The PlayStation 2 (プレイステーション2, Pureisutēshon Tsū?, officially abbreviated PS2) is a video game console manufactured by Sony as part of the PlayStation series. It was first released on March 4, 2000, in Japan, and then was released on October 26, 2000 in North America, and November 24, 2000 in Europe. As part of the sixth-generation of gaming, its primary competitors were the Sega Dreamcast, Microsoft Xbox, and Nintendo GameCube.
The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling console of all time, having reached over 150 million units sold as of January 31, 2011.[6][7] This milestone was reached 11 years after the system was released in Japan on March 4, 2000. Further, Sony said it had 10,828 titles available for the system and that 1.52 billion PS2 titles had been sold since launch.[8] In late 2009, with developers creating new games and the console still selling steadily a decade after its original release, Sony stated that the life cycle of the PlayStation 2 will continue until demand ceases.[9] The console was succeeded by the PlayStation 3 in 2006.
As of 2012, over 12 years after its initial release, new games continue to be developed and sold. The latest game is MLB 2K12, released in March 2012 in North America only;[10] FIFA 13 and PES 2013 are also due to be released for the system in September 2012.[11][12]
The development of the PlayStation 2 was first announced in March 1999, and while it would not be released until 2000, the announcement was enough to slow the momentum for the Sega Dreamcast's North American launch, despite the Dreamcast having a head start over that generation.[13][14] Directly after its release, it was difficult to find PS2 units on retailer shelves[15] due to manufacturing delays.[16] Another option was purchasing the console online through auction websites such as eBay, where people paid over one thousand dollars for a PS2.[17] The PS2 initially sold well partly on the basis of the strength of the PlayStation brand and the console's backward compatibility, selling over 980,000 units in Japan by March 5, 2000, one day after launch.[18] This allowed the PS2 to tap the large install base established by the PlayStation — another major selling point over the competition. Later, Sony added new development kits for game developers and more PS2 units for consumers.
Although Sega announced the discontinuation of the Dreamcast in March 2001, the PS2 would face competition from newer rivals; Microsoft's Xbox and the Nintendo GameCube. Many analysts predicted a close three-way matchup between the three consoles; the Xbox having the most powerful hardware, while the GameCube was least expensive console and Nintendo changed its policy to encourage third-party developers, and while the PlayStation 2 theoretically had the weakest specs of the three, it had a head start due to its installed base plus strong developer commitment.[19] While the PlayStation 2's initial games lineup was considered mediocre, this changed during the 2001 holiday season with the release of several blockbuster games that maintained the PS2's sales momentum and held off its newer rivals. Sony also countered the Xbox by temporarily securing PlayStation 2 exclusives for highly anticipated games such as the Grand Theft Auto series and Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty.[20]
Sony, unlike Sega with its Dreamcast, originally placed little emphasis on online gaming during its first few years, although that changed upon the launch of the online-capable Xbox. Coinciding with the release of Xbox Live, Sony released the PlayStation Network Adapter in late 2002, with several online first–party titles released alongside it, such as SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs to demonstrate its active support for Internet play.[citation needed] Sony also advertised heavily, and its online model had the support of Electronic Arts (EA); EA did not offer online Xbox titles until 2004. Although Sony and Nintendo both started out late, and although both followed a decentralized model of online gaming where the responsibility is up to the developer to provide the servers, Sony's moves made online gaming a major selling point of the PS2.
In September 2004, in time for the launch of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Sony revealed a new, slimmer PS2 (see Hardware revisions). In preparation for the launch of the new models (SCPH-70000-90000), Sony stopped making the older models (SCPH-30000-50000) to let the distribution channel empty its stock of the units.[citation needed] After an apparent manufacturing issue—Sony reportedly underestimated demand—caused some initial slowdown in producing the new unit caused in part by shortages between the time the old units were cleared out and the new units were ready. The issue was compounded in Britain when a Russian oil tanker became stuck in the Suez Canal, blocking a ship from China carrying PS2s bound for the UK. During one week in November, British sales totalled 6,000 units — compared to 70,000 units a few weeks prior.[21] There were shortages in more than 1700 stores in North America on the day before Christmas.[22]
PlayStation 2 software is distributed on CD-ROM (blue/purple polycarbonate) and DVD-ROM (clear polycarbonate with six "PlayStation" logos). In addition the console can play audio CDs and DVD movies, and is backward compatible with PlayStation games. The PS2 also supports PlayStation memory cards and controllers, although the memory cards only work with PS1 games and the controllers may not support all functions (such as analog buttons) for PS2 games.
