A Stollen is a loaf-shaped cake containing dried fruit, and covered with sugar, powdered sugar or icing sugar. The cake is usually made with chopped candied fruit and/or dried fruit, nuts and spices. Stollen is a traditional German cake, usually eaten during the Christmas season, when called Weihnachtsstollen or Christstollen. A similar cake, found in Dutch cuisine, is called a Kerststol in Dutch, while in Italian cuisine the panettone also shows a likeness.

Recipe

Stollen is a bread-like fruitcake made with yeast, water and flour, and usually with zest added to the dough. Candied orange peel and candied citrus peel (Zitronat), raisins and almonds, and different spices such as cardamom and cinnamon are added. Other ingredients, such as milk, sugar, butter, salt, rum, eggs, vanilla, other dried fruits and nuts and marzipan may also be added to the Stollen dough. Except for the fruit added, the dough is quite low in sugar. The finished cake is sprinkled with icing sugar. The traditional weight of a Stollen is around 4.4 pounds (2 kg), but smaller sizes are now available.

The Dresden Stollen (originally Striezel), a moist, heavy bread filled with fruit, was first mentioned in an official document in 1474, and the most famous Stollen is still the Dresdner Stollen, sold, among other places, at the local Christmas market, Striezelmarkt. Dresden Stollen is produced in the city of Dresden and distinguished by a special seal depicting King Augustus II the Strong. This "official" Stollen is produced by only 150 Dresden bakers.

History

The early Stollen was a different pastry, the ingredients were very different - flour, oats and water.

As a Christmas pastry, Stollen was baked for the first time at the Saxon Royal Court in 1427, and was made with flour, yeast, oil and water.

The Advent season was a time of fasting, and bakers were not allowed to use butter, only oil, and the cake was tasteless and hard.

In the 15th century, in medieval Saxony (in central Germany, north of Bavaria and south of Brandenburg), the Prince Elector Ernst (1441 - 1486) and his brother Duke Albrecht (1443 –1500) decided to remedy this by writing to the Pope in Rome. The Saxon bakers needed to use butter, as oil in Saxony was expensive,hard to come by, and had to be made from turnips, which was unhealthy.

Pope Nicholas V (1397 – 1455), in 1450 denied the first appeal. Five popes died until finally, Pope Innocent VIII, (1432 – 1492) in 1490 sent a letter to the Prince, known as the "Butter-Letter" which granted the use of butter (without having to pay a fine) - but only for the Prince-Elector and his family and household.

Others were also permitted to use butter, but with the condition of having to pay annually 1/20th of a gold Gulden to support the building of the Freiburg Minster. The ban on butter was removed when Saxony became Protestant.

Over the centuries, the cake changed from being a simple, fairly tasteless "bread" to a sweeter cake with richer ingredients, such as marzipan, although the traditional Stollen is not as sweet, light and airy as the copies made around the world.

Dresden Stollen festival

Every year a Stollenfest takes place in Dresden. This historical tradition ended only in 1918 with the fall of the monarchy, and started again in 1994, but the idea comes from Dresden’s history.

Dresden’s Christmas market was mentioned in the chronicles for the first time in 1474.

The tradition of baking Christmas Stollen in Dresden is very old. Christmas Stollen in Dresden was already baked in the 15th century.

In 1560, the bakers of Dresden offered the rulers of Saxony Christmas Stollen weighing 36 pounds each as gift, and the custom continued.

Augustus II the Strong (1670 –1733) was the Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. The King loved pomp, luxury, splendour and feasts. In 1730, he impressed his subjects, ordering the Bakers’ Guild of Dresden to make a giant 1.7-tonne Stollen, big enough for everyone to have a portion to eat. There were around 24,000 guests who were taking part in the festivities on the occasion of the legendary amusement festivity known as Zeithainer Lustlager. For this special occasion, the court architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann (1662-1737), built a particularly oversized Stollen oven. An oversized Stollen knife also had been designed solely for this occasion.

