-Hotchkiss Wheelchair," now available in PDF form through the Center for International Rehabilitation, is an early example of open design or open source hardware.
His staff biography at Whirlwind states that:

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Ralph Manheim
Ralph Frederick Manheim (4 April 1907, New York – 26 September 1992, Cambridge, England) was an American translator of German and French literature, as well as occasional works from Dutch, Polish and Hungarian. He likened translation to acting, the role being "to impersonate his author".
Manheim lived for a year in Germany and Austria as an adolescent, graduated from Harvard at the age of nineteen, and spent time in Munich and Vienna (studying at the universities) before the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. He also undertook post-graduate study at Yale and Columbia Universities. His career as a translator began with Hitler's Mein Kampf, commissioned by Houghton Mifflin and published in 1943. Manheim endeavored to give an exact English equivalent of Hitler's highly individual, often awkward style, including his grammatical errors.
Manheim translated the works of Bertolt Brecht (in collaboration with John Willett), Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Günter Grass, Peter Handke, philosopher Martin Heidegger, Hermann Hesse, Novalis, and many others. His translation of Henry Corbin's work Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn 'Arabi could be considered a major contribution towards the understanding of Ibn Arabi's and Sufi philosophy in the English-speaking world.

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Ralph Shapey
Ralph Shapey (Philadelphia, March 12, 1921 – Chicago, June 13, 2002) was an American composer and conductor. He is well-known for his work as a composition professor at the University of Chicago, where he founded and directed the Contemporary Chamber Players. Shapey was a MacArthur Fellow in 1982.
Although Shapey's style is characterized by Modernist angularity, irony, and technical rigor, his coincident concern for sweeping gesture, frenetic passion, rhythmic vitality, lyrical melody, and dramatic arc recall Romanticism. Shapey was dubbed by critics Leonard Meyer and Bernard Jacobson as a "radical traditionalist," which pleased him immensely—he held a deep respect for the masters of the past, whom he regarded as his finest teachers.^{[citation needed]}
The French-American composer Edgard Varèse was among Shapey's most important influences. Both composers shared a fascination with unusual sonorities, counterpoint masses, and the outer extremes of pitch space. The coordination of static "sound blocks" in Shapey's music also reminds one of another great French composer, Olivier Messiaen, though Shapey reportedly found Messiaen's music saccharine and maudlin. Shapey also studied with Stefan Wolpe.^{[citation needed]}

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Ramón A. Gutiérrez
Ramón Arturo Gutiérrez is an American historian.
He graduated from University of Wisconsin–Madison, with a Ph.D. He taught at the University of California, San Diego. He teaches at the University of Chicago.

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Ran Blake
Ran Blake (born April 20, 1935) is an American pianist and composer from Springfield, Massachusetts. In a career that spans five decades, Blake has created a unique niche in improvised music as an artist and educator. With a characteristic mix of spontaneous solos, modern classical tonalities, the great American blues and gospel traditions, and themes from classic film noir, Blake's singular sound has earned a dedicated following all over the world. His dual musical legacy includes more than 30 albums, as well as nearly 40 years as a groundbreaking educator at Boston’s New England Conservatory.
Blake first discovered the dark, image-laden and complex character-driven films that would so influence his music at age 12 when he saw Robert Siodmak’s The Spiral Staircase. "There were post-World War II musical nuances that if occasionally banal and as clichéd as yesterday’s soap operas, were often so eerie, haunting and unforgettable," Blake would later write. "After more than 18 viewings in 20 days, plots, scenes, and melodic and harmonic surfaces intermingled, obtruding into my day life as well as my dreams."

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Randall W. Forsberg
Dr. Randall Caroline Forsberg (July 23, 1943 – October 19, 2007) led a lifetime of research and advocacy on ways to reduce the risk of war, minimize the burden of military spending, and promote democratic institutions. Her career started at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in 1968. In 1974 she moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts (where she earned her Ph.D. in 1980) to found the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies as well as to launch the national Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign.
Talks at West Point, the US Air Force Academy, the National Defense University, and the German War College; and met with senior government officials of Russia, China, Germany, Norway, and other countries. She was on the board or advisory board of the Boston Review, Arms Control Association, Journal of Peace Research, University of California Institute for Global Cooperation and Conflict, and Women's Action for New Directions from ____ until her death in 2007.
http://bostonreview.net/BR27.5/forsberg.html

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Raphael Carl Lee
Raphael Carl Lee (born October 29, 1949 Sumter, South Carolina) is an American surgeon, medical researcher, biomedical engineer, and entrepreneur.
Lee spent his childhood and adolescence in South Carolina. During medical school and graduate school he lived in Philadelphia, Chicago and Boston. Today, he practices reconstructive plastic surgery at the University of Chicago. Mostly his research has focused on advancing the care of trauma victims. Lee is recognized for the application of multiblock copolymer surfactants to mimic behavior of natural chaperone proteins to augment the body's self-repair capability following major injury. He has also contributed to understanding the biophysical mechanisms of tissue injury in victims of electrical shock.
He holds the: Paul S. and Ailene T. Professorship in Surgery, Medicine, Organismal Biology & Anatomy, and Molecular Medicine at the University of Chicago.
He graduated from the University of South Carolina, in electrical engineering in 1971, and Temple University School of Medicine and Drexel University with M.D. and M.S. degrees in 1975. He was a resident in surgery at the University of Chicago Hospitals in 1975 to 1981 and at the Massachusetts General Hospital 1981 to 1983. While a resident at the University of Chicago, he enrolled in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology doctoral program. He received a Sc.D. in bioelectrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979.

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Raymond Jeanloz
Raymond Jeanloz is a professor of earth and planetary science and of astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley. Educated at the California Institute of Technology, Amherst College and at Deep Springs College, he has contributed research fundamental to understanding of the composition of the Earth and the behavior of materials under high temperatures and pressures. He is working with colleagues to investigate the conditions inside supergiant exoplanets. Jeanloz is also a prominent figure in nuclear weapons policy, chairing the Committee on International Security and Arms Control at the National Academy of Sciences.

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Rebecca Goldstein
Rebecca Goldstein (born February 23, 1950) is an American novelist and professor of philosophy. She has written five novels, a number of short stories and essays, and biographical studies of mathematician Kurt Gödel and philosopher Baruch Spinoza.
Goldstein, born Rebecca Newberger, grew up in White Plains, New York, and did her undergraduate work at Barnard College. She was born into an Orthodox Jewish family. She has one older brother who is an Orthodox Rabbi, and she also has a younger sister. After earning her Ph.D. from Princeton University, she returned to Barnard to teach courses in various philosophical studies. There she published her first novel, The Mind-Body Problem (1983), a serio-comic tale of the conflict between emotion and intelligence, combined with an examination of Jewish tradition and identity. Goldstein said she wrote the book to "...insert 'real life' intimately into the intellectual struggle. In short I wanted to write a philosophically motivated novel."
Her second novel, The Late-Summer Passion of a Woman of Mind (1989), was also set in academia, though with a far darker tone. Her third novel, The Dark Sister (1993), was something of a departure: a postmodern fictionalization of family and professional issues in the life of William James. Mazel followed in 1995. Properties of Light (2000) is a ghost story about love, betrayal, and quantum physics. Her latest novel is 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction (2010). Goldstein has published a collection of short stories, Strange Attractors (1993), that also treated "interactions of thought and feeling," to quote the cover jacket.

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Rebecca J. Nelson
Rebecca Nelson (born c. 1961), B.A. Swarthmore College, 1982, Ph.D. University of Washington, 1988 (Zoology). Associate Professor of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and International Agriculture at Cornell University. She is also Program Director for The McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program. Her current research concerns resistance to diseases of cereal crops (especially maize) in Africa. From 1997 until 2001 she led the late blight program at the International Potato Center in Peru. She appeared in the KCTS public television documentary, Hot Potatoes, originally broadcast November 12, 2001.
She was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 1998 [1] for her work in combating rice diseases and potato blight.
Nelson's parents were researchers at the National Institutes of Health. She is married to NPR reporter Jonathan Miller and has two children, William and Benjamin.

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Rebecca J. Scott
Rebecca Jarvis Scott is an American historian, and Charles Gibson Distinguished University Professor of History and Professor of Law, at University of Michigan.
She graduated from Radcliffe College with an A.B., from the London School of Economics with an M. Phil in economic history, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D.. In 1987, she co-founded the Postemancipation Societies Project. She is co-director of the Law in Slavery and Freedom project.

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Rebecca Onie
Rebecca Onie (born 1977) is co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Health Leads.
In 1996, during her sophomore year at Harvard College, Rebecca Onie founded Health Leads (formerly Project HEALTH) with Dr. Barry Zuckerman, Chair of Pediatrics at Boston Medical Center. As Executive Director of Health Leads, Rebecca oversaw the organization's growth to Providence and New York City.
After attending Harvard Law School, where she served as an editor of the Harvard Law Review and research assistant for Professors Laurence Tribe and Lani Guinier, Rebecca clerked for the Honorable Diane P. Wood of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. She was also an associate at Miner, Barnhill & Galland P.C., a boutique law firm in Chicago, where she represented civil rights plaintiffs, health centers, affordable housing developers, and nonprofits.
During this time, Rebecca served as founding Co-Chair of Health Leads' Board of Directors. She returned to Health Leads as CEO in February 2006.
In 2009, she was honored to receive a MacArthur Fellowship, for “individuals who have shown extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction.” Most recently, O! Magazine named her to its 2010 Power List of twenty women who are “changing the world for the better.”

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Regina Benjamin
Vice Admiral Regina Marcia Benjamin, USPHS, (born October 26, 1956, in Mobile, Alabama,) is an American physician who serves as the 18th Surgeon General of the United States. Dr. Benjamin previously directed a nonprofit primary care medical clinic in Bayou La Batre, Alabama and served on the Board of Trustees for the Morehouse School of Medicine.
Dr. Benjamin graduated from Fairhope High School in Fairhope, Alabama, and then attended college at Xavier University of Louisiana in New Orleans where she was initiated into the Gamma Alpha Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She is also a member of the second graduating class of Morehouse School of Medicine. She received her M.D. degree from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and completed her residency in family practice at the Medical Center of Central Georgia. About her experience as the first member of her family to attend medical school, she has stated "I had never seen a black doctor before I went to college." After entering solo medical practice in Bayou La Batre, Benjamin worked for several years in emergency rooms and nursing homes to financially support its mission. After receiving an MBA from the Freeman School of Business at Tulane University, she converted her office to a rural health clinic.

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Regina Carter
Regina Carter (born August 6, 1966, Detroit, Michigan) is an American jazz violinist. She is the cousin of famous jazz saxophonist James Carter.
Carter does not like to reveal her age, but she is believed to be born on August 6, 1963, and some sources say 1966. She was born to Dan Carter, a Ford Motor Company employee, and Grace Williamson Carter, who was a kindergarten teacher. She has two older brothers, Danny and Reginald.
She began piano lessons at the age of two after playing a melody by ear for her brother's piano teacher. After she deliberately played the wrong ending note at a concert, the piano teacher suggested she take up the violin. She suggested that the Suzuki Method was more conducive to her creativity. Carter's mother enrolled her at the Detroit Community Music School when she was four years old and she began studying the violin. She still studied the piano, as well as tap and ballet.
As a teenager, she played in the youth division of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. While at school, she was able to take master classes from Itzhak Perlman and Yehudi Menuhin.

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Reginald Robinson
Reginald R. Robinson (born October 19, 1972) is a noted composer and performer of ragtime music. In 2004, he received a MacArthur Genius Grant. He was raised by working class parents in Chicago, for many years living in the Henry Horner Homes, a South Side housing project. He has absolute pitch.
Reginald Robinson's interest in older music started at home in 1984 with his older brother Marlando playing music on the guitar and listening to big band jazz recordings on chuck schaden's old time radio classics. Robinson's love for ragtime music came In 1986, when he was in seventh grade. Composer/trumpeter Orbert Davis visited his school with his group called From Bach To Bebop through Urban Gateways. They performed a variety of musical works including Scott Joplin's "The Entertainer". This piece intrigued him because, although he had heard it played many times over by ice-cream trucks, he had never considered it as a serious musical work. Robinson wanted to learn the piano, but his families finances only allowed for a small keyboard, which he began teaching himself how to play. In 1987, his mother bought a piano at an affordable price from a neighbor who was moving. He dropped out of school and spent the next three years teaching himself how to compose and write music.

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Richard A. Muller
Richard A. Muller (born January 6, 1944) is a noted American professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also a faculty senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Muller obtained an A.B. degree at Columbia University (New York) and a Ph.D. degree in physics from University of California, Berkeley. Muller began his career as a graduate student under Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez doing particle physics experiments and working with bubble chambers. During his early years he also helped to co-create accelerator mass spectrometry and made some of the first measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background.
Subsequently, Muller branched out into other areas of science, and in particular the Earth sciences. His work has included attempting to understand the ice ages, dynamics at the core-mantle boundary, patterns of extinction and biodiversity through time, and the processes associated with impact cratering. One of his most well known proposals is the Nemesis hypothesis suggesting the Sun could have an as yet undetected companion dwarf star, whose perturbations of the Oort cloud and subsequent effects on the flux of comets entering the inner Solar System could explain an apparent 26 million year periodicity in extinction events.

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Richard Benson
Richard M. A. Benson (November 8, 1943, Newport, Rhode Island) is an American printer, teacher, and photographer.
He taught at Yale University until 2011 and was dean of the Yale School of Art from 1996 to 2006.

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Richard C. Mulligan
Richard C. Mulligan, Ph.D., (born 1954) is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, and Director of the Harvard Gene Therapy Initiative.
He is a Director of Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Biogen Idec, Inc..

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Richard Critchfield
Richard Critchfield (1931-1994) was an American essayist.
He was on the editorial staff of the Washington Star, and on assignment in Asia.

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Richard Foreman
Richard Foreman (born in New York on 10 June 1937) is an American playwright and avant-garde theater pioneer. He is the founder of the Ontological-Hysteric Theater.
Richard Foreman graduated from Brown University (B.A. 1959), and received an MFA in Playwriting from Yale School of Drama in 1962. As an undergraduate, he was instrumental in the formation of Production Workshop, Brown University's student theatre group, while taking part in other student theatre, including set-designing Brownbrokers' 1958 production of Down to Earth. In 1993, Brown presented him with an honorary doctorate. In 1968 he founded the Ontological-Hysteric Theater, which began as an art-oriented project in the New York district of Soho, and later moved to a semi-permanent "home" at Joseph Papp's Public Theater. Since 1992, the non-profit organization has been in residence at the theater at St. Mark's Church-in-the-Bowery.

Foreman's dramatic works are driven by the notion of a constant reawakening of the audience; he is one of the major artists creating substantial works in the avant garde performance movement, now largely referred to as post-dramatic theater. Instead of focusing on conflict to shape his theatrical structure, Foreman's work draws on design, text and the live performance of actors equally, to create a different focus and relationship between the stage and audience. He describes his works as "total theater". The goal of his performances is a "disorientation massage", in contrast to Aristotle's goal of catharsis.