The PS2's DualShock 2 controller is essentially an upgraded PlayStation DualShock; analog face, shoulder and D-pad buttons replaced the digital buttons of the original.[23] Like its predecessor, the DualShock 2 controller has force feedback, which is commonly called the "vibration" function.
An 8 MB PlayStation 2 memory card.
The standard PlayStation 2 memory card has an 8 MB capacity and uses Sony's MagicGate encryption. This requirement prevented the production of memory cards by third parties who did not purchase a license for the MagicGate encryption. Memory cards without encryption can be used to store PlayStation game saves, but PlayStation games would be unable to read from or write to the card – such a card could only be used as a backup. There are a variety of non-Sony manufactured memory cards available for the PlayStation 2, allowing for a larger memory capacity than the standard 8 MB. However their use is unsupported and compatibility is not guaranteed.
The console also features USB and IEEE 1394 expansion ports. Compatibility with USB and IEEE 1394 devices is dependent on the software supporting the device. For example, the PS2 BIOS will not boot an ISO image from a USB flash drive or operate a USB printer, as the machine's operating system does not include this functionality. By contrast, Gran Turismo 4 is programmed to save screenshots to a USB mass storage device and print images on certain USB printers. A PlayStation 2 HDD can be installed in an expansion bay on the back of the console, and was required to play certain games, notably the popular Final Fantasy XI.[24] This was only available on certain models (see "Hardware Revisions" below).
PlayStation 2 users have the option to play select games over the Internet, using a broadband internet connection and a PlayStation 2 Network Adaptor. Instead of having a unified, subscription-based online service like Xbox Live as competitor Microsoft had chosen for its Xbox console, online multiplayer on the PlayStation 2 is the responsibility of the game publisher and is run on third-party servers. Most recent[when?] PlayStation 2 online games have been developed to exclusively support broadband internet access. Xbox Live similarly requires a broadband internet connection. Many games' servers have been shut down, but there are still a few[which?] games out there that are still active and people still play online.[citation needed]
The PlayStation 2 Network Adaptor adaptor is integrated into the hardware on "slimline" models, and can be bought as an add-on for the original "fat" models. Some games also allow online gameplay using a dial-up connection (not available on all models), or LAN play by connecting two network adapters (or slimline consoles) together directly with an Ethernet cable or through the same router network.
The Slimline PS2 is considerably smaller than the "Fat" PS2
The PS2 has undergone many revisions, some only of internal construction and others involving substantial external changes. These are colloquially known among PS2 hardware hackers as V0, V1, V2, ..., V18.[25] Each region receives a different model number; for example, the V18 was released in North America as SCPH-90001, in Australasia as SCPH-90002, and in Hong Kong as SCPH-90006. The final digit is simply a region code and has no bearing on the hardware other than region lock-outs for games and DVDs, and language options within the system software.
The PS2 is primarily differentiated between models featuring the original "fat" case design and "slimline" models, which were introduced at the end of 2004. In 2010, a television incorporating a PS2 was made available to consumers.
An SCPH-30000 model with DualShock 2
Three of the original PS2 launch models (SCPH-10000, SCPH-15000, and SCPH-18000) were only sold in Japan, and lacked the expansion bay of later PS2 models. These models included a PCMCIA slot instead of the expansion bay port of newer models. SCPH-10000 and SCPH-15000 did not have built-in DVD movie playback and instead relied on encrypted playback software that was copied to a memory card from an included CD-ROM. (Normally, the PS2 will only execute encrypted software from its memory card, but see PS2 Independence Exploit.) V3 had a substantially different internal structure from the subsequent revisions, featuring several interconnected printed circuit boards. As of V4 everything was unified into one board, except the power supply. V5 introduced minor internal changes, and the only difference between V6 (sometimes called V5.1) and V5 is the orientation of the Power/Reset switch board connector, which was reversed to prevent the use of no-solder modchips. The V5 also introduced a laser that is more reliable that the ones used in previous models. V7 and V8 included only minor revisions to V6.
Beginning with model SCPH-50000, the iLink port was removed. An infrared receiver was added for use with a remote to control DVD playback.
The PS2 standard color is matte black. Several different variations in color were produced in different quantities and regions, including ceramic white, light yellow, metallic blue (aqua), metallic silver, navy (star blue), opaque blue (astral blue), opaque black (midnight black), pearl white, Sakura purple, satin gold, satin silver, snow white, super red, transparent blue (ocean blue), and also Limited Edition color Pink, which was distributed in some regions such as Oceania, and parts of Asia.[26][27][28]
The small PlayStation logo on the front of the disc tray could be rotated ninety degrees, in order for the logo to be the right way up in both vertical and horizontal console orientations. This feature is also used on slimline consoles.
