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Disney Music Group

Type	Division of Walt Disney Studios
Industry	Music
Founded	1998
Headquarters	Burbank, California, U.S.
Key people	Bob Cavallo, Chairman
Products	Records
Owner(s)	The Walt Disney Company
Parent	Walt Disney Studios
Divisions	Walt Disney Records Buena Vista Records Lyric Street Records Mammoth Records Hollywood Records Disney Sound Disney Music Publishing
Website	Disney Music

The Disney Music Group (formerly Buena Vista Music Group) is a collection of affiliated record labels all subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company. The chairman of the group is Bob Cavallo, who reports will report to Alan F. Horn, the future chairman of the Walt Disney Studios.

Labels[link]

The group includes:

• Walt Disney Records The flagship label of the group, was founded in 1956 (as Disneyland Records) so that Disney would not have to release through labels not associated with the studio, such as RCA Victor or Capitol Records, which had respectively issued Disney albums in the past. Under the Disneyland label, among its other recordings, the studio also released new soundtrack LP's of some of the animated Disney films, including, in 1957, a 3-LP album set of all of the classical music heard in Fantasia, perhaps the first soundtrack album containing virtually all the music from a feature-length film. (The "Meet the Soundtrack" intermission segment and the jam session were not included, and Deems Taylor's commentary was also omitted.) Disneyland Records also released cover albums (rather than soundtracks) of some of the other animated films, such as Lady and the Tramp.

In 1989, the label was renamed to its current branding. The label now releases a broad range of Disney-themed music for kids, teens and families such as soundtracks to movies made by Walt Disney Pictures, original music from artists such as They Might Be Giants, and compilations of music made popular by Radio Disney. Disney classic film soundtracks originally issued on LP have been transferred to CD under this label, rather than on the Disneyland Records or Buena Vista labels.

• Buena Vista Records, a label largely devoted to authentic soundtrack albums of mostly live-action Disney film musicals, such as Mary Poppins, The Happiest Millionaire, Summer Magic, and Babes in Toyland, as well as recordings by actors then under contract to Disney, such as Annette Funicello and Hayley Mills. Often, at the same time that Buena Vista Records released a genuine soundtrack album of one of the Disney movies, Disneyland Records, another, less expensive Disney label, would release a cover version of the songs from that film. The label was later absorbed by Walt Disney Records. It is still active today and releases various content such as Baby Einstein and karaoke CDs; it also has some recording artists. Most recently it has been employed to serve as the record label for Marvel Studios' releases such as Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger.
• Lyric Street Records, Disney's Nashville-based country music label with artists such as Rascal Flatts and SHeDAISY.
• Mammoth Records, formerly based in North Carolina, still has well-known artists such as Los Lobos in its stable.
• Hollywood Records, primarily focusing on rock, pop music, and teen artists. The label was originally primarily a soundtrack label (for Touchstone Pictures and Hollywood Pictures) with few major artists, like Queen. But under the guidance of Bob Cavallo and Abbey Konowitch, the label now releases records from a variety of major artists such as: Bridgit Mendler, Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez & The Scene, Jonas Brothers, Jesse McCartney, Allstar Weekend currently and Drew Seeley, Hilary Duff, Corbin Bleu, Aly & AJ, Jordan Pruitt, Raven-Symoné, Honor Society and Ballas Hough Band in the past.
• Disney Music Publishing which controls music compositions for Disney's music heard in movies and theme parks. Divisions include Walt Disney Music Company, Wonderland Music Company, Seven Peaks Music, Seven Summits Music, Touchstone Pictures Music & Songs, Hollywood Pictures Music, HolPic Music, Buena Vista Music Company, Fuzzy Muppet Songs, Mad Muppet Melodies, Agarita Music, FFM Publishing, F T S Music, Saban Music U.S.A., ABC Family Music, Falferious Music, Five Hundred South Songs, Balanga Music and more.

Distribution[link]

Disney Music Group did not have its own distribution network, both in its native market of the US or internationally. It had a licensing deal with Warner Bros. Records from 1995 to 2005. Furthermore, Sony Music Entertainment has been a distributor of Hollywood Records in mainland Asia. Since the expiration of the Warner Bros. agreement, the group relied on both Universal Music Group and EMI Music, given the territory.

In the United States, Disney Music Group relies on Universal Music Distribution solely for distribution, as Disney handles its own marketing and other functions. Outside of the United States, it engages in both licencing and distribution agreements with either Universal Music Group or EMI for marketing and release of its material, as the company does not have its own facilities elsewhere. Universal Music Group handles Canada, Asia (excluding Japan), South America, and India since 2005, and Australia and New Zealand since March 2009.^[1] EMI Music handles the United Kingdom, Europe, Africa and Middle East since September 2005, as well as having handled Australia and New Zealand prior to their move to Universal in 2009.^[1] The Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Group handles DMG's distribution in Japan^[2] since 1999.

