C. D. Broad (full name Charlie Dunbar Broad; 30 December 1887 – 11 March 1971) was an English epistemologist, historian of philosophy, philosopher of science, moral philosopher, and writer on the philosophical aspects of psychical research. He was known for his thorough and dispassionate examinations of arguments in such works as Scientific Thought, published in 1923, The Mind and Its Place in Nature, published in 1925, and Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy, published in 1933.

Broad's essay on "Determinism, Indeterminism, and Libertarianism" in Ethics and the History of Philosophy (1952) introduced the philosophical terms "occurrent causation" and "non-occurrent causation", which became the basis for today's "agent causal" and "event causal" distinctions in the debates on Libertarian Free Will.

Life[link]

This section requires expansion.

Broad was born in Harlesden, in Middlesex, England.^[1] He was educated at Dulwich College from 1900 until 1906.^[2] He gained a scholarship to study at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1906. In 1910 he graduated with First-Class Honours, with distinction.

In 1911, he became a Fellow of Trinity College. This was a non-residential position, which enabled him to also accept a position he had applied for as an assistant lecturer at St Andrews University. He was later made a lecturer at St Andrews University, and remained there until 1920. He was appointed professor at Bristol University in 1920, and worked there until 1923, when he returned to Trinity College as a College lecturer. He was a lecturer in 'moral science' in the Faculty of philosophy at Cambridge University from 1926 until 1931. In 1931, he was appointed 'Sidgwick Lecturer' at Cambridge University. He kept this role until 1933, when he was appointed Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at Cambridge University, a position he held for twenty years, until 1953.

Broad was President of the Aristotelian Society from 1927–1928, and again from 1954-1955. He was also President of the Society for Psychical Research in 1935 and 1958.

Broad was openly homosexual at a time when homosexual acts were illegal. In March 1958, Broad along with fellow philosophers A.J. Ayer and Bertrand Russell, writer J.B. Priestley, and 27 others, sent a letter to The Times which urged the acceptance of the Wolfenden Report's recommendation that homosexual acts should 'no longer be a criminal offence'.^[3]

Psychical research[link]

Broad argued that if research showed that psychic events occur, this would challenge philosophical theories in at least five ways:

1. Backward causation, the future affecting the past, is rejected by many philosophers, but would be shown to occur if, for example, people could predict the future.
2. One common argument against dualism, that is the belief that minds are non-physical, and bodies physical, is that physical and non-physical things cannot interact. However, this would be shown to be possible if people can move physical objects by thought (telekinesis).
3. Similarly, philosophers tend to be skeptical about claims that non-physical 'stuff' could interact with anything. This would also be challenged if minds are shown to be able to communicate with each other, as would be the case if mind-reading is possible.
4. Philosophers generally accept that we can only learn about the world through reason and perception. This belief would be challenged if people were able to psychically perceive events in other places.
5. Physicalist philosophers believe that there cannot be persons without bodies. If ghosts were shown to exist, this view would be challenged.^[4]

Free Will[link]

Broad argued for "non-occurrent causation" as "literally determined by the agent or self." The agent could be considered as a substance or continuant, and not by a total cause which contains as factors events in and dispositions of the agent. Thus our efforts would be completely determined, but their causes would not be prior events.

New series of events would then originate which he called "continuants." These are essentially causa sui.

Peter van Inwagen says that Broad formulated an excellent version of what van Inwagen has called the "Consequence Argument" in defense of incompatibilism.

Works[link]

