Joseph Nye

Born	(1937-01-19) January 19, 1937 (age 75) South Orange, New Jersey
Era	International relations theory
Region	Western Philosophers
School	Neoliberal institutionalism
Main interests	International security, interdependence, globalization
Notable ideas	Soft power/hard power/smart power, complex interdependence
Influenced by Stanley Hoffmann

Joseph Samuel Nye, Jr. (born January 19, 1937) is the co-founder, along with Robert Keohane, of the international relations theory neoliberalism, developed in their 1977 book Power and Interdependence. Together with Keohane, he developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence. They also explored transnational relations and world politics in an edited volume in the 1970s. More recently, he pioneered the theory of soft power. His notion of "smart power" became popular with the use of this phrase by members of the Clinton administration, and more recently the Obama Administration.^[1] Nye is currently University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, and previously served as dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He also serves as a Guiding Coalition member for the Project on National Security Reform.

The 2011 TRIP survey of over 1700 international relations scholars ranks Joe Nye as the sixth most influential scholar in the field of international relations in the past twenty years.^[2]

In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers.^[3]

Life and career[link]

Education[link]

Nye graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University, where he was vice-president of the Colonial Club, a columnist for The Daily Princetonian, and a member of the American Whig–Cliosophic Society's Debate Panel.^[4] After studying Philosophy, Politics and Economics as a Rhodes Scholar in Exeter College at Oxford University, obtained his Ph.D. in political science from Harvard. He attended Morristown Prep (now the Morristown-Beard School) in Morristown, New Jersey and graduated in 1954.

Career[link]

Nye originally joined the Harvard faculty in 1964, serving as Director of the Center for International Affairs and as Associate Dean of Arts and Sciences. From 1977-1979, Nye was Deputy to the Undersecretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology and chaired the National Security Council Group on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

In 1993 and 1994 he was chairman of the National Intelligence Council, which coordinates intelligence estimates for the President. Nye also served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs in the Clinton Administration, and was considered by many to be the preferred choice for National Security Advisor in the 2004 presidential campaign of John Kerry. He is widely recognized as one of the foremost liberal thinkers on foreign policy, and is seen by some as the counter to renowned Harvard conservative Samuel P. Huntington.

In 2005, Nye was voted one of the ten most influential scholars of international relations in the USA.^[5]

He is the co-chair of the Center for a New American Security Cyber Security Project,^[6] on the Advisory board of the USC Center on Public Diplomacy as well as on the International Editorial Board of the Cambridge Review of International Affairs, the editorial board of Foreign Policy, the Board of Directors of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Guiding Coalition of the Project on National Security Reform, the Advisory Board of Carolina for Kibera, and the Board of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He has been awarded the Woodrow Wilson Prize by Princeton University and the Humphrey Prize by the American Political Science Association. In 2005 he was awarded the Honorary Patronage of the University Philosophical Society of Trinity College Dublin and in 2007 he was awarded an honorary degree by King's College London.

Nye has published many works in recent years, the most recent being The Future of Power (2011, ISBN 978-1-58648-891-8), Understanding International Conflicts, 7th ed (2009), The Powers to Lead (2008), The Power Game: A Washington Novel (2004), Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (2004), and The Paradox of American Power (2002). Nye coined the term soft power in the late 1980s and it first came into widespread usage following a piece he wrote in Foreign Policy in the early 1990s. He is the chairman of the North American branch of the Trilateral Commission.^[7]

Personal[link]

Nye and his wife, Molly Harding Nye, have three adult sons.^[8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Column archive at Project Syndicate
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Joseph Nye on Charlie Rose
• Joseph Nye at TED Conferences
• Joseph Nye at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Joseph Nye in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Conversations with History interview with Harry Krelsler at the UC Berkeley Institute of International Studies in April 1998
• 'Joseph Nye - Viet Nam 2010' Coffee is soft power of Vietnam
• 'Talking Power', interview in the Oxonian Review in March 2005
• 'Joseph Nye on Teaching America to be more British', interview with Theory Talks in May 2008
• 'How Soft is Smart?', interview on the US Presidential Election in Guernica Magazine in October 2008
• Nye's profile, he is Chairman of the North American Group of the Trilateral Commission
• Nye's profile at the Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, where he is a board member
• Nye's profile at Harvard University, where he is Distinguished Service Professor and Sultan of Oman Professor of International Relations
• Video (with mp3 available) of discussion with Nye and Daniel Drezner on Bloggingheads.tv
• Audio: Joseph Nye in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion programme The Forum
• Soft Power, Smart Power and Intelligent Power A lecture in honor of Joseph Nye
• Interview in The Global Scholar Knowledge Initiative (GSKI)

Keohane at Lund University in 2007.

Robert O. Keohane (born 1941) is an American academic, who, following the publication of his influential book After Hegemony (1984), became widely associated with the theory of neoliberal institutionalism in international relations. He is currently a Professor of Political Science at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University.^[1]

Early life[link]

Keohane was born at the University of Chicago Hospitals. His education through the fifth grade was at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When he was 10, the family moved to Mount Carroll, Illinois, where he attended public school and his parents taught at Shimer College. After the 10th grade, Keohane enrolled at Shimer through the school's early entrance program, which since 1950 has allowed selected high school students to enter college before completing high school.^[2] When later asked to compare his undergraduate education as an early entrant at Shimer with his graduate work at Harvard, Keohane remarked "it is not clear to me that I have ever been with a brighter set of people than those early entrants."^[3]

He earned a BA, with honors, from Shimer College in 1961.^[3] He obtained his PhD from Harvard in 1966, one year after he joined the faculty of Swarthmore College. He was the student of Harvard University Professor Stanley Hoffmann.

Career[link]

Keohane has taught at Swarthmore, Stanford, Brandeis, Harvard, and Duke. At Harvard he was Stanfield Professor of International Peace, and at Duke he was the James B. Duke Professor of Political Science.

He is the author of many works, including After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton University Press, 1984), for which he was awarded the second annual Grawemeyer Award in 1989 for "Ideas Improving World Order".

Between 1974 and 1980 he was editor of the journal International Organization. He has been president of the International Studies Association, 1988-89, and of the American Political Science Association, 1999-2000.

Keohane is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Academy of Political and Social Science and has held a Guggenheim Fellowship and fellowships at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the National Humanities Center. He was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2005, and elected to the National Academy of Sciences that same year. He was listed as the most influential scholar of international relations in a 2005 Foreign Policy poll. ^[4]

Political scientists he has taught include Lisa Martin, Andrew Moravcsik, Layna Mosley, Beth Simmons, and Helen V. Milner. Other students include Fareed Zakaria.^[5] Keohane is married to Nannerl O. Keohane, former president of Duke and herself a noted political scientist.^[1][6]

In 2012, Keohane received the Harvard Centennial Medal.^[5]

Books[link]

• After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton University Press, 1984)
• Neorealism and Its Critics (Columbia University Press, 1986)
• International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory (Westview, 1989)
• Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Little, Brown, 1977); with Joseph S. Nye, Jr.
• Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research (Princeton, 1994); with Gary King and Sidney Verba
• Power and Interdependence in a Partially Globalized World (Routledge, New York, 2002)
• Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge University Press, 2003); with J. L. Holzgrefe
• The Regime Complex for Climate Change with David G. Victor (2010)^[7][8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Robert Keohane's Faculty Profile at Princeton
• Interview with Robert Keohane by Theory Talks (May 2008)