Today, the festival takes place on the Saturday before the second Sunday in Advent, and the cake weighs between three and four tonnes. A carriage takes the cake in a parade through the streets of Dresden to the Christmas market, where it is ceremoniously cut into pieces and distributed among the crowd, for a small sum which goes to charity. A special knife, the Grand Dresden Stollen Knife, a silver-plated knife, 1.60 meters long weighing 12 kg, which is a copy of the lost baroque original knife from 1730, is used to festively cut the oversize Stollen at the Dresden Christmas fair.

The largest Stollen was baked in 2010 by Lidl; it was 70 meters long and was certified by the Guinness Book of World Records, at the trainstation of Haarlem.

A stollen is like regular sweetened fruit bread. However, because it is slathered with melted unsalted butter and rolled in sugar as soon as it comes out of the oven, the result is a much better keeping and moister product. The marzipan rope in the middle is optional. The dried fruits are macerated in rum or brandy for a superior tasting bread.

Gallery

See also

Kerststol

Christmas worldwide

Striezelmarkt

Christkindlmarkt

Cuisine of Germany

Pan de pascua

External links

Dresden Stollen Festival

Dresden Stollen history, in English from the Germany Embassy in Canada

Stollen history, in German

Recipes

A German Stollen recipe, in German and English

German Stollen recipe, in German

Preparation Tips

References

Category:Cakes Category:Dresden Category:Christmas food Category:Christmas in Germany Category:German cuisine Category:German desserts Category:German loanwords Category:Saxon cuisine

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''Matlock'' is an American television legal drama that ran from September 23, 1986 to May 8, 1992 on NBC, then from November 5, 1992 to May 7, 1995 on ABC. A total of 195 episodes were produced.

Seasons

Season 1 (1986-1987)