• Perception, physics and reality. An Enquiry into the Information that Physical Science can Supply about the Real. London: Cambridge University Press, 1914 (PDF; 54,07 MB)
• Scientific thought. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1923
• The Mind and its place in nature. London: Kegan Paul, 1925
• The Philosophy of Francis Bacon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926
• Five types of ethical theory. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1930
• War Thoughts in Peace Time. London: Humphrey Milford, 1931
• An examination of McTaggart's philosophy. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 1933
• Determinism, interdeterminism and libertarianism. Cambridge University Press, 1934
• An examination of McTaggart's philosophy. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 1938
• Ethics and the History of Philosophy, London: Routledge, 1952; Reprint 2000, ISBN 0-415-22530-2
• Religion, Philosophy and Psychic Research, London: Routledge, 1953; Reprint 2000, ISBN 0-415-22558-2
• Human Personality and the Possibility of Its Survival. University of California Press, 1955
• Personal Identity and Survival. Society for Psychical Research, London 1958
• Lectures on Psychical Research. Incorporating the Perrott Lectures given in Cambridge University in 1959 and 1960. New York: Humanities Press, 1962 (contains Saltmarsh's Investigation of Mrs Warren Elliott's Mediumship)
• Induction, Probability, and Causation. Selected Papers of C. D. Broad, Dordrecht: Reidel, 1968.
• Broad's Critical Essays in Moral Philosophy, New York: Humanities Press, 1971.
• Leibniz: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20691-X
• Berkeley's Argument. Haskell House Pub Ltd., 1976
• Kant: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978, ISBN 0-521-21755-5
• Ethics, Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1985.

Further reading[link]

• Paul A. Schilpp (ed.): Philosophy of C. D. Broad. Tudor Publishing Company, New York 1959

External links[link]

• C. D. Broad on Digital Text International
• Information Philosopher on C. D. Broad on Free Will
• "How to think about the problem of free will" by Peter van Inwagen

References[link]

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2nd Edition. Volume 1. Ed. by Donald M. Borchert. Farmington Hills, Michigan: MacMillian Reference, 2006.

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012)

Guadalajara

170px
Full name	Club Deportivo Guadalajara S.A. de C.V.
Nickname(s)	Chivas (Goats) Rebaño Sagrado (Sacred Herd) Los Rojiblancos (The Red and White) Chiverío
Founded	May 8, 1906
Ground	Estadio Omnilife Zapopan, Greater Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Capacity: 49,850)
Owner	Jorge Vergara
Manager	John van 't Schip
League	Primera División de México
Clausura 2012	15th (League)
Home colours Away colours
Current season

Club Deportivo Guadalajara (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa]), (often simply known as Guadalajara) is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Guadalajara plays in the Primera División de México (Mexican First Division) and is the most successful club in Mexican football, having won 11 First Division titles, 7 Campeón de Campeones, 1 InterLiga, 1 Copa Challenger, 4 Copa Oros de Occidente, and 2 Copa México. Guadalajara is one of the ten founding members of the Mexican First Division and along with longstanding rivals Club América it has never been relegated to the second-tier division. Most recently, Guadalajara is the runner-up of the 2010 Copa Libertadores.

C.D. Guadalajara is the only football club in Mexico to exclusively field players of Mexican heritage. The team has constantly emphasized home-grown (cantera) players and has been the launching pad of many internationally successful players, including Javier "Chicharito" Hernández, Carlos Vela, Omar Bravo and Carlos Salcido, among others.^[1] The team's three colors (red, white, and blue) symbolize "Fraternity, Union, and Sports". The team mascot, as well as their nickname, is the goat or chiva. According to FIFA Chivas are Mexico's most successful and popular team,^[2] and hold the Mexican league record for the longest winning streak at the beginning of a season, with 8 consecutive wins.

History[link]

Foundation and the Amateur Era 1906–1943[link]

The team was founded by Edgar Everaert, who arrived in Mexico in 1904. Their kit was modeled on that of the founder's favourite team, the Belgian Club Brugge K.V., borrowing the vertical stripes and colour scheme of the Brugge strip in that era (Brugge has since changed their team colours). Some historians assert that the colours came from the French Tricolour because some of the club's first players were French. The first team comprised Mexican, Belgian and French players, named "Union" because of the camaraderie between the players of different nationalities, most of whom were employees of the Fábricas de Francia store, with founder Everaert as coach. A few Spanish and English also became members of the Unión Football Club.

