Look up template in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Template may mean:

• a stencil, pattern or overlay used in graphic arts (drawing, painting, etc.) and sewing to replicate letters, shapes or designs
• a pre-developed page layout in electronic or paper media used to make new pages with a similar design, pattern, or style
• Form letter, a predefined letter which retains its primary intent when individually customised with variable data or text.

Computer science and information technology[link]

• Template (file format), a standardized non-executable file type used by computer software as a pre-formatted example on which to base other files, especially documents
• Template (C++), a tool for generic programming especially in the C++ language
• Template metaprogramming, a programming technique used by a compiler to generate temporary source code
• Template method, an object-oriented design pattern
• Template processor, a system that combines a template with data to produce an output.
• Template (word processing), a standard document containing layout and styles used to configure word processing software
• Style sheet (web development) or master page on which you can globally edit and format graphic elements and text common to each page of a document
• Web template or web template system, a master page used to produce web pages
• A main document from which mail merge documents are created

Manufacturing[link]

• Mechanical template, used to cut and shape a product, such as:
  • a die (manufacturing)
  • a mold

Molecular genetics[link]

• a strand of DNA which sets the genetic sequence of new strands
• a strand of RNA which translates genes into proteins

Miscellaneous[link]

• Template (racing), a device used in car racing to ensure that the body of the race vehicle adheres to specifications

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Kennedy Center

Kennedy Center seen from the Potomac River

Bust of John F. Kennedy by Robert Berks located at the Center

The Kennedy Center as seen from the air. A portion of the Watergate complex can be seen at the left.

The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (on the building itself called the John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts, and commonly referred to as the Kennedy Center) is a performing arts center located on the Potomac River, adjacent to the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The Center, which opened on September 8, 1971, produces and presents theater, dance, ballet, orchestral, chamber, jazz, popular, and folk music, in addition to multi-media performances for all ages.

It is the busiest performing arts facility in the United States and annually hosts approximately 2,000 performances for audiences totaling nearly two million; Center-related touring productions, television, and radio broadcasts welcome 20 million more. Now in its 40th season, the Center presents the greatest examples of music, dance and theater; supports artists in the creation of new work; and serves the nation as a leader in arts education. With its artistic affiliate, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Center's achievements as a commissioner, producer, and nurturer of developing artists have resulted in over 200 theatrical productions, dozens of new ballets, operas, and musical works.

It represents a public-private partnership, since it is both the nation's living memorial to President John F. Kennedy and the "national center for the performing arts", which includes educational and outreach initiatives, almost entirely paid for through ticket sales and gifts from individuals, corporations, and private foundations.

Designed by architect Edward Durell Stone, it was built by Philadelphia contractor John McShain and is administered by a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution. It receives federal funding each year to pay for the maintenance and operation of the building.

History[link]

The idea for the center dates back to 1933 when First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt discussed ideas for the Emergency Relief and Civil Works Administration to create employment for unemployed actors during the Great Depression.^[1] In 1935, Congress held hearings on plans to establish a new Department of Science, Art and Literature and to build a monumental theater and arts building on Capitol Hill near the Supreme Court building. A small auditorium was added at the Library of Congress, but it had restrictions on its use. A congressional resolution in 1938 called for construction of a "public building which shall be known as the National Cultural Center" near Judiciary Square, but nothing materialized.^[2]

In 1950, the idea for a national theater resurfaced when U.S. Representative Arthur George Klein of New York introduced a bill to authorize funds to plan and build a cultural center as a memorial to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The bill included provisions that the center would prohibit any discrimination of cast or audience. From 1955 to 1958, the idea was debated in Congress, amidst much controversy. In the summer of 1958, a bill was finally passed in Congress and on September 4, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the National Cultural Center Act which provided momentum for the project.^[3]

This was the first time in history that the federal government helped finance a structure dedicated to the performing arts. The legislation required a portion of the costs, estimated at $10–25 million, to be raised within five years of passage of the bill.^[4] Edward Durell Stone was selected as architect for the project in June 1959.^[5] He presented preliminary designs to the President's Music Committee in October 1959, along with estimated costs of $50 million, double the original estimates of $25–30 million.^[6] By November 1959, estimated costs had escalated to $61 million.^[6] Despite this, Stone's design was well-received in editorials in The Washington Post, Washington Star, and quickly approved by the United States Commission of Fine Arts, National Capital Planning Commission, and the National Park Service.^[7]

The National Cultural Center was renamed the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 1964, following the assassination of President Kennedy.^[8]

Fundraising[link]

The Hall of States

Fundraising was led by the National Cultural Center Board of Trustees, which was set up by Eisenhower on January 29, 1959.^[4] Fundraising efforts were not successful, with only $13,425 raised in the first three years.^[9] President John F. Kennedy was interested in bringing culture to the nation's capital, and provided leadership and support for the project.^[10] In 1961, President Kennedy asked Roger L. Stevens to help develop the National Cultural Center, and serve as chairman of the Board of Trustees. Stevens recruited First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy as Honorary Chairman of the Center, and former First Lady Mamie Eisenhower as co-chairman.^[11]

