The kirpi is a small traditional hand weeding tool. It evolved in India as a multi-purpose gardening implement. The tool has a wooden handle and a curved blade. The cutting edge on the outside curve of the blade can be used for hand hoeing, while the serrated inside edge cuts through dead vegetation or tough roots. The pointed tip can be used for raking out deep roots.

References

Category:Gardening tools

name	10 Years
background	group_or_band
origin	Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
genre	Alternative metal, post-grunge
years active	1999–present
label	Universal Records
website	www.10yearsmusic.com
current members	Jesse HasekRyan "Tater" JohnsonLewis "Big Lew" CosbyBrian Vodinh
past members	Mike UnderdownAndy ParksMatt Wantland }}

10 Years is an American alternative metal band, formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999.

History

Early Years, ''Into the Half Moon'' (1999–2001)

10 Years was initially formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999 with singer Mike Underdown, drummer Brian Vodinh, bassist Lewis Cosby, and guitarists Ryan "Tater" Johnson (also of The American Plague) and Matt Wantland. In 2001, Cosby left and the band recruited Andy Parks on bass. They independently recorded ''Into the Half Moon'' the same year.

''Killing All That Holds You'', ''The Autumn Effect'' (2002–2006)

Lead vocalist Mike Underdown left the band to pursue a career in acting. 10 Years soon recruited current vocalist Jesse Hasek from another local band. In 2002, Parks decided to leave the band and Cosby returned. The band then released their independent album ''Killing All That Holds You'' in 2004.

10 Years was then signed to Universal Records in 2005 and released their major label debut, ''The Autumn Effect'' on August 16, 2005 with the songs "Wasteland" and "Through the Iris" picking up regional radio play. Their first single, "Wasteland" spent over 12 months on the rock charts, finally reaching #1 at active rock radio in December 2005.

That same summer, the band toured with Disturbed and Ill Niño. In the fall of 2005, they toured with Breaking Benjamin and Smile Empty Soul, then followed up with the Masters of Horror tour with Mudvayne and Sevendust. They opened for Korn and Mudvayne on Korn's ''See You on the Other Side'' tour. They also toured with Korn and Deftones on the Family Values Tour, which started in late July 2006.

In mid February 2006, "Wasteland" reached #1 on the ''Billboard'' Alternative Songs chart. "Wasteland" has been certified Gold by the RIAA.

In mid-2006, the band toured Australia in a lineup which included Hatebreed, Disturbed and Korn.

Their first music video, "Wasteland", addresses the social problem of human rights as well as addiction around the world. The video received a nomination for Best Direction and Best Art Direction at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, but did not win either.

On March 27, 2006, an EP was released on iTunes containing acoustic versions of "Wasteland" and other tracks from ''The Autumn Effect''.

''Division'' (2006–2008)

On November 19, 2006, 10 Years unveiled and confirmed the title "Division" for their second album. The band would begin recording Division in late June 2007 after spending the better part of a year writing.

Lewis told in an interview that the album is "so different from the first one [The Autumn Effect], but it's still 10 Years," and, "It just sounds like [the songs] would be from a totally different album, which was, you know, the goal." It was also revealed that the track titled "Focus" was co-written with Stone Temple Pilots and former Army of Anyone guitarist Dean DeLeo.

On May 21, 2007 a demo song titled "All Your Lies" from Division was released onto their MySpace along with a post stating the band had chosen producer Rick Parasher to produce the new album. On September 7, the band announced on their MySpace that the album was finished and would be released in 2008, following a tour with Dir En Grey, Sevendust, Operator, Thousand Foot Krutch and Chevelle.

On January 29, 2008, "Beautiful," the new single from Division, was released to iTunes and a snippet was also posted on the band's MySpace page. ''Division'' was released on May 13, 2008 after being pushed back due to finalization of the album's artwork.

10 Years was featured on the Revolution Stage of Linkin Park's Summer Projekt Revolution 2008 tour with Atreyu, Hawthorne Heights and Armor For Sleep.

They went on tour with Mudvayne until mid December 2008.

''Feeding the Wolves'' (2009–present)

10 Years announced that their upcoming third major label album would be entitled ''Feeding the Wolves''. The album was produced by Grammy-nominated producer Howard Benson and mixed by Chris "Lord" Alge. The band has mentioned the album is of their heaviest material to date and "very similar to some of their early songs."

Throughout the first half of 2010, the band went back and forth between putting on live shows and working in the studio. Before the album was released, the band debuted new songs at live performances such as "Dead in the Water", "Now is the Time", and the new album's first single "Shoot It Out".

On June 12, 2010, "Shoot It Out" was featured on Sirius/XM Radio. The track was released to radio later that month, and was made available for download on iTunes July 6. ''Feeding the Wolves'' was released on August 31, 2010.