In September 2004, Sony unveiled its third major hardware revision (V12, model number SCPH-70000). Available in late October 2004, it is smaller, thinner, and quieter than the older versions and includes a built-in Ethernet port (in some markets it also has an integrated modem). Due to its thinner profile, it does not contain the 3.5" expansion bay and therefore does not support the internal hard disk drive. It also lacks an internal power supply, similar to the GameCube, and has a modified Multitap expansion. The removal of the expansion bay has been criticized as a limitation due to the existence of titles such as Final Fantasy XI, which require the use of the HDD.
The official PS2 Linux also requires an expansion bay to function. Currently only the modified Multitap is sold in stores, however these are also compatible with the older versions, and also added support for multiple memory cards on some games. Third-party connectors can be soldered into the unit giving hard drive support, however IDE connections were completely removed in the V14 revision, thereby eliminating this option. Certain mod chips enable the use of a USB hard drive or other mass storage device.
There are actually two sub-versions of the SCPH-70000.[citation needed] One of them includes the old EE and GS chips, and the other contains the newer unified EE+GS chip, but otherwise they are identical. The variations are variously referred to as V11.5 for the older model (with separate EE and GS chips) and V12 for the newer model, and V12 for the older model and V13 for the newer model.[citation needed] Currently, most people use V12 for both models, or V12 for the old model and V13 for the newer one.[citation needed]
The V12 model was first released in black, but a silver edition is available in the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, United Arab Emirates and other GCC Countries, France, Italy, South Africa, and most recently, North America. It is unknown whether or not this will follow the color schemes of the older model, although a limited edition console that is pink in color has become available since March 2007.
V12 (or V13) was succeeded by V14 (SCPH-75001 and SCPH-75002), which contains integrated EE and GS chips, and different ASICs compared to previous revisions, with some chips having a copyright date of 2005, compared to 2000 or 2001 for earlier models. It also has a different lens and some compatibility issues with a different number of PlayStation games and even some PS2 games.[29] In the beginning of 2005 it was found that some black slimline console power transformers manufactured between August and December 2004 were defective and could overheat. The units were recalled by Sony, with the company supplying a replacement model made in 2005.[30]
Later hardware revisions had better compatibility with PlayStation games (Metal Gear Solid: VR Missions operates on most silver models); however, the new Japanese slim models have more issues with playing PlayStation games than the first PS2 revisions.[citation needed]
In 2006, Sony released new hardware revisions (V15, model numbers SCPH-77001a and SCPH-77001b). It was first released in Japan on September 15, 2006, including the Silver edition. After its release in Japan, it was then released in North America, Europe and other parts of the world. The new revision uses an integrated, unified EE+GS chip, a redesigned ASIC, a different laser lens, an updated BIOS, and updated drivers.[citation needed]
In July 2007, Sony started shipping a revision of the slimline PlayStation 2 (SCPH-79000) featuring a reduced weight of 600 grams compared to 900 grams of the SCPH-77001 (with Expansion Bay), achieved through a reduction in parts. The unit also uses a smaller motherboard as well as a custom ASIC which houses the Emotion Engine, Graphics Synthesizer, and the RDRAM. The AC adaptor's weight was also reduced to 250 grams from the 350 grams in the previous revision.[31]
Another refinement of the slimline PlayStation 2 (SCPH-90000) was released in Japan on November 22, 2007.[32] As well some cosmetic changes, the design of the hardware has been overhauled, incorporating the power supply into the console itself; this also reduces the total weight to 720 grams (25 oz). SCPH-90000 series consoles manufactured after the third quarter of 2008 (indicated by date code 8C) incorporate a revised BIOS, which disables an exploit present in all older models that allowed homebrew applications to be launched from a memory card.
Sony also manufactured a consumer device called the PSX that can be used as a digital video recorder and DVD burner in addition to playing PS2 games. The device was released in Japan on December 13, 2003, and was the first Sony product to include the XrossMediaBar interface. It did not sell well in the Japanese market and was not released anywhere else.