The total cost of construction was $70 million.^[8] Congress allocated $43 million for construction costs, including $23 million as an outright grant and the other $20 million in bonds.^[10] Funding was also provided through donations, including $5 million from the Ford Foundation, and approximately $500,000 from the Kennedy family.^[12][13] Other major donors included J. Willard Marriott, Marjorie Merriweather Post, John D. Rockefeller III, and Robert W. Woodruff, as well as many corporate donors.^[13] Gifts were also provided to the Kennedy Center from foreign countries, including a gift of 3,700 tons of Carrara marble from Italy (worth $1.5 million) from the Italian government, which was used in the building's construction.^[14]

Construction[link]

Roger L. Stevens (left) watches as President Johnson breaks ground on December 2, 1964. This photograph is autographed by Johnson to Stevens.

Layout of the three main theaters at the Kennedy Center

President Lyndon B. Johnson dug the ceremonial first-shovel of earth at the groundbreaking for the Kennedy Center on December 2, 1964.^[15] However, debate continued for another year over the Foggy Bottom site, with some advocating for another location on Pennsylvania Avenue.^[12] Excavation of the site got underway on December 11, 1965, and the site was cleared by January 1967.^[16]

The first performance was on September 5, 1971, with 2,200 members of the general public in attendance to see a premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass in the Opera House,^[8] while the Center's official opening took place on September 8, 1971, with a formal gala and premiere performance of the Bernstein Mass.^[17] The Concert Hall was inaugurated on September 9, 1971, in a performance by the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antal Doráti.^[17] On Friday, September 10, 1971, Alberto Ginastera's opera, Beatrix Cenci premiered at the Kennedy Center's Opera House.

Architecture[link]

The Kennedy Center was designed by architect Edward Durell Stone.^[18] Overall, the building is 100 feet (30 m) high, 630 feet (190 m) long, and 300 feet (91 m) wide. The Kennedy Center features a 630-foot-long (190 m), 63-foot-high (19 m) grand foyer, with 16 hand-blown Orrefors crystal chandeliers (a gift from Sweden) and red carpeting. The Hall of States and the Hall of Nations are both 250-foot-long (76 m), 63-foot-high (19 m) corridors. The building has drawn criticism about its location (far away from Washington Metro stops), and for its scale and form,^[18] although it has also drawn praise for its acoustics, and its terrace overlooking the Potomac River.^[18] In her book On Architecture, Ada Louise Huxtable called it "gemütlich Speer".^[19]

Cyril M. Harris designed the Kennedy Center's auditoriums and their acoustics.^[20] A key consideration is that many aircraft fly along the Potomac River and overhead the Kennedy Center, as they take off and land at the nearby Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. Helicopter traffic over the Kennedy Center is also fairly high. To keep out this noise, the Kennedy Center was designed as a box within a box, giving each auditorium an extra outer shell.^[21]

Artwork[link]

Two tableaus are at the plaza entrance of the Kennedy Center by German sculptor Jürgen Weber. On the east side of the plaza at the entrance is a display of nude figures in scenes representing war and peace, called War or Peace. The piece (8 x 50 x 1.5 ft.) depicts five scenes showing the symbolism of war and peace: a war scene, murder, family, and creativity.^[22] On the west side is America which represents Weber's image of America (8 x 50 x 1.5 ft.). Four scenes are depicted representing threats to liberty, technology, foreign aid and survival, and free speech.^[23] Created between 1965 and 1971, the tableaus were a gift to the Kennedy Center from the West German government. It took the artist four years to sculpt the two reliefs in plaster, creating 200 castings, and another two years for the foundry in Berlin to cast the pieces. In 1994 the Smithsonian Institution's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program surveyed War or Peace and America and described them as being well maintained.^[22][23] Another sculpture Don Quixote by Aurelio Teno is outside the building.

Venues[link]

The Grand Foyer, at 63 feet (19 m) high and 630 feet (190 m) long, is one of the largest rooms in the world. If laid on its side, the Washington Monument would fit in this room with 75 feet (23 m) to spare.

The three main theaters at the Kennedy Center are the Concert Hall, Opera House, and the Eisenhower Theater.

Concert Hall[link]

The Concert Hall, located on the south side of the Center, seats about 2,400 and has a seating arrangement more similar to that used in many European halls such as Musikverein in Vienna. The Hadeland crystal chandeliers, a gift from Norway, were repositioned to provide a clearer view.^[14] Located behind the stage is a 4,144-pipe organ. This was a gift from the Filene Foundation of Boston. The Concert Hall is the largest performance space in the Kennedy Center and is the home of the National Symphony Orchestra. A 1997 renovation brought a high-tech acoustical canopy, accessible locations on every level, and new seating sections (onstage boxes, chorister seats, and parterre seats). The National Symphony Orchestra and the Kennedy Center announced that a new pipe organ will be installed in the concert hall beginning in 2012. The new organ is to be built by the Canadian organbuilder, Casavant Frères.^[24]

Opera House[link]