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Richard Howard
Richard Howard (born October 13, 1929) is an American poet, literary critic, essayist, teacher, and translator. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio and is a graduate of Columbia University, where he studied under Mark Van Doren, and where he now teaches. He lives in New York City.
After reading French letters at the Sorbonne in 1952-53, Howard had a brief early career as a lexicographer. He soon turned his attention to poetry and poetic criticism, and won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry for his 1969 collection Untitled Subjects, which took for its subject dramatic imagined letters and monologues of 19th century historical figures. For much of his career, Howard has written poems using a quantitative verse technique.
He was awarded the PEN Translation Prize in 1976 for his translation of E. M. Cioran's A Short History of Decay and the National Book Award for his 1983 translation of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal. Howard was a long-time poetry editor of The Paris Review and is currently poetry editor of The Western Humanities Review. He has also received a Pulitzer prize, the Academy of Arts and Letters Literary Award and a MacArthur Fellowship. A former Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets, he is Professor of Practice in the writing program at Columbia's School of the Arts. He was previously University Professor of English at the University of Houston and, before that, Ropes Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Cincinnati. He served as Poet Laureate of the State of New York from 1993 to 1995.

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Richard Kenney
Richard L. Kenney (born 1948) is a poet and professor of English at the University of Washington. He is the author of four books of poetry: The Evolution of the Flightless Bird, Orrery, The Invention of the Zero, and The One-Strand River.
Richard Kenney was born to Laurence and Martha (Clare) Kenney on August 10, 1948 in Glens Falls, New York.
After graduating from Dartmouth College in 1970, Kenney won a Reynolds Fellowship and studied Celtic lore in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. He teaches in the English department at the University of Washington and has published in many magazines and journals, including The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, and The American Scholar. Kenney and his family live in Port Townsend, Washington.
Drawing from many great writers and thinkers throughout time, Kenney often includes references to them in his works. James Merrill influenced him the most, and, fittingly so, his third book, The Invention of the Zero, is dedicated to him. Other notable influences include W.B. Yeats, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Robert Lowell, and Philip Larkin.

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Richard Lenski
Richard E. Lenski (born August 13, 1956) is an American evolutionary biologist. He is the son of sociologist Gerhard Lenski. He earned his BA from Oberlin College in 1976, and his PhD from the University of North Carolina in 1982. He is a fellow at the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds the office Hannah Distinguished Professor of microbial ecology at Michigan State University. In 1996, Lenski won a MacArthur Fellowship, and in 2006 he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Lenski is best known for his long-term E. coli evolution experiment and his work with digital organisms, using Avida. On February 17, 2010, he co-founded the NSF Science and Technology Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, known as the BEACON Center.
Andy Schlafly, the founder and owner of wiki Conservapedia, entered into correspondence with Richard Lenski about the results of the E. coli long-term evolution experiment which showed speciation of E. coli bacteria over 10,000 generations. The correspondence was commented on across the internet.

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Richard M. Schoen
Richard Melvin Schoen (born October 23, 1950) is an American mathematician. Born in Fort Recovery, Ohio, he received his PhD in 1977 from Stanford University where he is currently the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Humanities and Sciences. His surname is pronounced "Shane," perhaps as a reflection of the regional dialect spoken by some of his German ancestors.
Schoen is a world expert^{[peacock term]} in the use of analytic techniques in global differential geometry. In 1979, together with his former doctoral supervisor, Shing-Tung Yau, he proved the fundamental positive energy theorem in general relativity. In 1983, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship, and in 1984, he obtained a complete solution to the Yamabe problem on compact manifolds. This work combined new techniques with ideas developed in earlier work with Yau, and partial results by Thierry Aubin and Neil Trudinger. The resulting theorem asserts that any Riemannian metric on a closed manifold may be conformally rescaled (that is, multiplied by a suitable positive function) so as to produce a metric of constant scalar curvature. For his work on the Yamabe problem, Schoen was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize in 1989. He joined the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1988 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1991, and won a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1996. In 2007, Simon Brendle and Richard Schoen proved the differentiable sphere theorem, a fundamental result in the study of manifolds of positive sectional curvature.

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Richard P. Turco
Richard Peter Turco is an American atmospheric scientist, and Professor at the Institute of the Environment, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. He won an award in 1986, from MacArthur Fellows Program.

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Richard Prum
Richard O. Prum is William Robertson Coe Professor of Ornithology, and Head Curator of Vertebrate Zoology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University.
He describes himself as "an evolutionary ornithologist with broad interests in diverse topics, including phylogenetics, behavior, feathers, structural coloration, evolution and development, sexual selection, and historical biogeography".
He holds that birds are the living descendants of theropod dinosaurs, a previously highly disputed finding that has increasingly gained broad acceptance in the ornithological and evolutionary biology scientific communities.
From 1985 to mid-2010, Prum has authored or co-authored 74 works, some of which are listed below:

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Richard Rorty
Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 – June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher. He had a long and diverse academic career, including positions as Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of Virginia, and Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford University. His complex intellectual background gave him a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the traditional analytic philosophy, which he would later famously reject in favor of his own brand of pragmatism.
The philosophical program he developed included a rejection of a representationalist account of knowledge, that is, "mirror of nature", which he reviewed as a holdover from Plato and pervasive throughout the history of western philosophy. In response to these visual theorists, which he drew as embodied by modern analytic philosophy, Rorty advocated for a novel form of American pragmatism, sometimes called neopragmatism, in which scientific and philosophical methods are merely a set of contingent "vocabularies" which were abandoned or adopted over time according to social conventions and usefulness.

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Richard Stallman
Richard Matthew Stallman (born 16 March 1953), often shortened to rms, is an American software freedom activist and computer programmer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system, and he has been the project's lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free software movement; in October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation.
Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft, and he is the main author of several copyleft licenses including the GNU General Public License, the most widely used free software license. Since the mid-1990s, Stallman has spent most of his time advocating for free software, as well as campaigning against software patents, digital rights management, and what he sees as excessive extension of copyright laws. Stallman has also developed a number of pieces of widely used software, including the original Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection, the GNU Debugger, and various tools in the GNU coreutils. He co-founded the League for Programming Freedom in 1989.

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Richard Wrangham
Richard W. Wrangham (born 1948) is a British primatologist. He is the Ruth Moore Professor of Biological Anthropology at Harvard University and his research group is now part of the newly established Department of Human Evolutionary Biology.
He is co-director of the Kibale Chimpanzee Project, the long-term study of the Kanyawara chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. His research culminates in the study of human evolution in which he draws conclusions based on the behavioural ecology of apes. As a graduate student, Wrangham studied under Robert Hinde and Jane Goodall.
He is the co-author of the book Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence with Dale Peterson. He is also a vegetarian.
Along with Eloy Rodriguez, Wrangham helped to introduce the concept of zoopharmacognosy. Wrangham is considered "one of the pioneers of the study of chimp self-medication".
Among the recent courses he teaches in the Human Evolutionary Biology (HEB) concentration at Harvard are HEB 1330 Primate Social Behaviour and HEB 1565 Theories of Sexual Coercion (co-taught with Professor Diane Rosenfeld from Harvard Law School). In March 2008, he was appointed House Master of Currier House at Harvard College.

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Rita P. Wright
Rita P. Wright is an American anthropologist, and professor at New York University.
She graduated from Wellesley College, with a B.A. in 1975, and from Harvard University with an M.A. in 1978 and Ph.D. in 1984.

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Robert Axelrod
Robert M. Axelrod (born May 27, 1943) is an American political scientist. He is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has been since 1974. He is best known for his interdisciplinary work on the evolution of cooperation, which has been cited in numerous articles. His current research interests include complexity theory (especially agent-based modeling), and international security. Axelrod is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Axelrod received his B.A. in mathematics from the University of Chicago in 1964. In 1969, he received his Ph.D. in political science from Yale University. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley from 1968 until 1974.
Among his honors and awards are membership in the National Academy of Sciences, a five-year MacArthur Prize Fellowship, the Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences for an outstanding contribution to science. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985. In 1990 Axelrod was awarded the inaugural NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences.

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Robert Coles
Martin Robert Coles (born October 12, 1929) is an American author, child psychiatrist, and professor at Harvard University.
Born Martin Robert Coles in Boston, Massachusetts on October 12, 1929, to Philip Coles, an immigrant from Leeds, England, and Sandra Young Coles, originally from Sioux City, Iowa. Robert Coles attended Boston Latin School where he played tennis, ran track, and edited the school literary magazine. He entered Harvard College in 1946, where he studied English literature and helped to edit the undergraduate literary magazine, The Advocate. He graduated magna cum laude and earned Phi Beta Kappa honors in 1950. He originally intended to become a teacher or professor, but as part of his honors thesis, he interviewed the poet and physician William Carlos Williams, who promptly persuaded him to go into medicine.
He studied medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating in 1954. After residency training at the University of Chicago, Coles moved on to psychiatric residencies at Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital in Belmont, MA. Knowing that he was to be called into the U.S. Armed Forces under the "doctors' draft," Coles joined the Air Force in 1958 and assigned the rank of Captain. His field of specialization was psychiatry, his intention eventually to subspecialize in child psychiatry.

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Robert Darnton
Robert Darnton (born May 10, 1939) is an American cultural historian, recognized as a leading expert on 18th-century France.
He graduated from Harvard University in 1960, attended Oxford University on a Rhodes scholarship, and earned a Ph.D. (D. Phil.) in history from Oxford in 1964, where he studied with Richard Cobb, among others. He worked as reporter at The New York Times from 1964 to 1965. Joining the Princeton University faculty in 1968, he was appointed Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of European History and was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982. He served as President of the American Historical Association in 1999.
On July 1, 2007, he transferred to emeritus status at Princeton, and was appointed Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor and director of the Harvard University Library, succeeding Sidney Verba.
In 1983 he delivered the Huizinga Lecture in Leiden, the Netherlands, under the title The Meaning of Mother Goose.
Darnton is a pioneer in the field of the history of the book. He is writing about electronic publishing. He is founder of the Gutenberg-e program, sponsored by Mellon Foundation.

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Robert F. Coleman
Robert F. Coleman is an American mathematician, and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. His primary research area is in number theory, with specific interest in p-adic analysis and arithmetic geometry. In particular, he is known for the study of curves of number fields and the Diophantine properties of sets of torsion points, where he has developed techniques of p-adic integration, producing analogies of abelian integrals. He is also known for introducing p-adic Banach spaces into the study of modular forms.
He is an alumnus of Nova High School. In high school he showed prodigiousness in mathematics and was already active in the field, proofing mathematics papers with local Florida universities. He completed his bachelor's degree at Harvard University and subsequently attended Cambridge University for part III of the mathematical tripos. While there John H. Coates provided him with a problem for his doctoral thesis, which he later completed at Princeton University under the advising of Kenkichi Iwasawa. The title of his thesis was Division Values in Local Fields, and it was later cited in Andrew Wiles's final paper presenting the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.

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Robert Greenstein
Robert Greenstein is founder and executive director of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), a Washington, DC think tank that focuses on federal and state fiscal policy and public programs that affect low- and moderate-income families and individuals. According to his CBPP bio, Greenstein is "an expert on the federal budget and in particular, the impact of tax and budget proposals on low-income people".
Greenstein was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1996, and the 14th Annual Heinz Award in Public Policy in 2008. In 1994, he was appointed by President Bill Clinton to serve on the Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform. Prior to founding the Center, Greenstein was Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service at the United States Department of Agriculture under President Jimmy Carter. In November of 2011, Greenstein was included on The New Republic's list of Washington's most powerful, least famous people.

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Robert H. Williams
Robert H. Williams is a Senior Research Scientist at the Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI), Princeton University.
He graduated from Yale University with a BS in physics in 1962, and from University of California, Berkeley with a PhD, in theoretical plasma physics, in 1967. He taught at University of Michigan, Physics Department, in 1970. In 1972, he became Chief Scientist with the Ford Foundation's Energy Policy Project.

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Robert K. Merton
Robert King Merton (July 4, 1910 – February 23, 2003) was a distinguished American sociologist. He spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University, where he attained the rank of University Professor. In 1994, Merton won the National Medal of Science for his contributions to the field and for having founded the sociology of science.
Merton developed notable concepts such as "unintended consequences", the "reference group", and "role strain" but is perhaps best known for having created the terms "role model" and "self-fulfilling prophecy". A central element of modern sociological, political and economic theory, the "self-fulfilling prophecy" is a process whereby a belief or an expectation, correct or incorrect, affects the outcome of a situation or the way a person or a group will behave. Merton's work on the "role model" first appeared in a study on the socialization of medical students at Columbia. The term grew from his theory of a reference group, or the group to which individuals compare themselves, but to which they do not necessarily belong. Social roles were a central piece of Merton's theory of social groups. Merton emphasized that, rather than a person assuming one role and one status, they have a status set in the social structure that has attached to it a whole set of expected behaviors.

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Robert Kates
Robert W. Kates (born January 31, 1929) is an American geographer and independent scholar in Trenton, Maine, and University Professor (Emeritus) at Brown University.
Kates was born in Brooklyn, New York. Unusual for an academic, he never completed an undergraduate degree. He studied Economics at New York University from 1946-8, but dropped out. He went to work in a steel mill in Indiana. He had a chance encounter with a naturalist in a state park in Indiana when on vacation with his family, and this meeting inspired him to become an elementary school teacher. To realise this career he signed up for night school at Indiana University, Gary in 1957, when aged 28. One of his classes to become a teacher was in geography. Having found his calling and his discipline, he sought study advice from Gilbert F. White at the University of Chicago. White gave him some key texts to read, Kates returned to discuss them, White recognized his abilities and steered him through an MA and eventually a PhD in Geography (1962). Kates taught at the Graduate School of Geography, Clark University from 1962 until 1987. At Clark he founded CENTED (the Centre for technology, environment, and development), now part of the Marsh Institute, where he remains a Distinguished Scientist. He worked in Africa with Clark colleagues, and also developed and directed a resource assessment centre at the University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania (from 1967–68).

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Robert Parris Moses
Robert Parris Moses (born Harlem, New York, January 23, 1935, usually known as Bob Moses) is an American, Harvard-trained educator who was a leader in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and later founded the nationwide U.S. Algebra project.
Moses graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1952 and received his B.A. from Hamilton College in 1956. He studied philosophy at Harvard and began teaching at the Horace Mann School in Manhattan in 1958.
He began working with civil rights activists in 1960, becoming field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). As director of the SNCC's Mississippi Project, Moses traveled to the South to try to register black voters. He faced nearly relentless violence and official intimidation. He and other organizers had asked for federal protection from the John F. Kennedy administration.
By 1964 Moses had become Co-Director of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), an umbrella organization for the major civil rights groups then working in Mississippi. He was a leading SNCC figure, and the main organizer of COFO's Freedom Summer project, which was intended to end racial disfranchisement. Mississippi's 1890 constitution included requirements for voter registration, such as poll taxes, residency requirements, and literacy tests, which made it nearly impossible for blacks to register and vote. Because the literacy tests were subjectively administered by white voter registrars, even well-educated blacks had often been refused registration on literacy grounds. By the 1960s many blacks did not bother trying to register. Moses was one of the calm leaders that kept the group focused.