The PSX featured one USB port, a Memory Stick card reader and two PlayStation 2 Memory Card slots.[33]
Released in 2010, the Sony BRAVIA KDL22PX300 is a 22 inch 720p television that incorporates a PlayStation 2 console and 4 HDMI ports. The 720p TV also includes BRAVIA Internet Video Access, allowing users access to streaming services such as YouTube and on-demand television.[34]
| Region |
Units sold |
First available |
| Japan |
21 million (as of October 1, 2008)[35] |
March 4, 2000 |
| Asia (including Japan) |
25.42 million (as of March 2007)[36] |
March 4, 2000 |
| North America |
50 million (as of December 2008)[37] |
October 26, 2000 |
| Europe |
48 million (as of May 6, 2008)[38] |
November 24, 2000 |
| Worldwide |
153.19 million (as of March 31, 2011)[36][2] |
N/A |
On November 29, 2005, the PlayStation 2 became the fastest game console to reach 100 million units shipped, accomplishing the feat within 5 years and 9 months from its launch. This achievement occurred faster than its predecessor, the PlayStation, which took 9 years and 6 months to reach the same benchmark.[39]
The PS2 has sold over 153 million units worldwide as of March 31, 2011.[7] In Europe, it has sold 48 million units as of May 6, 2008 according to Sony Computer Entertainment Europe,[38] while in North America, it has sold 50 million units as of December 2008.[37] In Japan, the PS2 has sold 21,454,325 units as of October 1, 2008, according to Famitsu/Enterbrain.[35]
In Europe, the PS2 sold 6 million units in 2006 and 3.8 million in 2007, according to estimates by EA.[40][41] In 2007, the PS2 sold 3.97 million units in the US according to the NPD Group[42][43] and 816,419 units in Japan according to Enterbrain.[44] In 2008, the PS2 sold 480,664 units in Japan, according to Enterbrain.[44][45]
The
EyeToy - a motion detecting camera.
The PlayStation 2's DualShock 2 controller is largely identical to the PlayStation's DualShock, with the same basic functionality; however, it includes analog pressure sensitivity on the face, shoulder and D-pad buttons, is lighter and includes two more levels of vibration.
The PlayStation 2 DVD remote control.
Optional hardware includes DualShock or DualShock 2 controllers, a PS2 DVD remote control, an internal or external hard disk drive (HDD), a network adapter, horizontal and vertical stands, PlayStation or PS2 memory cards, the multitap for PlayStation or PS2, a USB motion camera (EyeToy), a USB keyboard and mouse, and a headset.
The original PS2 multitap cannot be plugged into the newer slim models (as the multitap connects to the memory card slot as well as the controller slot and the memory card slot on the slimline is shallower). New slim-design multitaps are manufactured for these models, however third-party adapters also exist to permit original multitaps to be used.
Early versions of the PS2 could be networked via an iLink port, though this had little game support and was dropped. Some third party manufacturers have created devices that allow disabled people to access the PS2 through ordinary switches etc. One such device is the PS2-SAP from LEPMIS, another is for example the JPemulator.
Some third-party companies, such as JoyTech, have produced LCD monitor and speaker attachments for the PS2, which attach to the back of the console. These allow users to play games without access to a television as long as there is access to mains electricity or a similar power source. These screens can fold down onto the PS2 in a similar fashion to laptop screens.
There are many accessories for musical games, such as dance pads for Dance Dance Revolution, In the Groove, and Pump It Up titles, Konami microphones for use with the Karaoke Revolution games, dual microphones (sold with and used exclusively for SingStar games), various "guitar" controllers (for the Guitar Freaks series and Guitar Hero series), the drum set controller (sold in a box set (or by itself) with a "guitar" controller and a USB microphone (for use with Rock Band and Guitar Hero series (World Tour and newer)).
Optional controllers include a Onimusha 3 katana controller, a Resident Evil 4 chainsaw controller, light guns (GunCon), and fishing rod and reel controllers.
Various cables used by the console include S-Video, RGB, SCART, VGA (for progressive scan games and PS2 Linux only), component and composite video cables, an RF modulator.
Unlike the PlayStation, which required the use of an official Sony PlayStation Mouse to play mouse-compatible games, the few PS2 games with mouse support work with a standard USB mouse as well as a USB Trackball.[46]
USB Mouse compatible games include: Age of Empires II, Armored Core 2, Armored Core 3, ATV Quad Power Racing 2, Deus Ex, Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII, EverQuest Online Adventures: Frontiers, Final Fantasy XI, Half-Life,[47] Myst III: Exile, Red Faction 2, Resident Evil 4, Resident Evil: Dead Aim, Sky Odyssey, Soldier of Fortune: Gold Edition, Star Trek Elite Force, Tokyo Xtreme Racer 3, Unreal Tournament.[48]
The official PS2 Linux kit also uses the USB mouse and keyboard.
