Michael Hardt

Michael Hardt speaking at the Seminário Internacional Mundo. 2008
Born	1960 Washington, D.C.
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western Philosophy
School	Continental philosophy, Autonomist thought, Queer theory
Main interests	Political philosophy, literature
Influenced by Antonio Negri

Michael Hardt at Subversive Film Festival

Michael Hardt (born 1960)^[1] is an American literary theorist and political philosopher perhaps best known for Empire, written with Antonio Negri and published in 2000.^[2] It has been praised as the "Communist Manifesto of the 21st Century."^[3]

Hardt and his co-author suggest that what they view as forces of contemporary class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark social change of unprecedented dimensions. A sequel, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, published in August 2004, details the notion, first propounded in Empire, of the multitude as possible locus of a democratic movement of global proportions.

The third and final part of the trilogy, Commonwealth, appeared in the Fall of 2009.

Biography[link]

Born in Washington, D.C., Hardt attended Winston Churchill High School in Potomac, Maryland. He studied engineering at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania from 1978 to 1983. In college during the 1970s energy crisis, he began to take an interest in alternative energy sources.^[1] Talking about his college politics, he said, "I thought that doing alternative energy engineering for third world countries would be a way of doing politics that would get out of all this campus political posing that I hated."

After college, he worked for various solar energy companies.^[2] Hardt also worked with non-governmental organizations in Central America on tasks like bringing donated computers from the United States and putting them together for the University of El Salvador. Yet, he says that this political activity did more for him than it did for the Salvadorans.

In 1983, he moved to Seattle to study comparative literature at the University of Washington.^[1] While there, he received an M.A. in 1986 and his PhD in 1990.^[4] From there he went to Paris where he would meet Negri.

Hardt speaks fluent French, Spanish and Italian and is Professor of Literature and Italian at Duke University and a Professor of Philosophy and Politics at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee.^[2]

Ideas[link]

Hardt is concerned with the joy of political life, and has stated, "One has to expand the concept of love beyond the limits of the couple."^[5] The politics of the multitude is not solely about controlling the means of productivity or liberating one's own subjectivity. These two are also linked to love and joy of political life and realizing political goals.

Hardt does not consider teaching a revolutionary occupation, nor does he think the college is a particularly political institution. "But thinking of politics now as a project of social transformation on a large scale, I'm not at all convinced that political activity can come from the university."^[6]

Hardt says visions of a public education and equal and open access to the university are gradually disappearing: the "war on terror" has promoted only limited military and technological knowledges, while the required skills of the biopolitical economy, "the creation of ideas, images, code, affects, and other immaterial goods" are not yet recognized as the primary key to economic innovation.^[7]

Duke Lacrosse Controversy[link]

During the 2006 Duke University lacrosse case, he was one of the so-called Group of 88 professors who, shortly after members of the university's lacrosse team were accused of rape, signed a controversial letter attacking the players and thanking protesters for "making a collective noise" on "what happened to this young woman."^[8] After a year-long ordeal that is now widely viewed as one of the most conspicuous miscarriages of justices by a prosecutor in modern American history, the lacrosse players were found innocent of the rape charges. The "Group of 88" letter has since come to be regarded as a notorious example of unfair prejudgment.^[9]

Co-authorship with Antonio Negri[link]

Most of Hardt's works have been co-written with Antonio Negri, who was in prison for most of his career.

Occupation movements of 2011-2012[link]

In May 2012 Hardt and Negri self-published an electronic pamphlet on the occupation and encampment movements of 2011-2012 called Declaration that argues the movement explores new forms of democracy. The introduction was published at Jacobin under the title "Take Up the Baton."

