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Al-Adil I (Arabic: العادل‎, in full al-Malik al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu-Bakr ibn Ayyub, Arabic: الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب‎; 1145–1218) was an Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler of Kurdish descent. From his honorific "Sayf al-Din" (Sword of Faith) he was sometimes known to the Frankish crusaders as "Saphadin".

Life[link]

Al-Adil was a son of Najm ad-Din Ayyub, and a younger brother of Salah ad-Din Ayyubi. He was born in June 1145, possibly in Damascus. He first achieved distinction as an officer in Nur ad-Din Zengi's army during his uncle Shirkuh's third and final campaign in Egypt (1168–1169); following Nur ad-Din's death in 1174, Al-Adil governed Egypt on behalf of his brother Saladin and mobilized that country's vast resources in support of his brother's campaigns in Syria and his war against the Crusaders (1175–1183).

He was governor of Aleppo (1183–1186) but returned to administer Egypt during the Third Crusade (1186–1192); as governor of Saladin's northern provinces (1192–1193), he suppressed the revolt of 'Izz Al-Din of Mosul following Saladin's death (March 1193), and played the role of kingmaker during the succession dispute among Saladin's sons Al-Aziz Uthman and Al-Afdal (1193–1196). He was named governor of Damascus and used this base to expand his power, and championed the faction opposed to Al-Afdal's inept rule following Al-Aziz's death in 1198. Although he was closely besieged in Damascus (1199), he defeated Al-Afdal at the Battle of Bilbeis in January 1200. After his victory, he was proclaimed Sultan and ruled wisely and well over both Egypt and Syria for nearly two decades, promoting trade and good relations with the Crusader states (1200–1217). He took Ahlat in 1207 and bring to Ahlatshahs. He took the field again on hearing news of the Fifth Crusade, despite his advanced age (62, in the year 1217), and organized the defenses of Egypt and Palestine. He fell ill and died while on campaign (August 1218) and was succeeded by his son Malik Al-Kamil.

A gifted and effective administrator and organizer, Al-Adil provided crucial military and civilian support for Saladin's great campaigns (an early example of the great minister of war). He was also a capable general and strategist in his own right, and the foundation and persistence of the Ayyubid state was as much his achievement as it was Saladin's.

See also[link]

• List of rulers of Egypt

References[link]

• Nicolle, David (2008). The Second Crusade. Osprey Publishing. 

External links[link]

• [1]

Faraz Fareed Rabbani is a scholar and researcher of Islamic law and translator of several Arabic works to the English language.

Biography[link]

Faraz Rabbani was born in Karachi, Pakistan and raised in Toronto, Canada. He entered the University of Toronto with a full scholarship and completed his Bachelor's in Economics & Commerce in May 1997. While in Canada, Shaykh Faraz was involved with various organizations and projects, including founding and running the monthly The Muslim Voice and acting as the Vice-President of the University of Toronto Muslim Students' Association from 1994-1996. While in Toronto, he was involved in various Islamic study circles and educational programs, including those of Shaykh Ahmad Talal al-Ahdab, Shaykh Faisal Hamid Abdur-Razzak, and Shaykh Muhammad Zahid Abu Ghudda.

After graduation, Shaykh Faraz traveled with his family to Damascus, Syria, to formally seek Islamic knowledge. In Damascus, he studied Arabic, Aqidah (Islamic creed), Mantiq (Islamic Logic), Hanafi Fiqh, Shafi'I Fiqh, Usul al-fiqh, and Hadith with a number of scholars including Shaykh Haytham Idilbi, Shaykh Abd al-Rahman Kharsa, Shaykh Abd al-Haleem Abu Sha`r, Shaykh Umar al-Sabbagh, Shaykh Jihad Brown, Shaykh Mu'min al-Annan, Shaykh Hassan al-Hindi, Sayyidi Shaykh Adib Kallas, Shaykh Muhammad Jumuah, Sh. Abd al-Razzaq al-Halabi, Shaykh Haytham, Shaykh Abd al-Haleem Abu Sha`r, and Ustadh Mahmud al-Bayruti.

In the Summer of 2000, he moved to Amman, Jordan. Upon moving to Jordan, his teachers advised him to focus on teaching of what he had covered, for which they gave him encouragement and permission, and to continue his personal research and study. In 2007, he spent some time in Karachi, Pakistan, learning from the scholars there. In the Summer of 2007, he returned to Toronto, where he settled with his wife and three children. In Toronto, he is teaching through SeekersGuidance, both online and on-the-ground. He also travels frequently to give lectures at different conferences and universities.

Work[link]

Faraz Rabbani is Educational Director and Instructor at SeekersGuidance (www.SeekersGuidance.org). He has two published books: Sufism & Good Character and Absolute Essentials of Islam: Faith, Prayer, & the Path of Salvation According to the Hanafi School. (White Thread Press, 2004.) He also runs the blog Seeker's Digest and has a regular column in Islamica Magazine.

As the founder of the original Hanafi fiqh list, Shaykh Faraz was involved with SunniPath since its beginning until leaving in May 2008 in order to start SeekersGuidance (www.SeekersGuidance.com).^[1]

See also[link]

• Shariah (Islamic law)
• Hanafi
• Islamic finance
• Shadhili
• Sufism

References[link]

External links[link]

• SeekersGuidance - Where Faraz Rabbani's lessons may be found
• Seeker's Digest - Rabbani's blog on Islam, contemporary affairs, spirituality, and more
• Radical Middle Way Site - Bio and Media of Faraz Rabbani
• Faraz Rabbani audio and video lectures
• Rabbani's biography on RMW
• A DeenPort interview with Faraz Rabbani.
• Islamic Finance Affairs - Articles, answers, and news on Islamic Finance, run by Rabbani