The Opera House, in the middle, has about 2,300 seats. Its interior features include much red velvet, as well as a distinctive red and gold silk curtain, which was a gift from Japan.^[14] The Opera House also features a Lobmeyr crystal chandelier, which was a gift from Austria.^[14] It is the major opera, ballet, and large-scale musical venue of the Center, and was closed for the 2003/2004 season for extensive renovations which provided a revised seating arrangement at the orchestra level plus re-designed entrances to this level. It is the home of the Washington National Opera and the annual Kennedy Center Honors./

Eisenhower Theater[link]

The Eisenhower Theater, on the north side, seats about 1,163 and is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who signed into law the National Cultural Center Act on September 2, 1958. It primarily hosts plays and musicals, smaller-scale operas, ballet and contemporary dance. The theater contains an orchestra pit for up to 35 musicians that is convertible to a forestage or additional seating space. In October 2008, a 16-month renovation of the theater (for which the color scheme and seating arrangements were altered) was completed.

Other performance venues[link]

Other performance venues in the Center include:

• The Family Theater, with 324 seats, was opened on December 9, 2005. It replaces what was once the American Film Institute Film Theater located off the Hall of States. The new Family Theater provides a home for world-class family theater performances for the nation's youth and continues the Kennedy Center's $125 million commitment to performing arts education for adults and children alike. Designed by the architectural firm Richter Cornbrooks Gribble, Inc. of Baltimore, the new theater incorporates the most modern theatrical innovations available, including: premium audio technologies; a computerized rigging system; and a digital video projection system.
• The Terrace Theater, with 513 seats, was constructed on the roof terrace level in the late 1970s as a Bicentennial gift from the people of Japan to the United States. It is used for intimate performances of chamber music, ballet and contemporary dance, and theater.
• The Theater Lab, with 399 seats for the current 23-year run of the whodunit, Shear Madness.
• The Millennium Stage. Part of the concept of "Performing Arts for Everyone" launched by then-Director James Johnson in the winter of 1997, the Millennium Stage provides free performances every evening at 6:00 pm on two specially created stages at either end of the Grand Foyer. A broad range of art forms are featured on the Millennium Stage. These include performing artists and groups from all 50 states and an Artist-in-Residence program featuring artists performing several evenings in a month. Every show on the Millennium Stage is available as a simulcast of the live show at 6:00 pm as well, and is archived for later viewing via the Kennedy Center's website. "Performing Arts for Everyone" was designed to introduce the Kennedy Center and its programs to a far wider audience than ever before by providing a performance open to the public and free of charge 365 days a year. In addition, "Performing Arts for Everyone" initiatives include low- and no-cost tickets available to performances on every stage of the Kennedy Center, and several outreach programs designed to increase access to the Center's tickets and performances.
• The KC Jazz Club. On March 12, 2003 the space formerly known as the Education Resource Center was officially designated the Terrace Gallery. It is now home to the Kennedy Center Jazz Club.

River and rooftop terraces[link]

The Kennedy Center also offers one of the only open air rooftop terraces in downtown Washington, DC free of charge to the public, open from 10:00 a.m. until midnight each day, except when closed for private events. The wide terrace provides four views: to the West, the Rosslyn skyline in Arlington, Virginia; to the South, the Potomac River and National Airport; to the North is the Washington Harbor and the Watergate Complex; to the East is the Lincoln Memorial, Department of State buildings, George Washington University and the Saudi Embassy.

Productions[link]

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Dance[link]

World premiere performances of Kennedy Center-commissioned works have been offered through a commissioning program for new ballet and dance works. These works have been created by America's foremost choreographers—Paul Taylor, Lar Lubovitch, and Merce Cunningham—for leading American dance companies including American Ballet Theatre, Ballet West, Houston Ballet, Pacific Northwest Ballet, Pennsylvania Ballet, and the San Francisco Ballet. Since 1999, the Kennedy Center has supported and produced the Suzanne Farrell Ballet in performances at the Center and on extended tours.

The Center sponsors two annual dance residency programs for young people; Exploring Ballet with Suzanne Farrell and the Dance Theatre of Harlem Residency Program, both now in their second decade. The Kennedy Center's Contemporary Dance series offers a wide range of artistic perspectives, from the foremost masters of the genre to the art form's newest and most exciting artists. In the 2008/2009 series, the Kennedy Center recognized Modern Masters of American Dance, bringing Martha Graham Dance Company, Merce Cunningham Dance Company, Limón Dance Company, Mark Morris Dance Group, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company and Paul Taylor Dance Company.

Education[link]

In recent years the Kennedy Center has dramatically expanded its education programs to reach young people, teachers, and families throughout the nation. In 2005, the Center opened its 324 seat Family Theater, which is home to many of the Center's Performances for Young Audiences.

For over 35 years, the Kennedy Center Education Department has provided arts experiences through performances, residencies, workshops, conferences, career development programs, symposia, and on-line and print resources. In the past year, the Center's education programs have directly impacted more than 11 million people across the nation. The Education Department fosters understandings and participation in the performing arts through programs and performances for diverse populations of all ages.