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Robert Penn Warren
Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic and was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the influential literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for his novel All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1958 and 1979. He is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry.
Warren was born in Guthrie, Kentucky, which is very near the Tennessee-Kentucky border, to Robert Warren and Anna Penn. Warren's mother's family had roots in Virginia, having given their name to the community of Penn's Store in Patrick County, Virginia. Robert Penn Warren graduated from Clarksville High School in Clarksville, Tennessee, Vanderbilt University in 1925 and the University of California, Berkeley in 1926. Warren later attended Yale University and obtained his B. Litt. as a Rhodes Scholar from New College, Oxford, in England in 1930. He also received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study in Italy during the rule of Benito Mussolini. That same year he began his teaching career at Southwestern College (now Rhodes College) in Memphis, Tennessee.

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Robert Shapley
Robert Shapley is an American neurophysiologist, and professor at the New York University Center for Neural Science.
He graduated from Harvard University, and from Rockefeller University with a PhD in neurophysiology and biophysics.

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Robert Woodson
Robert L. Woodson (born April 8, 1937 Philadelphia) is an American community development leader, and founder and president of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise (NCNE).
In 1954, he joined the United States Air Force, and earned his G.E.D. He graduated from Cheyney University with a B.S., and from the University of Pennsylvania with a M.S.W.
He was a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute from 1977 to 1982. In 1995, he resigned after the publication of Dinesh D'Souza’s The End of Racism.
On February 8, 2003, his eldest son, Robert L. Woodson Jr., was killed in a car crash. An award has been named for Woodson Jr. by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, where he had previously been employed before joining his father at NCNE. Woodson Sr. also has a younger son, Jamal.

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Roger S. Payne
Roger Searle Payne (born January 29, 1935 in New York, New York, United States) is a biologist and environmentalist famous for the 1967 discovery (with Scott McVay) of Whale song among Humpback whales. Payne later became an important figure in the worldwide campaign to end commercial whaling.
Payne studied at Harvard University and Cornell. He spent the early years of his career studying echolocation in bats (and how their food, moths, avoids them) and auditory localization in owls. Desiring to work with something more directly linked to conservation he later focused his research on whales where he together with researcher Scott McVay in 1967 were the first to discover the complex sonic arrangements performed by the male humpback whales during the breeding season.
Payne describes the whale songs as "exuberant, uninterrupted rivers of sound" with long repeated "themes", each song lasting up to 30 minutes and sung by an entire group of male humpbacks at once. The songs would be varied slightly between each breeding season, with a few new phrases added on and a few others dropped.^{[citation needed]}

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Rogers Brubaker
Rogers Brubaker (born 1956) is an American sociologist, and professor at University of California, Los Angeles.

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Roland Fryer
Roland Gerhard Fryer, Jr. (born June 4, 1977) is a Professor of Economics at Harvard University. He also maintains offices at the National Bureau of Economic Research and W. E. B. Du Bois Institute. In January 2008, at age 30, he became the youngest African-American to ever receive tenure at Harvard.^{[citation needed]} He was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.
Fryer is widely regarded to be one of black America and Harvard's rising stars, having published numerous economics-related papers in prominent academic journals over the past few years.The New York Times ran an extensive profile of Fryer, entitled "Toward a Unified Theory of Black America," in March 2005 that dealt extensively with Fryer's rough upbringing: Fryer's mother left when he was very young, and his father, who beat his son, was convicted of rape, effectively leaving Fryer to fend for himself. Fryer became a "full fledged gangster by his teens".
Fryer grew up in Lewisville, Texas, where he had moved with his father at the age of 4. Attending Lewisville High School, he starred in football and basketball, earning him an athletic scholarship from the University of Texas at Arlington. However, he never played a minute for the Texas–Arlington Mavericks, instead embracing academics, joining the Honors College, whose dean helped find him an academic scholarship. He graduated magna cum laude in 1998 after two and a half years while holding down a full-time job. Fryer completed his Ph.D. in economics from Penn State in 2002. He also conducted postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago with economist Gary Becker. Over the past three years, Fryer has collaborated with several other academics, including Steven Levitt, the University of Chicago economist and author of Freakonomics, Glenn Loury, a Brown University economist, and Edward Glaeser, an urban economist at Harvard.

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Rosanne Haggerty
Rosanne Haggerty (born 1961) is an American housing and community development leader, and founder of Common Ground Community and later of Community Solutions.
She graduated from Amherst College, in 1982. She went on to study at both Columbia University and New York University. She was an Adelaide Thinker in Residence in Adelaide, Australia.
She redeveloped the Times Square Hotel, on the National Register of Historic Places, reducing homelessness by 87 percent in the 20-block neighborhood.

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Roy Mottahedeh
Roy Parviz Mottahedeh (born July 3, 1940 in New York City) is Gurney Professor of History at Harvard University, where he teaches courses on the pre-modern social and intellectual history of the Islamic Middle East at and is an expert on Iranian culture. Roy Mottahedeh served as the director of Harvard's Center for Middle Eastern Studies from 1987 to 1990, and as the inaugural director of the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University from 2005 to 2011.
Mottahedeh graduated from George School in Newtown, Pennsylvania^{[disambiguation needed ]} in 1957, and magna cum laude from Harvard University, with a B.A. in 1960 and a Ph.D. in 1970, studying under Sir Hamilton Gibb.
Mottahedeh's mother Mildred Mottahedeh was the first Baha'i representative to the United Nations.

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Rueben Martinez
Rueben Martinez (born in 1940 in Miami, Arizona) is a Mexican-American activist and businessman. Seeing no future for himself in the small mining town where he grew up, at the age of seventeen Martinez left Arizona for Southern California. He found a job at the massive Bethlehem Steel plant in Maywood, East Los Angeles, attended night school at Santa Ana College, married and began raising a family. By the standards of his community he was a success, but as the years went by Martinez began to feel that he hadn't yet found an occupation which was 'the right fit.' He quit Bethlehem Steel to explore a series of other jobs in Southern California until finally in the late 1970s he used his savings to open a barbershop in downtown Santa Ana and proceeded to cut hair fulltime for over twenty years.
His barber shop in downtown Santa Ana, California was a gathering place for the movers and shakers in Orange County. His interest in the community and in the needs of small businessmen led him to be active in California Democratic politics, especially among Latinos. He has been a delegate to several nominating conventions.

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Russell Lande
Russell Scott Lande (born 1951), is an American evolutionary biologist and ecologist, and a Royal Society Research Professor at Imperial College London, in Silwood Park.
He received his Ph.D. in 1976 from Harvard University where he was a student of Richard Lewontin, and completed his Postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin under James F. Crow. He then held positions at the University of Chicago, University of Oregon, and University of California, San Diego.
Lande is best known for his early work extending quantitative genetics theory to the context of evolutionary biology in natural populations. In particular, he developed a stochastic theory for the evolution of quantitative traits by genetic drift and natural selection. He also proposed a multivariate framework to describe the effect of selection on multiple correlated characters, thus helping clarify the much-debated notion of genetic constraints in phenotypic evolution. He later applied and extended these results to study a wide variety of topics in evolutionary biology, including: sexual selection, speciation, the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, of self-fertilization, of life history, of a species range in space and time.

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Ruth Behar
Ruth Behar (born 1956 in Havana, Cuba) is a Jewish Cuban American anthropologist, poet, and writer who teaches at the University of Michigan.
After receiving her B.A. from Wesleyan University in 1977, she studied cultural anthropology at Princeton University. Her dissertation (1983), based on her first fieldwork in northern Spain, became the basis for her first book. She is a noted feminist, and her personal life experiences as a Jewish Cuban-American woman are frequently an important part of her writing. Her second book, Translated Woman (1993), was based on ten years of fieldwork in a rural town in Mexico. Her controversial book The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart examines the role that the personal can play in ethnographic writing. Since 1991 her research and writing have largely focused on her native country, Cuba, which she left at the age of four. Her research on the dwindling yet vibrant Jewish community in Cuba is the focus of her film Adio Kerida (2002), which featured camerawork and editing by her son Gabriel Frye-Behar. Jewish Cuba is also the topic of her latest book, An Island Called Home: Returning to Jewish Cuba (2007).

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Ruth DeFries
Ruth DeFries (born 1957) is an environmental geographer who specializes in the use of remote sensing to study Earth's habitability under the influence of human activities, such as deforestation, that influence regulating biophysical and biogeochemical processes. She was one of 24 recipients of the 2007 MacArthur Fellowship, and was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 2006.
DeFries received her Ph.D. in 1980 from the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and her B.A. in Earth Science in 1976 from Washington University. DeFries currently holds the Denning Family Chair in Sustainable Development in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, at Columbia University as well as a professorship at the University of Maryland, College Park where she has joint appointments in the Department of Geography and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center.
Also see Portal:Sustainable development

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Ruth Lubic
Ruth Watson Lubic (born 1927) is a nurse midwife and a MacArthur “genius” award winner who has championed personalized care during labor and childbirth for all women, particularly those in low-income neighborhoods. She co-founded the National Association of Childbearing Centers in 1983 and has helped establish more than 200 free-standing birth centers.
The MacArthur Foundation named Lubic a “genius” in 1993 and gave her $375,000 over five years to do whatever she wanted. She used the money to found the DC Developing Families Center in 2000, in one of the poorest neighborhoods of Washington, a city known for its high infant mortality rate. The developing families center includes a health and birth center, staffed with midwives and nurse practitioners. Lubic says that the center’s philosophy of “high-touch, low-tech” has resulted in a lower rate of C-sections and premature births than the city as a whole.
Lubic, the daughter of a pharmacist, received a nursing degree from the University of Pennsylvania. She married Bill Lubic, a lawyer, in 1953, and the couple moved to New York. Lubic worked as a hospital nurse, caring for cancer patients.

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Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, CBE (born 7 May 1927) is a Booker prize-winning novelist, short story writer, and two-time Academy Award-winning screenwriter. She is perhaps best known for her long collaboration with Merchant Ivory Productions, made up of director James Ivory and the late producer Ismail Merchant. Their films won six Academy Awards.
She was born Ruth Prawer in Cologne, Germany to Jewish parents Marcus and Eleanora Prawer. Marcus was a lawyer from Poland and Eleanora's father was cantor of Cologne's biggest synagogue. The family fled the Nazi regime in 1939, emigrating to Britain. Her elder brother, Siegbert Salomon (1925–2012), was honorary fellow of The Queen's College and professor emeritus of German at the University of Oxford, an expert on Heine and horror films.
During World War II she lived in Hendon in London, experienced the Blitz and began to speak English rather than German. She became a British citizen in 1948. She received her MA in English literature from Queen Mary College, University of London in 1951. She also married Cyrus H. Jhabvala, an Indian Parsi architect, in 1951.

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Sam Maloof
Sam Maloof (born Samuel Solomon Maloof, a member of the large Maalouf family) (January 24, 1916 - May 21, 2009) was a furniture designer and woodworker. He was born in Chino, California, USA, to parents who emigrated to the United States from Lebanon. He attended high school first at Chaffey High School in Ontario, California, where he took his first woodworking class and was recognized by his art teacher as having extraordinary skill. Later he attended Chino High School. Shortly after completing high school, he began working in the art department of the Vortox Manufacturing Company in Claremont, California. He was drafted into the United States Army on October 11, 1941. After serving in the Pacific theater and then transferring to a post in Alaska, Maloof left the army in 1945 to return to Southern California.
Maloof married Alfreda Louise Ward on June 27, 1948 and the couple moved into a house at 921 Plaza Serena, Ontario, California where Sam set up a furniture workshop in the garage. Mostly from necessity, Maloof designed and built a suite of furniture for his home using salvaged materials. Commissioned pieces followed, and from 1949-1952 Maloof continued working in the garage of his Ontario home. In 1953, Maloof relocated to Alta Loma, California where he built a studio to continue making furniture.

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Sam-Ang Sam
Sam-Ang Sam, Ph.D. is a Cambodian American ethnomusicologist and recent MacArthur Fellow. As founder of Sam-Ang Sam Ensemble, he has released several albums for sale in mainstream American markets in an attempt to revive Classical Khmer music and stimulate interest in the various Cambodian Performing Arts.

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Samuel Mockbee
Samuel "Sambo" Mockbee (December 23, 1944 – December 30, 2001) was an American architect and a co-founder of the Auburn University Rural Studio program in Hale County, Alabama.
Mockbee's architectural partnership with Coleman Coker was recognized for an ingenious and quirky brand of regionalism.
Mockbee was born in Meridian, Mississippi. He served two years in the U.S. Army as an artillery officer at Fort Benning, Georgia. He enrolled at Auburn University and was graduated from the School of Architecture in 1974. Mockbee interned in Columbus, Georgia before returning to Mississippi in 1977, where he formed a partnership with his classmate and friend, Thomas Goodman.
A growing sense of connection with rural places and a respect for the disadvantaged people who inhabit them, led Mockbee, along with D. K. Ruth, to found the Rural Studio program at Auburn University. That program became widely acclaimed for introducing students to the social responsibilities of architectural practice and for providing safe, well-constructed, and inspirational buildings to the communities of West Alabama. In many cases these buildings, designed and built by students, incorporate novel materials which otherwise, would be considered waste. The buildings often consist of a combination of vernacular architecture with modernist forms.

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Sandra Cisneros
Sandra Cisneros (born December 20, 1954) is an American writer best known for her acclaimed first novel The House on Mango Street (1984) and her subsequent short story collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). Her work experiments with literary forms and investigates emerging subject positions, which Cisneros herself attributes to growing up in a context of cultural hybridity and economic inequality that endowed her with unique stories to tell. She is the recipient of numerous awards including a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, and is regarded as a key figure in Chicana literature.
Cisneros's early life provided many experiences she would later draw on as a writer: she grew up as the only daughter in a family of six brothers, which often made her feel isolated, and the constant migration of her family between Mexico and the USA instilled in her the sense of "always straddling two countries ... but not belonging to either culture." Cisneros's work deals with the formation of Chicana identity, exploring the challenges of being caught between Mexican and Anglo-American cultures, facing the misogynist attitudes present in both these cultures, and experiencing poverty. For her insightful social critique and powerful prose style, Cisneros has achieved recognition far beyond Chicano and Latino communities, to the extent that The House on Mango Street has been translated worldwide and is taught in American classrooms as a coming-of-age novel.

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Sandra Lanham
Sandra Lanham (born 1948) is the founder and sole pilot of Environmental Flying Services, a non-profit organization located in Tucson, Arizona.
E-Flying was created to help researchers and scientists such as Conservation International. She offers her flying services at no charge, charging only for fuel costs and expenses. Grants support her operations.

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Sandy Close
Sandy Close is an American journalist and the Executive Director of the Bay Area Institute / Pacific News Service, and New America Media.
Close graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with BA in 1964. She worked as the China editor in Hong Kong for the Far Eastern Economic Review. She founded the Oakland-based Flatlands newspaper.
Close was the co-producer of Breathing Lessons: The Life and Work of Mark O'Brien.
She was married to the historian and Asian affairs scholar Franz Schurmann from 1968 until his death in 2010.

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Sara Horowitz
Sara Horowitz is the founder of Working Today and Freelancers Union, leading organizations of independent workers. She was an Echoing green fellow in 1995, and she was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1999. She graduated from Cornell University 1984.
Her grandfather was vice-president of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union in New York and her father was a union lawyer.

