James Bieri (b.1927) is a psychologist and biographer who introduced in 1955 the concept of cognitive complexity, derived from his doctoral study with George A. Kelly. Subsequently, integrating ideas from information theory and psychophysics, Bieri and his research team at Columbia University published a volume entitled Clinical and Social Judgment (John Wiley, 1966).

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After serving in the U.S. Navy, Bieri obtained his undergraduate degree from Antioch College (1950) and his Ph.D. at Ohio State University (1953). He held teaching positions at Harvard University (Department of Social Relations), Columbia University (School of Social Work), City University of New York (Brooklyn College), and the University of Texas at Austin, where he was Professor and Director of the Clinical Psychology Training Program.

Upon retirement, Bieri pursued his interest in English Romantic poetry and in 2005 published a two-volume biography of Percy Bysshe Shelley (University of Delaware Press, 2004 & 2005). A second edition of this work was published in 2008 by Johns Hopkins University Press.

References[link]

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James Woods
Woods at the 1995 Emmy Awards
Born	James Howard Woods (1947-04-18) April 18, 1947 (age 65) Vernal, Utah, US
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1970–present
Spouse	Kathryn Morrison (1980–83) Sarah Owen (1989–90)

James Howard Woods (born April 18, 1947) is an American film, stage and television actor. Woods is known for starring in critically acclaimed films such as Once Upon a Time in America, Salvador, Nixon, Ghosts of Mississippi, The Last Day of Summer, Casino, and in the television legal drama Shark. He has won three Emmy Awards, and has gained two Academy Award nominations. He is also well known for appearing several times in the comedy animated series Family Guy, as well as the voice of Hades in Disney's Hercules.

Early life[link]

Woods was born in Vernal, Utah. His father, Gail Peyton Woods, was an army intelligence officer who died in 1960^[1] following routine surgery. His mother, Martha A. (née Smith), operated a pre-school after her husband's death^[2] and later married Thomas E. Dixon.^[3] Woods grew up in Warwick, Rhode Island, where he attended Pilgrim High School.

Woods chose to pursue his undergraduate studies at MIT, where he majored in political science^[4] (though he originally planned on a career as an eye surgeon). While at MIT, Woods pledged to Theta Delta Chi Fraternity. He was also an active member of the student theatre group "Dramashop" where he both acted in and directed a number of plays. He dropped out of MIT 1969 before his graduation in order to pursue a career in acting.^[5] Woods has said that he became an actor because of the father of actor Ben Affleck, Tim Affleck, who was a stage manager at the Theatre Company of Boston while Woods was a student there.^[6]

Career[link]

Woods began his acting career in theatre,^[4] making his Broadway debut in 1970 at the Lyceum Theatre in the first US production of Frank McMahon's Borstal Boy. He returned to Broadway the following year portraying David Darst in Daniel Berrigan's The Trial of the Catonsville Nine. In 1971, he portrayed Bob Rettie in the American premiere of Michael Weller's Moonchildren at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The production moved to Broadway the following year and Woods won a Theatre World Award for his performance. He returned to Broadway in 1973 to portray Steven Cooper in the original production of Jean Kerr's Finishing Touches. Since then, he has worked regularly as an actor, producer, director, and writer for film and television.^[4] In 1975, he portrayed an arrogant high school drama teacher and debate team leader in the television sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter.

Woods is a prominent Hollywood character actor. He is known for his dark, intense characters, an early example being his portrayal of a sadistic murderer in 1979's The Onion Field,^[4] and serial killer Carl Panzram in 1994's Killer: A Journal of Murder. He appeared in an episode of The Rockford Files, playing a son whose parents were murdered and wanted James "Jim" Rockford to find the murderer. He was nominated for an Academy Award twice: the first, for Best Actor, for 1986's Salvador, and again in 1996, for Best Supporting Actor, for his performance as Byron De La Beckwith in Ghosts of Mississippi.^[4] He garnered critical praise for his voice work as Hades in Disney's Hercules.^[7] One of his favorite roles is Max, the domineering gangster, in Sergio Leone's epic film Once Upon a Time in America (1984).^[8]

In 1995, Woods took the role of pimp Lester Diamond in Martin Scorsese's Casino. That same year, he portrayed H. R. Haldeman in Nixon, the biopic of Richard M. Nixon, directed by Oliver Stone.