To promote the album's release, the band opened Shinedown's 2010 Carnival of Madness summer tour alongside Chevelle, Puddle of Mudd, and Sevendust. In the fall they joined Sevendust again on the Hard Drive Live tour with support from Since October and Anew Revolution.

In December, the band went on a mini-headline tour, where they played some older songs that they had not played in some time. February 2011, their new single "Fix Me" releases to radio while they headline a spring tour with Hollywood Undead.

On June 17 and 18 the band shot a music video for "Fix Me" in Columbus, Ohio with production company Thunder Down Country. The video was released via YouTube on August 9, 2011.

Band members

Current

Jesse Hasek – Vocals (2002–present)

Ryan "Tater" Johnson – Guitar, Backing Vocals (1999–present)

Lewis Cosby – Bass (1999–present)

Brian Vodinh – Guitar, Backing Vocals (2009–present); Drums (1999–2009)

Matt Brown – Drums (2010–present)

Live

Sam Anderson – Drums (2010)

Kyle Mayer – Drums (2010)

Former

Mike Underdown – Vocals (1999–2001)

Matt Wantland – Guitar (1999–2009)

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions
		!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"	!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"
2001	''Into the Half Moon''	* Released: 2001	Compact Disc>CD
2004	''Killing All That Holds You''	* Released: 2004	Universal Records>Universal	* Format: CD
2005	''The Autumn Effect''	* Released: August 16, 2005	* Label: Universal Republic	* Format: CD
2008		* Released: May 13, 2008	* Label: Universal Republic	* Format: CD
2010		* Released: August 31, 2010	* Label: Universal Republic	* Format: CD

Extended plays

2006: ''Acoustic EP''

Singles

Year	Title	Peak chart positions	Album
!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"	!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"	!style="width:3em;font-size:75%"
2005
	"Through the Iris"
"Waking Up"
2009	"Actions & Motives"
2010	"Shoot It Out"
2011	"Fix Me"

References

External links

Official Site

Category:American post-grunge musical groups Category:Musical groups from Knoxville, Tennessee Category:Musical groups established in 1999 Category:Rock music groups from Tennessee Category:Musical quartets

de:10 Years es:10 Years fr:10 Years (groupe) it:10 Years lt:10 Years pl:10 Years pt:10 Years ru:10 Years

Name	Ike Turner
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Ike Wister Turner
Born	November 05, 1931Clarksdale, Mississippi, U.S.
Died	December 12, 2007San Marcos, California, U.S.
Spouse	FARY Taylor (?)Anna Mae Bullock (1962-78)Margaret Ann Thomas (1981-?)Jeanette Bazzell (1995-2007)Audrey Madison (?)
Instrument	Guitar, piano, vocals
Voice type	Bass
Genre	R&B;, funk, soul-blues, Memphis blues, rock and roll
Occupation	Musician
Years active	1951–2007
Associated acts	Tina Turner, The Ikettes, The Kings of Rhythm
Notable instruments	Fender Stratocaster }}

Ike Wister Turner (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, talent scout, and record producer. Considered to be one of the fathers of rock and roll, his first recording, "Rocket 88" by "Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats," in 1951, is considered by some to be the "first rock and roll song" ever. However, he is best known for his work with his then wife Tina Turner as one half of the Ike & Tina Turner revue. Spanning a career that lasted half a century, Ike's repertoire included blues, soul, rock, and funk. Alongside his former wife, he was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 and in 2001 was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Turner won two Grammy Awards. On August 5, 2010, Ike Turner was posthumously recognized by his Mississippi hometown. Clarksdale officials and music fans gathered to unveil two markers honoring Turner and his musical legacy. The unveilings coincided with the 23rd annual Sunflower River Blues and Gospel Festival, dedicated that year to "Rocket 88".

Biography

Turner was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, on November 5, 1931, to Beatrice Cushenberry (1909–1991), a seamstress, and Izear Luster Turner, a Baptist minister. Ike was the younger of two siblings, he had an elder sister, named Ethel May. Ike got his first taste of pleasing an audience at the age of eight working at the local Clarksdale radio station, WROX, located in the Alcazar Hotel in downtown Clarksdale. A man in charge of the station put Turner to work as he watched the record turntables. Said Turner:

Turner was soon carrying amplifiers for blues singer Robert Nighthawk, who often played live on WROX. Ike was mesmerized by Nighthawk's playing, but nothing could equal the experience of hearing Pinetop Perkins on piano for the first time. Growing up, his idol Pinetop Perkins helped teach the young Ike to play boogie-woogie on the piano. Ike soon was enamored of other blues artists such as Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson II (Rice Miller), Charley Booker, Elmore James, Muddy Waters and Little Walter

Many sources state Turner's real name to be "Izear Luster Turner, Jr." however, in his autobiography ''Takin' Back My Name'', it is stated as "Ike Wister Turner." In the book, Turner explains about this confusion. His father, Izear Luster Turner, was a minister for the local church. Turner had thought he was named Izear Luster Turner, Jr. after his father, until he found out that his name was registered as Ike Wister Turner while applying for his first passport. He never got to discover the origin of his name, as by the time he discovered it, his parents were both dead.