However, as several Hollywood Records artists including Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez were eventually signed directly to Universal Music UK's Fascination Records, Europe-wide distribution for these artists is instead also handled by Universal, rather than by EMI.

Beginning 2011, Disney is distributing its own releases worldwide, except Europe where EMI Music distributes them.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website (Japanese)

Companies portal

Buena Vista, meaning "good view" in Spanish, may refer to:

• Buena Vista (Walt Disney Company), a Walt Disney trademark
• Buena Vista Social Club (disambiguation), a Cuban music club plus an album and film inspired by the club
• Buena Vista University in Storm Lake, Iowa

Places[link]

Argentina

• Buena Vista, Catamarca

Bolivia

• Buena Vista, Bolivia, capital of the Ichilo province of the Santa Cruz Department

Canada

• Buena Vista Road, Edmonton
• Buena Vista, Saskatchewan
• Buena Vista, Saskatoon, a neighborhood in the city of Saskatoon

Cuba

• Buena Vista Nature Reserve in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta

Cuba

• Bay of Buena Vista

Dominican Republic

• Buena Vista, Dominican Republic, a municipal district of the Jarabacoa municipality

Gibraltar (British overseas territory)

• Buena Vista Barracks

Peru

• Buena Vista, Peru, site of 4200 y.o. observatory near Lima

United States

(by state)

• Buena Vista, Amador County, California
• Buena Vista Oil Field in Kern County, California
• Buena Vista Lake now drained, in Kern County, California
• Buena Vista, former name of Buttonwillow, California, in Kern County
• Buena Vista, Mariposa County, California
• Buena Vista, Nevada County, California
• Buena Vista Park, a park in the Haight-Ashbury and Buena Vista Heights neighborhoods of San Francisco, California
• Buena Vista, Santa Clara County, California
• Buena Vista, former name of Visalia, California, in Tulare County
• Buena Vista Elementary School, a school in the Walnut Creek, California school district
• Buena Vista, Colorado
• Buena Vista (Washington, D.C.), a neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
• Buena Vista (St. Georges, Delaware), listed on the NRHP in Delaware
• Buena Vista (Miami), a neighborhood in Miami, Florida
• Lake Buena Vista, Florida (owned by The Walt Disney Company; see also the Disney divisions below)
• Buena Vista, Georgia
• Buena Vista Township, Schuyler County, Illinois
• Buena Vista, Indiana
• Buena Vista County, Iowa
• North Buena Vista, Iowa
• Buena Vista (Stonewall, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
• Buena Vista (Leonardtown, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
• Buena Vista, Michigan
• Buena Vista Charter Township, Michigan
• Buena Vista Valley, Pershing County, Nevada
  • Buena Vista Lake Bed, a watershed within the Great Basin, in Buena Vista Valley
• Buena Vista Township, New Jersey
• Buena Vista, Ohio (disambiguation), 4 different places are named Buena Vista in this state
• Buena Vista, Oregon
• Buena Vista Historic District, Nashville, TN, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
• Buena Vista, Virginia
• Buena Vista (Roanoke, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia
• Buena Vista, Grant County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
• Buena Vista, Portage County, Wisconsin, a town
• Buena Vista, Richland County, Wisconsin, a town
• Buena Vista, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
• Buena Vista Marsh, Wisconsin, a state wildlife refuge, in Portage County
• Montgomery-Janes-Whittaker House, commonly known as Buena Vista Mansion, listed on the NRHP in Autauga County, Alabama

Other uses[link]

• Battle of Buena Vista, a battle in the Mexican-American War fought in 1847 in Buena Vista, Coahuila, Mexico
• Buena Vista (Gomez song), a song by Gomez from their 2000 compilation album Abandoned Shopping Trolley Hotline
• Buena Vista (horse), Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse.

See also[link]

• Buena Vista Park (disambiguation)
• Buenavista (disambiguation)
• Bonavista (disambiguation)
• Boa Vista (disambiguation)
• Buona Vista (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Horace Mann
Horace Mann
Born	(1796-05-04)May 4, 1796 Franklin, Massachusetts
Died	August 2, 1859(1859-08-02) (aged 63) Yellow Springs, Ohio, U.S.
Resting place	North Burial Ground, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
Education	Litchfield Law School
Alma mater	Brown University
Occupation	College president, educator, politician
Spouse	Charlotte Messer Mann (d. 1832) Mary Peabody Mann
Children	Horace Jr. George Combe Benjamin Pickman
Parents	Thomas Mann Rebecca Stanley Mann
Relatives	Stephen Mann (Brother)
Signature

Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was an American education reformer. As a politician he served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833. He served in the Massachusetts Senate from 1834 to 1837. In 1848, after serving as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education since its creation, he was elected to the US House of Representatives. Mann was a brother-in-law to author Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Arguing that universal public education was the best way to turn the nation's unruly children into disciplined, judicious republican citizens, Mann won widespread approval from modernizers, especially in his Whig Party, for building public schools. Most states adopted one version or another of the system he established in Massachusetts, especially the program for "normal schools" to train professional teachers.^[1] Mann has been credited by educational historians as the "Father of the Common School Movement".^[2]

