John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer who usually used the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names, such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes. Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Wyndham was born in the village of Knowle in Warwickshire, England, the son of George Beynon Harris, a barrister, and Gertrude Parkes, the daughter of a Birmingham ironmaster.

His early childhood was spent in Edgbaston in Birmingham, but when he was eight years old his parents separated and he and his brother, the writer Vivian Beynon Harris, spent the rest of their childhood at a number of English preparatory and boarding schools, including Blundell's School in Devon during the First World War. His longest and final stay was at Bedales School in Hampshire (1918–1921), which he left at the age of 18, where he blossomed and was happy.

After leaving school, Wyndham tried several careers including farming, law, commercial art and advertising, but mostly relied on an allowance from his family. He eventually turned to writing for money in 1925, and by 1931 was selling short stories and serial fiction to American science fiction pulp magazines, most under the pen names of 'John Beynon' or 'John Beynon Harris', although he also wrote some detective stories.

World War II[link]

During the Second World War Wyndham first served as a censor in the Ministry of Information, then joined the army, serving as a Corporal cipher operator in the Royal Corps of Signals. He participated in the Normandy landings, although was not involved in the first days of the landings. ^[1]

Postwar[link]

After the war Wyndham returned to writing, inspired by the success of his brother who had had four novels published. He altered his writing style and by 1951, using the John Wyndham pen name for the first time, wrote the novel The Day of the Triffids. His prewar writing career was not mentioned in the book's publicity, and people were allowed to assume that it was a first novel from a previously unknown writer.

The book proved to be an enormous success and established Wyndham as an important exponent of science fiction. He went on to write and publish six more novels under the name John Wyndham, all of which appeared in his lifetime. In 1963 he married Grace Wilson, whom he had known for more than 20 years; the couple remained married until he died. He moved out of the Penn Club in London, and lived near Petersfield, Hampshire, just outside the grounds of Bedales School.

He died aged 65 at his home in Petersfield, survived by his wife and brother.^[2] Subsequently, some of his unsold work was published and his earlier work re-published.

Bibliography[link]

Early novels published under other pen names[link]

• Foul Play Suspected (1935) (as John Beynon)
• The Secret People (1935) (as John Beynon)
• Planet Plane (1936) (as John Beynon; also known as The Space Machine and Stowaway to Mars)

Novels published in his lifetime as John Wyndham[link]

• The Day of the Triffids (1951) (also known as Revolt of the Triffids)
• The Kraken Wakes (1953) (published in the US as Out of the Deeps)
• The Chrysalids (1955) (published in the US as Re-Birth)
• The Midwich Cuckoos (1957) (filmed twice as Village of the Damned)
• The Outward Urge (1959)
• Trouble with Lichen (1960)
• Chocky (1968)

Posthumous novels[link]

• Web (1979)
• Plan for Chaos (2009)

Short story collections[link]

• Jizzle (1954)
• The Seeds of Time (1956)
• Tales of Gooseflesh and Laughter (1956) (features stories from the two earlier collections)
• Consider Her Ways and Others (1961)
• The Infinite Moment (1961) (US edition of Consider Her Ways, with two stories dropped, two others added)

Posthumous collections[link]

• Sleepers of Mars (1973) a collection of five stories originally published in magazines in the 1930s: Sleepers of Mars, Worlds to Barter, Invisible Monster, The Man from Earth & The Third Vibrator.
• The Best of John Wyndham (1973)
• Wanderers of Time (1973) a collection of five stories originally published in magazines in the 1930s: Wanderers of Time, Derelict of Space, Child of Power, The Last Lunarians & The Puff-ball Menace (a.k.a. Spheres of Hell).
• Exiles on Asperus (1979)
• No Place Like Earth (2003)

Biography and criticism[link]

• "John Wyndham: No Place Like Earth", programme on BBC Radio 4, 11.30 am, 12 November 2010

His reputation rests mainly on the first four of the novels published in his lifetime as by John Wyndham.^[3] The Day of the Triffids remains his best known, but some of his readers consider that The Chrysalids was really his best.^[4][5]

He also penned several short stories, ranging from hard science fiction to whimsical fantasy. A few have been filmed (in some cases rather freely adapted): Consider Her Ways, Random Quest, Dumb Martian, Jizzle (filmed as Maria) and Time to Rest (filmed as No Place Like Earth).^[6] There was also a radio version of Survival.

Style[link]

Most of Wyndham's novels have a contemporary 1950s English setting. Brian Aldiss, another British science fiction writer, has disparagingly labelled some of them as "cosy catastrophes", especially his novel The Day of the Triffids.^[7] The critic L. J. Hurst dismissed Aldiss's accusations, pointing out that in Triffids the main character witnesses several murders, suicides, and misadventures, and is frequently in mortal danger himself.^[8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• The John Wyndham Archive at the University of Liverpool
• Guardian article on John Wyndham
• "Portrait of Wyndham and Wells" by Christopher Priest
• "Vivisection": Schoolboy "John Wyndham's" First Publication?
• Archive BBC TV interview of John Wyndham in 1960^{[dead link]} Requires Realplayer
• John Wyndham at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• John Wyndham bibliography of first editions