Performances for Young Audiences[link]

Theater for Young Audiences (TYA)

The 2008–2009 season programming for Performances for Young Audiences reached more than 100 performances for young people and their families and over 110 performances for school audiences. The season included four Kennedy Center-commissioned world premieres: The Trumpet of the Swan, a musical adapted by Pulitzer Prize winner Marsha Norman from the book by E.B. White with music by Jason Robert Brown; Mermaids, Monsters, and the World Painted Purple, a new play by Marco Ramirez; Unleashed! The Secret Lives of White House Pets, a new play by Allyson Currin in collaboration with the White House Historical Association; and OMAN...O man!, a new dance production conceived and directed by Debbie Allen and is part of the Center's Arab festival, Arabesque: Arts of the Arab World. Theater for Young Audiences on Tour toured with two nationally touring productions of The Phantom Tollbooth and Blues Journey.

National Symphony Orchestra Performances for Young Audiences

Members of the National Symphony Orchestra will continue to present Teddy Bear Concerts throughout its seasons. During these concerts, children aged three to five bring their favorite stuffed animal to interactive musical programs featuring members of the NSO. Members of the NSO present NSO Ensemble Concerts, connecting music with various school subjects such as science and math, Kinderkonzerts, introducing kids to orchestral instruments and classical composers, as well as NSO Family Concerts.

Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival (KCACTF)[link]

Started in 1969 by Roger L. Stevens, the Kennedy Center's founding chairman, the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival (KCACTF) is a national theater program involving 18,000 students from colleges and universities nationwide which has served as a catalyst in improving the quality of college theater in the United States. The KCACTF has grown into a network of more than 600 academic institutions throughout the country, where theater departments and student artists showcase their work and receive outside assessment by KCACTF respondents. Since its establishment in 1969, KCACTF has reached more than 17.5 million theatergoing students and teachers nationwide.

Changing Education Through the Arts (CETA)[link]

The Kennedy Center's CETA program's mission is make the arts a critical component in every child's education. CETA, which stands for Changing Education Through the Arts, creates professional development opportunities for teachers and school administrators. Each year over 700 teachers participate approximately 60 courses that focus on ways to integrate the arts into their teaching.^[25] The Kennedy Center's CETA program also partners with sixteen schools in the Washington DC Metro area to develop long-range plan for arts integration at their school. Two of these schools, Kensington Parkwood Elementary School in Kensington, MD and Woodburn Elementary School for the Fine and Communicative Arts in Falls Church, VA serve as Research and Development schools for CETA.

Festivals[link]

The Kennedy Center presents festivals celebrating cities, countries, and regions of the world. The festivals are filled with a wide range of performing arts, visual arts, cuisine, and multi-media. In 2008, the Center presented an exploration of the culture of Japan entitled Japan! culture + hyperculture. The 2009 Arab festival was an unprecedented exploration of the culture of the 22 Arab countries in the League of Arab States, titled Arabesque: Arts of the Arab World. In 2011, the Kennedy Center will present maximum INDIA, a three-week-long celebration of the arts and culture of the sub-continent.

Jazz[link]

Since its establishment in September 1971, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts has showcased world-class jazz in solo, various ensembles, and big band settings. In 1994, the Kennedy Center appointed Dr. Billy Taylor as Artistic Advisor for Jazz, and his first installation was his own radio show Billy Taylor's Jazz at the Kennedy Center. Featuring his trio and guest artists in performance and discussion, the series ran for seven seasons on NPR. Since Taylor's appointment in 1994, the Center has initiated numerous performance programs to promote jazz on a national stage, featuring leading international artists and rising stars, including: the Art Tatum Piano Panorama, named after Dr. Taylor's mentor; the Louis Armstrong Legacy, highlighting vocalists; the Mary Lou Williams Women in Jazz Festival, the first festival by a major institution promoting outstanding female jazz artists; Beyond Category, featuring artists whose work transcends genre; the Platinum Series, with internationally acclaimed headliners; Jazz Ambassadors with the United States Department of State, sending musicians on worldwide goodwill tours (1998–2004); the KC Jazz Club, a highly praised intimate setting; and Discovery Artists in the KC Jazz Club, highlighting up-and-coming talent. Kennedy Center and NPR annually collaborate on the beloved holiday broadcast NPR's Piano Jazz Christmas. Since 2003, the Center's jazz programs have been regularly broadcast on NPR's JazzSet with Dee Dee Bridgewater. Recent highlights, produced by the Center, have included Great Vibes, A Salute to Lionel Hampton (1995); Billy Taylor's 80th Birthday Celebration (2002); Nancy Wilson, A Career Celebration (2003); Michel Legrand with Patti Austin, part of the Center's Festival of France (2004); A Tribute to Shirley Horn (2004); James Moody's 80th Birthday (2005); and Benny Golson at 80 (2009). In March 2007, the Center hosted a once-in-a-lifetime celebration, Jazz in Our Time, which bestowed the Center's Living Jazz Legend Award to over 30 revered artists. During Dr. Taylor's tenure, the Center has created recognized educational initiatives, including national jazz satellite distance-learning programs; adult lecture series; master classes and workshops with national artists and local metropolitan Washington, D.C. students; and Betty Carter's Jazz Ahead—continuing the singer's legacy of identifying outstanding young talent.