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Sarah H. Kagan
Sarah H. Kagan is an American gerontological nurse, and Doris R. Schwartz Term Associate Professor in Gerontological Nursing at University of Pennsylvania.
She graduated from the University of Chicago with an A.B. in 1984, from Rush University with a B.S. in 1986, and from the University of California, San Francisco with an M.S. in 1989 and a Ph.D in 1994.

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Sarah Ruhl
Sarah Ruhl (born 1974) is an American playwright. She is the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship.
Ruhl was born in Wilmette, Illinois. Originally, she intended to be a poet. However, after she studied under Paula Vogel at Brown University (A.B., 1997; M.F.A., 2001), she was convinced to switch to playwriting. Her first play was The Dog Play, written in 1995 for one of Vogel's classes. Her roots in poetry can still be seen in the way she uses language in her plays. She also did graduate work at Pembroke College, Oxford.
Her play Late: A Cowboy Song was produced by Clubbed Thumb in 2003.
Ruhl gained widespread recognition for her play The Clean House, "The play takes place in a 'metaphysical Connecticut' where married doctors employ a Brazilian housekeeper who is more interested in coming up with the perfect joke than in cleaning. Trouble erupts when the husband falls in love with one of his cancer patients". Though this play is often described as a comedy, it is a much more poignant tale in which the characters are challenged to find joy in spite of death. It won the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize in 2004. It was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 2005.

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Sarah Sze
Sarah Sze (born 1969) is a contemporary artist who lives and works in New York City. Sze uses ordinary objects to create sculptures and site-specific installations.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sze graduated Summa Cum Laude from Yale University in 1991. She then received a MFA from the School of Visual Arts, New York in 1997.
Since the late 1990s Sarah Sze's signature sculptural aesthetic has presented ephemeral installations that penetrate walls, suspend from ceilings and burrow into the ground. The artist creates immense, yet intricate site-specific works which manipulate every space—be that a gallery, domestic interior or street corner—and profoundly affects the way it is viewed. Sze's practice exists at the intersection of sculpture, painting and architecture where her formal interest in light, air and movement is coupled with an intuitive understanding of colour and texture. Sze utilises a myriad of everyday objects in her installations from cotton buds and tea bags to water bottles and ladders, light bulbs and electric fans. Presented as leftovers or traces of human behaviour, these items, released from their commonplace duty possess a certain vitality and ambition within the work. Her careful consideration of every shift in scale between the humble and the monumental, the throwaway and the precious, the incidental and the essential solicits a new experience of space, disorienting and reorienting the viewer at every turn.

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Saul Friedländer
Saul Friedländer (Hebrew: שאול פרידלנדר) (born Prague, October 11, 1932) is an award-winning Israeli historian and currently a professor of history at UCLA.
Saul Friedländer was born in Prague to a family of German-speaking Jews. He grew up in France and experienced the German Occupation of 1940–1944. From 1942 until 1944, Friedländer was hidden in a Catholic boarding school in Montlucon, near Vichy, posing as a Gentile. While in hiding, he converted to Roman Catholicism and later began preparing for the Catholic priesthood. His parents attempted to flee to Switzerland, were arrested instead by Vichy French gendarmes, turned over to the Germans and were gassed at the Auschwitz death camp. Not until 1946 did Friedländer learn the fate of his parents.
After 1946, Friedländer grew more consciously aware of his Jewish identity and became a Zionist. In 1948, Friedländer emigrated to Israel on the Irgun ship Altalena. After finishing high school, he served in the Israeli army. From 1953-55, he studied Political Science in Paris. Later, Friedländer served as secretary to Nachum Goldman then President of the World Zionist Organization and the World Jewish Congress. In 1959, he became an assistant to Shimon Peres, then vice-minister of defense. Late in the 1980s, Friedländer moved to the Left and was active in the Peace Now group.

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Saul Griffith
Saul Griffith is an Australian American inventor. He is best known for his inexpensive technique for making prescription eyeglasses. This method uses two flexible surfaces and a pourable resin.
Saul Griffith was born into an academic family, and encouraged to question all around him, to experiment as a process of learning, and to communicate effectively. He was educated in the public school system at selective primary and secondary levels. He won a scholarship to study Material Science at the University of New South Wales where he graduated in 1997 with a B.MET.E. In 2000, Griffith graduated from the University of Sydney with a Master of Engineering degree.
He won a scholarship to MIT Media Lab to study towards a PhD that he completed in 2004.
The subject of his PhD Thesis was "self replicating machines". They were one of the first instances of artificial replication being demonstrated using real physics.
He is a co-founder of Squid Labs. He is now involved with Makani Power, WattzOn, HowToons, Instructables, OptiOpia, Potenco and Monkeylectric.

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Sendhil Mullainathan
Sendhil Mullainathan is a Professor of Economics at Harvard University. He was hired with tenure by Harvard in 2004 after having spent six years at MIT, first as a junior faculty member and then as a full professor. He is a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant" and conducts research on development economics, behavioral economics, and corporate finance. He is a co-founder of the MIT Poverty Action Lab and most recently of the think-tank Ideas42. Mullainathan is also a Research Affiliate of Innovations for Poverty Action. On May 11, 2011, he was named Assistant Director for Research of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau created pursuant to Title X of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Born in a small farming village in India, Mullainathan moved to the Los Angeles area at age seven. He received his B.A. in computer science, mathematics, and economics from Cornell University in 1993, and completed his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University 1993-1998. He is a co-founder of the MIT Poverty Action Lab, and most recently, of the think-tank Ideas42.

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Sergiu Klainerman
Sergiu Klainerman (born 1950 in Bucharest, Romania) is a mathematician known for his contributions to the study of hyperbolic differential equations and general relativity. He is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University, a position he held since 1987. From 1980 to 1987 he was a faculty member at New York University.
Klainerman is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (elected 2005), a foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences (elected 2002) and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected 1996).
He was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1991 and Guggenheim Fellow in 1997. Klainerman was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize by the American Mathematical Society in 1999 "for his contributions to nonlinear hyperbolic equations". He is currently a co-Editor-in-Chief of Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS.

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Seweryn Bialer
Seweryn Bialer (born November 3, 1926) is an emeritus professor of political science at Columbia University and an expert on the Communist parties of the Soviet Union and Poland. He was the Director of Columbia's Research Institute on International Change.
Born in in Berlin, Germany, Bialer joined the underground anti-fascist movement in Lodz, Poland in 1942. Between February 1944 and May 1945 he was a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
From May 1945 to June 1951 he was member of the Polish communist police force (Milicja Obywatelska). He also held various positions in the Polish Communist Party (PZPR). He was a political officer of the State Police in Warsaw and a member of the Central Committee of the Polish Worker's Party. Subsequently, beginning in June 1951, he became a Professor at the Institute of Sociology and political editor of the newspaper Trybuna Ludu. He was also a researcher in economics at the Polish Academy of Sciences. During this time he authored several political science textbooks.

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Shahzia Sikander
Shahzia Sikander (Urdu: شازیه سکندر; born 1969) is an artist from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Sikander is a Pakistani American artist, now living in New York City, who specializes in Mughal miniature painting and Persian miniature painting. She has also created murals, installations, mixed-media works and performance art. She is a 2006 recipient of the MacArthur Fellows Program "genius grant". She earned a BFA in 1992 at the National College of Arts in Lahore, Pakistan; and an MFA in 1995 at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island.
She has had solo exhibitions at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (1999/2000) and at the Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago (1998). Her work has been shown in group exhibitions at the Whitney Museum (1999/2000 and 1999), at the Third Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art, Brisbane, Australia (1999), and at the Ludwig Museum, Cologne, Germany (1999).
Sikander has been schooled in the miniature painting tradition of Pakistan, and combines the historic iconography and technique with her own aesthetics resulting in a hybrid of traditional and contemporary styles. The imagery in her work references the tensions that exist in Islam, Hinduism and Christianity as well as her personal history, politics, and sexuality. Religion is a significant element in her art as well as her personal life, as she is a practicing Muslim. Sikander explores in particular, the role of Muslim women and challenges the view Westerners have of associating Islam only with terrorism and oppression of women.

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Sharon Emerson
Sharon B. Emerson (born 1945) is an American biologist, and was researcher at the University of Utah.
In 1993, she was chair of the Division of Vertebrate Morphology of the American Society of Zoologists. She taught at University of Illinois, Chicago.

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Sharon R. Long
Sharon R. Long, Ph.D. is an American plant biologist, and a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University, and director of the Long Lab.
She studied at Harvey Mudd College, Caltech (B.S.) and Yale (Ph.D.) in biochemistry and genetics, and began her research on plants and symbiosis while a postdoc at Harvard University. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a 1992 MacArthur Fellows Program recipient. She joined the Stanford faculty in 1982, where she holds the Steere-Pfizer chair in Biological Sciences, and from 1994-2001 she was an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She served as Dean of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University from 2001 to 2007. In September 2008 she was identified as one of 5 science advisors for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama.
Her current research uses molecular, genetic, and biochemical techniques to study the early stages of symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and its host plants in the genus Medicago. Rhizobium cells recognize and form nodules on their plant hosts. Her group discovered that a flavone (luteolin) derived from alfalfa seed extracts is necessary for activation of nodulation genes (nod ABC) in Sinorhizobium meliloti. They proved that some nod genes encode enzymes that synthesize Nod Factor. They discovered that plant root hair cells show rapid ionic changes including calcium spiking in response to specific Nod Factors. With colleagues, they have identified plant genes for symbiosis, and correlated these with specific stages in nodule development.

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Shawn Carlson
Shawn Carlson (born 1960) is an American science educator who founded the Society for Amateur Scientists in 1994, which is dedicated to "Helping ordinary people do extraordinary science." In 2010, he founded the LabRats Science Education Program, to inspire students aged 11 to 18 to "love learning about science and technology." His students call him "Dr. Shawn"
He graduated from University of California, Berkeley with a BS in Applied Mathematics and Physics in 1981, and from University of California, Los Angeles with a MS in Physics in 1983, and with a Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics in 1989. As a post doc Dr. Carlson worked at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the Berkeley Automated Supernovae Search.
He wrote "The Amateur Scientist" column for Scientific American from 1995 to 2001. He has been a columnist for Make Magazine and The Humanist. His work has also appeared in American Scientist.
Dr. Carlson is currently the creative force behind the LabRats Science Education Program, the iDoScience research collaboration platform, and the Carlson Method™ of teaching science.

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Shelly Errington

Shelly E. Errington is a cultural anthropologist specializing in the studies of plastic art and narrative arts, focusing on documentary film, photography, arts, and multi-media. She is a professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Errington received an M.A. from Newcomb College, Tulane University and an M.A and Ph.D at Cornell University. In 1981, she was the recipient of one of the first MacArthur Foundation "genius grants".
Errington has done field work in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Mexico. Her current courses include a study of Multi-Media Ethnography. She is currently working on a documentary film on the art of the Pátzcuaro region of Mexico, and an accompanying book on the subject.
On September 24, 2009, she spoke at a rally protesting cuts to California University education.

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Shelomo Dov Goitein
Shelomo Dov Goitein (April 3, 1900 — February 6, 1985) was a German-Jewish ethnographer, historian and Arabist known for his research on Jewish life in the Islamic Middle Ages.
Shelomo Dov (Fritz) Goitein was born in the town of Burgkunstadt in Upper Franconia, Germany; his father, Dr. Eduard Goitein, was born in Hungary to a long line of rabbis. The name Goitein points probably to Kojetín in Moravia as the city of origin of the family. He was brought up with both secular and talmudic education. In 1914 his father died and the family moved to Frankfurt am Main, where he finished high school and university.
During 1918-1923 he studied Arabic and Islam at the University of Frankfurt while continuing his talmudic study with a private teacher. In 1923 he sailed together with Gershom Scholem to Palestine. He lived four years in Haifa until he was invited to lecture at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which had been inaugurated two years earlier. In Jerusalem, he married Theresa Gottlieb (1900–1987), a eurythmics teacher who composed songs and plays for children. They had three children, Ayala, Ofra, and Elon.

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Shen Wei
Shen Wei (simplified Chinese: 沈伟; traditional Chinese: 沈偉; pinyin: shěn wěi) is a Chinese-born American choreographer, visual artist and director who resides in New York City. Widely recognized for his defining vision of an intercultural and interdisciplinary mode of movement-based performance, Shen Wei creates original works that employ an assortment of media elements, including dance, painting, sound, sculpture, theater and video. Frequently, critics have commented on his innovative blend of Asian and Western sensibilities, as well as his syncretic approach to performance art.
In 2000, he founded Shen Wei Dance Arts and became the Artistic Director of the contemporary dance company. The works he has created for the company is based on his own dance technique created over the past 12 years, a movement language he calls Natural Body Development. In recent years, Shen Wei has expanded his artistry to include large-scale multimedia works showcasing original art installations, and original video and animation material. Shen Wei’s 13 major movement-based works has toured in 30 countries in 130 cities.

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Shing-Tung Yau
Shing-Tung Yau (Chinese: 丘成桐; pinyin: Qiū Chéngtóng; born April 4, 1949) is an American mathematician. His works are mainly in differential geometry. He was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China into a family of scholars from Jiaoling, Guangdong Province.
Yau's contributions have had an influence on both physics and mathematics. Calabi–Yau manifolds are among the ‘standard toolkit’ for string theorists today. He has been active at the interface between geometry and theoretical physics. His proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity demonstrated—sixty years after its discovery—that Einstein's theory is consistent and stable. His proof of the Calabi conjecture allowed physicists—using Calabi-Yau compactification—to show that string theory is a viable candidate for a unified theory of nature.
Yau was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China with an ancestry in Jiaoling (also in Guangdong) in a family of eight children. When he was only a few months old, his family emigrated to Hong Kong, where they lived first in Yuen Long and then 5 years later in Shatin. When Yau was fourteen, his father Chiou Chenying, a philosophy professor, died.

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Shirley Heath
Shirley Brice Heath is an American linguistic anthropologist, and Professor Emerita, Margery Bailey Professorship in English, at Stanford University.
She graduated from Lynchburg College, Ball State University, and Columbia University, with a Ph.D. in 1970. She is a Brown University professor-at-large, and a visiting research professor at the Watson Institute.

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Sidney Drell
Sidney David Drell (born September 13, 1926) is an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert. He is a professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Drell is a noted contributor in the field of quantum electrodynamics and particle physics. The Drell–Yan process is partially named after him. He was one of the winners of the 2000 Enrico Fermi Award.
Drell received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1949. He co-authored the textbook "Relativistic Quantum Mechanics" with James Bjorken. Drell is active as a scientific advisor to the U.S. government, and is a founding member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group. He is also on the board of directors of Los Alamos National Security, the company that operates the Los Alamos National Laboratory. He is an expert in the field of nuclear arms control and cofounder of the Center for International Security and Arms Control, now the Center for International Security and Cooperation. He is now a Senior Fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution. He is also an accomplished violinist.

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Sokoni Karanja
Sokoni Tacuma Karanja (Lathan Johnson) (born January 7, 1940 Topeka, Kansas) is a child development expert, and President and CEO of the Center for New Horizons.
He graduated from Topeka High School in 1958, from Washburn University with a B.A. in 1961, from the University of Denver with a masters degree in psychology, from Atlanta University with a master's degree in social work, from the University of Cincinnati with a master's degree in community planning, and from Brandeis University with a Ph.D. degree in urban policy, where he was assistant dean of students, in 1971.
He was on the board of Woods Fund of Chicago. In 2004, he was arrested by police, but the charges were dismissed. He is married to professor Ayana Karanja; they have five children.

