Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 444

A one-wheeled Chinese wheelbarrow, by Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145)

Year 444 (CDXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Aginatius (or, less frequently, year 1197 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 444 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events[link]

By place[link]

Roman Empire[link]

• Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), settles the Alans around Valence and Orléans to contain unrest in Brittany.
• Eudocia, eldest daughter of emperor Valentinian III, is betrothed to Huneric, son of the Vandal king Genseric (hostage in Italy).

Europe[link]

• Attila the Hun establishes his residence along the Tisza River (modern Hungary) and plans the coming campaign in the Balkans.
• A "pestilence" that is probably bubonic plague strikes the British Isles and makes the country vulnerable to internal revolts.

Ireland[link]

• The Irish city of Armagh is founded by Saint Patrick.

By topic[link]

Religion[link]

• Pope Leo I extinguishes the Gallican vicariate.
• Dioscorus I becomes Patriarch of Alexandria.

Technology[link]

• The wheelbarrow invented by a Chinese artisan will gain worldwide use as a labor-saving device.

Births[link]

• Xiao Ni, prince of Southern Qi (d. 492)

Deaths[link]

• Bricius, bishop of Tours
• Cyril of Alexandria, patriarch and theologian
• Juqu Wuhui, prince of Northern Liang

References[link]

Trey Parker
Parker at The Amazing Meeting, January 20, 2007
Born	Randolph Severn Parker III (1969-10-19) October 19, 1969 (age 42) Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, writer, director, producer, musician
Spouse	Emma Sugiyama (2005–2008)[1]

Trey Parker (born Randolph Severn Parker III; October 19, 1969) is an American actor, voice artist, animator, screenwriter, director, producer and musician, best known for being the co-creator of South Park along with his creative partner and best friend Matt Stone.

Parker started his film career in 1992, making a holiday short titled Jesus vs. Frosty. His first success came from Cannibal! The Musical. From there he made another short titled Jesus vs. Santa, which led him and college friend Stone to create South Park, which began airing on television in 1997. He has won four Emmy Awards for his role in South Park, winning for both "Outstanding Programming More Than One Hour" and "Outstanding Programming Less Than One Hour".

He co-wrote and co-directed the 2011 multi-Tony Award winning musical The Book of Mormon.

Early life[link]

Parker was born in Denver, Colorado, the son of Randy (a geologist) and Sharon (an insurance broker). The two share the first names and occupations of South Park characters Randy and Sharon Marsh.^[2] He has an older sister named Shelley, which is also the name of Stan Marsh's older sister. In the sixth grade, Parker wrote a sketch titled The Dentist and appeared in his school's talent show. He played the dentist and had a friend play the patient. The plot involved what can go wrong at the dentist; due to the amounts of fake blood involved, Parker's parents were called and were upset. "The kindergartners were all crying and freaking out," Parker recalled.^[3] As a teenager, Parker developed a love for musical theatre, and joined the Evergreen Players, a venerable mountain community theater outside of Denver. At 14, he performed his first role as chorus member in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Flower Drum Song and went on to also design sets for the community theater's production of Little Shop of Horrors. Parker attended high school at Evergreen High, where he continued his musical endeavors through starring as Danny Zuko in Grease. He also played piano for the chorus and was president of the choir counsel.^[4][5]

Parker worked hard in school and had a part-time student job in a pizza restaurant. Parker was also a "film geek and music buff".^[6] Parker grew up in the Conifer, Colorado area, and attended Berklee College of Music before transferring to the University of Colorado, where he majored in music and Japanese.^{[citation needed]}

Career[link]

In 1992, Parker and Stone created Jesus vs. Frosty.^[7] It included four boys, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick and Eric Cartman. Both Jesus vs. Frosty and Cannibal! The Musical were made while they were students at the University of Colorado film school, studying under both Stan Brakhage and Jerry Aronson. Afterwards, the two friends set off for Hollywood in hopes of making more movies. Brian Graden, then an executive at Fox, put Parker to work making a pilot for a musical children's television series called Time Warped. The pilot, called "Rom and Jul," was a love story about a Homo erectus and an Australopithecus. Fox passed on the series, but Graden paid Parker and Stone $1,200 to make a new version of The Spirit of Christmas he could send out as a video Christmas card.^[3]

They came up with two worthwhile ideas; one a sequel to Jesus vs. Frosty, titled Jesus vs. Santa, and one about a character that would later be recurring in South Park, Mr. Hankey.^[8] They chose to write about the four boys. The result was The Spirit of Christmas, an animated short film that centered on four crude-acting, blob-shaped third-grade boys forced to intervene in a nasty fistfight between Jesus Christ and Santa Claus. The tape was a smash, passed around and copied endlessly in media circles in Los Angeles and New York City.^[9] The video landed in the hands of Doug Herzog of Comedy Central. "It literally was the funniest thing I'd ever seen," he said in a 2006 interview. "We said, 'Develop a show.' So they went off and developed the show."^[3] Stone and Parker produced 13 episodes for season 1. South Park is currently still under contract to produce new episodes through 2016.^[10]