Music career

Ike Turner's actual music career began in earnest in the late 1940s when he formed a group he christened ''The Kings of Rhythm''. In 1951, the band recorded what some historians have called "the first rock and roll record", "Rocket 88", credited to "Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats". Brenston was both the band's saxophonist and the lead vocalist on the song, and on the original Chess release was listed as its writer. "Rocket 88" was produced at Sun Studio in Memphis by Sam Phillips. The record contained one of the first examples of guitar distortion, which happened by accident as a result of one of the amplifiers being dropped before the recording. The amplifier was sitting on top of a car which was occupied by a band member; when the band member got out and closed the door, the amplifier slid off and the speaker was punctured. The amplifier was brought inside and was fixed with a piece of paper and tape, which ended up creating the distortion. The amplifier stands in Sun Records in Memphis Tennessee today.

Ike and the Kings of Rhythm settled into local fame in St. Louis where the band locally recorded for a St. Louis label and even appeared on local television shows. Throughout this early period, Turner became a recording scout and A&R; man for independent record companies including Sun Records - where "Rocket 88" was recorded, helping the likes of Howlin' Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson, Elmore James and Otis Rush get signed. He also became a sideman playing guitar for these blues acts and more. Musically, Turner was known for his hard-hitting guitar style. He was known to put the whammy bar of his Fender Stratocaster to frequent use.

Turner's "Risin; With the Blues" was nominated for the 7th Annual Independent Music Awards for Blues Album of the year.

Tina Turner

Turner's music career changed drastically after meeting a teenage singer from Nutbush, Tennessee, named Anna Mae Bullock, who demandingly grabbed a microphone during a singing session at one of St. Louis' nightspots and sang a B. B. King song in her throaty, raspy voice. Bullock's performance impressed Ike so much he allowed her to join his band as a background singer. However within a year, Ike's plans for Bullock changed after she recorded what he originally stated was a demo for a song that was to be sung by a male vocalist. After hearing her vocals, he let it be released under an independent label and in the process changed the name of the singer from Anna Mae Bullock to Tina Turner - naming her after ''Sheena'' - and the name of the band to the ''Ike & Tina Turner Revue''. "A Fool in Love" became a national hit in early 1960, reaching the top three in the R&B; charts and becoming a top thirty pop hit in the process. From then until 1976, Ike and Tina Turner became one of the most explosive duos in rock and soul music. During this time Ike often wore conservative suits and had a large afro. The creation of the revue also led to the soul revues of the 1960s. Inspired by Ray Charles, Turner employed a trio of background singers, The Ikettes, who often had their moves choreographed by Ike and Tina. The Turners eventually scored several hit singles including Rose Marie McCoy's "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", the Phil Spector produced "River Deep - Mountain High", scorching covers of Sly & the Family Stone's "I Want To Take You Higher", Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Proud Mary", and the Tina Turner-penned "Nutbush City Limits" over thirteen years.

The success the duo contributed eventually led to the creation of the Los Angeles-based Bolic Sounds studio, founded by Ike. However, after Tina abruptly left Ike after a violent incident in 1976, Ike lost ground in the national music market. As a solo artist he struggled to find success without Tina, and later, found himself facing drug and weapons charges, of which he was convicted in 1989. He was released from prison in 1993. Ike was met at the prison gate by Jeanette Bazzell who later became his wife. With Jeanette's support, Ike enjoyed a long period of sobriety. Jeanette was instrumental in helping Ike rebuild his career. She replaced Tina as Ike's lead singer and eventually they toured the world playing many blues festivals. Ike received intense negative publicity due to his portrayal as a wife abuser in Tina's 1993 autobiographical movie ''What's Love Got to Do with It''. During this time he recorded two solo albums in his own studio, and he wrote his autobiography called ''Taking Back My Name''. He also re-recorded "I'm Blue (The Gong Gong Song)" in a duet style with Singer, Billy Rogers. The Ike Turner & Billy Rogers remake of the song "I'm Blue" as produced by Billy Rogers received very strong reviews from Billboard Magazine, Larry Flick, Singles Reviews published January 14, 1995.

In 2001, Ike released the Grammy-nominated ''Here & Now'' album. Three years later, he was awarded with a Heroes Award from the Memphis charter of NARAS. In 2005, he appeared on the Gorillaz' album, ''Demon Days'', playing piano on the track, "Every Planet We Reach Is Dead". In 2007, Ike won his first solo Grammy in the Best Traditional Blues Album category for the album, ''Risin' With the Blues'' which was mixed at Future Sound Studios by Rene Van Verseveld. Before his death, a collaboration between Turner and the rock band, The Black Keys, by Gorillaz' producer Danger Mouse was expected in 2008.