National Symphony Orchestra (NSO)[link]

The National Symphony Orchestra, the Kennedy Center's artistic affiliate since 1987, has commissioned dozens of new works, among them Stephen Albert's RiverRun, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music; Morton Gould's Stringmusic, also a Pulitzer Prize-winner; William Bolcolm's Sixth Symphony, and Michael Daugherty's UFO, a concerto for solo percussion and orchestra.

In addition to its regular season concerts, the National Symphony Orchestra presents a host of outreach, education, and pops programs, as well as concerts at Wolf Trap each year. The annual American Residencies for the Kennedy Center is a program unique to the National Symphony Orchestra and the Center. The Center sends the Orchestra to a different state each year for an intensive period of performances and teaching encompassing full orchestral, chamber, and solo concerts, master classes and other teaching sessions. The Orchestra has given these residencies in 20 states so far: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, North and South Carolina, Oklahoma, North and South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Nevada, and Wyoming/Montana.

The NSO recording of John Corigliano's Of Rage and Remembrance won a Grammy Award in 1996.

Performing Arts for Everyone (PAFE)[link]

The Kennedy Center is the only U.S. institution that presents a free performance 365 days a year. The Millennium Stage, created as part of the Center's Performing Arts for Everyone initiative in 1997 and underwritten by James A. Johnson and Maxine Isaacs, features a broad spectrum of performing arts, from dance and jazz, to chamber music and folk, comedy, storytelling and theater. In the past twelve years, over three million people have attended Millennium Stage performances. The Millennium Stage has presented more than 42,000 artists, which includes over 4,000 international artists from more than 70 countries; performers representing all 50 states; and 20,000 Washington-area ensembles and solo artists. The Charlie Byrd Trio and the Billy Taylor Trio were the first artists to delight audiences with a free performance on March 1, 1997. In 1999, the Center began web-casting each night's live performance, and continues to archive and maintain each event in a database of over 3,000 performances which may be accessed via the Center's website.

Theater[link]

The Center has co-produced more than 300 new works of theater over the past 37 years, including Tony-winning shows ranging from Annie in 1977 to A Few Good Men, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, The King and I, Titanic, and the American premiere of Les Misérables. The Center also produced the Sondheim Celebration (six Stephen Sondheim musicals) in 2002, Tennessee Williams Explored (three of Tennessee Williams' classic plays) in 2004, Mame (musical)Mame starring Christine Baranski in 2006, Carnival! in 2007, August Wilson's Pittsburgh Cycle (Wilson's complete ten-play cycle performed as fully staged readings) and Broadway: Three Generations both in 2008, and a new production of Ragtime in 2009. The Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays has provided critical support in the development of 135 new theatrical works. In 2011, a new production of Follies starring Bernadette Peters will open at the Eisenhower Theater.^{[needs update]}

Kennedy Center Honors[link]

Wikinews has related news: Kennedy Center names 2007 honors recipients

Since 1978, the Kennedy Center Honors have been awarded annually by the Center's Board of Trustees. Each year, five artists or groups are honored for their lifetime contributions to American culture and the performing arts, including dance, music, theater, opera, film, and television.^[26] The Center has awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor since 1998.

Local performing arts organizations[link]

Many local arts organizations present their work at the Kennedy Center. Some of these include:

• Washington National Opera: www.dc-opera.org
  See also: Washington National Opera, The Washington Ballet, American Film Institute, VSA arts, and Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company
• Washington Ballet: www.washingtonballet.org
• Washington Performing Arts Society: www.wpas.org
• American Film Institute: www.afi.com
• The Cathedral Choral Society of Washington: www.cathedralchoralsociety.org
• Choral Arts Society of Washington: www.choralarts.org
• The Masterworks Chorus: www.masterworkschorus.com
• Opera Lafayette: www.operalafayette.org
• Theater Chamber Players: www.theaterchamberplayers.org
• Vocal Arts Society of Washington, DC: www.vocalartssociety.org
• VSA arts: www.vsarts.org
• The Washington Chorus: www.thewashingtonchorus.org
• Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company: www.woollymammoth.net
• Young Concert Artists of Washington: www.yca.org

Other events[link]

During the American Bicentennial, numerous special events were held at the Kennedy Center throughout 1976, including six commissioned plays.^[27] Free performances by groups from each state were also held at the Kennedy Center.^[28] In December 1976, Mikhail Baryshnikov's version of The Nutcracker ballet played for two weeks.^[29]

The Kennedy Center also hosts special inauguration events and galas.

In 1977, the Opera House hosted George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra with Rex Harrison and Elizabeth Ashley.^[30] The American Ballet Theater has also frequently performed at the Kennedy Center.^[31] Their 2004 production of Swan Lake, choreographed by Kevin McKenzie, was taped there, shown on PBS in June 2005, and released on DVD shortly after.