Education[link]

Horace Mann was born on May 4, 1796, in Lexington, Massachusetts. His father was a Yankee farmer without much money. The son's frugal upbringing taught him habits of self-reliance and independence. From ten years of age to twenty he had no more than six weeks' schooling during any year.^[3] He made use of the town library. At the age of 20 he enrolled at Brown University, and graduated after three years^[4] as valedictorian of his class in 1819. The theme of his oration was “The Progressive Character of the Human Race.”^[3] He then studied law for a short time at Wrentham, Massachusetts; was a tutor of Latin and Greek (1820–1822) and a librarian (1821–1823) at Brown University. He also studied during 1821–1823 at Litchfield Law School (the law school conducted by Judge Tapping Reeve in Litchfield, Connecticut), and in 1823, was admitted to the bar in Norfolk, Massachusetts. Mann later attended Don C. Faith Middle School as a peer teacher.

Massachusetts legislature[link]

Mann was elected to the legislature in 1827, and in that body was active in the interests of education, public charities, and laws for the suppression of intemperance and lotteries. He established through his personal exertions the state lunatic asylum at Worcester, and in 1833 was chairman of its board of trustees. He continued to be returned to the legislature as representative from Dedham until his removal to Boston in 1833. While in the legislature he was a member and part of the time chairman of the committee for the revision of the state statutes, and a large number of salutary provisions were incorporated into the code at his suggestion. After their enactment he was appointed one of the editors of the work, and prepared its marginal notes and its references to judicial decisions. He was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate from Boston in 1833, and was its president in 1836–1837. As a member of the Senate, he spent time as the majority leader, and aimed his focus at infrastructure, funding the construction of railroads and canals.^[5]

Marriages[link]

In 1830, Mann married Charlotte Messer, though she died only two years later on August 1, 1832; His grief over her death never fully subsided.^[6] He later married Mary Tyler Peabody.

Education reform[link]

It was not until he was appointed secretary (1837) of the newly created board of education of Massachusetts (the first such position in the United States) that he began the work which was to place him in the foremost rank of American educationists. Previously he had shown no special interest in education. He was only encouraged to take the job because it was a paid office position established by the legislature. He began as secretary of the board. On entering on his duties, he withdrew from all other professional or business engagements and from politics. This led him to become the most prominent national spokesman for that position. He held this position, and worked with a remarkable intensity, holding teachers' conventions, delivering numerous lectures and addresses, carrying on an extensive correspondence, and introducing numerous reforms. Mann traveled to every school in the state so he could physically examine each school ground. He planned and inaugurated the Massachusetts normal school system in Lexington (which shortly thereafter moved to Framingham) and Bridgewater, and began preparing a series of annual reports, which had a wide circulation and were considered as being "among the best expositions, if, indeed, they are not the very best ones, of the practical benefits of a common school education both to the individual and to the state".^[7] By his advocacy of the disuse of corporal punishment in school discipline, he was involved in a controversy with some of the Boston teachers that resulted in the adoption of his views.

In 1838, he founded and edited The Common School Journal. In this journal, Mann targeted the public school and its problems. His six main principles were: (1) the public should no longer remain ignorant; (2) that such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public; (3) that this education will be best provided in schools that embrace children from a variety of backgrounds; (4) that this education must be non-sectarian; (5) that this education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society; and (6) that education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers. Mann worked for more and better equipped school houses, longer school years (until 16 years old), higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum.

Under the auspices of the board, but at his own expense, he went to Europe in 1843 to visit schools, especially in Prussia, and his seventh annual report, published after his return, embodied the results of his tour. Many editions of this report were printed, not only in Massachusetts, but in other states, in some cases by private individuals and in others by legislatures; several editions were issued in England. In 1852, he supported the decision to adopt the Prussian education system in Massachusetts. Shortly after Massachusetts adopted the Prussian system, the Governor of New York set up the same method in twelve different New York schools on a trial basis.

Mann hoped that by bringing all children, of all classes together, they could have a common learning experience. This would also give an opportunity to the less fortunate to advance in the social scale and education would "equalize the conditions of men". Moreover, it was viewed also as a road to social advancement by the early labor movement and as a goal of having common schools. Mann also suggested that by having schools it would help those students who didn't have appropriate discipline in the home. Building a person's character was just as important as reading, writing and arithmetic. By instilling values such as obedience to authority, promptness in attendance, and organizing the time according to bell ringing helped students prepare for future employment. Mann faced some resistance from parents who didn't want to give up the moral education to teachers and bureaucrats. The normal schools trained mostly women, giving them new career opportunities as teachers.^[8]