Additionally, a mouse that emulates the right analog stick of a standard controller, the EdgeFX, was manufactured by SplitFish, allowing non-mouse-compatible games to be played with a mouse.[49][50]
Sony released a Linux-based operating system for the PS2 in a package that also includes a keyboard, mouse, Ethernet adapter and HDD. Currently, Sony's online store states that the Linux kit is no longer for sale in North America. However as of July 2005, the European version was still available. The kit boots by installing a proprietary interface, the run-time environment, which is on a region-coded DVD, so the European and North America kits only work with a PS2 from their respective regions.
In Europe and Australia, the PS2 comes with a free Yabasic interpreter on the bundled demo disc. This allows simple programs to be created for the PS2 by the end-user. This was included in a failed attempt to circumvent a UK tax by defining the console as a "computer" if it contained certain software.[citation needed]
A port of the NetBSD project and BlackRhino GNU/Linux, an alternative Debian-based distribution, are also available for the PS2.
Using homebrew programs (e.g. 'SMS Media Player'[51]) it is possible to listen to various audio file formats (MP3, OMA, Ogg Vorbis, AAC, FLAC, AC3), and watch various video formats (DivX/XviD, MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4-ASP in AVI Container) using the console. Media can be played from any device connected to the console i.e. external USB/Firewire thumb drive/hard disk drive (FAT32 only), the internal hard disk on early revision consoles, optical CD-R(W)/DVD±R(W) disks (modded systems or patched disks), or network shares (Windows Network or PS2 host: protocol).
Homebrew programs can be launched directly from a memory card on unmodified consoles by using certain software that takes advantage of a long known and used exploit, dealing with the boot part of the EE/IOP process (Independence).
A more recent development (May 2008) called Free McBoot allows homebrew programs to be launched without a trigger disc required by the older exploit. This also allows use of homebrew on unmodded systems without a functional disc drive. However, installation of the exploit to each individual memory card requires an already exploited/modded system in order to launch the installer. Copying from one memory card to another will not work. This newer exploit will not work on the very newest PS2s (SCPH-9000x model with BIOS 2.30 and up) but will work on all models prior to that.
Homebrew programs can be used to play patched backups of original PS2 DVD games on unmodified consoles, and to install retail discs to an installed hard drive on older models (ESR, HDLoader, USBAdvance).
Homebrew emulators of older computer and gaming systems have been developed for the PS2.[52] Using these homebrew programs the PS2 can emulate the following:
The specifications of the PlayStation 2 console are as follows, with hardware revisions:
An SCPH-10000 motherboard
An SCPH-30001 motherboard
Graphics Synthesizer as on SCPH39000.
File:CXD9833GB.png
Older EE+GS that does not incorporate system memory (Found in Older Charcoal Black Slim PS2s. (SCPH-70001).
File:Neweegs.JPG
ASIC that incorporates the EE, GS, and system memory (found in silver slim PS2s. Model SCPH-7900x and later).
- CPU: 64-bit[3][4] "Emotion Engine" clocked at 294.912 MHz (299 MHz on newer versions), 10.5 million transistors
- System memory: 32 MB Direct Rambus or RDRAM
- Memory bus Bandwidth: 3.2 gigabytes per second
- Main processor: MIPS R5900 CPU core, 64-bit, little endian (mipsel).
- Coprocessor: FPU (Floating Point Multiply Accumulator × 1, Floating Point Divider × 1)
- Vector Units: VU0 and VU1 (Floating Point Multiply Accumulator × 9, Floating Point Divider × 1), 32-bit, at 147.456 MHz.
- VU0 typically used for polygon transformations optionally (under parallel or serial connection), physics and other gameplay based things
- VU1 typically used for polygon transformations, lighting and other visual based calculations (Texture matrix able for 2 coordinates (UV/ST)[53])
- Parallel: Results of VU0/FPU sent as another display list via MFIFO (E.G. complex characters/vehicles/etc.)