On a tour of Europe, Everaert noticed that European teams named after their respective town or city seemed to generate more support from fans in their communities. So, in 1908, with the approval of Everaert and the players, Club de Futbol Union was renamed as Club Deportivo Guadalajara to engender a sense of loyalty within the city's population. In 1908, it was also decided that the team would only field Mexican-born players because of the growing sense of oppression Mexican nationals felt towards non-Mexican nationals. Following the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution, amateur football tournaments throughout the country flourished and Guadalajara was always involved. Between 1906 and 1943 (the amateur era of Mexican football), Guadalajara won 13 amateur titles, the first in 1908. Also during this period, the oldest rivalry in Mexican football began to form, between Guadalajara and F.C. Atlas.

Professional Era, El Ya Merito 1943–1953[link]

In 1943 the Liga Mayor was founded after the merging of several regional leagues and the era of professional football began. Guadalajara struggled during the early years, with the exception of the 1948–49 season when they finished third. This same year Guadalajara was given the name "chivas locas" (crazy goats) during a game against Atlas. The name was initially considered an insult, but later adopted as the team's nickname due to the overwhelming popularity of the club. During the 1951–52 and 1954–55 seasons, the team finished as runner-up in the league, leading to the nickname "ya merito" ("almost there!").

El Campeonísimo 1955–1970[link]

During the 1956 season, players such as Salvador "Chava" Reyes, Jaime "El Tubo" Gomez, Isidoro Lopez, and Jose Villegas were part of what is considered one of the finest teams in Mexican football history, El Campeonísimo. Guadalajara won its first championship during this season due to a last minute goal scored by Salvador Reyes. Led by coaches such as Donald Russ and Javier de la Torre in subsequent years, the team won seven league championships, two cups, three CONCACAF titles and seven Champion of Champions titles. It was the only team in Mexico's football history to win four league championships in a row, during the 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, and 1961–62 seasons. El Campeonísimo became internationally recognized and, in 1964 played several matches in Europe against such teams as FC Barcelona, Werder Bremen, and Lille Olympique, resulting in two victories, four draws and four losses for the team.

The Dark Era 1971–1983[link]

During the 1970s and early 1980s, Guadalajara struggled. The best they could manage was to reach the play-offs twice, with a fifth place finish in 1971–72 and a sixth place finish in 1976–77.

The Resurrection 1983–1991[link]

During 1980–81 season, the team reached a third-place ranking. During the 1981–82 season, a tragic road accident took the life of team member José Martínez.^[3] The team finished the season in seventeenth place.

The Club then hired coach Alberto Guerra, who had been a player for Guadalajara during the mid '60s. During the 1982–83 season, Guadalajara finished seventh in the league and qualified for the playoffs, going on to eliminate Atlante F.C. in quarter-finals and Club América in Semifinals. The team reached the Finals for the first time since the playoff format was introduced in the '70s, where it would go on to lose to Puebla F.C. in a penalty shootout.^[4] Guadalajara would once again reach the Finals in 1983–84, only to lose to America by an aggregate score of 5–4. However they would continue being very competitive the rest of the '80s and early '90s., with their very best performance on the 1986–87 season, where they would finish 1st in the regular season and win the Championship against Cruz Azul in the final. Their best players during this time were Benjamín Galindo, Eduardo "Yayo" De La Torre, "Chepo" De La Torre, Fernando Quirarte, Javier Aguirre among other.

"La Promotora" Era 1992-02[link]

By the end of the 1980s, Guadalajara began to experience financial troubles. Team directors decided to create a special financial sector that would be known as La Promotora Deportiva. The team would be "sold" for 10 years starting in 1992 to a petroleum executive named Salvador Martinez Garza, who would be in charge of the Promotora and of team operations.^[5] Before Guadalajara began its new era under the Promotora, the team began the 1990s in average form, reaching the Semifinals in 90–91, reaching the Quarterfinals in 91–92, and finishing in thirteenth place in 92–93.