The practical result of Mann's work was a revolution in the approach used in the common school system of Massachusetts, which in turn influenced the direction of other states. In carrying out his work, Mann met with bitter opposition by some Boston schoolmasters who strongly disapproved of his innovative pedagogical ideas,^[9] and by various religious sectarians, who contended against the exclusion of all sectarian instruction from the schools. He is often called "the father of American public education".^[10]

U.S. Congress[link]

In the spring of 1848 he was elected to the United States Congress as a Whig, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Quincy Adams. His first speech in that body was in advocacy of its right and duty to exclude slavery from the territories, and in a letter in December of that year he said: “I think the country is to experience serious times. Interference with slavery will excite civil commotion in the South. But it is best to interfere. Now is the time to see whether the Union is a rope of sand or a band of steel.” Again he said: “I consider no evil as great as slavery, and I would pass the Wilmot Proviso whether the South rebel or not.” During the first session, he volunteered as counsel for Drayton and Sayres, who were indicted for stealing 76 slaves in the District of Columbia, and at the trial was engaged for 21 successive days in their defense. In 1850, he was engaged in a controversy with Daniel Webster in regard to the extension of slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law. Mann was defeated by a single vote at the ensuing nominating convention by Webster's supporters; but, on appealing to the people as an independent anti-slavery candidate, he was re-elected, serving from April 1848 until March 1853.

Leadership of Antioch College and last years[link]

Original daguerreotype of Rep. Mann (Mass.) from Mathew Brady's studio, c. 1849.

In September 1852, he was nominated for governor of Massachusetts by the Free Soil Party, and the same day was chosen president of the newly established Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio. Failing in the election for governor, he accepted the presidency of the college, in which he continued until his death. There he taught economics, philosophy, and theology; he was popular with students and with lay audiences across the Midwest who attended his lectures promoting public schools. Mann also employed the first woman faculty member to be paid on an equal basis with her male colleagues, Rebecca Pennell, his niece. His commencement message to the class of 1859 to "be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity" is repeated to the graduating class at each commencement.^[11]

Antioch College was founded by the Christian Connexion which later withdrew its financial support causing the college to struggle for many years with meager financial resources due to sectarian infighting. Mann himself was charged with nonadherence to sectarianism because, previously a Congregationalist by upbringing, he joined the Unitarian Church.

He collapsed shortly after the 1859 commencement and died that summer. Antioch historian Robert Straker wrote that Mann had been “crucified by crusading sectarians.” Ralph Waldo Emerson lamented “what seems the fatal waste of labor and life at Antioch.” Mann’s wife, who wrote in anguish that "the blood of martyrdom waters the spot," later disinterred his body from Yellow Springs.^[12] He is buried in the North Burial Ground in Providence, Rhode Island,^[13] next to his first wife, Charlotte Messer Mann. (Charlotte Messer Mann was the daughter of Asa Messer, an early president of Brown University.)

Legacy[link]

Most historians treat Mann as the most important and beneficial leader of education reform in the antebellum period.^{[1][14][15][16]} However, Taylor argues that Mann's view of civic education marginalized the role of schools in training the intellect, and links him to anti-intellectualism in American education.^[17]

~ Horace Mann ~ Issue of 1940

Horace Mann's statue stands in front of the Massachusetts State House along with that of Daniel Webster.

A building of Teachers College, Columbia University is named for him.

At Antioch College a monument carries his quote (now the college motto): "Be Ashamed to Die Until You Have Won Some Victory for Humanity."

There are a number of schools in the United States named for Mann. Additionally, the University of Northern Colorado named the gates to their campus in his dedication, a gift of the Class of 1910.^[18]

The Springfield, Illinois-based Illinois Education Association Mutual Insurance Company, was renamed in honor of Mann in 1950 as the Horace Mann Educators Corporation.

In Maryville, Missouri; Northwest Missouri State University named their education building in honor of Horace Mann. (www.nwmissouri.edu)

Emulation of the Prussian education system in the United States[link]

American educators were fascinated by German educational trends. In 1818, John Griscom gave a favorable report of Prussian education. Beginning in 1830, English translations were made of French philosopher Victor Cousin's work, "Report on the State of Public Education in Prussia." Calvin E. Stowe, Henry Barnard, Horace Mann, George Bancroft and Joseph Cogswell all had a vigorous interest in German education. In 1843, Mann traveled to Germany to investigate how the educational process worked. Upon his return to the United States, he lobbied heavily to have the "Prussian model" adopted.

Mann persuaded his fellow modernizers, especially those in the Whig Party, to legislate tax-supported elementary public education in their states. Indeed, most northern states adopted one version or another of the system he established in Massachusetts, especially the program for "normal schools" to train professional teachers.^[19] In 1852, Mann was instrumental in the decision to adopt the Prussian education system in Massachusetts. Soon New York state set up the same method in 12 different schools on a trial basis.