Bibliography[link]

Books[link]

• Gilles Deleuze: an Apprenticeship in Philosophy, ISBN 0-8166-2161-6, 1993
• Labor of Dionysus: a Critique of the State-form, with Antonio Negri, ISBN 0-8166-2086-5, 1994
• Empire, with Antonio Negri, ISBN 0-674-00671-2, 2000
• Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, with Antonio Negri, ISBN 1-59420-024-6, 2004
• Commonwealth, with Antonio Negri, ISBN 0-674-03511-9, 2009

Electronic Pamphlet / Kindle single[link]

• Declaration, with Antonio Negri, ASIN: B00816QAFY

Articles[link]

• "The Withering of Civil Society". Social Text (Duke University Press) (45): 27–44. 1995. 
• "Prison Time". Yale French Studies (Yale University Press) (91): 64–79. 1997. 
• "Affective Labor". boundary 2 (Duke University Press) 26 (2): 89–100. 1999. 
• Hardt, Michael; Antonio Negri (1999). "Value and Affect". boundary 2 (Duke University Press) 26 (2): 77–88. 
• Hardt, Michael; Antonio Negri (2003). "The Rod of the Forest Warden: A Response to Timothy Brennan". Critical Inquiry (The University of Chicago Press) 29 (2): 368–373. 
• "Take Up the Baton."

Film appearances[link]

• Marx Reloaded, Arte, April 2011.
• Examined Life, Sphinx Productions, 87 min., 2008.
• Antonio Negri: A Revolt that Never Ends, ZDF/Arte, 52 min., 2004.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri

• Michael Hardt @ European Graduate School. Faculty Page with Biography, Bibliography and Video Lectures.
• Michael Hardt @ Duke University
• Full text of Empire [1]
• Slavoj Žižek. "Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto For the Twenty-First Century?" European Graduate School. (2001)
• Michael Hardt. "Sovereignty" Theory & Event. Volume 5, Issue 4, 2001
• Michael Hardt. "The Withering of Civil Society" Social Text. No. 45 Winter, 1995. pp. 27–44
• Michael Hardt. "Porto Alegre – Today's Bandung?" New Left Review. No. 14, March–April 2002
• Ed Vulliamy. "Empire hits back" The Guardian. July 15, 2010. Profile of Hardt in the Guardian.

Interviews

• Real Democracy: An interview with Michael Hardt Michael Hardt talks to Shift Magazine about the global democracy movement.
• Astra Taylor's 2008 film Examined Life features Hardt rowing a boat in Central Park and ruminating on revolution.
• "For the Love of the Multitude" a conversation with Michael Hardt on The T-Machine
• "The Collaborator and the Multitude: An Interview with Michael Hardt" Hardt talks about Multitude, the sequel to Empire. (2004)
• "An Interview with Michael Hardt" (March 27–28, 2004) Hardt talks about the Free Trade Area of the Americas with dissidentvoice.org.
• "Conversation with Michael Hardt" Part of the 'Conversations with History' series organized by Harry Kreisler.
• Croatian Radio Interview
• "Power Within a Global Paradigm: Prof Michael Hardt Speaks in Olin"
• "Interview with Aut-Op-Sy" Interview conducted by the autonomist email list "Aut-Op-Sy".

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2010)

Grace Lee Boggs at her home in Detroit in 2012.

Grace Lee Boggs (born June 27, 1915) is an author, lifelong social activist and feminist. She is known for her years of political collaboration with C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya in the 1940s and 1950s. She eventually went off in her own political direction in the 1960s with her husband of some forty years, James Boggs, until his death in 1993. By 1998, she had written four books, including an autobiography. In 2011, still active at the age of 95, she wrote a fifth book, The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century, co-written by Scott Kurashige and published by the University of California Press.

Biography[link]

Born Grace Lee in Providence, Rhode Island, she was the Chinese-American daughter of a restaurant owner. Her mother acted as an early feminist role model. She studied at Barnard College on a scholarship and graduated in 1935 where she was influenced by Kant and especially Hegel. She received her PhD from Bryn Mawr College in 1940 where she wrote her dissertation on George Herbert Mead. Facing significant barriers in the academic world as a woman of color in the 1940s, she took a job at low wages at the University of Chicago Philosophy Library. As a result of their activism on tenants' rights, she joined the far left Workers Party (US), known for its Third Camp position regarding the Soviet Union which it saw as bureaucratic collectivist. At this point, she began the trajectory that would follow her for the rest of her life: a focus on struggles in the African-American community.