- Serial: Results of VU0/FPU sent to VU1 (via 3 methods) and can act as an optional geometry pre-processor that does all base work to update the scene every frame (E.G. camera, perspective, boning and laws of movement such as animations or physics) [54]
- Floating Point Performance: 6.2 GFLOPS (single precision 32-bit floating point)
- FPU 0.64 GFLOPS
- VU0 2.44 GFLOPS
- VU1 3.08 GFLOPS (with Internal 0.64 GFLOPS EFU)
- Tri-Strip Geometric transformation (VU0+VU1): 150 million polygons per second[55]
- 3D CG Geometric transformation with raw 3D perspective operations (VU0+VU1): 66-80+ million polygons per second[53]
- 3D CG Geometric transformations at peak bones/movements/effects (textures)/lights (VU0+VU1, parallel or series): 15–20 million polygons per second[55]
- Actual real-world polygons (per frame):500-650k at 30fps, 250-325k at 60fps
- Compressed Image Decoder: MPEG-2
- I/O Processor interconnection: Remote Procedure Call over a serial link, DMA controller for bulk transfer
- Cache memory: Instruction: 16 KB, Data: 8 KB + 16 KB (ScrP)
- Graphics processing unit: "Graphics Synthesizer" clocked at 147.456 MHz
- Pixel pipelines: 16
- Video output resolution: variable from 256×224 to 1920×1080 pixels
- 4 MB Embedded DRAM video memory bandwidth at 48 gigabytes per second (main system 32 MB can be dedicated into VRAM for off-screen materials)
- Texture buffer bandwidth: 9.6 GB/s
- Frame buffer bandwidth: 38.4 GB/s
- DRAM Bus width: 2560-bit (composed of three independent buses: 1024-bit write, 1024-bit read, 512-bit read/write)
- Pixel configuration: RGB: Alpha:Z Buffer (24:8, 15:1 for RGB, 16, 24, or 32-bit Z buffer)
- Dedicated connection to: Main CPU and VU1
- Overall pixel fillrate: 16×147 = 2.352 Gpixel/s (rounded to 2.4 Gpixel/s)
- Pixel fillrate: with no texture, flat shaded 2.4 (75,000,000 32pixel raster triangles)
- Pixel fillrate: with 1 full texture (Diffuse Map), Gouraud shaded 1.2 (37,750,000 32-bit pixel raster triangles)
- Pixel fillrate: with 2 full textures (Diffuse map + specular or alpha or other), Gouraud shaded 0.6 (18,750,000 32-bit pixel raster triangles)
- GS effects: AAx2 (poly sorting required),[53] Bilinear, Trilinear, Multi-pass, Palletizing (4-bit = 6:1 ratio, 8-bit = 3:1)
- Multi-pass rendering ability
- Four passes = 300 Mpixel/s (300 Mpixels/s divided by 32 pixels = 9,375,000 triangles/s lost every four passes)[56]
- Audio: "SPU1+SPU2" (SPU1 is actually the CPU clocked at 8 MHz)
- I/O Processor
- I/O Memory: 2 MB
- CPU Core: Original PlayStation CPU (MIPS R3000A clocked at 33.8688 MHz or 37.5 MHz)
- Automatically underclocked to 33.8688 MHz to achieve hardware backwards compatibility with original PlayStation format games.
- Sub Bus: 32-bit
- Connection to: SPU and CD/DVD controller.
^† VGA connector is only available for progressive-scan supporting games and Linux for PlayStation 2 and requires a monitor that supports RGsB, or "sync on green," signals.
- Disc Drive type: proprietary interface through a custom micro-controller + DSP chip. 24x speed CD-ROM, 4x speed DVD-ROM — Region-locked with anti-copy protection. Can't read Gold Discs.
- Supported Disc Media: PlayStation 2 format CD-ROM, PlayStation format CD-ROM, CD-DA, PlayStation 2 format DVD-ROM, DVD Video. DVD5 (Single-layer, 4.7 GB) and DVD9 (Dual-layer, 8.5 GB) supported. Later models starting with SCPH-50000 are DVD+RW and DVD-RW compatible.
A class action lawsuit was filed against Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc. on July 16, 2002, in the Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo. The lawsuit addresses consumer reports of inappropriate "no disc error" (disc read error) messages and other problems associated with playing DVDs and CDs on the PlayStation 2.
Sony settled its “disc read error” lawsuit by compensating the affected gamers with USD $25, a free game from a specified list, and the reduced cost repair or replacement (at SCEA’s discretion) of the damaged system. This settlement was subject to the courts’ approval, and hearings began in the US and Canada on April 28, 2006, and May 11, 2006, respectively.[57]
- ^ "Sony Computer Entertainment Europe and Vodafone announce Preferred Partnership for 3G provider PlayStation®Vita". Sony Computer Entertainment. November 21, 2011. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/pdf/111122_e.pdf. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "PlayStation2 Worldwide Hardware Unit Sales | CORPORATE INFORMATION | Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.". SCEI. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdataps2_sale_e.html. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Third Edition". ISBN 1-55860-724-2
- ^ a b Keith Diefendorff. "Sony's Emotionally Charged Chip". Microprocessor Report, Volume 13, Number 5, April 19, 1999. Microdesign Resources.