Productions of Disney's The Lion King and Trevor Nunn's production of My Fair Lady (choreographed by Matthew Bourne) were presented in the 2007–2008 season, to name a few.^[32]

VSA[link]

VSA (formerly VSA Arts) is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1974 by Ambassador Jean Kennedy Smith to create a society where people with disabilities learn through, participate in, and enjoy the arts. VSA provides educators, parents, and artists with resources and the tools to support arts programming in schools and communities. VSA showcases the accomplishments of artists with disabilities and promotes increased access to the arts for people with disabilities. Each year 7 million people participate in VSA programs through a nationwide network of affiliates and in 54 countries around the world.

Renovations[link]

Kennedy Center at night

On June 16, 1971, Congress authorized appropriations for one year to the Board of Trustees for operating and maintenance expenses.^[33] In following years, the appropriations were provided to the National Park Service for operations, maintenance, security, safety and other functions not directly related to the performing arts functions.^[33] The National Park Service and the Kennedy Center signed a cooperative agreement requiring each party to pay a portion of the operating and maintenance costs based on what proportion of time the building was to be used for performing arts functions.^[34] The agreement did not specify who was responsible for long-term capital improvement projects at the Kennedy Center, along with only periodic funding by Congress for one-time projects, the condition of the facility had deteriorated by 1990.^[34]

In fiscal years 1991 and 1992, Congress recommended that $27.7 million be allocated for capital improvement projects at the Kennedy Center, including $12 million for structural repairs to the garage, and $15.7 million for structural and mechanical repairs, as well as projects for improving handicapped access.^[35] In 1994, Congress gave full responsibility to the Kennedy Center for capital improvement projects and facility management.^[36] From 1995 to 2005, over $200 million of federal funds were allocated to the Kennedy Center for long-term capital projects, repairs, and to bring the center into compliance with modern fire safety and accessibility codes.^[36] Improvements included renovation of the Concert Hall, Opera House, plaza-level public spaces, and a new fire alarm system.^[37] The renovations projects were completed 13 to 50 percent over budget, due to modifications of plans during the renovations resulting in overtime and other penalties.^[38] Renovations to the Eisenhower Theater were completed in 2008.^[32]

Management[link]

Michael Kaiser, who came to the Center from the Royal Opera House Covent Garden in London with a reputation for major fundraising^[39] is the current President. Earlier he headed the American Ballet Theatre, and founded a successful consulting firm called Kaiser Associates. He oversees all the artistic activities at the Kennedy Center, has increased the Center's already broad educational efforts, established cross-disciplinary programming with opera, symphony and dance, established an Institute for Arts Management, created theater festivals^[40] celebrating the works of Stephen Sondheim and Tennessee Williams, and August Wilson, produced major international arts festivals, and arranged for continuing visits by Saint Petersburg's Mariinsky Theatre Opera, Ballet, and Orchestra, and the Royal Shakespeare Company.^[40]

David M. Rubenstein is the Chairman of the Kennedy Center.

Board of Trustees[link]

The Board of Trustees of the Kennedy Center (more formally known as the Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts), maintain and administer the Center and its site.

The honorary chairs of the Board of Trustees are the First Lady and her living predecessors. Members of the board are specified by 20 USC 76h and include:

• Ex officio members such as the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Librarian of Congress, the Secretary of State (substituting for the Director of the United States Information Agency after that agency was abolished), the Chairman of the Commission of Fine Arts, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, the Superintendent of Schools of the District of Columbia, the Director of the National Park Service, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
• Thirty-six general trustees appointed by the President of the United States for six-year terms. As of mid-2009, Board members are:

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

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Kennedy may refer to:

People[link]

• Kennedy (surname)
• Kennedy (given name)
• Anthony Kennedy, an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court
• Clan Kennedy of Scotland
• Kennedy (Ireland), a royal dynasty
• Lisa Kennedy Montgomery aka Kennedy, a former MTV video jockey
• Jamie Kennedy, an American comedian, rapper, and actor
• Myles Kennedy, an American rock singer and guiitarist
• Myles Burton Kennedy
• Nigel Kennedy (politician)

Kennedy political family[link]

• Kennedy family
  • John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States
  • Robert F. Kennedy, Senator from New York, Presidential candidate in 1968
  • Ted Kennedy, Senator from Massachusetts

Places[link]

• Kennedy Road (disambiguation).
• List of peaks named Kennedy Peak
• Division of Kennedy, an electoral district in Queensland, Australia
• Kennedy, Alabama, Alabama, United States
• Kennedy (Bogotá), Bogotá, Colombia
• Kennedy, California, California, United States
• Kennedy, Minnesota, Minnesota, United States
• Kennedy, Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
• Kennedy, Wisconsin, Wisconsin, United States
• Kennedy (TTC), a subway station located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
• Kennedy GO Station, a GO Transit station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
• Kennedy Island, Solomon Islands
• Kennedy Plaza, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
• Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States
• Kennedy Town, Hong Kong
• Kennedy Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States
• Kennedy Town Station, a proposed Mass Transit Railway terminus in Kennedy Town, Hong Kong
• Kennedy Lake, Vancouver Island, Canada
• Kennedy Channel, a sea passage between Canada and Greenland
• Kennedy VIVA Station, a York Region Transit bus station in Markham, Ontario, Canada
• Presidente Kennedy, Espírito Santo, a municipality in Brazil
• Presidente Kennedy, Tocantins, a municipality in Brazil
• Rue John Kennedy, a street in Beirut, Lebanon

Schools[link]

• Kennedy Middle School (disambiguation).