She met C.L.R. James during a speaking engagement in Chicago and moved to New York. She met many important activists and cultural figures such as Richard Wright and Katharine Dunham. She also translated into English many of the essays in Karl Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 for the first time. She soon joined the Johnson-Forest tendency led by C.L.R. James, Raya Dunayevskaya and Lee. They focused more centrally on marginalized groups such as women, people of color and youth as well as breaking with the notion of the vanguard party. While originally operating as a tendency of the Workers Party (US), they briefly rejoined the Socialist Workers Party (United States) before leaving the Trotskyist left entirely. The Johnson-Forest tendency also characterized the USSR as State Capitalist. She wrote for the Johnson-Forest tendency under the party pseudonym Ria Stone. She married African American auto worker and political activist James Boggs in 1953 with whom she politically collaborated for decades and moved to Detroit in the same year. Detroit would be the focus of her activism for the rest of her life.

When C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya split in the mid-1950s into Correspondence Publishing Committee led by James and News and Letters led by Dunayevskaya, Grace Lee Boggs and James Boggs supported Correspondence Publishing Committee which C.L.R. James tried to advise while in exile in Britain.

In 1962, the Boggses broke with C.L.R. James and continued Correspondence Publishing Committee along with Lyman Paine and Freddy Paine, while C.L.R. James' supporters, such as Martin Glaberman, continued on as a new if short-lived organization, Facing Reality. The ideas that formed the basis for the 1962 split can be seen as reflected in James Boggs' book, The American Revolution: Pages from a Black Worker's Notebook. Grace Lee Boggs unsuccessfully attempted to convince Malcolm X to run for the United States Senate in 1964. In these years, Boggs wrote a number of books, including Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century with James Boggs and focused on community activism in Detroit where she became a very widely known activist.

She founded Detroit Summer, a multicultural intergenerational youth program, in 1992 and has also been the recipient of numerous awards. As recently as 2005, she continued to write a column for the Michigan Citizen newspaper.

Bibliography[link]

• Revolution and Evolution in the Twentieth Century. (with James Boggs). (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974).
• Women and the Movement to Build a New America (Detroit: National Organization for an American Revolution, 1977).
• Conversations in Maine: Exploring Our Nation's Future (with James Boggs, Freddy Paine and Lyman Paine). (Boston: South End Press, 1978).
• Living for Change: An Autobiography (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998).
• The Next American Revolution with Scott Kurashige University of California www.ucpress.edu Suatainable Activism for The Twenty-First Century 2011 (Age 95)

References[link]

• Paul Buhle, "An Asian-American Tale" Monthly Review (January 1999), pp. 47–50.
• Grace Lee Boggs, Living for Change: An Autobiography (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998).
• Martin Glaberman, "The Revolutionary Optimist: Remembering C.L.R. James", Against the Current #72 (January/February 1998)
• Neil Fettes, "Living for Change" Red & Black Notes, #7, Winter 1999

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Grace Lee Boggs

• The Boggs Center Home Page

Video[link]

• Grace Lee Boggs interviewed on Democracy Now!, January 20, 2008
• Grace Lee Boggs interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 15, 2007
• Boggs on the Financial Meltdown and Social Change - video report by Democracy Now!
• "The Only Way to Survive is By Taking Care of One Another" - video report by Democracy Now!