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Stanley Cavell
Stanley Louis Cavell (born September 1, 1926) is an American philosopher. He is the Walter M. Cabot Professor Emeritus of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University.
Born to a Jewish family in Atlanta, Georgia, Cavell first trained in music, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in music at Berkeley in 1947. Shortly after being accepted at Juilliard, he gave up studying music and changed to philosophy, studying at UCLA before finishing at Harvard. As a student there he came under the influence of the visiting J. L. Austin, whose teaching and methods "knocked him off...[his] horse."
Cavell's first teaching position was at Berkeley, but he returned to Harvard, where he became the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value in 1963. For the academic year 1970-1971, he was a Fellow on the faculty at the Center for the Humanities of Wesleyan University. Cavell received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1992. In 1997 he became Professor Emeritus at Harvard. On May 7, 2010, he was made Doctor Honoris Causa of the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon.

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Stanley Crouch
Stanley Crouch (born December 14, 1945, Los Angeles) is an American music and cultural critic, syndicated columnist, and novelist, perhaps best known for his jazz criticism and his novel Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?
During the early 1970s, Crouch moved from California to New York City, where he shared a loft with tenor saxophonist David Murray above an East Village club called the Tin Palace. While working as a drummer, Crouch conducted the booking for an avant-garde jazz series at the club, as well as organizing occasional concert events at the Ladies' Fort.
In Ken Burns' 2005 television documentary Unforgivable Blackness, Crouch says that his father was a "criminal" and that he once met the boxer Jack Johnson.
Since the early 1980s, Crouch has become critical of the more progressive forms of jazz and has been associated with the opinions of Albert Murray. Crouch was fired from JazzTimes following his controversial article "Putting the White Man in Charge" in which he stated that, since the 1960s, "...white musicians who can play are too frequently elevated far beyond their abilities in order to allow white writers to make themselves feel more comfortable about being in the role of evaluating an art from which they feel substantially alienated."

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Stephen D. Houston
Stephen Douglas Houston (

/ˈhaʊstən/ HOW-stən; born November 11, 1958) is an American anthropologist, archaeologist, epigrapher and Mayanist scholar, who is particularly renowned for his research into the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica. He is the author of a number of papers and books concerning topics such as the Maya script, the history, kingships and dynastic politics of the pre-Columbian Maya, and archaeological reports on several Maya archaeological sites.
As of 2008 Houston holds an endowed chair as Dupee Family Professor of Social Science at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, and is also a professor in Brown's Department of Anthropology.
Stephen D. Houston was born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. In 1976 he commenced undergraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia in anthropology. From 1978–79 he spent a year as an exchange student at Edinburgh University, Scotland, where he participated in his first field trips, excavating Mesolithic and Neolithic bog sites in Offaly and Mayo counties, Éire, and at a Bronze Age henge near Strathallan, Scotland.

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Stephen Hough
Stephen Andrew Gill Hough (

/ˈhʌf/; born 22 November 1961) is a British-born classical pianist, composer and writer. He became an Australian citizen in 2005 and thus has dual nationality (his father was born in Australia in 1926).
Hough was born in Heswall (then in Cheshire) on the Wirral Peninsula, and grew up in Hoylake, where he began piano lessons at the age of five. In 1978, he was a finalist in the BBC Young Musician of the Year Competition and won the piano section. In 1982, he won the Terence Judd Award in England. In 1983, he took first prize at the Naumburg International Piano Competition in New York.
Hough holds a Master's degree from the Juilliard School where his studies were assisted by the receipt of the first ever Royal Philharmonic Society Julius Isserlis Scholarship for study abroad. He has studied with Heather Slade-Lipkin, Gordon Green, and Derrick Wyndham. He is also a composer and transcriber, and often includes his own works in his recitals. The premiere of his cello concerto, written for Steven Isserlis, took place in March 2007, and in the summer of the same year Westminster Abbey and Westminster Cathedral performed masses he wrote for them. In 2009 his trio for piccolo, contrabassoon and piano ('Was mit den Traenen Geschieht') was premiered at the Philharmonie in Berlin by members of the Berlin Philharmonic. His song cycles 'Herbstleider' (2007) and 'Other Love Songs' (2010) were premiered and recorded by members of The Prince Consort. His 'Sonata for Piano (broken branches)' was premiered by himself at the Wigmore Hall in 2011. In 2012 the Indianapolis Symphony and Symphonic Choir gave the world premiere of the orchestrated version of his Missa Mirabilis.

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Stephen J. Pyne
Stephen J. Pyne is a professor in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, specializing in environmental history, the history of exploration, and the history of fire.
Pyne received his bachelor's degree at Stanford University after graduating from Brophy College Preparatory, a Jesuit high school, in Phoenix, Arizona. He later attained his master's and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Texas at Austin. A MacArthur Fellowship came to him in 1988. He has also received a Fulbright Fellowship to Sweden, been awarded two National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships, and has enjoyed two tours at the National Humanities Center.
He spent fifteen seasons as a wildland firefighter at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park between 1967 and 1981. Pyne credits his entire corpus of work to those years on the Rim. Since the publication of his second book, Fire in America in 1982, he has been known as one of the world's foremost experts on the history and management of fire.
Stephen J. Pyne has authored the following books:

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Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation. Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In the latter years of his life, Gould also taught biology and evolution at New York University near his home in SoHo.
Gould's most significant contribution to science was the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which he developed with Niles Eldredge in 1972. The theory proposes that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution. The theory was contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the popular idea that evolutionary change is marked by a pattern of smooth and continuous change in the fossil record.
Most of Gould's empirical research was based on the land snail genera Poecilozonites and Cerion. He also contributed to evolutionary developmental biology, and has received wide praise for his book Ontogeny and Phylogeny. In evolutionary theory he opposed strict selectionism, sociobiology as applied to humans, and evolutionary psychology. He campaigned against creationism and proposed that science and religion should be considered two distinct fields (or "magisteria") whose authorities do not overlap.

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Stephen Schneider
Stephen Henry Schneider (February 11, 1945 – July 19, 2010) was Professor of Environmental Biology and Global Change at Stanford University, a Co-Director at the Center for Environment Science and Policy of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and a Senior Fellow in the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Schneider served as a consultant to federal agencies and White House staff in the Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations.
His research included modeling of the atmosphere, climate change, and "the relationship of biological systems to global climate change." Schneider was the founder and editor of the journal Climatic Change and authored or co-authored over 450 scientific papers and other publications. He was a Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group II IPCC TAR and was engaged as a co-anchor of the Key Vulnerabilities Cross-Cutting Theme for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) at the time of his death. During the 1980s, Schneider emerged as a leading public advocate of sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming.

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Stephen Shenker
Stephen Hart Shenker (born 1953) is an American theoretical physicist who works on string theory. He is a professor at Stanford University and former director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His brother Scott Shenker is a computer scientist. His contributions to physics include:

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Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British scientist and the chief designer of the Mathematica software application and the Wolfram Alpha computational knowledge engine.
Stephen Wolfram's parents were Jewish refugees who emigrated from Westphalia, Germany, to England in 1933. Wolfram's father Hugo was a textile manufacturer and novelist (Into a Neutral Country) and his mother Sybil was a professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford. He has a younger brother, Conrad.
Wolfram was educated at Eton, where he amazed and frustrated teachers by his brilliance and refusal to be taught, instead doing other students' math homework for money. Wolfram published an article on particle physics but claimed to be bored and left Eton prematurely in 1976. He entered St John's College, Oxford at age 17 but found lectures "awful". Working independently, Wolfram published a widely cited paper on heavy quark production at age 18 and nine other papers before leaving in 1978 without graduating. He received a Ph.D. in particle physics from the California Institute of Technology at age 20, joined the faculty there and received one of the first MacArthur awards in 1981, at age 21. According to Google Scholar Stephen Wolfram is cited by over 30,000 publications (up to April 2012) and has an h-index of 58.

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Steve Lacy
Steve Lacy (July 23, 1934 – June 4, 2004), born Steven Norman Lackritz in New York City, was a jazz saxophonist and composer recognized as one of the important players of soprano saxophone. Coming to prominence in the 1950s as a progressive Dixieland musician, Lacy went on to a long and prolific career. He worked extensively in experimental jazz and dabbled in free improvisation, but Lacy's music was typically melodic and tightly-structured. Lacy also became a highly distinctive composer with a signature simplicity of style, with compositions often built out of little more than a single questioning phrase, repeated several times.
The music of Thelonious Monk became a permanent part of Lacy's repertoire after a stint in the pianist's band, with Monk's songs appearing on virtually every Lacy album and concert program; Lacy often partnered with trombonist Roswell Rudd in exploring Monk's work. Beyond Monk, Lacy performed the work of jazz composers such as Charles Mingus, Duke Ellington and Herbie Nichols; unlike many jazz musicians he rarely played standard popular or show tunes.

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Steven Goodman
Steven Goodman is an American Conservation Biologist, and field biologist on staff in the Department of Zoology at the Field Museum of Natural History.
He graduated from the University of Michigan with a B.S. in 1984, from the University of Hamburg with a Ph.D. in 2000, and from the Université Paris-Sud XI, with an H.D.R. in 2005. In the early 1990s, with the World Wildlife Fund, he created the Ecological Training Program (ETP).

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Stewart Kwoh
Stewart Kwoh (born September 16, 1948) is an American attorney, educator, and civil rights leader. Kwoh is the founding President and Executive Director of the Asian Pacific American Legal Center of Southern California (APALC), a member of the Asian American Center for Advancing Justice.
Stewart Kwoh was born to American parents teaching in China in Nanjing on September 16, 1948. When Kwoh was two months old, his family moved to Shanghai, then back to America, settling in Los Angeles
Kwoh’s mother, Beulah Kwoh (stage name Beulah Quo), was a film and television actress whose trailblazing career spanned almost 50 years and included co-founding the Asian American theatre organization East West Players in 1965 as well as becoming the first Asian American woman to win a local Emmy. Kwoh’s father, Edwin Kwoh, was a businessman who was involved in a number of non-profits, including the Los Angeles chapter of Volunteers of America. Edwin Kwoh served as a local board member and helped develop the organization’s China Project, which led to a number of U.S. volunteers training individuals in China on topics ranging from policing to accounting.

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Stuart Dybek
Stuart Dybek (born 1942) is an American writer.
Dybek was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Chicago's Little Village and Pilsen neighborhoods in the 1950s and early 1960s. Dybek graduated from St. Rita of Cascia High School in 1959. He writes about these neighborhoods and the ethnic shift that occurred when they went from being populated with Poles and Czechs toward the primarily Hispanic areas of the city that still remain to this day. Dybek's father immigrated to the U.S. from Poland and took the job as a foreman at International Harvester; his mother worked as a truck dispatcher.
Dybek earned an MFA from the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa and has an MA in literature from Loyola University Chicago. He currently teaches at Northwestern University after more than 30 years teaching at Western Michigan University, where he remains an Adjunct Professor of English and a member of the permanent faculty of the renowned Prague Summer Program. He is also a contributing editor at The Alaska Quarterly Review.

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Sue Goldie
Dr. Sue J. Goldie (born 1962) is the Roger Irving Lee Professor of Public Health, the Director of the Center for Health Decision Science (Harvard School of Public Health) and Faculty Director of the Harvard Global Health Institute (Harvard University).Dr. Goldie has a secondary appointment as Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine (Harvard Medical School). Her professional agenda includes improving women’s health in all parts of the world, using evidence-based policy to reduce global health inequities, building bridges between disciplines to tackle critical public health challenges, and fostering innovation in education.
Trained as a physician, decision scientist, and public health researcher, Dr. Goldie’s decision analytic work has focused on viruses of global health importance, vaccine-preventable diseases, and maternal mortality. Dr. Goldie has published more than 150 original research papers and 50 chapters, reports, and technical notes, and has been Principal Investigator on awards from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Doris Duke Foundation, and MacArthur Foundation. She has served on the Board on Global Health for the Institute of Medicine and several technical advisory boards for the World Health Organization. She was awarded a MacArthur grant “for genius and creativity” in applying the tools of decision science to combat major public health problems (2005-2010), and was elected to the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (2009).

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Susan E. Alcock
Susan Alcock is a American archaeologist specializing in survey archaeology and the archaeology of memory in the provinces of the Roman empire. Alcock grew up in Massachusetts and was educated at Yale and the University of Cambridge.
She is Professor of Classics and the Director for the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World at Brown University (2006–present). Prior to that, she was the John H. D'Arms Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Michigan. She was co-director of the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project in southwestern Greece, then co-director of the Vorotan Project in southern Armenia, and is now director of the Brown University Petra Archaeological Project. In 2001 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Susan Irene Rotroff
Susan Irene Rotroff is an American archaeologist, and Jarvis Thurston and Mona Van Duyn Professor in the Humanities, at Washington University in St. Louis.
She graduated from Princeton University, with a Ph.D in 1976. In 2011 Rotroff was awarded the Gold Medal from the Archaeological Institute of America

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Susan Kieffer
Susan Elizabeth Werner Kieffer (born November 17, 1942 in Warren, Pennsylvania) is an American physical geologist and planetary scientist. Kieffer is known for her work on the fluid dynamics of volcanoes, geysers, and rivers, and for her model of the thermodynamic properties of complex minerals. She has also contributed to the scientific understanding of meteorite impacts.
Kieffer is currently a Professor of Geology and a Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she holds a Charles R. Walgreen, Jr. Chair. She is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a 1995 MacArthur Fellow.

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Susan Mango
Susan E. Mango is an American biologist, and H.A. and Edna Benning Professor of Oncological Sciences at University of Utah, and professor Harvard University. She is the director of the Mango lab.
She graduated from Harvard University, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. She had a postdoctoral research fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
She and her team study the cells of the worm C. elegans, to observe how a cell transforms from a pluripotent state, into a particular cell type. Her articles have been published in Nature,Science,Cell, and PLoS Biology.

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Susan McClary
Susan McClary (born 2 October 1946) is a musicologist associated with the "New Musicology". Noted for her work combining musicology and a feminist music criticism, McClary is Professor of Musicology at Case Western Reserve University.