- ^ Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition. pp. 108–109. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-904994-45-9|1-904994-45-9]]. "GTA: San Andreas is the best-selling PlayStation 2 game of all time, with a massive 17.33 million copies sold."
- ^ Yin-Poole, lesley (February 14, 2011). "PlayStation 2 ships over 150 million". Eurogamer. http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-02-14-playstation-2-ships-over-150-million. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ a b "PLAYSTATION2 sales reach 150 million units worldwide". Sony Computer Entertainment. February 14, 2011. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/110214_e.html. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ Makuch, Eddie (February 15, 2011). "150 million PS2 units shipped worldwide – News at GameSpot". Asia.gamespot.com. http://asia.gamespot.com/news/6298857.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=newstop&tag=newstop%3Bstory%3B17. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ "PS2 turns nine, Sony says system’s "life cycle will continue"". Gamertell.com. http://www.gamertell.com/gaming/comment/ps2-turns-nine-sony-says-systems-life-cycle-will-continue/. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ http://www.blisteredthumbs.net/2012/01/mlb-2k12-teased/
- ^ http://www.neoseeker.com/Games/Products/PS2/fifa_soccer_13/
- ^ http://uk.gamespot.com/news/pro-evolution-soccer-2013-confirmed-6373185
- ^ [1]
- ^ "PlayStation 2 Timeline". GameSpy. p. 3. http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/february04/ps2timeline/index2.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ "PlayStation 2 Timeline". GameSpy. pp. 2–3. http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/february04/PS2timeline/index2.shtml. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ "PS2 history". gamesindustry.biz. November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011071905/http://gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=21241. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
- ^ "PlayStation 2 Timeline". GameSpy. p. 3. http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/february04/PS2timeline/index3.shtml. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ "PlayStation 2 Timeline". GameSpy. p. 2. http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/february04/PS2timeline/index2.shtml. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Morris, Chris (May 14, 2002). "Sony slashes PlayStation prices: Preemptive move undercuts competition and could spark video game price war". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2002/05/14/technology/ps2_pricecuts/.
- ^ Elliott, Valerie (December 9, 2004). "Merry Christmas, your PlayStation 2 is stuck in Suez". Times Online (News International). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article400887.ece.
- ^ "2004 Holiday Sales Results Call". GameStop. http://www.corporate-ir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=GME&script=1010&item_id=997399. Retrieved September 9, 2006.
- ^ "Dual Shock 2 Review". IGN. September 27, 2001. http://gear.ign.com/articles/306/306387p1.html. Retrieved February 7, 2011. "The biggest difference between the Dual Shock 2 and the original… all of the buttons and even the digital pad offer analog support. This means that the d-pad, the four face buttons and the four shift buttons are all pressure sensitive and have 255 degrees of sensitivity. …It's also worth noting that the Dual Shock 2 is a bit lighter than the original Dual Shock because it appears to have less in the way of gears for the vibration function of the controller."
- ^ "Final Fantasy XI Review for PlayStation 2 – GameSpot". Uk.gamespot.com. March 23, 2004. http://uk.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/finalfantasy11/review.html. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ "PS2 Version Table". Eurasia. http://www.eurasia.nu/wiki/index.php/Ps2VersionTable.
