Butane
IUPAC name Butane[1]
Identifiers
CAS number	106-97-8 Y
PubChem	7843
ChemSpider	7555 Y
UNII	6LV4FOR43R Y
EC number	203-448-7
UN number	1011
KEGG	D03186 Y
MeSH	butane
ChEBI	CHEBI:37808 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL134702 Y
RTECS number	EJ4200000
Beilstein Reference	969129
Gmelin Reference	1148
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES CCCC
InChI InChI=1S/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 Y Key: IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H10
Molar mass	58.12 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.48 mg mL−1 (at 15 °C)
Melting point	-140--134 °C, 133-139 K, -220--209 °F
Boiling point	-1-1 °C, 272-274 K, 30-34 °F
Solubility in water	61 mg L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P	2.745
kH	11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	−126.3–−124.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo298	−2.8781–−2.8769 MJ mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C	98.49 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards[2]
MSDS	External MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H220
GHS precautionary statements	P210
EU Index	601-004-00-0
EU classification	F+
R-phrases	R12
S-phrases	(S2), S16
NFPA 704	4 1 0
Flash point	−60 °C
Autoignition temperature	288°C
Explosive limits	1.8–8.4%
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Propane Isobutane Pentane
Related compounds	Perfluorobutane
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Butane is a gas with the formula C₄H₁₀ that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. The term may refer to either of two structural isomers, n-butane or isobutane (or "methylpropane"), or to a mixture of these isomers. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "butane" refers only to the n-butane isomer (which is the isomer with the unbranched structure). Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases. The name butane comes from the roots but- (from butyric acid) and -ane.

Isomers[link]

Common name	normal butane unbranched butane n-butane	isobutane i-butane
IUPAC name	butane	methylpropane
Molecular diagram
Skeletal diagram

Rotation about the central C-C bond produces two different conformations (trans and gauche) for n-butane.^[3]

Reactions[link]

When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.

2 C₄H₁₀ + 13 O₂ → 8 CO₂ + 10 H₂O

The maximum adiabatic flame temperature of butane with air is 2,243 K (1,970 °C; 3,578 °F).

n-Butane is the feedstock for DuPont's catalytic process for the preparation of maleic anhydride:

2 CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ + 7 O₂ → 2 C₂H₂(CO)₂O + 8 H₂O

n-Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination providing both 1-chloro- and 2-chlorobutanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. The relative rates of the chlorination is partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies, 425 and 411 kJ/mol for the two types of C-H bonds. The two central carbon atoms have the slightly weaker C-H bonds.

Uses[link]

Butane lighter in use

Butane lighter, showing liquid butane reservoir

The most common use of butane is as lighter fuel for a common lighter or butane torch.

Butane being sprayed from an aerosol spray can

Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping. When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, it is referred to commercially as LPG, for liquified petroleum gas. It is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants.

Very pure forms of butane, especially isobutane, can be used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone layer-depleting halomethanes, for instance in household refrigerators and freezers. The system operating pressure for butane is lower than for the halomethanes, such as R-12, so R-12 systems such as in automotive air conditioning systems, when converted to butane will not function optimally.

Cordless hair irons are usually powered by butane cartridges.^[4]

Effects and health issues[link]

Butane gas cylinder used for cooking

Inhalation of butane can cause euphoria, drowsiness, narcosis, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmia, temporary memory loss and frostbite, which can result in death from asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation. Butane is the most commonly misused volatile substance in the UK, and was the cause of 52% of "solvent related" deaths in 2000.^[5] By spraying butane directly into the throat, the jet of fluid can cool rapidly to −20 °C by expansion, causing prolonged laryngospasm.^[6] "Sudden sniffer's death" syndrome, first described by Bass in 1970,^[7] is the most common single cause of "solvent related" death, resulting in 55% of known fatal cases.^[6]

The paper "Emission of nitrogen dioxide from butane gas heaters and stoves indoors", from the American Journal of Applied Sciences, indicates that nitrogen dioxide, a toxic gas, results from burning butane gas, and represents a human health hazard from home heaters and stoves.