McClary was born in St Louis, Missouri and received her BA in 1968 from Southern Illinois University. She attended graduate school at Harvard University where she received her MA in 1971 and her PhD in 1976. Her doctoral dissertation was on the transition from modal to tonal organization in Monteverdi's works. The first half of her dissertation was later re-worked and expanded in her 2004 book, Modal Subjectivities: Self-fashioning in the Italian Madrigal. Before becoming Professor of Music at UCLA in 1994, she taught at the University of Minnesota (1977–91) and McGill University (1991–94). She is also a professor at the University of Oslo. McClary is married to the musicologist Robert Walser.
One of her best known works is Feminine Endings (1991; ISBN 0-8166-4189-7). ("Feminine ending" is a musical term once commonly used to denote a weak phrase ending or cadence.) The work covers these topics:

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Susan Meiselas
Susan Meiselas (born 1948) is an American documentary photographer. She has been associated with Magnum Photos since 1976 and a full member since 1980. Her works have been published in newspapers and magazines including The New York Times, The Times, Time, Geo and Paris Match. She received the Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1979 and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1992.
Meiselas was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She attended junior high school in Woodmere, New York. She earned her BA at Sarah Lawrence College and an MA in visual education at Harvard University. She received a Honorary Doctorates in Fine Arts from the Parsons School in 1986 and from The Art Institute of Boston in 1996.
After earning her degree from Harvard, she worked as an assistant film editor on the Frederick Wiseman documentary, Basic Training. From 1972 to 1974 she worked for New York public schools, running workshops for teachers and children in the Bronx and designing photography curriculum for 4th-6th graders. She also worked for the State Arts Commissions of South Carolina and Mississippi setting up photography programs in rural schools. She also worked as a consultant for Polaroid and the Center for Understanding Media in New York City.

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Susan Sontag
Susan Sontag (/ˈsɒntɑːɡ/; January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American essayist, literary icon, and political activist whose works include On Photography, Against Interpretation, The Way We Live Now, and Regarding the Pain of Others.
Sontag, born Susan Rosenblatt, was born in New York City to Jack Rosenblatt and Mildred Jacobsen, both Jewish. Her father managed a fur trading business in China, where he died of tuberculosis in 1939, when Susan was five years old. Seven years later, her mother married Nathan Sontag. Susan and her sister, Judith, were given their stepfather's surname, although he never adopted them formally. Sontag did not have a religious upbringing. She claimed not to have entered a synagogue until her mid-twenties.

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Susan Stewart (poet)
Susan Stewart (born in 1952) is an American poet, university professor and literary critic.
Professor Stewart holds degrees from Dickinson College (B.A. in English and Anthropology), the Johns Hopkins University (M.F.A. in Poetics) and the University of Pennsylvania (Ph.D. in Folklore). She teaches the history of poetry, aesthetics, and the philosophy of literature, most recently at Princeton University.
Her poems have appeared in many journals including: The American Poetry Review, The Paris Review, Poetry, Tri-Quarterly, Gettysburg Review, Harper's, Georgia Review, Ploughshares, and Beloit Poetry Journal.
In the late 2000s she collaborated with composer James Primosch on a song cycle commissioned by the Chicago Symphony that premiered in the fall of 2009. She has served on the judging panel of the Wallace Stevens Award on six occasions.
In 2005 Professor Stewart was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Suzan-Lori Parks
Suzan-Lori Parks (born 10 May 1963) is an African American playwright and screenwriter. She received the MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant in 2001, and the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for her play, Topdog/Underdog.
Parks was born in Fort Knox, Kentucky into a military family. She spent part of her childhood in Germany and "attended German high school instead of the English speaking school for military children. The experience, in addition to teaching her the fundamentals of language, showed Parks what it feels like to be neither white nor black, but simply foreign."
She eventually returned to the United States and graduated from The John Carroll School in 1981. She later attended and graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1985 with a B.A. in English and German literature (cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa).
Parks noted in an interview that her name is spelled with a "Z" as the result of a misprint early in her career:
Parks would credit the impact of Mount Holyoke on her career later in life. While she was an undergraduate, her Mount Holyoke English professor Mary McHenry introduced Parks to Five Colleges faculty member James Baldwin. Parks began to take classes with Baldwin and, at his behest, began to write plays. Parks also noted that she was inspired by Wendy Wasserstein, a 1971 Mount Holyoke graduate who won the Pulitzer in 1989 for her play The Heidi Chronicles. Parks also credited another Mount Holyoke professor, Leah Blatt Glasser, with her success.

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Sven Haakanson
Sven Haakanson, Jr. (born 1967 Old Harbor, Alaska) is an American anthropologist, and the Executive Director of the Alutiiq Museum in Kodiak, Alaska. He graduated from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, with a bachelor's in English in 1992, and from Harvard University with a Ph.D. in Anthropology. Since 2002, he serves on the Alaska Native Science Commission. He appears in the film Grizzly Man.
He is married to Balika; they have a daughter, Eilide.

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Sylvia A. Law
Sylvia A. Law is the Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Law, Medicine and Psychiatry and the Co-Director of the Arthur Garfield Hays Civil Liberties Program at New York University School of Law.
Law was born in Minnesota in 1942 and attended public schools in Minnesota, South Dakota and Montana. She earned her B.A. (1964) from Antioch College, and her J.D. (1968) from New York University School of Law.
For three decades, Law has been one of the nation's leading scholars in the fields of health law, women's rights, poverty, and constitutional law. She has played a major role in dozens of civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court and in lower state and federal courts, and has testified before Congress and state legislatures on a range of issues. In 1984, Law became the first lawyer in the United States selected as a MacArthur Prize Fellow. She has been active in the Society of American Law Teachers, served as president of the organization from 1988-1990 and was honored by the organization as Law Teacher of the Year in 2001. In 2004, Prof. Law was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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T. M. Scanlon
Thomas Michael ("Tim") Scanlon (born 1940) is the Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Harvard University's Department of Philosophy. He has been awarded a MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant. He grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana; earned his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard under Burton Dreben; studied for a year at Oxford University on a Fulbright Scholarship; and taught for many years at Princeton University, where he had been an undergraduate student.
His dissertation and some of his first papers were in mathematical logic, where his main concern was in proof theory, but he soon made his name in ethics and political philosophy, where he developed a version of contractualism in the line of John Rawls, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Scanlon has also published important work on freedom of speech, equality, tolerance, foundations of contract law, human rights, conceptions of welfare, theories of justice, as well as on foundational questions in moral theory.

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Tara Donovan
Tara Donovan (b. 1969, New York) is an American artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. She is known for site-specific installation art that utilizes everyday materials whose form is in keeping with generative art.
Tara Donovan grew up in Nyack, New York. Her studies began at the School of Visual Arts, New York in 1987-88. Donovan received her BFA at the Corcoran College of Art and Design, Washington, D.C. in 1991, and earned her MFA at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in 1999 when she received her first interview in Articulate Contemporary Art Review. Before attending VCU, Donovan tended bar and waited tables for six years, and didn't quit her day job until 2003, when her first New York solo show, at the Ace Gallery (when it had a branch in New York), proved a breakout success.
Tara Donovan has been represented by The Pace Gallery, New York since 2005 and by Stephen Friedman Gallery, London since 2007.
Donovan's work uses everyday manufactured materials such as Scotch tape, Styrofoam cups, and drinking straws to create large scale sculptures that often have a biomorphic quality. Her sculptures must be assembled and disassembled carefully, which sometimes involves an extremely tedious process. With regards to her artistic process, Donovan explained that she chooses the material before she decides what can be done with it. She noted in an interview that she thinks "in terms of infinity, of [the materials] expanding."

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Taylor Branch
Taylor Branch (born January 14, 1947, in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American author and historian best known for his award-winning trilogy of books chronicling the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. and some of the history of the American civil rights movement. The third and final volume of the 2,912-page trilogy — collectively called America in the King Years — was released in January 2006. Branch lives in Baltimore, Maryland, with his wife, Christina Macy, and their two children, Macy (born 1980) and Franklin (b. 1983).
Branch graduated from The Westminster Schools in Atlanta in 1964. From there, he went to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on a Morehead Scholarship. He graduated in 1968 and went on to earn an M.P.A. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1970.
He was a lecturer in politics and history at Goucher College from 1998 to 2000.
Branch served as an assistant editor at The Washington Monthly from 1970 to 1973; he was Washington editor of Harper's from 1973 to 1976; and he was Washington columnist for Esquire Magazine from 1976 to 1977. He also has written for a wide variety of other publications, including The New York Times Magazine; Sport; The New Republic; and Texas Monthly.

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Ted Ames
Ted Ames (born 1940) is a Maine fisherman, and hatchery director of Penobscot East Resource Center. He graduated from the University of Maine with a master's degree in biochemistry. He mapped the fish spawning grounds over time showing a loss of productive grounds. He is currently a Scholar-in-Residence at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine.

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Terence Tao
Terence "Terry" Chi-Shen Tao FRS (simplified Chinese: 陶哲轩; traditional Chinese: 陶哲軒) (born 17 July 1975, Adelaide), is an Australian born American mathematician working in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, combinatorics, and analytic number theory. He currently holds the James and Carol Collins chair in mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was one of the recipients of the 2006 Fields Medal.
Tao was a child prodigy, one of the subjects in the longitudinal research on exceptionally gifted children by education researcher Miraca Gross. His father told the press that at the age of two, during a family gathering, Tao attempted to teach a 5-year-old child Arithmetic and English. According to Smithsonian Online Magazine, Tao could carry out basic arithmetic by the age of two. When asked by his father how he knew numbers and letters, he said he learned them from Sesame Street. Aside from English, Tao speaks Cantonese, but does not write Chinese.

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Teresita Fernandez
Teresita Fernández (born Miami, 1968) is a contemporary sculptor and artist based in New York. A recipient of the 2005 MacArthur Foundation "Genius Fellowship", Fernández's work is characterized by an interest in perception and the psychology of looking. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2003 and the Louis Comfort Tiffany Biennial Award in 1999. She is represented by the Lehmann Maupin Gallery in New York City.
Fernández graduated from Southwest Miami high school in 1986. She received her Bachelor of Fine Arts from Florida International University in 1990 and her Masters of Fine Art from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1992. She has had numerous major solo exhibitions including the Corcoran Gallery, Washington DC; ICA, Philadelphia; Castello di Rivoli, Turin; Museo de Arte Contemporaneo, Malaga; Miami Art Museum, Miami; Site Santa-Fe; USF Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa; and The Blanton Museum, Austin.
She has done many artists residencies including Arcus Project, Japan; Artpace, San Antonio; The American Academy in Rome; the Marie Walshe Sharpe Space Program, New York; and the Singapore Tyler Print Institute.

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Terry Belanger
Terry Belanger is the founding director of Rare Book School (RBS), an institute concerned with education for the history of books and printing, and with rare books and special collections librarianship. He is University Professor Emeritus at the University of Virginia (UVa), where RBS has its home base. Between 1972 and 1992, he devised and ran a master's program for the training of rare book librarians and antiquarian booksellers at the Columbia University School of Library Service. He is a 2005 MacArthur Fellow.
Born in 1941, Belanger attended public schools in Bristol, Connecticut. He has degrees from Haverford College (A.B., 1963) and from Columbia University (M.A., 1964; Ph.D., 1970), where he studied under James L. Clifford, Allen T. Hazen, and John H. Middendorf. Between 1966 and 1971, while working on his dissertation on aspects of the 18th-century London book trade, he taught advanced prose composition courses at the Columbia University School of General Studies, an activity leading to the 1972 publication of The Art of Persuasion, a writing manual co-authored with J. Steward LaCasce. While in England on a Columbia traveling fellowship in 1968–69, he revised the book production sections of the 18th-century volume of the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL), working with Graham Pollard, who had compiled the original sections for the first edition of CBEL, published in 1940. With Jane Marla Robbins, he co-authored and co-directed a one-character play starring Robbins called Dear Nobody, based on the life of the 18th-century diarist and novelist, Fanny Burney. The play ran Off-Off-Broadway in 1968; it later had a five-months' Off-Broadway run at the Cherry Lane Theatre in 1974.

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Theodore Rosengarten
Theodore Rosengarten (born December 17, 1944) is an American historian.
He graduated from Amherst College in 1966 with a BA, and earned his PhD from Harvard University with a dissertation on Ned Cobb (1885–1973), a former Alabama tenant farmer. Subsequently he developed his interviews with Cobb as a kind of "autobiography", All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw (1974), which won the U.S. National Book Award in category Contemporary Affairs.
About fifteen years later, All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw was adapted and produced as a one-man play starring Cleavon Little at the Lamb's Theater in New York City.

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Theodore Zoli
Theodore P. Zoli, III is an American structural engineer, and a leading designer of cable-stayed bridges. He is currently the National Bridge Chief Engineer at HNTB Corporation and is a 2009 MacArthur Fellow. In 2012, he received the Award of Excellence from Engineering News-Record (formerly the Man of the Year award).
Zoli graduated from Princeton University with a B.S. in 1988, and from the California Institute of Technology with an M.S. in 1989. Since 1990, he has worked for HNTB Corporation. He is also a visiting lecturer at Princeton University and Adjunct Professor of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at Columbia University.
In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, Zoli has focused on the retrofit of bridges across the United States. He developed a novel composite material for lightweight, blast-resistant coverings for a broad array of construction applications. Most recently, Zoli designed the new Lake Champlain Bridge connecting New York to Vermont, replacing an older structure. The unique segmented arch design has garnered praise from local users who were kept in the design loop throughout the conceptual phase.^{[citation needed]}

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Thomas C. Holt
Thomas Cleveland Holt (born November 30, 1942) is James Westfall Thompson Professor of American and African American History at the University of Chicago; he has produced a number of works on the people and descendants of the African Diaspora.
He taught at Howard University, Harvard University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Michigan. HE was born in Danville, Virginia.
A past president of the American Historical Association, Holt was a Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars from 1987 to 1988. Holt became a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 1990. In 1994, President Bill Clinton named Holt to the National Council on Humanities. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003. Holt was a Citigroup Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin, Germany, for fall 2008. Holt was awarded the Southern Historical Association's Charles S. Sydnor Prize for his first book, Black Over White.

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Thomas Daniel
Thomas Daniel is an American biologist, Joan and Richard Komen Endowed Chair of Biology at University of Washington, and leads the Daniel Lab.
He graduated from the University of Wisconsin with a BS and MS, and from Duke University with a PhD, where he studied with Steven Vogel and Stephen Wainwright. He was the Bantrell Postdoctoral Fellow in Engineering Sciences at California Institute of Technology where he studied with Ted Wu until 1984.

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Thomas G. Palaima
Thomas G. Palaima (born October 6, 1951) is a Mycenologist, the Raymond F. Dickson Centennial Professor and the founding director of the Program in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory (PASP. ) in the Department of Classics at the University of Texas at Austin.
Palaima was born in Cleveland, Ohio.
He received his B.A. from Boston College in Mathematics and Classics (1973) and a Ph.D. in Classics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1980).
Palaima received a MacArthur fellowship 1985-90 for work on Aegean scripts and an honorary doctorate from the University of Uppsala in 1994. In this area of research he has focused on palaeography, scribal systems, and using the Linear B tablets to approach answers to questions about many aspects of how people lived in Greek prehistory.
His other interests include writing public intellectual commentaries (well over 200 since 1999 ), reviewing books on a broad range of subjects ancient and modern , and doing research, writing, teaching and public lecturing on how human beings, in groups or individually, create responses to the experience, direct or indirect, of war and violence. He also has done outreach teaching, including work with providing poverty-level adults the opportunity to return to higher education through an innovative program focusing on teaching the humanities.

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Thomas Pynchon
Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. (born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. He is a MacArthur Fellow noted for his dense and complex novels, and both his fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, styles and themes, including (but not limited to) the fields of history, science, and mathematics. For his most praised novel, Gravity's Rainbow, Pynchon won the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and is regularly cited as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Hailing from Long Island, Pynchon served two years in the United States Navy and earned an English degree from Cornell University. After publishing several short stories in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he began composing the novels for which he is best known: V. (1963), The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), Gravity's Rainbow (1973), and Mason & Dixon (1997). Pynchon is also known for being very private; very few photographs of him have ever been published, and rumors about his location and identity have circulated since the 1960s.