# "Diary of a Perfect Murder: Part 1" (pilot episode) # "Diary of a Perfect Murder: Part 2" # "The Judge" - The episode starts out with Kevin Meredith (played by Brian Lane Green) and Joanne Leigh (played by Bobbie Eakes) kissing in a room with Carter Addison (played by Dick Van Dyke) watching them through the window with a pair of binoculars. He finally comes to the conclusion that his lover is cheating on him. He walks over to their apartment room, lets himself in, and waits for Kevin to go take a shower, before entering the bedroom, covering Joanne's mouth and then stabbing her to death in her bed. He leaves the knife on the floor, goes back out into the hall and calls the front desk, saying, "There is a woman screaming for help. Something terrible has happened". Then he takes his bag with the bloody clothes in it. Kevin comes out of the shower and finds a knife with blood all over it. He picks up the knife, looks over at the bed and sees Joanne dead, and then someone at the apartment comes in and sees him holding the murder weapon. It turns out Carter Addison is the judge presiding over the trial. Matlock becomes very suspicious when Carter asks him to step and have the son of another lawyer they are both familiar with take his place. Later in the episode Carter goes back and burns the bag with all of his bloody clothes in it. Matlock, however, beat him to it. He had replacements put there by Tyler Hudson and is able to present the real clothes in court. The prosecution then moves for dismissal. # "The Stripper" - After being fired from one job after another because of her ex-husband, Jason Hardiman (John Carter), Carla Evans (Kerrie Keane) has had to resort to stripping at a local club. She takes her son there and has him read a book in another room while she performs. Then, her ex-husband shows up, and threatens to take her son away by going to court. She threatens him in front of witnesses, saying, "I'm not going to stand still for this. I'm warning you". So when Jason Hardiman ends in the hospital after being shot, she is the prime suspect. Matlock, who represented her ex-husband in the divorce hearings five years ago, offers to defend her on the house after he found out what a liar her ex-husband was. When Carla Evans is released from jail, Jason Hardiman is murdered in the hospital, and once again, Carla is the suspect in a murder case after the night nurse, Ms. Jackson (Anne Haney), identified her from the hallway and from a security camera video. Charlene tackles that by bringing up the point that she wasn't wearing her glasses when she identified the defendant from the hallway. Matlock notices in another video that the woman that killed Jason Hardiman buttoned their trenchcoat like a man, left over right. When Helen Shelly (Gary Frank) is called to the stand, she says she was with Doug Templitt (also played by Gary Frank) on the night Jason Hardiman was shot and when someone entered the hospital room and killed Jason Hardiman. Because they spend so much time together, Matlock assumes that she grabbed Doug's trenchcoat by accident. Matlock then thinks they have a case of confused identity, so he tells a joke he heard Doug tell while going undercover at the club - "One time a woman went into a barroom with a duck under her arm. The bartender walks over and says, 'Where did you get the pig?' and the woman says, 'It's a duck,' and the bartender says, 'I was talking to the pig.' " Helen says, "Duck, I was talking to the duck" in Doug's voice. It turns out that Helen Shelly and Doug Templitt are one and the same person, but two personalities. When Matlock asks Doug who killed Jason Hardiman, he says it was Helen. In Doug's words, Carla "was everything Helen wanted to be but couldn't". Jason wanted to humiliate, degrade, and take her child away from Carla. Doug wouldn't let Helen kill Carla because he loved Carla. # "The Affair" # "The Seduction" # "The Don: Part 1" # "The Don: Part 2" # "The Sisters" # "The Cop" # "The Angel" # "The Professor" # "Santa Claus" # "The Chef" - Matlock defends TV cooking-show hostess Victoria Edwards (Cathryn Damon) who is charged with murder in the on-camera death of a guest chef, who happens to be her ex-husband, Michael Edwards (portrayed by NY Times food writer Craig Claiborne), whose success came in no small measure from appropriating her recipes and expertise during their 12-year marriage. # "The Author" # "The Rat Pack" # "The Nurse" (First Appearance of Julie March) # "The Convict" # "The Court Martial: Part 1" # "The Court Martial: Part 2" # "The Therapist" (First Appearance of Cassie Philips) # "The People vs. Matlock" # "The Photographer" # "The Reporter" # "The Doctors"

Season 2 (1987-1988)

# "The Billionaire: Part 1" (first appearance of Michelle Thomas) # "The Billionaire: Part 2" # "Blind Justice" # "The Annihilator" # "The Husband" # "The Power Brokers: Part 1" # "The Power Brokers: Part 2" # "The Network" - Matlock defends a television executive accused of murdering his boss. Guest appearance of ALF. # "The Best Friend" # "The Country Boy" # "The Gift" - Matlock defends a Santa accused of murder - Brian Emerson. Maggie Crowley, Brian's ex-wife, was murdered at 5 minutes past 10:00. She was hosting a Christmas party populated by Santa Clauses. Matlock also plays father Christmas to Wendy Crowley, Maggie and Brian's daughter, and spreads some Christmas Cheer on a judge who has lost his Christmas spirit. # "The Gambler" - Matlock defends a police Lieutenant against a murder charge in Las Vegas. Laura Norwood, the victim, was killed on the evening of the 19th, between 10:30 and 11:30. She was staying on the 6th floor of a hotel run by Lewis Devlin, in the Princess Suite. # "The Body" # "The Reunion" # "The Gigolo" # "The Umpire" - Matlock defends a Insurance Salesman (Richard Kline) accused of killing his boss after a disputed play during a softball game in which the boss was the umpire. # "The Investigation: Part 1" # "The Investigation: Part 2" # "The Hucksters" # "The Lovelorn" # "The Genius" # "The Magician" # "The Fisherman" # "The Heiress"

Season 3 (1988-1989)