The new directors decided to bring back Guadalajara's champion coach in 1986–87 Alberto Guerra and purchase many players that would become icons for Guadalajara in the early '90s: Missael Espinoza, Alberto "Guameru" Garcia, and Alberto Coyote. The team also decided that it would rely on young talent from its basic training schools. Such talent included Paulo Cesar "Tilon" Chavez and Joel "Tiburon" Sanchez. At the beginning of the 93–94 season, the press and fans dubbed the new and improved team Las Superchivas.^[5] However, despite expectations, the team was eliminated early on in the playoffs. The 94–95 season would bring about more change for the team. Guadalajara hired player Ramón Ramírez. Also at the start of the season, directors sold all television rights of the team to Mexican giant Televisa, a move that was heavily criticized by fans because of Televisa's ownership of Club América.^[5] Guadalajara would end the 1993–1994 regular season as the leader in the league table, but was narrowly defeated by Club Necaxa in Semis. The 96–97 season saw the exit of coach Alberto Guerra, being replaced by the Dutchman Leo Beenhakker. The team failed to make the playoffs that season.

By 1996, the Primera División de México season format would be changed to two short seasons per year. The first of the seasons, Invierno 1996, saw Guadalajara bring in another coach, Brazilian Ricardo Ferretti. During Ferretti's first season, the team managed to reach third place in the league table, but would be eliminated by Club Necaxa in the Quarterfinals. Guadalajara won its 10th championship under Ferretti in the Verano 1997 season against Toros Neza with the aggregate score of 7–2. Guadalajara would once again reach the Finals in the Invierno 1998 season, only to once again lose to Necaxa. The fans criticized the sale of player Ramon Ramirez to Club América.^[5]

Jorge Vergara Era 2002–present[link]

After its tenth year in charge of Guadalajara, La Promotora was still in debt and finally put up for sale. On October 31, 2002, the team was acquired by a Guadalajara native and self-made entrepreneur, Jorge Vergara.^[6] Vergara was the founder of a dietary supplement company named Omnilife. Vergara hired directors that would be in charge of handling business affairs. He also removed all sponsorship from Guadalajara's jersey; the jersey has since had limited sponsorship.^[7]

In order to establish funding for the team, Vergara sought to market the Las Chivas name and capitalize on it, placing the name on anything from its own magazine to toothbrushes and its own brand of cola.^[8]

For the Clausura 2003 season, Guadalajara hired Eduardo "Yayo" de la Torre, who had played for the team in the 1980s. The Apertura 2003 season would see poor results in the first half of the tournament, putting an end to "Yayo" de la Torre's tenure as coach. Coaching responsibilities would be temporarily assumed by Dutchman Hans Westerhof (who was in charge of the team's basic training school) and the team would barely qualify for a wild card showdown against Club Deportivo Toluca, but was subsequently eliminated. For the Apertura 2004, Guadalajara would display an offensive style of football and managed to place third in the league standings, qualifying for the playoffs. Players such as goalkeeper Oswaldo Sánchez, Ramon Morales, Omar Bravo, and newly acquired Adolfo Bautista, became instant fan favorites. They defeated Atlante F.C. in the Quarterfinals and Toluca in the Semifinals, but would lose in the Finals against Pumas UNAM in a penalty shootout. Nevertheless, the team had shown, since Vergara's arrival, that it was highly competitive, including in the 2005 Copa Libertadores, where it defeated favorites Boca Juniors 4–0 agg. to reach Semis. Under coach José Manuel "Chepo" de la Torre, who was also a player for Guadalajara in the 1980s, the team won its 11th championship. For the Apertura 2006 season, Las Chivas placed eighth in the league table and qualified for the knock-out round (the "Liguilla") by defeating Veracruz 2–1 in Veracruz and 4–0 in the Estadio Jalisco in a wild card series. Guadalajara advanced to the Quarterfinals where it defeated first place qualified Cruz Azul 2–0 in the first leg and tied 2–2 in the second leg (4–2 aggregate), moving on to the semi-finals against rivals Club América.