Works by Mann[link]

• A Few Thoughts for a Young Man (Boston, 1850) online
• Slavery: Letters and Speeches (1851)
• Powers and Duties of Woman (1853)
• Sermons (1861)
• Life and Complete Works of Horace Mann (2 vols., Cambridge, 1869)
• Thoughts selected from the Writings of Horace Mann (1869)
• The Case for Public Schools
• Mann, Horace. The Life and Works of Horace Mann, with introduction by his second wife, Mary Peabody Mann. online edition

References[link]

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mann, Horace". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Further reading[link]

• Cremin, Lawrence A. American Education: The National Experience (1982).
• Downs, R. B. Horace Mann: Champion of the Public Schools (1974)
• Finkelstein, Barbara. "Perfecting Childhood: Horace Mann and the Origins of Public Education in the United States," Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, Winter 1990, Vol. 13#1 pp 6–20
• Hinsdale, Burke A. Horace Mann and the Common School Revival in the United States] (New York, 1898), in the Great Educators series online
• Hubbell, George A. Life of Horace Mann, Educator, Patriot and Reformer (Philadelphia, 1910)
• Messerli, Jonathan. Horace Mann; a biography (1972)
• Taylor, Bob Pepperman. Horace Mann's Troubling Legacy: The Education of Democratic Citizens (University Press of Kansas; 2010).
• Willis, George, Robert V. Bullough, and John T. Holton, eds. The American Curriculum: A Documentary History. (Greenwood Press, 1992). 43–44.
• Winship, Albert E. Horace Mann, the Educator (1896)

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Horace Mann

• Horace Mann Center at Westfield State College
• Mann on education and national welfare
• Mann's contribution's to education
• The Louise Hall Tharp papers, 1949–1953 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.

Greg Landau is a San Francisco-based music and video producer, and an instructor of music and Latin American Studies focused on the social movements that produced revolutionary music and art.^[1] He is a five-time Grammy nominee who has produced over 40 CDs and numerous film scores including serving as Music Director of the film La Mission (film). He also produced the album "Songs from La Mission." ^[2]

Early life[link]

Landau's parents are poet Nina Serrano and filmmaker Saul Landau. He was born in Madison, Wisconsin and grew up in San Francisco's Mission District.^[3] He co-founded Round Whirled Records with Camilo Landau and Round Media along with his sister Valerie Landau and works with his father and Haskell Wexler making documentary films in Latin America.

Music career[link]

During the 1980s, Landau toured internationally as a guitarist and tresero with the Nicaraguan Nueva Canción group, Luis Enrique Mejia Godoy and Mancotal, and shared stages with Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, Mercedes Sosa, Chico Buarque, Amparo Ochoa and Nicomedes Santa Cruz in music festivals and concerts across Latin America and Europe.^[4] He lived and worked in Nicaragua in the 1980s before returning to the US in 1991.^[5]

Media production[link]

Landau has produced work with PBS, Disney, Sony, Warner Bros., CNN, LucasFilm, Six Degrees Records, McDonald's and StarMedia. As Executive Producer at Starmedia,^[6] he has produced videos with Christina Aguilera, Carlos Santana,^[7] Los Lobos, and Sub-Comandante Marcos. He co-founded Round World Music with Robert Leaver, who owned an eclectic music store in San Francisco. [1].^[5][8]

He has produced four Grammy-nominated albums: Carlos "Patato" Valdes's Ritmo y Candela and Ritmo y Candela II in 1996 and 1998,^[3] and Peru Blue with Pamela Rodriguez in 2006.^[9][10]

He has worked with artists including Buena Vista Social Club's Juan de Marcos Gonzalez, Susan Baca, Bobi Cespedes,^[11] Dr Loco, Pete Seeger, Omar Sosa,^[4] John Santos, Pancho Quinto, Quetzal,^[12] Carne Cruda,^[13] Los Mocosos, Maldita Vecindad, poet Piri Thomas,^[14] and David Byrne's record label Luaka Bop. Landau, Babatunde Lea, and John Greenham composed and produced "The African Diaspora Suite" in 2005 for a permanent installation in the newly-built Museum of the African Diaspora in San Francisco.^[15]

He composed and produced the film score for Haskell Wexler's 2006 documentary film, Who Needs Sleep^[16]and Peter and Benjamin Bratt's "La Mission", which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival.^[17] He produced Salve a Bahia then Gente! for the Brazilian group SambaDa in 2009, who say he made their work “more fun, more work, more intense.”^[18][19] He also produced work for Mexican singer and songwriter Arturo Ortega. His most recent work was producing a CD with Mexican rockers, Maldita Vecindad, titled Circular Colectivo that debuted with a splash in Mexico^[20] In 2011 he produced the CD, Calma, for CUban pianist Omar Sosa, that was nomated for the Latin Grammys in the Instrumental Music Category.

Teaching[link]

Landua received a doctorate in Communication from the University of California, San Diego.^[21] He teaches at the University of California at Santa Cruz^[22] and he researches the role of music in contemporary societies.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Official website
• Taylor, Andrew; Stephanie Jutt. "Art as Business as Art: Greg Landau". Open Source Audio. UW-Madison Arts Institute. http://www.archive.org/details/ArtAsBusinessAsArtGregLandau. Retrieved 24 January 2010. 