Grace Lee (Korean: 이경희; born Lee Kyung Hee) is a Korean television host and radio disc jockey working in the Philippines. She is the third Korean expatriate to appear prominently in Philippine television, after Sandara Park, Ryan Bang and her fellow DJs Sam Oh and Jinri Park.^[1] She can speak Tagalog and English in addition to her native Korean.^[2]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Lee was born and raised in Seoul, but moved to the Philippines at the age of 10 because of her father's business, which involved importing Korean cars. She studied from second grade to senior high school at St. Paul College in Pasig City and graduated from Ateneo de Manila University, where she obtained her Communication Arts degree.^[2] Before becoming a TV host, she has been hosting events for Korean-Filipino communities as well as being an official interpreter for Malacañang.

Career[link]

Lee planned on becoming a journalist. She sent her résumé to major television studios in the Philippines and received a callback from GMA Network.^[2] She landed her first Philippine TV hosting job in March 2007 as a segment host on Q Network’s lifestyle-magazine show "The Sweet Life". Among her first assignments include featuring life in Korea where she gets to wear traditional female garb as well as interviewing prominent Korean celebrities such as Yoon Se Ah of Lovers in Prague and King Sejong the Great drama series.^[3][4]

She recently joined Magic 89.9's morning radio show Good Times With Mo with Mo Twister and Mojo Jojo as a replacement for Andi-9.^[2] Lee is also a Manila correspondent for Yonhap Television News in Korea, as well as teaches at the Manila New Life Church's Sunday school for preschool students and takes part in various outreach programs.^[3]

Grace Lee hosted a cooking reality show, "Eateria" that aired every Sunday mornings on GMA Network. Lee also hosted "Diz Iz It" that aired 6 days a week on GMA.

She is now a guest segment anchor both for Balitanghali on GMA News TV on weekdays, and 24 Oras Weekend Edition on Saturdays on GMA Network.

She is currently in a relationship with the president of the Philippines, Benigno Aquino III. She admitted to the relationship on her show stating in response to the presidents claim of their relationship, "what the president said is true.". ^[5] On March 6, 2012, Grace Lee reported in a formal and genial letter, stating that her time has come to exit. DJ Mo puts the blame on himself, saying that he was indirectly the cause for the recent breakdown of the show. Currently, they are now looking for a replacement. Grace Lee made her last appearance on THURSDAY, March 8, 2012. She has stated in the show that prior to common rumours, Grace Lee's decisions to leave the show had nothing to do with the President. In fact, Grace Lee only told PNoy during Wednesday. Surprisingly, Grace Lee was already planning on leaving the show last year. It has been said that she had been emotionally struggling, but although she will quit the show, she will still be part of the Magic 89.9 family

TV Shows[link]

See also[link]

• Sam Oh
• Sandara Park

References[link]

See also, Pedro Reyes (Artist)

Pedro Antonio Reyes González (born 13 November 1972 in Antofagasta, Chile) is a former Chilean football defender.

He was capped 55 times and scored four goals for the Chilean national team between 1994 and 2001, including four games at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In that tournament, Chile played to a 2-2 tie with Italy. In the 2000 Summer Olympics, Reyes helped Chile capture the bronze in football.

He retired on 1 May 2008. In his last match, he played with his World Cup's teammates Iván Zamorano, José Luis Sierra, Jorge Contreras, Javier Margas among others. The match was in Estadio Regional, Antofagasta.

Honours[link]

Club[link]

• Colo-Colo
  • Primera División de Chile: 1996, 1997, 1998

National Team[link]

•  Chile
  • Olympic Games: in Sydney (2000)

External links[link]