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Thomas Whiteside
Thomas Whiteside (April 21, 1918 – October 6, 1997) was an American journalist.
Born in Berwick-Upon-Tweed, Whiteside studied at the University of Chicago. During World War II, he worked for the Office of War Propaganda, compiling reports on Axis propaganda. His work appeared in the Newsweek, The New Republic, and The New Yorker. He was instrumental in publicizing the damage of Agent Orange. He died in West Cornwall, Connecticut in 1997.

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Tim Berners-Lee
Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA (born 8 June 1955), also known as "TimBL", is an English computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989 and on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.
Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is a director of The Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI), and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.
In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work. In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences.

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Tina Rosenberg
Tina Rosenberg (born April 14, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American journalist and the author of three books. For one of them, The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism (1995), she won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the National Book Award for Nonfiction.
As a youth outside Lansing, Michigan, Rosenberg was active in her synagogue and regional Jewish youth groups, including a 1976–1977 term as Songleader for Michigan State Temple Youth. She earned her Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Northwestern University. In 1987 she won a MacArthur Fellowship, which she used to move to South America. Her experiences there led to her first published book, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America (1991).
Rosenberg's work has appeared in The New Republic, The New Yorker, and The Washington Post. She is a fellow at the World Policy Institute and an editorial writer for The New York Times who frequently writes for The New York Times Magazine.
Her latest book is Join the Club: How Peer Pressure Can Transform the World (2011).

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Toba Khedoori
Toba Khedoori (born 1964) is an Australian-born artist of Iraqi heritage, known primarily for highly-detailed mixed-media paintings executed on large sheets of wax-coated paper. Khedoori's works often fill the spectator's entire field of vision; a 'typical' Khedoori painting combines elements of drawing, painting, and art installation. Some of Khedoori's best-known paintings feature architectural renderings surrounded by a vast expanse of white or blank space. In recent years, Khedoori has incorporated natural imagery and landscape into her work.
Khedoori was born in Sydney and raised in Australia, and currently lives and works in Los Angeles, California. She received her MFA from UCLA in 1994. She is the identical twin sister of artist Rachel Khedoori, and the sister-in-law of the late artist Jason Rhoades.
Toba Khedoori is represented by Regen Projects, Los Angeles and David Zwirner, New York.
Khedoori began exhibiting in 1993, and was shown early in her career at the 1995 Whitney Biennial exhibition.[1] Khedoori has since had solo exhibitions at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in the St. Louis Art Museum, the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, and the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington D.C., among others. Khedoori's work is in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of Art in New York, as well as the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Her work will be included in the 53rd International Venice Biennale, Venice 2009.

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Todd Martinez
Todd J. Martínez is a David Mulvane Ehrsam and Edward Curtis Franklin Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University and a Professor of Photon Science at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. He received his B.S . from Calvin College in 1989 and his Ph.D. from UCLA in 1994. He was a Fulbright Fellow at the Fritz Haber Institute for Molecular Dynamics at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel and a University of California Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow at UCLA for two years prior to joining the faculty at the University of Illinois in 1996. He was named a Gutgsell Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois in 2006. He joined the Stanford faculty in 2009.
Professor Martínez is a theoretical chemist whose research focuses primarily on developing first-principles approaches to chemical reaction dynamics, starting from the fundamental equations of quantum mechanics. He is particularly interested in electronically excited states and the response of molecules to light. Reactions of electronically excited molecules often involve conical intersections, around which the potential energy surfaces have the shape of intersecting cones. He developed a method known as ab initio multiple spawning, or AIMS, which predicts the dynamic evolution of systems having conical intersections. He has created models for photoinduced isomerization in retinal, which represents the biophysical basis for vision. He has also shown how videogame hardware, especially graphical processing units (GPUs), can be used to accelerate quantum chemistry simulations.

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Tommie Lindsey
Tommie Lindsey (born September 28, 1951 Oakland, California) is a Forensics coach, at James Logan High School.
He graduated valedictorian from the University of San Francisco in Communication Arts and Social Science. He would later on receive an honorary PhD from the University of San Francisco for "Visionary Leadership". 40 percent of students at Logan High School go to college: 90 percent of his forensics students do.
He was married to Lois Bailey Lindsey; they have two children, a daughter, Erika and a son, Terence.

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Trisha Brown
Trisha Brown (25 November 1936, Aberdeen, Washington, U.S.) is a postmodernist American choreographer and dancer.
Brown was born in Aberdeen, Washington, and received a B.A. degree in dance from Mills College in 1958. Brown later received a D.F.A. from Bates College in 2000. For several summers she studied with Louis Horst at the American Dance Festival, then held at Connecticut College. After moving to New York in 1961, Brown trained with dancer Anna Halprin and became a founding member of the avant-garde Judson Dance Theater in 1962. There she worked with experimental dancers Yvonne Rainer and Steve Paxton. In 1970 she cofounded the Grand Union, an experimental dance collective, and formed the Trisha Brown Dance Company. Her company soon became one of the leading contemporary dance ensembles. Brown received a MacArthur Foundation “genius” grant in 1991.

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Twyla Tharp
Twyla Tharp (born July 1, 1941) is an American dancer and choreographer, who lives and works in New York City.
Tharp was born in 1941 on a farm in Portland, Indiana, and was named after Twila Thornburg, the "Pig Princess" of the 89th Annual Muncie Fair in Indiana.
When Tharp was a young child she spent a few months each year living with her Quaker grandparents on their farm in Indiana. In 1950 Tharp's family—younger sister Twanette, twin brothers Stanley and Stanford, mother Lecile and father William—moved to Rialto, California. Her parents opened a drive-in movie theater, where Tharp worked from the time she was 8 years old. The drive-in was on the corner of Acacia and Foothill, the major east–west artery in Rialto and the path of Route 66. She attended Pacific High School in San Bernardino and studied at the Vera Lynn School of Dance. Tharp, a "devoted bookworm," admits that this schedule left little time for a social life. Tharp attended Pomona College in California but later transferred to Barnard College in New York City, where she graduated with a degree in Art History in 1963. It was in New York that she studied with Martha Graham and Merce Cunningham. In 1963 Tharp joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company.

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Unita Blackwell
Unita Blackwell (born 18 March 1933) is an American civil rights activist who was the first African-American woman, and the tenth African-American, to be elected mayor in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Blackwell was a project director for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and helped organize voter drives for African-Americans across Mississippi. She is also a founder of the US China Peoples Friendship Association, a group dedicated to promoting cultural exchange between the United States and China. Barefootin', Blackwell's autobiography published in 2006, charts her activism.
Unita Blackwell was born on 18 March 1933 in Lula, Mississippi to sharecroppers Virda Mae and Willie Brown. Blackwell's uncle gave her the name U.Z., which she kept until she was in the sixth grade when her teacher told her that she needed "a real name, not just initials". Blackwell and her teacher decided on Unita Zelma.
Blackwell and her parents lived in Lula, until 1936 when she was three years old; Blackwell's father left the plantation on which he worked, and fled to Memphis, Tennessee, fearing for his life after he confronted his boss about speaking to his wife. Soon afterwards, Blackwell and her mother left the plantation to live with him. On June 20, 1938 Blackwell's parents separated due to religious differences. Blackwell and her mother went to West Helena, Arkansas to live with Blackwell's great aunt so that she had the opportunity to receive an education. While living there, Blackwell often visited her father in Memphis. During the summer months she would leave West Helena and live with her grandfather and grandmother in Lula, where she helped plant and harvest cotton. She was 14 when she finished the eighth grade, the final year of school at Westside, a school in West Helena for black children.

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Valery Chalidze
Valery Chalidze (Georgian: ვალერი ჭალიძე; Russian: Валерий Николаевич Чалидзе, Valeriy Nikolayevich Chalidze) (born 1938) is a Georgian-American author, publisher, and the former Soviet dissident and human rights activist.

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Vamsi Mootha
Vamsi Mootha is an Indian-American physician-scientist and computational biologist. He holds the position of Professor of Systems Biology and Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He is also a Senior Associate Member of the Broad Institute.
He is a 2004 recipient of the Macarthur Foundation "genius award" for his contributions to mitochondrial biology and genomics. He received the 2008 Daland Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Investigation from the American Philosophical Society.
He received his BS in Mathematical and Computational Science from Stanford University in 1993 and his M.D. from Harvard University in 1998. He completed his internship and residency in internal medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and then pursued postdoctoral training at the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research.
He was raised in Beaumont, Texas.

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Ved Mehta
Ved Parkash Mehta (Born March 21, 1934) is a writer who was born in Lahore, British India (now a Pakistani city) to a Hindu family. He lost his sight at the age of four as the result of an attack of cerebrospinal meningitis. Because of the limited prospects for blind people in general, his father, a doctor, sent him over 1,300 miles away to the Dadar School for the Blind in Bombay.
He was educated at Pomona College, at Balliol College, Oxford where he read Modern History, and at Harvard University, where he earned a double BA and MA. While at Pomona, one of Mehta's student readers, because very few books were available in Braille at that time, was Eugene Rose, who went on to become the Russian Orthodox hieromonk Father Seraphim Rose. Mehta referred to him in two books, one of which was Stolen Light, his second book of memoirs: “I felt very lucky to have found Gene as a reader. ... He read with such clarity that I almost had the illusion that he was explaining things.”
Mehta has lived in the Western world since 1949; he became an American citizen in 1975. His first book, an autobiography called Face to Face, which placed his early life in the context of Indian politics and history and Anglo-Indian relations, was published in 1957. Since then he has written more than 24 books, including several that deal with the subject of blindness, as well as hundreds of articles and short stories, for British, Indian and American publications. He was a staff writer at The New Yorker from 1961 to 1994, during which time Spy magazine published a critical article about his misogynist attitude toward his assistants and writings that were frequently regarded as dull and self-indulgent. He left the magazine after, as he has claimed, he was "terminated" by editor Tina Brown.

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Victoria Foe
Victoria Elizabeth Foe (born 1945) is an American developmental biologist, and Research Professor at the University of Washington's Center for Cell Dynamics.
She graduated from University of Texas at Austin, where she studied with Hugh Forrest, and from University of Washington, where she studied with Charles Laird. Her work on drosophila is supported by an independent supporting grant, by the National Institutes of Health.
She married Dr. Michael Dennis, a neurophysiologist, they later divorced. She was involved in the women's movement, the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the anti-Persian Gulf War movement.

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Vija Celmins
Vija Celmins (b. October 25, 1938, Riga, Latvia) is an Latvian-American artist.
Vija Celmins immigrated to the United States with her family from Latvia when she was ten years old. She and her family settled in Indiana, where she enrolled in the Herron School of Art and Design. Celmins then attended graduate school at the University of California at Irvine, where she later taught drawing and painting in 1967. Celmins received international attention early in her career for her renditions of natural scenes, often painted from photographs.
She employs different media in her works, including oil paint, charcoal, pencil drawing, printmaking, and sculpture. Her works often incorporate shades of black, white and gray in place of colors, drawing inspiration from photographs that do not seem to have any discernible depth, central point or point of reference. Her early work includes oil paintings of lamps, soups, and heaters on different media.
Celmins' early work includes paintings of such commonplace objects as TVs, lamps, and black and white photographs. These works also share with Gerhard Richter's an apparent randomness and thus apparently dispassionate attitude. It is as if any photograph would do as a source for a painting, and the choice is apparently unimportant. This is of course not the case, but the work contains within it the impression that the image is chosen at random from an endless selection of possible alternative images of similar nature.

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Virginia Hamilton
Virginia Esther Hamilton (March 12, 1934 – February 19, 2002) was an award-winning author of children's books. She wrote 41 books, including M. C. Higgins, the Great, for which she won the U.S. National Book Award in category Children's Books and the Newbery Medal in 1975.
Named for her grandfather's home state, Virginia Hamilton grew up in Yellow Springs, Ohio. She attended Antioch College and then transferred to Ohio State University. She married the poet Arnold Adoff in 1960.
Hamilton's first book, as a child was "The Novel". In 1967, she published Zeely. Over the course of her career, Hamilton won numerous awards, including the Edgar Allan Poe Award, the Coretta Scott King Award, the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, and the Hans Christian Andersen Award.
The Virginia Hamilton Conference on Multicultural Literature for Youth has been held at Kent State University each year since 1984.
She died of breast cancer in 2002.

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Vivian Paley
Vivian Gussin Paley (born January 25, 1929) is an American pre-school and kindergarten teacher and early childhood education researcher. Now retired, she taught and did most of her research at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. She was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship (Genius Grant) and the author of numerous books.
Vivan Paley was born in Chicago, Illinois. After receiving her Ph.B. from the University of Chicago in 1947, and a B.A. in Psychology from Newcomb College in 1950, she began her teaching career in New Orleans in the 1950s, and later in Great Neck, New York. It was during her time teaching in New Orleans that she began to reflect on some of the ways in which childhood learning at the time was being choked by an overemphasis on strict learning boundaries (e.g., that children could only be allowed to learn how to write in capital letters, not lower-case) and perfunctory memorization.
While teaching in Great Neck, she began to reflect on how play can be the "most usable context" for interaction and intellectual growth among kindergartners. This view, however, flew in the face of what many early education teachers thought at the time, that with the rise of television's easily accessible portrayals of violence, children were becoming too intense and restless, and if anything, needed more vigilant limits on playtime. Many of her insights during this time laid the foundation for her later writings.

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Wafaa El-Sadr
Wafaa El-Sadr MD, MPH is director of the International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs (ICAP) and director of the Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiologic Research CIDER at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. El-Sadr also is professor of medicine and epidemiology at Columbia University.
From 1988 to 2008, El-Sadr led the Division of Infectious Diseases at Harlem Hospital Center, where she helped develop HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) program. She has led a number of research studies and grant-funded programs through funding from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Agency for International Development, Health Resources and Services Administration, New York State and New York City Departments of Health as well as private foundations.
Working with former dean of the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Allan Rosenfield, El-Sadr helped establish the MTCT-Plus initiative, a global program that aims to provide women and their families with HIV-related services. ICAP covers 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Walter Abish
Walter Abish (born December 24, 1931) is an Austrian-American author of experimental novels and short stories.
Abish was born in Vienna, Austria to Adolph and Frieda (Rubin). At a young age, his family fled from the Nazis, traveling first to Italy and Nice before settling in Shanghai from 1940 to 1949. In 1949, they moved to Israel, where Abish served in the army and developed an interest in writing. He moved to the United States in 1957 and became an American citizen in 1960. Since 1975, Abish has taught at several eastern universities and colleges. Abish received the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction in 1981 for his book How German Is It. He has also received a Guggenheim Fellowship and a MacArthur Fellowship, and sits on the contributing editorial board of the literary journal Conjunctions.
Abish is married to Cecile Gelb, a photographer and sculptor.
He served on the board of International PEN from 1982-1988. He was on the board of governors for the New York Foundation for the Arts. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998.