Annette Funicello
Funicello as a participant in Seattle Seafair's Torchlight Parade, 1963.
Born	Annette Joanne Funicello (1942-10-22) October 22, 1942 (age 69) Utica, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, singer
Years active	1955–1995
Spouse	Jack Gilardi (1965–1981; three children Glen Holt (1986–present)

Annette Joanne Funicello (born October 22, 1942) is an American singer and actress. She was Walt Disney's most popular cast member of the original Mickey Mouse Club,^[1] and went on to appear in a series of beach party films.

Biography and career[link]

Early life and early stardom[link]

Annette Joanne Funicello was born in Utica, New York, to Italian-Americans Joseph and Virginia Funicello. Her family moved to Southern California when she was four years old.^[2] Funicello took dancing and music lessons as a child to overcome shyness. In 1955, the 12-year-old was discovered by Walt Disney when she performed as the Swan Queen in Swan Lake at a dance recital in Burbank, California. Disney cast her as one of the original "Mouseketeers". She was the last to be selected, and the only one personally picked by Walt Disney himself. She proved to be very popular and by the end of the first season of Mickey Mouse Club, she was receiving 6,000 letters a month, according to her Disney Legends biography.

In addition to appearing in many Mouseketeer sketches and dance routines, Funicello starred in several serials on The Mickey Mouse Club. These included Adventure in Dairyland, Walt Disney Presents: Annette (which co-starred Richard Deacon), and the second and third Spin and Marty serials - The Further Adventures of Spin and Marty and The New Adventures of Spin and Marty. In a hayride scene in the Annette serial, she performed the song that launched her singing career. The studio received so much mail about "How Will I Know My Love" (lyrics by Tom Adair, music by Frances Jeffords and William Walsh^[3][4]), that Walt Disney issued it as a single, and gave Funicello (somewhat unwillingly) a recording contract.^[5]

Actress and singer[link]

Funicello with Richard Tyler, 1959.

As a guest star with Frankie Laine and Danny Thomas on The Danny Thomas Show, 1959.

After the Mickey Mouse Club, she remained under contract with Disney for a time, with television roles in Zorro, Elfego Baca and The Horsemasters. For Zorro she played Anita Campillo in a three-episode storyline about a teen-aged girl who arrives in Los Angeles to visit a father who does not seem to exist. This role was reportedly a birthday present from Walt Disney, and the first of two different characters played opposite Guy Williams as Zorro. Annette also co-starred in Disney-produced movies such as The Shaggy Dog, Babes in Toyland, The Misadventures of Merlin Jones, and The Monkey's Uncle.^[6]

Although uncomfortable being thought of as a singer, Annette had a number of pop record hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s, mostly written by the Sherman Brothers and including: "Tall Paul," "First Name Initial," "O Dio Mio," "Train of Love" (written by Paul Anka) and "Pineapple Princess." They were released by Disney's Buena Vista label. Annette also recorded "It's Really Love" in 1959, a reworking of an earlier Paul Anka song called "Toot Sweet"; Anka reworked the song for a third time in 1962 as "Johnny's Theme" and it opened The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on television for the next three decades. In an episode of the Disney anthology television series titled "Disneyland After Dark," Annette can be seen singing live at Disneyland. Walt Disney was reportedly a fan of 1950s pop star Teresa Brewer and tried to pattern Annette's singing in the same style. However, Funicello credits "the Annette sound" to her record producer, Tutti Camarata, who worked for Disney in that era. Camarata had her double-track her vocals, matching her first track as closely as possible on the second recording to achieve a fuller sound than her voice would otherwise produce.^{[citation needed]} Early in her career, she appeared on the NBC interview program Here's Hollywood. ^[5]

Beach icon and spokeswoman[link]

She moved on from Disney to become a teen idol, starring in a series of "Beach Party" movies with Frankie Avalon for American International Pictures. These included Beach Party, Muscle Beach Party, Bikini Beach, Beach Blanket Bingo, How to Stuff a Wild Bikini and Pajama Party.

When she was cast in her first beach movie, Walt Disney requested that she only wear modest bathing suits and keep her navel covered. However, she wore a pink two-piece in Beach Party, a white two-piece fishnet suit in the second film (Muscle Beach Party) and a blue and white bikini in the third (Bikini Beach). All three swimsuits bared her navel, particularly in Bikini Beach, where it is visible extensively during close up shots in a sequence early in the film when she meets Frankie Avalon's "Potato Bug" character outside his tent.^[7]

She and Avalon became iconic as "beach picture" stars and were re-united in 1987 for the Paramount film Back to the Beach, parodying their own surf-and-sand films two decades earlier. They toured the country as a singing act.