Personal life

Turner was married at least five times. He sometimes claimed to have been married thirteen times. Turner's first known marriage was to Lorraine Taylor, who had two sons with Ike. The facts surrounding his second known marriage, to Tina Turner (Anna Mae Bullock), have been hotly debated, along with the accusations of abuse. Their divorce was finalized in 1978. Ike married former Ikette Ann Thomas in the early 1980s. In 1995, he married blues singer Jeanette Bazzell after years of courtship. Ike and Jeanette divorced in 2001 but remained friends. Their relationship lasted longer than the Ike and Tina union. Ike still trusted Jeanette and relied on her. In 2006, he married long-time music collaborator Audrey Madison. Ike has six known children: sons Ike Jr. and Michael (with Lorraine Taylor) and Ronald (with Tina Turner), and daughter Mia (with Ann Thomas). Mia Turner was conceived and born during Ike's marriage to Tina in the late 1960s. Tina's son Craig (fathered by legendary saxophonist Raymond Hill) carries the Turner name. Ike also has two other daughters: Linda Trippeter, who is the eldest; and Twanna Turner Melby, who took him in after he was released from prison.

In the mid-1980s, Turner was convicted of drug-related charges and sentenced to several years in a California state prison. Ike and Tina were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1991, which Phil Spector accepted on their behalf.

In 2001, Turner's autobiography, ''Takin' Back My Name'', was published. In Tina Turner's 1986 autobiography, ''I, Tina'', later filmed as ''What's Love Got to Do with It?'' starring Laurence Fishburne as Ike and Angela Bassett as Tina, Tina accused Ike of violent spousal abuse, which Ike repeatedly denied for many years. However, in his 2001 autobiography Ike admitted, "Sure, I've slapped Tina... There have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking. But I have never beat her."

During his interview with NPR's Terry Gross on ''Fresh Air'', Ike claimed that he and Tina Turner were never married, and that she took his name in order to discourage a former lover from returning to her. On October 17, 2007, in an interview conducted by radio personality Howard Stern, Ike reiterated his claim that he and Tina Turner were never actually married.

Death

Turner died on December 12, 2007, at 76 years of age, at his home in San Marcos, California, near San Diego. He was found by his ex-wife Ann Thomas. Little Richard was asked by the family to speak at the funeral. On January 16, 2008 it was reported by the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office that Turner had died from a cocaine overdose. "The cause of death for Ike Turner is cocaine toxicity with other significant conditions, such as hypertensive cardiovascular disease and pulmonary emphysema," Supervising Medical Examiner Investigator Paul Parker told CNN.

Discography

1951: Rocket "88", recorded at Sam Phillips' studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on 3 or 5 March 1951 (Ike Turner and his band, the Kings of Rhythm; with Jackie Brenston, saxophonist and occasional singer, credited as writer)

1969: ''Ike Turner & the Kings of Rhythm: A Black Man's Soul''

1972: ''Ike Turner & the Family Vibes: Strange Fruit''

1994: ''I'm Blue (Gong Gong Song REMAKE (Ike Turner & Billy Rogers CD)''

1996: ''My Blues Country''

2001: ''Here and Now''

2007: ''Rising with the Blues''

Ike & Tina Turner

References

External links

Obituary (14 December 2007) at timesonline.co.uk

Category:1931 births Category:2007 deaths Category:African American musicians Category:American bandleaders Category:Memphis blues musicians Category:American blues pianists Category:American funk musicians Category:American record producers Category:American rhythm and blues guitarists Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters Category:American rock guitarists Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American soul musicians Category:American baritones Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees Category:Blues musicians from Mississippi Category:Chess Records artists Category:Cocaine-related deaths in California Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ike & Tina Turner members Category:Musicians from Mississippi Category:People from Clarksdale, Mississippi Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee Category:Rhythm and blues pianists Category:Soul-blues musicians Category:Sun Records artists Category:RPM Records artists Category:Flair Records artists Category:Sue Records artists Category:Tina Turner

bg:Айк Търнър cs:Ike Turner cy:Ike Turner da:Ike Turner de:Ike Turner es:Ike Turner eo:Ike Turner fr:Ike Turner ga:Ike Turner gl:Ike Turner id:Ike Turner it:Ike Turner lb:Ike Turner nl:Ike Turner ja:アイク・ターナー no:Ike Turner nn:Ike Turner oc:Ike Turner pl:Ike Turner pt:Ike Turner ru:Тёрнер, Айк sk:Ike Turner sr:Ајк Тарнер fi:Ike Turner sv:Ike Turner uk:Айк Тернер