• Career history at National Football Teams

Pedro Reyes international tournaments v t e Chile squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup 1 Tapia 2 Castañeda 3 Fuentes 4 Rojas 5 Margas 6 Reyes 7 Parraguez 8 Acuña 9 Zamorano (c) 10 Sierra 11 Salas 12 Marcelo Ramírez 13 Neira 14 Miguel Ramírez 15 Villarroel 16 Aros 17 Vega 18 Musrri 19 Cornejo 20 Estay 21 Barrera 22 Tejas Coach: Acosta v t e Chile squad – 1999 Copa América 1 Ramírez 2 Palacios 3 M. Ramírez 4 Rojas 5 Margas 6 Reyes 7 Parraguez 8 Acuña 9 Zamorano 10 Sierra 11 Salas 12 Tapia 13 Vargas 14 Cartes 15 Villarroel 16 Aros 17 Núñez 18 González 19 Valencia 20 Estay 21 Contreras 22 Pizarro Coach: Acosta v t e Chile squad – 2000 Olympic bronze medalists 1 N. Tapia 2 Álvarez 3 Maldonado 4 Henríquez 5 Contreras 6 Reyes 7 González 8 Pizarro 9 Zamorano 10 Arrué 11 Navia 12 H. Tapia 13 Núñez 14 Tello 15 Ibarra 16 Olarra 17 Ormazábal 18 di Gregorio 19 Rojas 20 Oroz Coach: Acosta v t e Chile squad – 2001 Copa América 1 Vargas 2 Pozo 3 Maldonado 4 Henríquez 5 Fuentes 6 Reyes 7 Pérez 8 Osorio 9 Navia 10 Neira 11 Valenzuela 12 Toro 13 Corrales 14 Aros 15 Montecinos 16 Rojas 17 Villarroel 18 Villaseca 19 Galdames 20 Núñez 21 Barrera 22 Tapia Coach: García

This biographical article related to Chilean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Lauren Berlant (born 1957) is the George M. Pullman Professor of English at the University of Chicago, where she has been teaching since 1984. Berlant received her Ph.D. from Cornell University. She writes and teaches on issues of intimacy and belonging in popular culture, in relation to the history and fantasy of citizenship.

She writes on public spheres as affect worlds, where affect and emotion lead the way for belonging ahead of the modes of rational or deliberative thought (Habermas) that attach strangers to each other and shape the terms of the state-civil society relation. This work also sees sentimentality, trauma, and related public modes not as the opposite of rationality but in line with other visceral, yet cultivated ways of knowing and being attached to the world.

She is the author of a national sentimentality trilogy beginning with The Anatomy of National Fantasy: Hawthorne, Utopia, and Everyday Life (1991), which looks at the relation between modes of belonging mediated by the state and the law, modes of belonging mediated by the aesthetic, and especially by genre, and modes that grow from within the everyday life of social relations. The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship--the title essay of which won the 1993 Norman Foerster Award for best essay of the year in American Literature—introduced the idea of the “intimate public sphere,” which looks at the production of politics and publicness since the Reagan era by way of the circulation of the personal, the sexual, and the intimate. Her following book, The Female Complaint: On the Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture was published by Duke University Press in 2008. There, the origin of intimate publics in the mass cultural phenomenon of “women’s culture,” which crosses over the everyday institutions of intimacy, mass society, and, more distantly and ambivalently, politics, is pursued through readings especially of remade movies, such as Show Boat, Imitation of Life, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Her newest monograph, Cruel Optimism, was published in October, 2011, by Duke University Press. This book works across the U.S. and Europe to assess the level of contemporary crisis as neoliberalism wears away the fantasies of upward mobility associated with the liberal state: it reads the literature and “cinema of precarity” to get at the cruel optimism that obtains when people stay attached to lives that don’t work.

She has pursued this line of thought and feeling as well as a member of Feel Tank Chicago and on the way has edited books on Compassion (2004) and Intimacy (2001), which won an award for being the best special issue among all journals in the same year from the Academy of American Publishers, and which are interlinked with her work in feminist and queer theory in essays like "Sex in Public" (Critical Inquiry (1999)), Our Monica, Ourselves: Clinton and the Affairs of State (with Lisa Duggan, 2001) and Venus Inferred (with photographer Laura Letinsky, 2001). Berlant works with many journals, including as editor of Critical Inquiry and Public Culture, and helped to found and has chaired the Center for Gender Studies at the University of Chicago.

External links[link]

• Faculty autobiography from University of Chicago
• She blogs at Supervalent Thought

This biography of an American English academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e