Popular culture[link]

• Kennedy (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), fictional character in Buffy the Vampire Slayer
• Kennedy (television), Irish television chat show
• Kennedy (TV miniseries), a TV miniseries about the life of President Kennedy
• The Kennedys (TV miniseries), a TV miniseries chronicling the lives of the Kennedy family
• Leon S. Kennedy, fictional character in Resident Evil

Other[link]

• Kennedy (musician), American electronica artist
• Kennedy's disease, neuromuscular disease
• Kennedy Doctrine, U.S. policy towards Latin America in the early 1960s
• Kennedy Mall in Dubuque, Iowa
• Kennedy march, a 50-mile-walk completed within 20 hours
• Kennedy Mine in Jackson, California
• Kennedy Round, international trade negotiations held during the mid-1960s
• USS Kennedy, any of various U.S. naval vessels
• Kathryn Kennedy Winery, California winery in the Santa Cruz Mountains

See also[link]

• Kennedy High School

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Look up center, centre, or Centre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Center or centre may refer to:

Mathematics and science[link]

• Centre (geometry), the middle of an object
• Center (algebra), uses of "center" in algebra
• Centroid, geometric center
• Center of mass
• Center (group theory), in abstract algebra, the subgroup consisting of those elements which commute with all other elements
• Center of symmetry, in geometry, a point that is well-distant from the boundary of a figure
• Graph center, the vertices in a graph that minimize the maximal distance from all other vertices
• Center of gravity (military)

Sports[link]

• Center (American football), a position in American and Canadian football
• Centre (Australian rules football), a position in Australian football
• Centre Back, a position in association football
• Center (basketball), a position in basketball
• Centre forward (also known as Striker), a position in association football and Water Polo
• Centre (ice hockey), a position in ice hockey
• Centre (rugby league), a position in rugby league
• Centre (rugby union), a position in rugby union
• Center fielder, often called "center", a position in baseball

Places[link]

• Downtown, or center
• Central business district

Place names spelled Center

• Center, Celje, Slovenia, a neighbourhood
• Center, Maribor, Slovenia, a district
• Center, Colorado, United States, a city
• Center, Indiana, United States, a town
• Center, Jay County, Indiana, United States
• Center, Kentucky, United States, a town
• Center, Missouri, United States, a city
• Center, Nebraska, United States, a village
• Center, North Dakota, United States, a city
• Center, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States, a town
• Center, Portland, Oregon, United States, a neighborhood
• Center, Rock County, Wisconsin, United States, a town
• Center, Texas, United States, a city
• Center, Washington

Place names spelled Centre

• Centre, Alabama, United States, a city
• Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States
• Centre (French region), an administrative region in France
• Centru (development region), a region in Romania
• Centre Department, an administrative region in Haiti
• Centre Region (Cameroon)
• Centre Region (Burkina Faso)

Arts[link]

• Tonic (music), in tonal music, the central or most important pitch
• Center (music band), a famous Russian-speaking band

Education[link]

• Centre College, a liberal arts college in Danville, Kentucky, United States
• Yields Learning Centre, a learning centre for primary and secondary school students in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong

Other[link]

• Area Control Center, an Air Traffic Control facility covering a large region of airspace not associated with a particular airport
• The Center, a paranormal organization in the Martin Mystery series
• Centers (Fourth Way), a human biological, psychological and spiritual nexus of energy process, equivalent to the concept of a Chakra
• Centrism, the middle ground between the left wing and the right wing
• Civic center
• Community centre
  • Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center, a New York City non-profit organization commonly known as the Center
• Cultural center
• Lathe center, used in machining operations
• Social center

See also[link]

• Center Township (disambiguation)
• Central (disambiguation)
• Centre Party (disambiguation)
• The Centre (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Jamey Johnson
Johnson performing in 2008
Background information
Born	(1975-07-14) July 14, 1975 (age 36)[1] Enterprise, Alabama, USA
Origin	Montgomery, Alabama, USA
Genres	Country
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, guitar
Years active	2005–present
Labels	BNA Mercury Nashville
Associated acts	Trace Adkins Randy Houser John Michael Montgomery Joe Nichols James Otto George Strait George Jones
Website	JameyJohnson.com

Jamey Johnson (born July 14, 1975) is an American Grammy Award nominated country music artist. Signed to BNA Records in 2005, Johnson made his debut with his single "The Dollar," the title track to his 2006 album The Dollar. Johnson was dropped from BNA in 2006 and signed to Mercury Nashville Records in March 2008, releasing his second album, the gold-certified That Lonesome Song. This album has produced two more singles: the Top 10 hit "In Color" and "High Cost of Living." In addition to most of his own material, Johnson has co-written singles for Trace Adkins, George Strait, James Otto, Joe Nichols and Jessie James.