See also[link]

• Calor
• Camping Gaz
• Dimethyl Ether
• Volatile substance abuse

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Butane

• International Chemical Safety Card 0232
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• n-Butane Molecule of the Month
• World LP Gas Association (WLPGA)
• UKLPG Propane and Butane in the UK
• Global BioSciences In-Situ Bioremediation utilizing Butane

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2011)

Killer Mike
Performing in May 2008.
Background information
Birth name	Michael Render
Also known as	Killa Kill, Mike Bigga
Born	(1975-04-20) April 20, 1975 (age 37)
Origin	Atlanta, Georgia
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	rapper
Years active	2000–present
Labels	Grind Time Official/SMC/Grand Hustle
Associated acts	OutKast, T.I., El-P, Big Kuntry King, Bun B, Young Jeezy
Website	Killer Mike on Myspace

Michael Render (born April 20, 1975),^[1] better known by his stage name Killer Mike, is an American rapper, signed to Grind Time Official through the SMC/Fontana Distribution. He made his debut on "Snappin' and Trappin'" on OutKast's 2000 LP Stankonia, and also appeared on the Grammy-winning song, "The Whole World", the single from OutKast's greatest hits album Big Boi and Dre Present...OutKast. He was featured in the movies 20 Funerals, Idlewild, and ATL.

Career[link]

Killer Mike released his debut album, Monster, in 2003. The album's lead single was "Akshon (Yeah!)", which featured rap group OutKast on guest vocals, and was included on the soundtrack to the 2004 version of EA Sports popular video game Madden NFL. He even made a Madden '04 remix of "Akshon (Yeah!)" for the game. The album's second single was "A.D.I.D.A.S.", featuring Big Boi and Sleepy Brown, which peaked at #60 on the Billboard Hot 100. It is Killer Mike's highest charting single to date as a lead artist. The song's title was an acronym for "All day I dream about sex". Following the release of his own material, he appeared on "Flip Flop Rock" and "Bust" on the Speakerboxx half of Speakerboxxx/The Love Below. He also appeared on "Southern Takeover" with Pastor Troy on Chamillionaire's CD The Sound of Revenge. Killer Mike appeared on the song "Never Scared" by fellow rapper Bone Crusher, also with T.I., from AttenCHUN! It peaked at #26 on the Hot 100, becoming Mike's first top 40 hit. The song was also used on the Madden NFL 04 game and even by the Atlanta Braves for their 2003 season. His second album Ghetto Extraordinary has had its release date pushed back several times due to disputes between Big Boi and Sony Records.^[2]

Killer Mike has also performed as a voice actor. He played a rapper/actor, turned President of the United States, named Taqu'il in the Adult Swim cartoon Frisky Dingo. According to an article published in the June 2007 issue of XXL, Killer Mike addressed why he left the Purple Ribbon roster. He stated that he felt as if Purple Ribbon was the equivalent to the "Clippers," while he wanted to join the "Lakers."^{[citation needed]}

Days after T.I. addressed the rumor and confirmed that he and Killer Mike had been in talks about bringing Mike to his Grand Hustle imprint on Atlantic, Killer Mike confirmed to HipHopDX.com that he signed.^[3]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Singles[link]

As lead artist[link]

As featured performer[link]

Mixtapes[link]

• 2004: Home Alone Wit' Dat Crack
• 2006: The Killer^[19] (Hosted By DJ Sense)
• 2009: Anger & Ambition: The Best of Killer Mike (Presented By Trackstar the DJ & The Smoking Section) ^[20]
• 2011: Bang X 3

Guest Appearances[link]