In 1997, they also released Orgazmo, a movie rated NC-17. In 1998, they starred in (but did not write or direct) BASEketball, another feature film, while being renewed for a second season of South Park. In 1999, Parker and Stone made South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, which gave the series a new level of prominence.^[11] He was nominated for an Academy Award as the co-writer of one of the film's songs, "Blame Canada," but did not win. In 2001, the duo announced they would do 39 shorts between the lengths of 2 and 5 minutes. Although originally thought to be South Park related, they decided they would do something different. The result was the shorts Princess.^[12] The content was so extreme that it was cancelled after two shows aired. In 2001, they also created That's My Bush!, another television series. Despite great reviews, the show was cancelled after one season for the cost per episode. In 2004, they made a film, titled Team America: World Police.^[13][14] The film was not considered a box-office success, grossing 51 million dollars in theaters, despite largely positive reviews (78% fresh rating on RottenTomatoes.com).^[15] As of 2011, South Park is in its fifteenth season.

Parker is also a member of the band DVDA with Stone, for which he plays keyboards and sings. DVDA's songs have appeared in many of the duo's productions. They include Orgazmo, BASEketball, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, and Team America: World Police.^{[16][17][18][19]}

Trey claimed to have been on acid with Matt Stone at the time of the 2000 Academy Awards, where they wore dresses popularized by Jennifer Lopez and Gwyneth Paltrow at previous awards shows.^[20]

On September 28, 2007, Parker and Stone acquired the rights to the Canadian-made Kenny vs. Spenny, which premiered November 14, 2007 on Comedy Central with ten old and new episodes.^[21]

In April 2010, Trey Parker and Matt Stone received a "warning" for allegedly representing the Prophet Muhammad in a bear costume: "We have to warn Matt and Trey [South Park creators] that what they are doing is stupid and they will probably wind up like Theo van Gogh for airing this show."^[22] It was revealed in the next episode that the person in the bear costume was really Santa Claus and not the Prophet Muhammad.

Theater productions[link]

Parker and Stone have collaborated with Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez on a musical about Mormons; it is titled The Book of Mormon, and stars Andrew Rannells and Josh Gad.^[23] It has been produced by Scott Rudin and Anne Garefino. It opened at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on March 24, 2011, following previews from February 24, 2011.^[24] The Book of Mormon won nine Tony Awards in 2011, including that of Best Direction of a Musical for Parker and co-director Casey Nicholaw.

[edit] Voices on South Park

Personal life[link]

In 2006, Parker married Emma Sugiyama. The officiant was 1970s sitcom producer Norman Lear.^[1][25] That marriage ended, and Parker is now living with a woman and her son.^[25][26]

On a September 2006 airing of the ABC news program Nightline, Parker articulated his position on religion. He stated that he believes there is knowledge that humanity may not yet possess, and cautioned that it would take a long time to explain exactly what he meant by his belief in God. Parker believes all religions are silly. He states that "All the religions are superfunny to me......The story of Jesus makes no sense to me. God sent his only son. Why could God only have one son and why would he have to die? It's just bad writing, really. And it's really terrible in about the second act."^[27] Parker further remarked, "Basically ... out of all the ridiculous religion stories which are greatly, wonderfully ridiculous — the silliest one I've ever heard is, 'Yeah ... there's this big giant universe and it's expanding, it's all gonna collapse on itself and we're all just here just 'cause ... just 'cause'. That, to me, is the most ridiculous explanation ever."^[28]

Discography[link]

• Baseketball (soundtrack) (1998)
• Orgazmo (soundtrack) (1998)
• Chef Aid: The South Park Album (1998)
• South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (soundtrack) (1999)
• Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics (1999)
• Team America: World Police (soundtrack) (2005)

Filmography[link]

Awards and Nominations[link]

This section requires expansion.

Tony Awards[link]

Trey Parker has won four Tony Awards.^[29]

• 2011 – Best Musical for The Book of Mormon
• 2011 – Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for The Book of Mormon
• 2011 – Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical for The Book of Mormon
• 2011 – Tony Award for Best Original Score for The Book of Mormon

Emmy Awards[link]

Parker has been nominated for ten Emmy Awards for South Park, winning four.

• 2009 – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) for "Margaritaville"
• 2008 – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or More) for "Imaginationland"
• 2007 – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) for "Make Love, Not Warcraft"
• 2005 – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour) for "Best Friends Forever"

Grammy Awards[link]

Parker has won one Grammy Award.

• 2011 - Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album for "The Book of Mormon: Original Cast Recording"^[30]

Academy Awards[link]

Parker has been nominated for one Academy Award.

• 1999 - Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Blame Canada" from "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut"^[31]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Trey Parker at the Internet Movie Database

Matt Stone
Stone at The Amazing Meeting in 2007
Born	Matthew Richard Stone (1971-05-26) May 26, 1971 (age 41) Houston, Texas, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, writer, television director, television producer
Years active	1992–present
Religion	None (Atheist)[1][2]

Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, animator, screenwriter, producer, musician, best known for being the co-creator of South Park along with his creative partner and best friend, Trey Parker.