- ^ Calvert, Justin (November 4, 2003). "PS2 price drop, new colors for Japan". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/PS2/action/mobilesuitzgundamaeugvstitans/news.html?sid=6078108. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
- ^ Fahey, Rob (March 9, 2004). "Sony launches new PS2 colors in Japan". gamesindustry.biz. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=3080. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
- ^ A list of all console colors and console Limited Editions. Consolecolors.com
- ^ "PS2 SCPH-75000 Compatibility Issues". geek.com. October 24, 2005. http://www.geek.com/articles/games/latest-ps2-has-compatibility-issues-20051024. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
- ^ "Sony recalls 'millions' of PS2 power adaptors". The Register. September 13, 2005. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2005/09/13/sony_ps2_power_recall/. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
- ^ Gantayat, Anoop (June 8, 2007). "PS2 Gets Lighter". IGN.com. http://PS2.ign.com/articles/802/802262p1.html. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
- ^ "PlayStation2 (SCPH-90000 SERIES) comes in a new design and in three color variations | Press releases｜Sony Computer Entertainment Inc". Scei.co.jp. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/071106ae.html. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ Fahey, Rob (September 6, 2004). "Japanese retailers slash PSX prices as sales remain slow". gamesindustry.biz. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=4280. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
- ^ "News: New Sony TV features in-built PS2". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. December 3, 2010. http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=278990. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Brightman, James (October 20, 2008). "Xbox 360 Growth in Japan Has Topped All Platforms from March to September". GameDaily. AOL. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20100316004150/http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/news/xbox-360-growth-in-japan-has-topped-all-platforms-from-march-to-september. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ a b "PlayStation2 Cumulative Production Shipments of Hardware | CORPORATE INFORMATION | Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.". SCEI. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdataps2_e.html. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b Koller, John (January 15, 2009). "PS2 Sells Over 50 Million Units in North America, Breaks Console Sales Record". PlayStation.Blog. http://blog.us.PlayStation.com/2009/01/15/PS2-sells-over-50-million-units-in-north-america-breaks-console-sales-record/. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
- ^ a b Ellie Gibson (May 6, 2008). "PS3 has outsold Xbox 360 in Europe". Eurogamer. http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=137142. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ "PlayStation 2 Breaks Record as the Fastest Computer Entertainment Platform to Reach Cumulative Shipment of 100 Million Units" (Press release). Sony Computer Entertainment. November 30, 2005. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/pdf/051130e.pdf. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
- ^ Electronic Arts (January 31, 2008). "Supplemental Segment Information". Thomson Financial. p. 4. http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/88/88189/Q3FY08Supseg.pdf#page=4. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
- ^ David Jenkins (February 1, 2008). "EA Reveals European Hardware Estimates". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=17206. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
- ^ James Brightman (January 17, 2008). "NPD: U.S. Video Game Industry Totals $17.94 Billion, Halo 3 Tops All". GameDaily. http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/news/npd-us-video-game-industry-totals-1794-billion-halo-3-tops-all/19119/?biz=1. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
- ^ Boyer, Brandon (January 18, 2008). "NPD: 2007 U.S. Game Industry Growth Up 43% To $17.9 Billion". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=17006. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
- ^ a b "Japanese 2008 Market Report". Market for Home Computing and Video Games. January 9, 2009. http://www.mcvuk.com/interviews/403/JAPANESE-2008-MARKET-REPORT. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
- ^ "2008年国内ゲーム市場規模は約5826億1000万円（エンターブレイン調べ）" (in Japanese). Famitsu. Enterbrain. January 5, 2009. http://www.famitsu.com/game/news/1221045_1124.html. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
- ^ "PlayStation Knowledge Center | Support - PlayStation.com". Us.playstation.com. January 10, 2011. http://us.playstation.com/support/answer/index.htm?a_id=898. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ "Half-Life Review for PlayStation 2". GameSpot. November 11, 2001. http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/halflife/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary%3Bread-review. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ Gerstmann, Jeff (October 21, 2000). "Unreal Tournament Review for PlayStation 2 – Page 2". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/unrealtournament/review.html?om_act=convert&om_clk=gssummary&tag=summary%3Bread-review&page=2. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ "Elevate your Gameplay". SplitFish. December 22, 2010. http://www.splitfish.com/. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ "Extreme Gamer – SplitFish Gameware – Hardware Review – Edge FX (3/3)". Extremegamer.ca. http://www.extremegamer.ca/features/splitfish07review3.php. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ^ Simple Media System for PlayStation 2 – http://home.casema.nl/eugene_plotnikov/
- ^ PS2 Emulators – http://www.sksapps.com/index.php?page=emus.html
- ^ a b c "Tapping into the power of PS2" (PDF). http://www.technology.scee.net/files/presentations/agdc2000/ThePowerOfPS2.pdf. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ "Emotion". Kim L. Vu. http://www.cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring02/V22.0480-002/projects/vu/emotion.doc. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Inside the Playstation 2". philvaz.com. http://www.philvaz.com/games/PS2.htm. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ "PS2 Programming Optimisations" (PDF). http://www.technology.scee.net/files/presentations/agdc2002/PS2Optimisations.pdf. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ Sony Settles PS2 "Disc Read Error" Class Action Gamasutra, November 10, 2005
|
|
|
| Home consoles |
|
|
| Handhelds |
|
|
| Games |
| Retail |
|
|
| Downloadable |
|
|
| Re-releases |
|
|
|
| Network |
|
|
| Controllers |
|
|
| Cameras |
|
|
| Kits |
|
|
| System software |
|
|
| Media |
|
|
| Companies |
|
|
| People |
|
|
|
|
|