In 1979, Funicello began starring in a series of television commercials for Skippy peanut butter.^[8]

Personal[link]

Funicello was married to her first husband, Jack Gilardi, from 1965 until 1981. They had three children: Gina (b. 1966), Jack, Jr. (b. 1970), and Jason (b. 1974). In 1986, she married California harness racing horse breeder/trainer Glen Holt.^[2] Annette and Glen were frequently seen at Los Alamitos Race Course and at Fairplex in Pomona in the 1980s and 1990s attending harness horse races.

In 1987, Annette reunited with Frankie Avalon for a series of promotional concerts to promote their film Back to the Beach. She began to suffer from dizzy spells, but kept her failing health from her family.

Funicello announced in 1992 that she suffers from multiple sclerosis.^[9] She had kept her condition a secret for many years, but felt it necessary to go public to combat rumors that her impaired ability to walk was the result of alcoholism. That same year, she was inducted as a Disney Legend.^[10] In 1993, she opened the Annette Funicello Fund for Neurological Disorders at the California Community Foundation.

Funicello's best friend is Shelley Fabares. She and Fabares have been friends since they were young teenagers in a catechism class, and Fabares was a bridesmaid at Funicello's first wedding. She is also very close to fellow Mouseketeers Sharon Baird, Doreen Tracey, and her "Beach" movies co-star, Frankie Avalon.

Her autobiography, published in 1994, is A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: My Story. The title is taken from a song from the Disney movie Cinderella. A made-for-TV movie based on the book, A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: The Annette Funicello Story, was made in 1995. In the final scene, the actress portraying Funicello (Eva LaRue), riding in a wheelchair, is turned away from the camera — turning back, it is Funicello herself, who delivers a message to a group of children. During this period she also produced her own line of teddy bears for the Annette Funicello Collectible Bear Company.^[2] The last collection in the series was made in 2004. She also has her own fragrance, "Cello by Annette".

Her parents died within two years of each other. On September 2, 2007, Annette's mother, Virginia Funicello, died of pneumonia, a month after her 86th birthday. On May 21, 2009, Annette's father, Joe Funicello, died of natural causes at the age of 93. The only on-screen appearance her parents made was in the above-mentioned A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: The Annette Funicello Story.

On March 10, 2011, her Encino, California, home caught fire. She suffered smoke inhalation, but was otherwise unharmed.^[11]

Discography[link]

Numbers in parentheses indicated peak position in Billboard charts ^[12]

Albums[link]

• Annette -- Vista BV-3301—1959
• Annette Sings Anka (#21) -- Vista BV-3302—1960
• Hawaiiannette (#38) -- Vista BV-3303—1960
• Italiannette -- Vista BV-3304—1960
• Dance Annette -- Vista BV-3305—1961
• The Story of My Teens -- Vista BV-3312—1962

  The above albums were issued in mono only

• Annette's Beach Party (#39) -- Vista BV-3316 (Mono)/STER-3316 (Stereo) -- July 1963
• Muscle Beach Party -- Vista BV-3314/STER-3314—April 1964
• Annette On Campus -- Vista BV-3320/STER-3320—1964
• Annette At Bikini Beach -- Vista BV-3324/STER-3324—September 1964
• Pajama Party -- Vista BV-3325/STER-3325—November 1964
• Something Borrowed Something Blue -- Vista BV-3328/STER-3328—1964
• Annette Sings Golden Surfin' Hits -- Vista BV-3327/STER-3327—July 1965
• Annette Funicello -- Vista BV-4037—1972
• Annette Funicello Country Album -- Starview 4001—1984
• Best of Annette—Rhino RNDF-206—1984

Also released as a picture disk on Rhino RNLP-702

• Annette: A Musical Reunion with America's Girl-Next-Door -- Vista 60010—1993
• A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes -- Time/Warner 520564—released April 16, 1995
• The Best of Annette -- Vista—Released August 14, 1991

Singles[link]

• "How Will I Know My Love"/"Don't Jump To Conclusions" -- Disneyland 102 (1958)
• "That Crazy Place In Outer Space"/"Gold Doubloons and Pieces of Eight" -- Disneyland 114 (1958)
• "Tall Paul" (#7)/"Ma, He's Making Eyes at Me" -- Disneyland 118 (1959)
• "Jo Jo the Dog Faced Boy" (#73)/"Lonely Guitar" -- Vista 336 (1959)