Stone and Parker launched their largely collaborative careers in 1992, making a holiday short titled Jesus vs. Frosty. Their first success came from Alferd Packer: The Musical, subsequently distributed as Cannibal! The Musical. From there he made another short title Jesus vs. Santa, leading him and college friend Parker to create South Park, which has been airing for over fifteen years. He has four Emmy Awards for his role in South Park, winning for both "Outstanding Programming More Than One Hour" and "Outstanding Programming Less Than One Hour".

Early life[link]

Stone was born in Houston, Texas to Gerald Whitney Stone, Jr. (1941-2010), an economics professor and textbook author, and Sheila Lois Belasco (who share the first names of South Park character Kyle Broflovski's parents). Stone's mother is Jewish and his father was of Irish descent.^[3] Stone and his younger sister, Rachel were raised in Littleton, Colorado, a suburb of Denver, Colorado, where both attended Heritage High School. He graduated from the University of Colorado at Boulder, and was their first student to double major in film and mathematics.^[4]

Career[link]

Stone (right) with Trey Parker, January 20, 2007

South Park[link]

In 1992, Stone and Parker created Jesus vs. Frosty.^[5] It included four boys, two resembling Stan Marsh and Kyle Broflovski, one called Kenny who looked like Cartman, and a fourth unnamed boy who looked like Kenny. Both Jesus and Cannibal! The Musical were made while they were students at the University of Colorado film school, studying under both Stan Brakhage and Jerry Aronson. After the duo released Cannibal! The Musical, they were asked to make another animated short.^[6][7] They came down to two ideas: one a sequel to Jesus vs. Frosty, and one about a character that would later be recurring in South Park, Mr. Hankey.^[8] They chose to write about the four boys, and their decision ultimately opened the door for them to present a show (South Park) to Comedy Central.^[9] Stone and Parker produced 13 episodes for season 1.^[10] In 1999, Stone and Parker made South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, which gave the series prominence.^[11] The film's music was nominated for an Academy Award, but lost to "You'll Be In My Heart" from Tarzan.^[12]

Other projects[link]

In 1997, they also released Orgazmo, a movie rated NC-17. In 1998, they starred in (but did not write or direct) BASEketball, another feature film, while being renewed for a second season of South Park. In 2001, the duo announced they would do 39 shorts between the lengths of 2 and 5 minutes.^[13] Although originally thought to be South Park-related, they decided they would do something different. The result was the shorts 'Princess'.^[14] The content was so extreme that it was cancelled after two shows aired.^[15] In 2001, they also created That's My Bush!, another television series. Despite great reviews, the show was cancelled after one season for its cost, reportedly $700,000 per episode.^[16]

In 2004, they made a film titled Team America: World Police^[17][18] which many critics reviewed positively.^[19] In August 2007, South Park was renewed for three more seasons, 13, 14 and 15, each of them containing 14 episodes.^[20]

Stone is also a member of the band DVDA with Parker, for which he plays bass and drums. DVDA's songs have appeared in many of the duo's productions, including Orgazmo, BASEketball, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, and Team America: World Police.^{[21][22][23][24]}

On September 28, 2007, Parker and Stone acquired the US rights to the Canadian-made Kenny vs. Spenny, which premiered November 14, 2007 on Comedy Central with ten old and new episodes.^[25]

Stone and Parker collaborated with Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez on a musical about Mormons titled The Book of Mormon, which stars Andrew Rannells, Josh Gad, Nikki M. James and Rory O'Malley. It opened at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on March 24, 2011, and is being produced by Scott Rudin and Anne Garefino. It is directed by Parker and Casey Nicholaw, and choreographed by Nicholaw.^[26]

In April 2010, Stone and Parker received a "warning" for allegedly representing the Muslim prophet Muhammad in a bear costume: "We have to warn Matt and Trey that what they are doing is stupid and they will probably wind up like Dutch director Theo van Gogh for airing this show."^[27] It was revealed in the next episode that the person in the bear costume was actually Santa Claus and not Muhammad; the "real" Muhammad was supposed to appear as well, but Comedy Central had him censored out against Stone and Parker's wishes.

Stone claimed that he and Parker were on acid at the time of the 72nd Academy Awards in 2000, where they wore dresses popularized by Jennifer Lopez and Gwyneth Paltrow at previous awards shows.^[28]

Personal life[link]

In 2008, Stone married Angela Howard. He has one son.^[29][30]

Regarding religion, Stone considers himself "ethnically Jewish", on account of his mother's descent, but grew up agnostic, and has no other adherence to the religion,^[3][30][31] identifying himself as an atheist.^[1][2]

Filmography[link]

[edit] Voices on South Park

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Matt Stone (category)

• Matt Stone and Trey Parker at the Official South Park Website
• Matt Stone at the Internet Movie Database
• Fresh Air Interview