Tribal art is an umbrella term used to describe visual arts and material culture of indigenous peoples. Also known as Ethnographic art, or, controversially, Primitive Art, tribal arts have historically been collected by Western anthropologists, private collectors, and museums, particularly ethnographic and natural history museums. The term "primitive" is criticized as being Eurocentric and pejorative.

Tribal art is often ceremonial or religious in nature. Typically originating in rural areas, tribal art refers to the subject and craftsmanship of artefacts from tribal cultures.

In museum collections, tribal art has three primary categories.

Collection of tribal arts has been historically been inspired by the Western myth of the "noble savage", and lack of cultural context has been a challenge with the Western mainstream public's perception of tribal arts. In the 19th century, non-western art was not seen by mainstream Western art professional as being as art at all. The art world perception of tribal arts is becoming less paternalistic, as Indigenous and non-indigenous advocates have struggled for more objective scholarship of tribal art. Before Post-Modernism emerged in the 1960s, art critics approached tribal arts from a purely formalist approach, that is, responding only to the visual elements of the work and disregarding historical context, symbolism, or the artist's intention.

Sally Price (born 16 September 1943 in Boston) is an American anthropologist, best known for her studies of so-called “primitive art” and its place in the imaginaire of Western viewers.

Price attended Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati and then Harvard College, where she majored in French Literature, graduating in 1965 after spending her junior year at the Sorbonne in Paris. In 1963 she married anthropology graduate student Richard Price and together they began conducting fieldwork together during summers – in a fishing village in Martinique (1963), in a village in rural Andalusia, Spain (1964), and among Zinacanteco Indians in Chiapas, Mexico (1965 and 1966) as part of a large Harvard-led project in the area. After a brief trip to Suriname to explore the possibility of conducting long-term field research among the Saramaka Maroons of the interior, the Prices returned for a two-year residence in the village of Dangogo, on the upper Suriname River. This experience formed the foundation of much of their subsequent contribution to the discipline of anthropology and the field of African American studies.

Art dolls are dolls created by artists and intended as expressive and unique art objects rather than children's toys. Art dolls made by professional artists may be considered fine art. Made using a wide variety of styles and media, some are abstract or tribal, while others are incredibly realistic. They range from dolls with pre-manufactured parts to being wholly fabricated by the artist or sculptor. The term "art dolls" usually refers to human-like dolls, but not always. Art dolls can depict animals, mythical creatures, or abstract beings.

Art dolls differ from mass-produced children's dolls. Even though the word doll is attached, art dolls are not playthings. Art dolls are made by artists as an expression rather than to create a child's play toy.

Art dolls demand a wide range of many skills and technologies, including but not only, sculpting, painting and costuming. Technicalities involve knowledge of the various clays used create a human or human-like sculpture. Most art dolls are dressed, requiring sewing. Some are high fashion while some are period or fantasy.

Roswell Rudd (born Roswell Hopkins Rudd, Jr. in Sharon, Connecticut, on November 17, 1935) is a Grammy Award-nominated American jazz trombonist and composer.

Although skilled in a variety of genres of jazz (including dixieland, which he performed while in college) and other genres of music, he is known primarily for his work in free and avant-garde jazz. Since 1962 Rudd has worked extensively with saxophonist Archie Shepp.

Rudd graduated from Yale University where he had played with Eli's Chosen Six, a dixieland band of Yale students that Rudd joined in the mid-'50s. The sextet played the boisterous trad jazz style of the day and recorded two albums, including one for Columbia. His landmark collaborations with Cecil Taylor, Archie Shepp, John Tchicai and Steve Lacy grew out of the lessons learned while playing rags and stomps for drunken college kids in Connecticut.

Rudd later taught ethnomusicology at Bard College and the University of Maine. On and off for a period of three decades, Roswell Rudd assisted Alan Lomax with his world music song style (Cantometrics) and Global Jukebox projects, and the wealth of information on the music of this planet that he absorbed inspired him to collaborate beyond the periphery of jazz or even of western music.

David Haney ( born 1955 in Fresno, California) is a jazz pianist, composer and bandleader.

While he was an infant his family moved Fresno, California to Calgary, Canada. David began piano studies at the age of nine adding guitar at 15.

He has collaborated with Julian Priester, Buell Neidlinger, John Tchicai, Han Bennink, Mat Marucci and Wilbert de Joode and recorded on the Cadence and CIMP labels.

In 2006 - he recorded Blues Royale and Blue Flint Girl for the CIMP label.

At age 18 David moved to Davis CA, where he attended Sacramento City College. He met and married Joanna Aplington in 1976. They have four children together, Alex, b. 1977, Ava, b. 1981, Emily, b 1985, Colin b. 1989. He attended the University of New Orleans in 1977 and in 1978 he moved to Portland OR and studied music theory at Clarke College in Vancouver, WA and private studies with jazz pianist Eddie Weid. From 1980-1985 David studied privately with Czech American composer Tomas Svoboda. David was a member of the Society of Oregon Composers from 1980 to 1983.[2]