• Chiddy Bang - Neighborhood (featuring Killer Mike)
• DJ Clue - "Funkanella" (OutKast, Killer Mike, and Slimm Calhoun)
• AK of (P$C) - "Razor Chop" (featuring Killer Mike) (prod. by Ribah)
• DarkBrown & Dru - "Ridin' Chevy's" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "Kryptonite (I'm On It)" (featuring Big Boi, Blackowned C-Bone, Killer Mike, and Rock D)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "Body Rock" (featuring Lil' Co, Killer Mike, and Donkey Boy)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "My Chrome" (featuring Big Boi & Killer Mike)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "Claremont Lounge" (featuring Bubba Sparxx, Killer Mike, and Cool Breeze)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "Ain't No Love" (Killer Mike freestyle)
• Purple Ribbon All-Stars - "Kryptonite (Remix)" (featuring Big Boi, Lil Wayne, Bubba Sparxxx, Remy Ma, Busta Rhymes, & Killer Mike)
• Bone Crusher - "It's On" (featuring Killer Mike & Trick Daddy)
• Bone Crusher - "Never Scared" (featuring Killer Mike & T.I.)
• Outkast - "The Whole World" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Bubba Sparxxx - "Miss New Booty (Remix)" (featuring Big Boi & Killer Mike)
• Bubba Sparxxx - "Sinners" (feauring Killer Mike, Bone Crusher & David Banner)
• Kool G Rap - "Real OGs" - (Featuring Killer Mike & Bun B)
• Jay-Z - "Poppin' Tags" (featuring Big Boi, Killer Mike & Twista)
• Chamillionaire - "Southern Takeover" (featuring Pastor Troy & Killer Mike)
• Talib Kweli - "Tryin' to Breathe" (featuring Midi Mafia & Killer Mike)
• Lil' Jon - "Back Off Now" (featuring Killer Mike & Papa Roach)
• Lil' Jon - "Da Jump Off" (featuring Killer Mike & 404 Soldierz)
• 8 Ball & MJG - "Runnin Out of Bud" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters Colon the Soundtrack - "Blam Blam"
• Jagged Edge - "Pour Out A Little Liquor" (featuring Killer Mike & Sosa)
• Paul Wall - "Dat's What Dat Is" (featuring Bun B, Killer Mike & H.A.W.K.)
• Youngbloodz - "Hustle" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Gucci Mane - "Black Tee (Remix)" (featuring Killer Mike, Jody Breeze, Bun B, Lil Scrappy, & Young Jeezy)
• No Doubt - "Hey Baby (Remix)" (featuring Outkast & Killer Mike)
• Ying Yang Twins - "What The F***!" (featuring Killer Mike & Bone Crusher)
• Ras Kass - "Put Ya Glass Out" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Lil Flip - "We Ain't Playin" (featuring Killer Mike, Baby D, & Pastor Troy)
• Da Backwudz - "Gettin 2 It"
• DJ Kay Slay - "Coast 2 Coast Gangstas" (featuring Sauce Money, Killer Mike, Bun B, WC, Joe Budden & Hak Ditty)
• Roccett - "LA 2 ATL" (featuring Killer Mike)
• BPT - "Dragon Ballin" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Balboa - "Hard" (featuring Akon, Killer Mike & Jody Breeze)
• Kavious - "In The Yo" (featuring Killer Mike)
• M.O.P. - "Push Back" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Young Buck - "Welcome To The South (Remix)" (featuring Bun B, Killer Mike & David Banner)
• Stat Quo - "More Problems" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Big Boi - "Oh No" (featuring Killer Mike & Bubba Sparxxx)
• SL Jones - "Superhead" (featuring Killer Mike, Gangsta Boo & Nario)
• Sly & The Family Stone - "Runnin Away" (featuring Big Boi, Killer Mike & Sleepy Brown)
• Trina - "Look Back At Me" (featuring Killer Mike)
• Bun B- "Some Hoes" (featuring Chino XL, Killer Mike & Bulletproof)
• Rehab - "Sleeping Giant" (Feat. Killer Mike)
• Chamillionaire - "Never" (Killer Mike Freestyle from Mixtape Messiah 4)
• Bobby Ray - "Say What You Want" (featuring Playboy Tre from B.o.B vs Bobby Ray Mixtape)
• Cunninlynguists - "Georgia (Remix)" (Feat. Killer Mike & Khujo Goodie)
• XV - "May The Force Be With You" (Feat. Killer Mike & Mac Miller) Prod by Seven
• Immortal Technique - "Civil War" (Feat. Killer Mike, Brother Ali & Chuck D)
• Yelawolf - "Slumerican Shitizen" (feat. Killer Mike)
• 2012: "Feet On The Ground" (Sonnie Carson featuring Killer Mike)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Killer Mike

• Killer Mike on Myspace
• Killer Mike at the Internet Movie Database

Killer Mike - stupidDOPE Interview