These wins allowed Las Chivas to advance to the final of the Primera División against Toluca. The first match was played at Estadio Jalisco, in which Toluca and Las Chivas tied 1–1 with goals from Omar Bravo for Las Chivas and Bruno Marioni for Toluca. On December 10, 2006, Las Chivas played at Toluca's home stadium Estadio Nemesio Díez and won 2–1 (3–2 aggregate), thus becoming the Mexican League champions, holding 11 titles, the most titles of any team in the league. The first goal was scored by Francisco Javier Rodriguez, and the second was by Adolfo Bautista. Bautista dedicated his goal and his team's victory to his mother, who had died shortly before. This championship was goalkeeper Oswaldo Sánchez's first in his career. After the Apertura 2006 championship the team has gone through a series of changes beginning with the departure of players like Oswaldo Sánchez, Adolfo Bautista, and Omar Bravo who went to play to Spain but returned later, however new faces like Jared Borgetti, Carlos Ochoa who these two left the team later and Sergio Amaury Ponce came to the team. José Manuel de la Torre was fired in the Apertura 2007 tournament and replaced by Efrain Flores who coached until being replaced first by Omar Arellano Nuño who only coached one league game and two Copa Libertadores games, and then being replaced by Francisco Ramirez who had an unsuccessful period as a team coach having the lowest percentage of effectiveness of all the coaches hired in the last seven years. After Ramirez poor results he was fired and replaced by Raul Arias, a former coach of Necaxa and San Luis. Then on November 4, 2009, Raul Arias was fired and replaced by Jose Luis Real. Coach Jose Luis Real lead the team to an explosive start of the Bicentario 2010 tournament, winning its first 8 games in a row. Nevertheless, their winning streak was broken against a low table team, the Jaguars of Chiapas, losing by a score of 4–0. Las Chivas continues to be a major source for the Mexican national team in recent years. Under Jose Luis Real Chivas saw many young and promising players blossoming even more rapidily than expected.^[9]

Colors and badge[link]

Once the team was renamed in 1908 as Club Guadalajara, they used initials, C.G., in the center of the jersey. After a few years of the team's existence, the first proper crest was designed, still using the team's initials. They were eventually placed around a circle. This design would be used in the team's limited edition Centennial jerseys in 2006.

Guadalajara's banner.

Guadalajara's current crest was designed in 1923 and uses as its base, the crest of the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco. The crest was then complemented with a blue circle and the words Club Deportivo Guadalajara, five red stripes and six white stripes, eventual colors that were adopted by the team, and eleven stars representing each championship the team has won. The actual crest design is credited to brothers Everardo and Jose Espinosa, Angel Bolumar, and Antonio Villalvazo, all of whom were players or directors of the team during that time.^[10]

• Kit provider:Adidas (Apertura 2011– )
• Sponsors: Bimbo, Toyota, Pepsi

Past kits[link]

First kit

100th anniversary commemorative

2007–08 kit

2008–09 kit

2009–10 kit

2010–11 kit

Stadium[link]

Inside view of Estadio Omnilife.

From the 1930s to 1960 Guadalajara played in a small stadium known as "Parque Oblatos". Guadalajara shared the Estadio Jalisco, with their town rivals Atlas. Estadio Jalisco was opened on January 31, 1960. It was host for eight games in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, six for group stage matches, and two for quarter and semi-finals. The stadium was host for nine games in the 1986 FIFA World Cup, six of which were group stage matches, and one was a round of sixteen and the last two were quarter and semifinals. Chivas played in the Jalisco Stadium from 1960 to 2010. Due to the aging structure of the stadium and the desire of Chivas to have an own stadium (Jalisco Stadium was always shared with various teams from the city such as Atlas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Club Oro among others.) Chivas administration with an investment of 130 million dollars began to build a new home.

In 2010, Jorge Vergara opened a new stadium to be used as Las Chivas' new home field. The stadium, named Estadio Omnilife after the nutrition company owned by Vergara, has the form of a volcano with a cloud on top. The idea of the design is to integrate the stadium with nature because of its proximity to a forest area. It is also used for conventions and as a Business JVC Center. Construction of the stadium began in May 2007 and concluded in July 2010. The stadium seats are colored red except for the loge seats which are white. It has a large main entrance and 18 exits. Total seating capacity is 49,850 which includes 330 suites with capacities of 9, 11, 12 and 13 guests. An underground parking lot is available for suite renters which holds up to 850 cars and a parking outside the stadium with a capacity for 8000 cars. The new stadium also has a store, museum, and various food and beverage concessions. A climbing wall and an area for children are planned to be built for a near future. The stadium's opening date was July 30, 2010.^[11] The opening match on that day was a friendly between Las Chivas and Manchester United in which Chivas defeated Manchester United 3–2, with the first goal scored by popular footballer Javier Hernandez.

