Fāryāb (Persian: فاریاب‎) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is Maymana. The majority of the population is Uzbek.

Faryab is a Persian word meaning "irrigated land". The modern province is named after a town that was founded by the Sassanids and later destroyed by the invading Mongols in 1220. This town should not be confused with the similarly-named Farab on the Syr Darya river (the Jaxartes of the ancients), in modern day Kazakhstan that was the home town to the famed Islamic philosopher, al-Farabi, per the biographer Ibn al-Nadim.

During the Afghan Civil War, the front line between Taliban and opposition forces often fell between Badghis and Faryab provinces in the mid-1990s. Former Herati warlord Ismail Khan also fled to Faryab to reconstitute his forces following the Taliban takeover of Herat, but was betrayed by Abdul Malik Pahlawan.

On 23 May 1997, Abdul Malik Pahlawan raised the Taliban flag over the capital of Maimana, switching sides and initiating a renewed Taliban offensive from the west. Following a series of changing allegiances and falling out with Malik, the Taliban withdrew from the area, but in 1998 a contigent of 8,000 Taliban troops pressed through Faryab, seizing Abdul Rashid Dostum's headquarters in Sheberghan, in neighboring Jowzjan province.