Later pressings feature "Love Me Forever" as the B-side

• "Lonely Guitar" (#50)/"Wild Willie" -- Vista 339 (1959)
• "Especially For You"/"My Heart Became Of Age" -- Vista 344 (1959)
• "First Name Initial" (#20)/"My Heart Became of Age" (#74) -- Vista 349 (1959)
• "O Dio Mio" (#10)/"It Took Dreams" -- Vista 354 (1960)
• "Train of Love" (#36)/"Tell Me Who's The Girl" -- Vista 359 (1960)
• "Pineapple Princess" (#11)/"Luau Cha Cha Cha" -- Vista 362 (1960)
• "Talk to Me Baby" (#92)/"I Love You Baby" -- Vista 369 (1960)
• "Dream Boy" (#87)/"Please, Please Signore" -- Vista 374 (1961)
• "Indian Giver"/"Mama, Mama Rosa (Where's The Spumoni)" -- Vista 375 (1961)
• "Hawaiian Love Talk"/"Blue Muu Muu" (#107) -- Vista 384 (1961)
• "Dreamin' About You" (#106)/"Strummin' Song" -- Vista 388 (1961)
• "That Crazy Place From Outer Space"/"Seven Moons (Of Batalyre) (By Danny Saval & Tom Tyron) -- Vista 392 (1962)
• "The Truth About Youth"/"I Can't Do The Sum" -- Vista 394 (1962)
• "My Little Grass Shack"/"Hukilau" -- Vista 400 (1962)
• "He's My Ideal"/"Mr. Piano Man" -- Vista 405 (1962)
• "Bella Bella Florence"/"Canzone d'Amoure" -- Vista 407 (1962)
• "Teenage Wedding"/"Walkin' and Talkin'" -- Vista 414 (1962)
• "Treat Him Nicely"/"Promise Me Anything" (#123) -- Vista 427 (1963)
• "Merlin Jones"/"The Scrambled Egghead" -- Vista 431 (1964)

Duets with Tommy Kirk

• "Custom City"/"Rebel Rider" -- Vista 432 (1964)
• "Muscle Beach Party"/"I Dream About Frankie" -- Vista 433 (1964)
• "Bikini Beach Party"/"The Clyde" -- Vista 436 (1964)
• "The Wah-Watusi"/"The Clyde" -- Vista 437 (1964)
• "Something Borrowed, Something Blue"/"How Will I Know My Love" -- Vista 438 (1965)

B-side is a new version of Annette's first recording

• "The Monkey's Uncle"/"How Will I Know My Love" -- Vista 440 (1965)

A-side features Annette with The Beach Boys

• "Boy To Love"/"No One Else Could Be Prouder" -- Vista 442 (1965)
• "No Way To Go But Up"/"Crystal Ball" -- Vista 450 (1966)
• "What's A Girl To Do"/"When You Get What You Want" -- Tower 326 (1967)

Annette's name is misspelled on both sides as "Annettte"

• "The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes"/"Merlin Jones" -- Vista 475 (1970)
• "(Together We Can Make A) Merry Christmas"/"The Night Before Christmas" -- Pacific Star 569 (1981)

Duets with Frankie Avalon

• "The Promised Land"/"In Between and Out Of Love" -- Starview 3001 (1983)

Filmography[link]

• The Shaggy Dog (1959)
• Babes in Toyland (1961)
• Elfego Baca: Six Gun Law (1962) (compilation of episodes from Wonderful World of Color serial)
• The Horsemasters (1962) (compilation of episodes from Wonderful World of Color serial)
• Beach Party (1963)
• The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964)
• Muscle Beach Party (1964)
• Bikini Beach (1964)
• Pajama Party (1964)
• Beach Blanket Bingo (1965)
• The Monkey's Uncle (1965)
• Ski Party (1965) (Cameo)
• How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (1965)
• Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine (1965) (Cameo)
• Fireball 500 (1966)
• Thunder Alley (1967)
• Head (1968)
• Back to the Beach (1987)
• Troop Beverly Hills (1989) (Cameo)

Television work[link]

• Mickey Mouse Club (1955–1959)
• Zorro (as Anita Campillo in Season 2)
• The Danny Thomas Show (cast member in 1959)
• Walt Disney anthology television series (in 1961 as Constancia in the second hour-long Zorro episode, "The Postponed Wedding," on the Disney anthology series, during the hiatus of Zorro due to a legal dispute with ABC)
• The Horsemasters (1961)
• Escapade in Florence (1962)
• "Rosetta", The Greatest Show on Earth (1964)
• Easy Does It... Starring Frankie Avalon (1976) (Four-week summer variety series)
• Frankie and Annette: The Second Time Around (1978) (unsold pilot)
• "Ghostbreaker" episode Fantasy Island (1978) ^[13]
• The Mouseketeer Reunion (November 23, 1980)
• Lots of Luck (1985; made-for-TV movie)
• Growing Pains episode "The Seavers and the Cleavers" (guest star, 1985)
• Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special (guest star, 1988)
• Full House episode "Joey Goes Hollywood" (guest star with Frankie Avalon, March 29, 1991)
• A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: The Annette Funicello Story (1995; made-for-TV movie)

Book[link]

• Funicello, Annette and Patricia Romanowski. A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes: My Story 1994, ISBN 0-7868-8092-9
• The Annette Mysteries- Box Set of 4 (Walt Disney Presents) includes The Desert Inn Mystery, The Mystery at Moonstone Bay, The Mystery at Smugglers' Cove, and Sierra Summer

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Annette Funicello

• Annette Funicello at the Internet Movie Database