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Walter Kitundu
Walter Kitundu is a musical instrument builder, graphic artist, and musical composer from San Francisco, California.
Kitundu was born in Rochester, Minnesota and spent his early years in Tanzania. He returned to Minnesota from age 8 to 25, then moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in approximately 1998. He currently lives in the Western Addition neighborhood.
Described as a renaissance man, Kitundu is inventor of the "phonoharp", a stringed instrument incorporating a phonograph. After hearing the instrument, the Kronos Quartet hired Kitundu as their "instrument builder in residence". In addition to a phonoharp he also built a "phonoharp" for each of the quartet's members. For the song "Tèw semagn hagèré" on their 2009 album Floodplain, he created new instruments inspired by the begena, an Ethiopian 10-string lyre.
As of 2008 Kitundu is a "Multimedia Artist" with the Exploratorium, artist in residence at the Headlands Center for the Arts, and a Distinguished visiting professor of "Wood Arts" at the California College of the Arts.

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Wampanoag
Wampanoag people /ˌwɑːmpəˈnoʊ.æɡ/,Wôpanâak in the Wampanoag language, are a Native American tribe. Wampanoag people today are enrolled in two federally recognized tribes, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts, or four other tribes, recognized by the state of Masschusetts.
In the beginning of the 17th century, at the time of first contact with the English, the Wampanoag lived in southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, as well as within a territory that encompassed current day Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Their population numbered in the thousands due to the richness of the environment and their cultivation of corn, beans and squash. Three thousand Wampanoag lived on Martha's Vineyard alone.
From 1616 to 1619 the Wampanoag suffered an epidemic of what researchers now believe was leptospirosis, a bacterial infection also known as Weil's syndrome or 7-day fever. It caused a high fatality rate and nearly destroyed the society. Historians believe the losses from the epidemic made it possible for the English colonists to get a foothold in creating the Massachusetts Bay Colony in later years. King Philip's War (1675–1676) against the English colonists resulted in the deaths of 40 percent of the tribe. Most of the male survivors were sold into slavery in the West Indies. Many women and children were enslaved in New England.

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Wendy Ewald
Wendy Ewald (born in 1951) is an American photographer and educator.
Wendy Ewald was born in Detroit, Michigan, graduated from Phillips Academy in 1969 and attended Antioch College between 1969–74, as well as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she studied photography with Minor White. She embarked on a career teaching photography to children and young people internationally. In 1969 & 1970, she taught photography to Innu and Mi'kmaq Native-American children in Canada. Between 1976–80 she taught photography and film-making to students in Whitesburg, Kentucky, in association with Appalshop, a media co-op. In 1982, she traveled to Ráquira, Colombia on a Fulbright fellowship working with children and community groups; spending a further two years in Gujarat, India. Ewald is married to Tom McDonough, a writer and cinematographer. They live in the Hudson Valley of New York with their son, Michael.
Her work is directed toward "helping children to see" and using the "camera as a tool for expression". In recent years Ewald has produced a number of conceptual installations—for example, in Margate, England and in Amherst, Massachusetts -- making use of large scale photographic banners. Ewald was one of the founders of the Half Moon Photography Workshop in the East End of London; and in 1989 she created the "Literacy through Photography" programmes in Houston, Texas, and Durham, North Carolina. In 1992, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

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Wes Jackson
Wes Jackson (born 1936) is the founder and current president of The Land Institute. He is also a member of the World Future Council.
Jackson was born and raised on a farm near Topeka, Kansas. After earning a BA in biology from Kansas Wesleyan University, an MA in botany from the University of Kansas, and a PhD in genetics from North Carolina State University, Wes Jackson established and served as chair of one of the United States' first environmental studies programs at California State University, Sacramento.
Jackson then chose to leave academia, returning to his native Kansas, where he founded a non-profit organization, The Land Institute, in 1976. He still heads The Land Institute, which currently describes its main goal as the development of "Natural Systems Agriculture"; it also publishes The Land Report, a newsletter about American sustainable agriculture and agrarianism.
The Land Institute explored alternatives in appropriate technology, environmental ethics, and education, but a research program in sustainable agriculture eventually became central to its work. In 1978 Jackson proposed the development of a perennial polyculture. He sought to have fields planted in polycultures, more than one plant in a field, as in nature.

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Whitfield Lovell
Whitfield Lovell (born 1959 Bronx, New York) is a contemporary African-American artist who is known primarily for his drawings of African-American individuals from the first half of the twentieth century. Lovell creates these drawings in pencil, oil stick, or charcoal on paper, wood, or directly on walls. In his most recent work, these drawings are paired with found objects that Lovell collects at flea markets and antique shops.
Lovell is currently represented by DC Moore Gallery, New York, NY.
Whitfield Lovell was born on October 2, 1959 to Gladys Glover Lovell, an elementary school teacher from South Carolina, and Allister Lovell, a postal clerk and photographer of West Indian descent. He grew up in the Bronx and attended the Fiorella LaGuardia High School of Music and Art in Manhattan. During high school, he also participated in a variety of extracurricular art programs: the Metropolitan Museum of Art High School Program, the Whitney Museum Art Resources Center, the New York State Summer School for the Arts in Fredonia, New York, and the Cooper Union Saturday Program.

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William A. Christian
William A. Christian (1944-) is a religious historian, and was the J.E. and Lillian Byrne Tipton Distinguished Visiting Professor in Religious Studies at University of California, Santa Barbara.

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William C. Clark
William C. Clark (born 20 December 1948 in Greenwich, Connecticut) is an American ecologist and environmental policy analyst, and Harvey Brooks Professor of International Science, Public Policy and Human Development at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
He has recently^[when?] completed a large collaborative study on "Learning to Manage Global Environmental Risks".

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William Cronon
William 'Bill' Cronon (born September 11, 1954) is the Frederick Jackson Turner and Vilas Research Professor of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. As of January 2012 he is the President of the American Historical Association.
Born in New Haven, Connecticut, he obtained a D.Phil from Jesus College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. (1976–1978). Cronon holds a B.A. (1976) from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and an M.A. (1979), M.Phil. (1980), and Ph.D. (1990) from Yale University.
In July, 1985, Cronon was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. Cronon was Wayne Pacelle's advisor at Yale in the 1980's.
Cronon serves on the board of directors for The Trust for Public Land, a national land conservation group. He also sits on the governing council of the Wilderness Society.
A noted environmental historian, Cronon is best known as the author of Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (1983), based on a seminar paper he wrote for Edmund Morgan at Yale. In that book Cronon proposed that the way cultures conceptualize property and ownership is a major factor that affects economies and ecosystems, and that the Native Americans were active interveners in and shapers of the ecosystems in which they lived.

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William Gaddis
William Thomas Gaddis, Jr. (December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist. The first and longest of his five novels, The Recognitions, was named one of TIME magazine's 100 best novels from 1923 to 2005 and two others won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. A collection of his essays was published posthumously as The Rush for Second Place (2002).
Gaddis is one of the first and most important American postmodern writers. Because of their complexity and inventiveness in structure and style, his novels are often challenging to read; for example, his National Book Award winners J R and A Frolic of His Own are written almost entirely in dialogue form and without much description, which sometimes confuses which character is speaking. His books are also known for their extensive use of literary and cultural allusions, some of which are annotated in the The Gaddis Annotations.
Gaddis was born in New York City to William Thomas Gaddis, who worked "on Wall Street and in politics", and Edith Gaddis, an executive for the New York Steam Corporation. When he was 3, his parents separated and Gaddis was subsequently raised by his mother in Massapequa, Long Island. At age 5 he was sent to Merricourt Boarding School in Berlin, Connecticut. He continued in private school until the eighth grade, after which he returned to Long Island to receive his diploma at Farmingdale High School in 1941. He entered Harvard in 1941 and famously wrote for the Harvard Lampoon (where he eventually served as President), but was asked to leave in 1944, supposedly because of a drunken brawl, though the circumstances are unclear.^{[citation needed]} He worked as a fact checker for The New Yorker for little over a year (late February 1945 until late April 1946), then spent five years traveling in Mexico, Central America, Spain, France, England, and North Africa, returning to the United States in 1951.

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William H. Durham
William H. Durham is an American biological anthropologist, and Bing Professor in Human Biology, at Stanford University.
William Durham earned a B.A. at Stanford University, and graduated from the University of Michigan with a master’s and PhD.
He has studied the demography, genetics, and resource management of the San Blas Kuna of Panama, El Salvador and Honduras, and deforestation in Mexico, Central, and South America.
He is currently Editor of the Annual Review of Anthropology.

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Willie Reale
Willie Reale is an American playwright and lyricist who often works with his elder brother Robert Reale.
He had small acting roles in The Hudsucker Proxy, The Laser Man, Tales from the Darkside and The Burning. He is also one of the major creative forces behind the 2009 revival of The Electric Company.
Reale founded the 52nd Street Project in 1981, an organization that brings inner-city children together with professional theater artists to create works. He served as the artistic director for eighteen years and produced hundreds of plays with the Project, which has been replicated at twelve sites across the United States, using a series of publications called the Kid Theater Kit.
Reale is married to producer Jenny Gersten. They have two children, Augustus and Leonardo.
In June 1994, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in recognition of his ingenuity in creating theater and theater education programs for young people.

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Wilma Subra
Wilma Subra is an American environmental scientist.
She graduated from the University of Southwestern Louisiana, and from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in microbiology, chemistry and computer sciences. She worked for the Gulf South Research Institute (GSRI). She served as vice-chair of the EPA National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology (NACEPT), She is President of the Subra Company. She was in the 2010 documentary Gasland.

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Xiao Qiang
Xiao Qiang (Chinese: 萧强; pinyin: Xīao Qíang) is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of China Digital Times, a bi-lingual China news website, and an adjunct professor at the Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley. He is also the Principal Investigator of the Counter-Power Lab, an interdisciplinary faculty-student research group focusing on the intersection of digital media, counter-censorship technology and cyberactivism, based in the School of Information, UC Berkeley.
Xiao teaches classes Participatory Media/Collective Action and Blogging China at both the School of Information and the Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley. In Fall 2003, Xiao launched China Digital Times to explore how to apply cutting edge technologies to aggregate, organize, and recommend online information from and about China. In 2006, Xiao helped initiate and facilitate the Open Net Consensus forum - which started the process of developing global principles on freedom of expression and privacy and included Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and other global internet companies, as well as several universities and human rights and civil rights organizations and investors. This process led to the launch of the Global Network Initiative in October 2008.

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Xiaowei Zhuang
Xiaowei Zhuang (1972 - )(simplified Chinese: 庄小威; traditional Chinese: 莊小威) is an American biophysicist, National Academy of Sciences Members and Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Physics, at Harvard University. She is an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
In 1987, she graduated from the preparation class for Gifted Young College(少年班) of USTC in Suzhou High School. She graduated from University of Science and Technology of China with a B.S. in Physics, and from University of California, Berkeley with a Ph.D. in Physics. She was a Chodorow Postdoctoral Fellow, at Stanford University from 1997 to 2001. Since forming her own lab at Harvard, she has led a team of researchers to develop super resolution microscopy techniques, identify the entry mechanisms of individual virus particles into cells, and probe the nature of key nucleic acid-protein interactions using single-molecule techniques.

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Yiyun Li
Yiyun Li (李翊雲) (born 1972) is a Chinese American writer. Her debut short story collection A Thousand Years of Good Prayers won the 2005 Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award, and her second collection Gold Boy, Emerald Girl was shortlisted for the same award. Her debut novel The Vagrants was shortlisted for the 2011 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.
She was named a 2010 MacArthur Fellow. She is an editor of Brooklyn-based literary magazine, A Public Space.
Yiyun Li grew up in Beijing, China, and moved to the United States after earning a B.S. at Peking University in 1996. She earned an MS in immunology at the University of Iowa, an MFA in creative nonfiction from the Nonfiction Writing Program at the University of Iowa, and an MFA in fiction from the Iowa Writers' Workshop. Her stories and essays have been published in The New Yorker,The Paris Review, and Zoetrope: All-Story. Two of the stories from A Thousand Years of Good Prayers were adapted into 2007 films directed by Wayne Wang: The Princess of Nebraska and the title story, which Li adapted herself.

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Yoky Matsuoka
Yoky Matsuoka (born c. 1972) is a Vice President of Technology at Nest. Previously, she was an associate professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington (U.W.), director of that university's Neurobotics Laboratory, director of the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering and a 2007 MacArthur Fellow. Her research combines neuroscience and robotics--sometimes referred to by Matsuoka by the portmanteau "neurobotics"--to create more realistic prosthetics.
Matsuoka was born in Japan but grew up in California. In her youth, she was a "very good" tennis player, (once ranked 21st in Japan) but was eventually sidelined by injuries; her interest in robotics began with the idea of a robotic tennis player, which she later decided was unrealistic.
She received her B.S. degree in 1993 from the University of California, Berkeley and an M.S. (1995) and PhD (1998) in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
As of 2011, she has four children.

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Yvonne Rainer
Yvonne Rainer (born November 24, 1934, San Francisco) is an American dancer, choreographer and filmmaker, whose work in these disciplines is frequently challenging and experimental. Her work is sometimes classified as minimalist art.
Rainer was born in the Richmond district of San Francisco to parents, Joseph and Jeanette, who considered themselves radicals. As a child, she was sent to live at Sunnyside, a boarding institution in Palo Alto, with her older brother Ivan for several years. Her parents visited them each Sunday in their 1938 Pontiac Sedan. By 1941, she moved back with her parents at the age of seven to a new house in the Sunset that she describes as "an unfamiliar neighborhood of white protestant working class families." From the age of twelve, she had been "exposed to the heady commingling of poets, painters, writers, and Italian anarchists." She went to Lowell High, and after graduation, she attended San Francisco Junior College for a year, then Berkeley for a week. She dropped out of college by the end of September 1952.

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Jeanne Gang
Jeanne Gang 2011
Born	1964/1965 (age 47–48)^[1]
Alma mater	University of Illinois (B.S., 1986), Harvard University (M.Arch., 1993)
Awards	2011 MacArthur Fellow
Work
Buildings	Aqua, SOS Lavezzorio Community Center, Starlight Theatre (Rock Valley College), Media Production Center (Columbia College Chicago)
Projects	Marble Curtain (National Building Museum)

Persondata
Name	Gang, Jeanne
Alternative names
Short description	Architect
Date of birth	1964
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

Persondata
Name	Weilerstein, Alisa
Alternative names
Short description	American musician
Date of birth	1982
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

Chicago School of Economics
Born	(1977-06-04) June 4, 1977 (age 35) Daytona Beach, Florida
Nationality	American
Institution	Harvard University
Field	Social economics, political economics
Alma mater	Penn State (Ph.D. 2002) Texas–Arlington (B.A. 1998)
Influences	Tomas Sjöström Gary Becker Steven Levitt Glenn Loury
Awards	2011 MacArthur Fellow
Information at IDEAS/RePEc

Persondata
Name	Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	June 4, 1977
Place of birth	Daytona Beach, Florida
Date of death
Place of death

	Camille Saint-Saëns's "Le cygne" (The Swan) Weilerstein and Jason Yoder (marimba) perform Camille Saint-Saëns's "Le cygne" (The Swan) from The Carnival of the Animals at the White House Evening of Classical Music (2009-11-04) Camille Saint-Saëns's "Le cygne" (The Swan) Audio only
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Persondata
Name	Berry, Drew
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1970
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

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