Rivalries[link]

[edit] El Súper Clásico

Las Chivas has developed two important rivalries over the years. Perhaps its most intense rivalry is with Mexico City-based Club América. Their meetings, which have become known as El Súper Clásico, are played at least twice a year and signal a national derby. Both are the most successful and most popular teams in Mexico. The first confrontation between them ended with a victory for Guadalajara with a score of 3–0.The rivalry began to flourish after the second match when Club América defeated Chivas de Guadalajara with a score of 7–2. Although the huge defeat sparked embarrassment within Chivas, it was almost two decades before the rivalry became The Clásico. One of the very reasons why these two teams are arch rivals is because in 1983 and 1986 they brawled with each other, raising excitement among the fans. Thus, every time they play it is considered a match that everyone will remember.^[12][13] To this day, El Súper Clásico continues to raise huge excitement in the whole country as well as in other parts of the world where there are fans of either team. The intensity of the game is lived so passionately that every time these two teams play a game, regardless of what position they are in on the charts or what level they show throughout the league, it is always considered the most important game of the season.

[edit] El Clásico Tapatío

Chivas developed a local rivalry with Club Atlas. The Clásico Tapatío, as it is known, is considered the oldest local derby in Mexican football since its inception in 1916, being a game that is lived with great passion on the part of supporters of both clubs. In the early stages the Chivas started to dub players of Atlas by calling them "Margaritas". In reaction to the name, a group of Atlas supporters started saying that their rivals ran like "Chivas Locas" (Crazy Goats) and to the Chivas players it was considered an insult. Over time the meaning of "Chivas" changed due to the popularity of the club and now it is an honor to be a Chiva. They both shared the same stadium Estadio Jalisco which causes controversies with the fans and the police. Now that Guadalajara has a new stadium, there is not much controversies but they still have the rivalry.

C.D. Chivas USA[link]

C.D. Chivas USA is owned by Jorge Vergara Madrigal, owner of CD Guadalajara, and Antonio Cué Sánchez-Navarro and is a subsidiary of Chivas USA Enterprises LLC, which is led by Cué and club President and CEO Shawn Hunter. Founded on August 2, 2004, as Major League Soccer's then-eleventh team. Every year C.D. Chivas USA and Guadalajara play against each other at least once and they call it the "Chivas Clasico"

Chivas Femenil[link]

Another of Jorge Vergaras plans was to create a team exclusively for women. Las Chivas Femenil is open to girls from 14 to 18 years of age, trying to recruit players to fill out the appropriate profile for the team and the "Institución Rojiblanca" (The Red and White Institution). The team currently plays in the Super Liga Femenil, the top level of women's football in Mexico.

Players[link]

Current squad[link]

As of July 17, 2011. For recent transfers, see List of Mexican Football Transfers Winter 2011-12. Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player 1 GK Luis Ernesto Michel (vice-captain) 2 DF Mario de Luna 3 MF Dionicio Escalante 4 DF Héctor Reynoso (captain) 5 DF Patricio Araujo 6 DF Omar Esparza 8 MF Marco Fabián 7 FW Carlos Fierro 9 FW Omar Arellano 10 FW Alberto Medina 11 MF Julio Nava 12 GK Liborio Sanchez 13 MF Abraham Coronado 14 MF Jorge Enríquez 15 FW Erick Torres 16 DF Miguel Ángel Ponce 17 FW Jesús Sánchez

No. Position Player 18 MF Xavier Báez 19 DF Jonny Magallón 20 MF Édgar Mejía 21 FW Antonio Salazar 22 MF Giovani Casillas 23 GK Hugo Hernández 24 MF Jorge Mora 25 MF Antonio Gallardo 26 DF Kristian Álvarez 27 MF Juan Pablo Orozco 28 GK José Rodriguez 29 DF Luis Solorio 30 DF Ramón Hurtado 31 GK Miguel Jiménez 42 MF José Verduzco MF Edgar Gerardo Lugo FW Rafael Márquez Lugo

Reserve teams[link]

Reserve teams have been an important part of the formation of new talents for the team and today they remain a high priority to the institution. Club Deportivo Tapatío featured as reserve team from 1973 till 2009.