# "The Lemon" (first appearance of Les Calhoun) # "The Ambassador: Part 1" # "The Ambassador: Part 2" # "The Mistress" # "The D.J." # "The Captain" # "The Vendetta" # "The Mayor: Part 1" # "The Mayor: Part 2" # "The Black Widow" # "The Other Woman" # "The Starlet" # "The Psychic" # "The Thief: Part 1" # "The Thief: Part 2" # "The Thoroughbred" # "The Model" # "The Cult" # "The Blues Singer" # "The Priest"

Season 4 (1989-1990)

# "The Hunting Party: Part 1" (first appearance of Conrad McMasters) # "The Hunting Party: Part 2" # "The Good Boy" # "The Best Seller" # "The Ex" # "The Clown" # "The Star" # "The Con Man" # "The Prisoner: Part 1" # "The Prisoner: Part 2" # "The Fugitive" # "The Buddies" # "The Scrooge" # "The Witness" # "The Student" # "The Talk Show" # "The Victim" # "The Kidnapper" # "The Pro" # "The Informer: Part 1" # "The Informer: Part 2" # "The D.A." # "The Blackmailer" # "The Cookie Monster"

Season 5 (1990-1991)

# "The Mother" # "No Where To Turn: Part 1" # "No Where To Turn: Part 2" # "The Madam" # "The Personal Trainer" # "The Narc" # "The Secret: Part 1" # "The Secret: Part 2" # "The Brothers" # "The Cover Girl" # "The Biker" # "The Broker" # "The Fighter" # "The Critic" # "The Parents" # "The Man Of The Year" # "The Arsonist" # "The Formula" # "The Trial: Part 1" # "The Trial: Part 2" # "The Accident" # "The Celebrity"

Season 6 (1991-1992)

# "The Witness Killings: Part 1" # "The Witness Killings: Part 2" # "The Strangler" # "The Nightmare" # "The Marriage Counselor" # "The Dame" # "The Suspect: Part 1" # "The Suspect: Part 2" # "The Defense" # "The Game Show" # "The Foursome" # "The Picture: Part 1" # "The Picture: Part 2" # "The Outcast: Part 1" # "The Outcast: Part 2" # "The Big Payoff" # "The Abduction" # "Mr. Awesome" # "The Evening News: Part 1" # "The Evening News: Part 2" # "The Assassination: Part 1" (first appearance of Leanne MacIntyre) # "The Assassination: Part 2"

Season 7 (1992-1993)

# "The Vacation: Part 1" (first appearance of Cliff Lewis) # "The Vacation: Part 2" # "The Legacy: Part 1" # "The Legacy: Part 2" # "The Ghost" - A murder victim returns from the dead as a ghost and asks Matlock to defend his wife, who is charged with his death. # "The Class" # "The Singer" # "The Mark" # "The Juror" # "The Fortune: Part 1" # "The Fortune: Part 2" # "The Debt" # "The Revenge" # "The Obsession" # "The Divorce" # "The Final Affair: Part 1" # "The Final Affair: Part 2" # "The Competition"

Season 8 (1993-1994)

# "The Play" # "The Fatal Seduction: Part 1" # "The Fatal Seduction: Part 2" # "The Diner" # "The View" # "The Last Laugh" # "The Capital Offense" # "The Haunted: Part 1" # "The Haunted: Part 2" # "The Conspiracy" # "Matlock’s Bad, Bad,Dream" # "The Defendant" # "The Kidnapping: Part 1" # "The Kidnapping: Part 2" # "The Temptation" # "The Crook" # "The Murder Game" # "Brennen" # "The P.I."-- a backdoor pilot...after Ben briefly meets Jesse Morgan (Tracy Nelson) in the teaser,the remainder is set in Los Angeles and centered entirely on Jesse and her father (George Peppard) with no Matlock characters even mentioned. # "The Godfather" # "The Idol: Part 1" # "The Idol: Part 2"

Season 9 (1994-1995)