He was briefly considered for the role of The Joker by director Tim Burton and screenwriter Sam Hamm for the 1989 film Batman. Hamm recalls that he and Burton thought, "James Woods would be good and wouldn't need any makeup, which would save a couple of hours' work every morning." The role ended up going to Jack Nicholson.^[9] Quentin Tarantino wrote a part in Reservoir Dogs with Woods in mind, but Woods' agent rejected the script without showing it to the actor. When Woods learned of this some time later, he fired the agent.^[10][11] Woods was also considered for the part of Donald Kimball in American Psycho, but he turned it down. The part was given to Willem Dafoe.

Woods again lent his voice in Disney's 2001 animated comedy Recess: School's Out, as antagonist Phillium Benedict, the twisted former headmaster who attempts to abolish summer vacation. He also appeared as a fictional version of himself in the episode of The Simpsons entitled "Homer and Apu" and in five episodes of Family Guy entitled "Peter's Got Woods", "Back to the Woods", "Brian Griffin's House of Payne, "And Then There Were Fewer", and "Tom Tucker: The Man and His Dream". Woods also appeared in the Family Guy episode "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side" (a parody of The Empire Strikes Back), but not as himself. Other references in Family Guy include the local high school, James Woods High School, and a forest briefly mentioned in "The Fat Guy Strangler" named James Woods. In 2004, Woods played the character Jallak in the animated film Ark. In the movie Surf's Up, he voices the animated otter who recruits surfers and pits them against each other, and he voices the falcon in Stuart Little 2.

In 2006, Woods starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr. in the political thriller End Game. Also in 2006, Woods played himself in the premiere episode of Entourage's third season. He stars in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as Mike Toreno.

Woods also starred in the CBS legal drama TV series Shark, which ran for two seasons between 2006 and 2008. He played an infamous defense lawyer who, after growing disillusioned when his client commits a murder, becomes a successful prosecutor with the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office.

In 2011, Woods appeared as Richard S. Fuld, Jr., Chairman and CEO of Lehman Brothers, in HBO's Too Big to Fail, for which he gained an Emmy Award^[12] nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Mini-series or Movie.^[13]

Personal life[link]

During a press interview for Kingdom Hearts II, Woods noted that he is an avid video game player.^[14]

Woods is an active dealer of antiques in Rhode Island.^[15]

Poker[link]

Woods plays on the World Poker Tour in the Hollywood Home games for the American Stroke Association charity. In 2006, he finished in 24th place out of 692 at the L.A. Poker Classic for $40,000. Woods has shared an endorsement for the online poker website Hollywood Poker which is run in conjunction with Ongame Network, and "co hosted" with poker enthusiast Vince Van Patten. He plays poker at Hollywood Poker and contributes content to the website. James Woods is a "regular" at the Poker Room in Foxwoods Resort and Casino.

Lawsuits[link]

In 1988, Woods sued Sean Young for $2 million, accusing her of stalking him after they appeared together in the movie The Boost.^[16] Young later countered that he had overreacted after she had spurned his advances on set.^[17] The suit was settled out of court in 1989 when Woods paid Sean Young $250,000.^[18]

On July 26, 2006, Woods' younger brother, Michael Jeffrey Woods, died from cardiac arrest at the age of 49. James Woods sued Kent Hospital in Warwick, Rhode Island, alleging negligence. The suit was settled in 2009.^[19][20]

Activism[link]

Politics[link]

Woods was a vocal supporter of former U.S. President George W. Bush and the Iraq War, though he is still a registered Democrat.^[21] He is a particularly ardent^{[citation needed]} supporter of former Mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani. Woods lobbied hard to play Giuliani in the biopic Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story, and considers the role one of the favorites of his career.^[22] In 2008, Woods appeared in David Zucker's right-leaning comedy film An American Carol, along with Republican-leaning actors Kelsey Grammer, Dennis Hopper, and Jon Voight.

Woods's name was in an advertisement in the Los Angeles Times (August 17, 2006) that condemned Hamas and Hezbollah and supported Israel in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.^[23]

9/11[link]

In 2001, before the September 11 attacks, while on a commercial flight from Boston to Los Angeles in August, Woods claims to have noticed two men, who were later believed to be two of the 9/11 hijackers,^[24] and informed a flight attendant that he felt they were acting very suspiciously. He stated they never ate, drank, slept, or read during the flight, only whispered to each other. He filed an official report with the FAA about the incident.^[25] Woods has been interviewed several times by FBI agents regarding this incident.^[26]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: James Woods

• James Woods at the Internet Movie Database
• James Woods at the Internet Broadway Database
• James Woods at Emmys.com