Career[link]

Johnson was born on July 14, 1975, in Enterprise, Alabama, but raised in Montgomery, Alabama. From an early age, he was influenced by country acts such as Alabama and Alan Jackson, the latter of whom was the first act that he saw in concert.^[2] After graduating high school (Jeff Davis High School), Johnson attended Jacksonville State University, the same university from which Alabama lead singer Randy Owen graduated.^[2] During his time at Jacksonville State University, he was a member of Sigma Nu in the Iota Lambda chapter.

Johnson quit college after two years and served in the United States Marine Corps Reserve for eight years.^[2] He served in Company L, 3rd Battalion 23rd Marines as a mortarman (MOS 0341) and attained the rank of corporal. He would often play original songs for his fellow Marines and has kept in contact with many of them. He wrote two songs on his initial self-released album that mention his Marine Corps service. After exiting the Marines, he began playing country music in various bars throughout Montgomery; one of his first gigs was opening for David Allan Coe.^[2] By 2000, Johnson had moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in pursuit of a career in country music. He also self-released an album called They Call Me Country. One of his first connections was with Greg Perkins, a fiddler who had played for Tanya Tucker and other artists. Perkins invited Johnson to sing as a duet partner on a demo tape; the other duet partner with whom he sang was Gretchen Wilson.^[2] Songs for which Johnson sang demos include "Songs About Me" (cut by Trace Adkins) and "That's How They Do It in Dixie" (cut by Hank Williams, Jr. with Big & Rich, Gretchen Wilson, and Van Zant).^[2]

In addition, Johnson had made connections with producer and songwriter Buddy Cannon, who helped him land a songwriting contract.^[3] Among Johnson's first cuts as a songwriter was "Honky Tonk Badonkadonk," which Adkins released from his 2005 album Songs About Me. That song he co-wrote along with hit songwriter Dallas Davidson and fellow country singer-songwriter Randy Houser, who later worked with Johnson again co-writing "My Cowboy" for country pop singer Jessie James for her self-titled debut album.

Musical career[link]

By 2005, Johnson had also been signed to a recording contract with BNA Records. His first single, entitled "The Dollar," was released that year, followed by his Buddy Cannon-produced debut album (also entitled The Dollar) in March 2006. "The Dollar" went on to peak at #14 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. The album's second single, "Rebelicious," failed to enter the charts and Johnson was dropped from BNA.

After the loss of his record deal, Johnson divorced his wife and took on a reclusive lifestyle, residing in a friend's house while working on his songwriting.^[4] He wrote several songs for other artists. In 2006, George Strait reached #1 on the Country chart with "Give It Away," a song which Johnson co-wrote with Bill Anderson and Cannon. This song became Strait's 51st #1 on the Billboard country charts, setting a new record for most #1s on that chart.

In 2007, Trace Adkins charted with two more songs that Johnson co-wrote: "Ladies Love Country Boys" and "I Got My Game On," the former being Adkins' first #1 in 10 years. Also in 2007, Joe Nichols reached Top 20 with "Another Side of You," another song co-written by Johnson. This song was the first single on Nichols's album Real Things, which also contained "She's All Lady," a song that Johnson originally recorded on The Dollar.

Johnson was part of the Fox TV television series Nashville,^[5] which was cancelled after two episodes in September 2007.

Johnson released an album in 2008, That Lonesome Song, which was only made available online.^[4] The album drew the attention of Mercury Nashville Records, who signed him to a record deal in 2008. His first single for the label, "In Color," was released in March 2008. This song, which Johnson co-wrote with Lee Thomas Miller and James Otto, entered Top 40 in June 2008, and That Lonesome Song was physically released in August of that year. "In Color" peaked at #9 on the Country chart in January 2009 and was followed a month later by "High Cost of Living," which managed to crack the Top 40, but only reaching #34. By April 2009, That Lonesome Song was certified Gold by the RIAA.

A fifth single, "My Way to You," was issued in July 2009. The song was released to radio on July 13, 2009, and debuted at #56 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The song peaked at #52 in September 2009.

Johnson was nominated for the 2009 CMA Awards New Artist of the Year, and has been nominated for the 2010 Academy of Country Music Top New Solo Vocalist.

Johnson's single "Playing the Part," was released in summer 2010 and included on The Guitar Song, released September 14, 2010. The music video for the single was released in October, and was directed by Matthew McConaughey, who also stars in the video as a dancing gorilla.

Johnson is the supporting act on Kid Rock's 2011 Born Free Tour, accompanying Rock on a duet or two most concerts.

Johnson is a main stage act on Willie Nelson's Country Throwdown May–July 2011.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Singles[link]

Music videos[link]

Other appearances[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

Johnson received three Grammy Award nominations at the 51st Grammy Awards: Best Country Album for That Lonesome Song, and Best Country Song and Best Male Country Vocal Performance for "In Color."^[14] "In Color" won the Academy of Country Music's 2009 award for Song of the Year and the same award during the 2009 Country Music Association Awards. Going into 2010, Johnson received two more Grammy Award nominations for the 52nd Grammy Awards: Best Country Song and Best Male Country Vocal Performance, both for his 2009 single "High Cost of Living."^[15]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Site
• Official Jamey Johnson UMG Nashville Artist Page