# "The Accused: Part 1" (first appearance of Jerri Stone) # "The Accused: Part 2" # "The Scandal" # "The Dare" - A millionaire bent on revenge murders one of Matlock's closest friends and dares the lawyer to prove he did it. # "The Tabloid" - Matlock defends a senatorial candidate accused of murdering a tabloid paper editor. Senatorial candidate Carol Davis has a photo taken of her which embarrasses her, and when she confronts Ross Buckley, the editor-in-chief of the National Informer, she finds him dead. The murder weapon turns up at her house, and she is accused of his murder. The real killer was Chet Sellers, a photographer at the paper and a high school dropout, who discovered that Ross and Reverend Wesley Masters were conspiring together concerning a picture he had taken, and he killed him. # "The Coach" # "The Dating Game" # "The Confession" # "Dead Air" # "The Getaway" # "The Verdict" # "The Deadly Dose" # "The Target" # "The Assault" # "The Heist Part: 1" # "The Heist Part: 2" # "The Scam: Part 1" # "The Scam: Part 2"

See also

List of characters in Matlock

External links

Complete Episode Guide at tagsrwc.com

''Matlock'' at tv.com

Episodes for "Matlock" at the Internet Movie Database

www.tv.com

Matlock Matlock *

Garlapati Tenali Ramakrishna () (), popularly known as Tenali Rama and Vikata Kavi, was a court-poet of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 16th century. He was one of the ''Ashtadiggajas'' who belonged to the court of Krishnadevaraya in Vijayanagar.

Biography

According to legend, he is from a Niyogi Telugu Brahmin family and had originally hailed from Lakkaraju Garlapadu village near sattenapalli mandal Guntur District of Andra Pradesh. He was also known as ''Tenali Ramalinga'', a Shaiva name. There is a conflict ongoing in between mahamantri Thimmarusu and Tenali Ramalinga as thimmarusu is vaishnava and he is shaiva.It is believed that he later converted to Vaishnavism.

Some scholars dispute whether that he was a contemporary of Krishnadeva Raya. Tenali Ramakrishna's most famous work, ''Panduranga Mahatyamu'', is dedicated to god Panduranga (विठोबा in Marathi), a form of Vishnu, whose main temple stands at Pandharpur in Maharashtra. He was known for his wit. He died due to a snake-bite.

His story was made into a cartoon called "The Adventures of Tenali Raman" by the Cartoon Network (India) in 2001.

His works

Scholars treat his famous work ''Panduranga Mahatyamu'' as one among the Pancha Kavyas. He has dedicated ''Panduranga Mahatyam'' to Viruri Vedadri. This book is about the Pundarika Kshetram on the banks of river Bhaimi and its legend. He also composed ''Udbhataradhya Charitram'' on the story of Udbhata, a monk, as well as ''Ghatikachala Mahatyam'' about Ghatikachalam, a place of worship for God Narasimha near Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Style

He followed the Prabhanda style. He took the theme for ''Panduranga Mahatyam'' from the Skanda Purana and enhanced it with many stories about the devotees of God Vitthala (Panduranga).

He is noted for brilliance and wit and for mocking other poets and great personalities. He created a celebrated character called ''Nigama Sarma akka'' (sister of Nigama Sarma) and a story around her without giving her a name. He also had written many ''Chatuvu'' (extempore poems).

Titles

He was called a vikatakavi (Telugu: వికటకవి) (a phonetic palindrome) meaning clown-jester-poet.

Kumara Bharathi

References

External links

Tenali Ramakrishna

K.A. Nilakanta Sastry, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) ISBN 0-19-560686-8

Literary activity in Vijayanagara Empire

Tenali Ramakrishna's entry into Bhuvana Vijayam

Original Tenali Ramakrishna Kavi Stories translated from Halegannada

Stories of Tenali Rama in Indic and English Languages

Category:Guntur Category:Deaths due to snake bites Category:Telugu people Category:Vijayanagara Empire Category:Telugu poets Category:Jesters Category:16th-century Indian people

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