Chivas Rayadas

Reserve team that plays in the Segunda División Premier or the Mexican Second Division in the third level of the Mexican league system. The games are held in the city of Puerto Vallarta in the La Preciosa training fields.

Guadalajara

Reserve team that plays in the Tercera División de México or Mexican Third Division in the fourth level of the Mexican league system. The games are held in the Verde Valle training facilities.

Guadalajara U-20

Reserve team that plays in the U-20 tournament coinciding with the regular season tournament. The games are held in Estadio Omnilife.

Guadalajara U-17

Reserve team that plays in the U-17 tournament coinciding with the regular season tournament. The games are held in Estadio Omnilife.

Retired numbers[link]

22 - José Martínez, Midfielder (1970–81)

Notable players[link]

Below is a list of former C.D. Guadalajara players who have played in more than 50 professional top-tier league games, or currently play for the C.D. Guadalajara first team.

This list of "famous" or "notable" sporting persons has no clear inclusion or exclusion criteria. Please help to define clear inclusion criteria and edit the list to contain only subjects that fit that criteria.

Top goalscorers in domestic league[link]

Players in bold are still active with the team.

• Salvador Reyes (122)
• Omar Bravo(108)
• Eduardo de la Torre (90)
• Benjamín Galindo (78)
• Max Prieto (72)
• Crescencio Gutiérrez (72)
• Javier de la Torre (70)
• Javier Valdivia (69)
• Francisco Jara (68)
• Ramón Morales (66)

Former players that are playing or played in Europe[link]

The first player transfer from Club Guadalajara to a European side came in 1988 when Eduardo de la Torre was transferred to then Spanish La Liga club Xerez CD, playing in his opening match against Real Madrid. Also in 1988, Eduardo's cousin José Manuel de la Torre was transferred to Real Oviedo. From that moment onwards a total of eight players have also moved to a European team. Most recently, in April 2010, Javier "Chicharito" Hernández became part of Manchester United.^[14]

Name	Club	League
Eduardo de la Torre	Xerez	La Liga
José Manuel de la Torre	Real Oviedo	La Liga
Manuel Vidrio	Osasuna	La Liga
Francisco Javier Rodríguez	PSV Eindhoven VfB Stuttgart	Eredivisie Bundesliga
Carlos Vela	Arsenal F.C. Real Sociedad	Premier League La Liga
Javier Hernández	Manchester United	Premier League
Carlos Salcido	PSV Eindhoven Fulham	Eredivisie Premier League
Ulises Davila	Chelsea Vitesse	Premier League Eredivisie
Omar Bravo	Deportivo La Coruña	La Liga

Copa Libertadores record[link]

• Guadalajara withdrew from the tournament following concerns raised over the H1N1 flu outbreak in Mexico, and later secured a place in the round of 16 for the 2010 Copa Libertadores.

Managerial history[link]

Dates	Name
1989	Ricardo La Volpe
1990	Jésus Bracamontes
1990	Árpád Fekete Alberto Guerra
1995	Osvaldo Ardiles
1996	Leo Beenhakker
1996–00	Ricardo Ferretti
2000	Hugo Hernández
2000–01	Jésus Bracamontes
2001	Jorge Dávalos
2001–02	Óscar Ruggeri
July 2002–Dec 02	Daniel Guzmán
Jan 2003–Sept 03	Eduardo de la Torre
Oct 2003–April 2004	Hans Westerhof
July 2004–Aug 2005	Benjamín Galindo
2005	Xabier Azkargorta
Jan 2006–March 2006	Hans Westerhof
March 2006–Sept 2007	José Manuel de la Torre
Sept 2007–March 2009	Efraín Flores
March 2009–April 2009	Omar Arellano Nuño
April 2009–Sept 2009	Francisco Ramírez
Sept 2009–Nov 2009	Raúl Arias
Nov 2009–Oct 2011	José Luis Real
Oct 2011–Jan 2012	Fernando Quirarte
Jan 2012–April 2012	Ignacio Ambríz
April 2012	Alberto Coyote
2012–	John van 't Schip

Honors[link]

National[link]

Amateur era:

• Liga Occidental: (13)
  • 1908–09, 1909–10, 1911–12, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1934–35 and 1937–38
• Campeón de Campeones
  • 1932–33
• Torneo de una Tarde
  • 1929–30

Professional era:

• Primera División: (11)
  • 1956–57, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1969–70, 1986–87, Verano 1997, and Apertura 2006
• Copa México: (2)
  • 1963, 1970
• Campeón de Campeones: (7)
  • 1956–1957, 1958–1959, 1959–1960, 1960–1961, 1963–1964, 1964–1965, and 1969–1970
• Copa Challenger
  • 1961
• Copa Oro de Occidente: (4)
  • 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1960
• InterLiga
  • 2009

International[link]

• Central American Champion: (2)
  • Central American in 1959, North Central American and Caribbean in 1962

• CONCACAF Champions' Cup
  • 1962

• Copa Libertadores de America
  • Runner-up: 2010

Friendly Tournaments[link]

• I Mexico City International Pentagonal Tournament: 1958
• III Mexico City International Pentagonal Tournament: 1958
• II Jalisco International Pentagonal: 1962
• "Fiestas de Octubre" Quadrangular: 1982
• Copa Internacional Los Angeles: 1982
• Jalisco International Quadrangular: 1994
• "Copa Informador de Futbol" Los Angeles: 1999
• Copa Coliseo: 1998
• Copa Reforma: 1911
• Torneo de Primavera: 1917
• Medalla de la Junta de Festejos Patrios de la Villa de Zapopan: 1917
• Medalla Colón: 1918
• Medalla Caridad: 1918
• Copa Militarización: 1918
• Copa Deportivo Nacional de Torreón: 1919
• Copa Eugenio Pinzón: 1921
• Copa Francia: 1921–22
• Copa Fábricas de Francia: 1924
• Campeonato Oficial de Segunda Fuerza: 1924-25, 1928–29, 1934–35, 1937-38
• Campeonato Categoría Juvenil: 1928-29
• Trofeo Casino Español: 1928
• Copa Presidencial: 1953
• Copa de Oro: 1954–1956
• Trofeo de Don Adolfo López Mateos (4):. 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963
• Campeonato de Segunda Categoria de Occidente: 1939
• Campeonato Oficial de Tercera Fuerza: 1928-29, 1937-38.
• Torneo de la Ciudad de Guadalajara: 1961
• Trofeo Campeonísimo: 1961-62
• Copa Presidente Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
• Copa California: 1977
• Campeón 1a. División Amateur: 1983–84
• Copa Europa: 1985
• Trofeo al Equipo menos goleado: 1991–92
• Copa México de Segunda División: 1996
• Copa Estrella del Milenio: 1999
• Campeón Juvenil: 1998
• Copa Pachuca: 2000
• Copa Tecate (2): 1994, 2001
• Copa León: 2003
• Campeón de Filiales de Segunda División: Apertura 2004, Apertura 2006, Clausura 2008.
• Liga Premier de Ascenso: Torneo Revolución 2011
• Campeón de Filiales de Tercera División: Clausura 2005, Apertura 2005, Bicentenario 2010
• Torneo Nacional Sub-15: 2011
• Torneo Nacional Sub-17: Apertura 2011
• Copa Diario ESTO: 2006
• Copa Marval: 2009
• Copa 100 años de la UNAM: 2010
• Copa Gol Marketing: 2011

References[link]

External links[link]

• CD Guadalajara official website
• Estadio Chivas official website
• CD Guadalajara history and championships at FIFA.com
• [1]