Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
TIFR main campus, Mumbai
Established	June 1, 1945
Type	Deemed University
Director	Mustansir Barma
Location	Mumbai, India
Campus	Urban
Website	www.tifr.res.in
200px

The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research institution in India dedicated to basic research in mathematics and the sciences. It is a Deemed University and works under the umbrella of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India. It is located at Navy Nagar, Colaba, Mumbai. TIFR conducts research primarily in natural sciences, mathematics, biological sciences and theoretical computer science and is considered one of the outstanding research centres in India.^[1] TIFR has a graduate program leading to a PhD in all the major fields of study.

History[link]

In 1944, Homi J. Bhabha, known for his role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program, wrote to Sir Dorabji Tata Trust requesting financial assistance to set up a scientific research institute.^[2] With support from J. R. D. Tata, then chairman of the Tata Group, TIFR was founded on 1 June 1945, and Homi Bhabha was appointed its first director.^[3] The institute started function within the campus of the Indian Institute of Science, Banglore, and moved to Mumbai (then Bombay) later that year. TIFR's new campus in Colaba was designed by Chicago-based architect Helmuth Bartsch and was inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 15 January 1962.^[4]

Shortly after independence, in 1949, the Indian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) designated TIFR to be the centre for all large-scale projects in nuclear research.^[5] The first theoretical physics group was set up by Bhabha's students B. M. Udgaonkar and K. S. Singhvi.^[6] In December 1950, Bhabha organized an international conference at TIFR on Elementary Particle Physics. Several world-renowned scientists attended the conference, including Rudolf Peierls, Léon Rosenfeld, William Fowler and Meghnad Saha, Vikram Sarabhai and others from India.^[6] In the 1950s, TIFR gained prominence in the field of Cosmic ray physics, with the setting up of research facilities in Ooty and in the Kolar gold mines.

In 1957, India's first digital computer, TIFRAC was built in TIFR.^[2] Acting on the suggestions of British physiologist Archibald Hill, Bhabha invited Obaid Siddiqi to set up a research group in molecular biology. This ultimately resulted in the establishment of the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore twenty years later. In 1970, TIFR started research in radio astronomy with the setting up of the Ooty Radio Telescope. Encouraged by the success of ORT, Govind Swarup persuaded J. R. D. Tata to help set up the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope near Pune, India^[6]

TIFR attained the official deemed university status in June 2002.^[7] To meet the ever growing demand of space needed for research labs and accommodation institute is coming up with a new campus at Hyderabad.^[8]

Research[link]

Research at TIFR is distributed across three schools, working over the mathematical sciences, natural sciences, technology and computer science.

School of Mathematics[link]

Since its birth in the 1950s, several brilliant contributions to mathematics have come from TIFR School of Mathematics. Notable contributions from TIFR mathematicians include Raghavan Narasimhan's proof of the imbedding of open Riemann surfaces in Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \mathbb{C}^3 , C. S. Seshadri's work on projective modules over polynomial rings and M. S. Narasimhan's results in the theory of pseudo differential operators.^[6]

Narasimhan and Seshadri wrote a seminal paper on Stable vector bundles, work which has been recognized as one of the most influential articles in the area.^[6] M. S. Raghunathan started research at TIFR on algebraic and discrete groups, and was recognized for his work on rigidity.

School of Natural Sciences[link]

The School of Natural Sciences is further split into seven departments working in several areas of physics, chemistry and biology.

Within physics, the Department of Theoretical Physics was set up by Bhabha, who conducted research in high energy physics. The department worked on the major advances in this period such as gauge theories, string theory, renormalization and superconductivity.^[1] The Department of Astrophysics works in areas like stellar binaries, gravitational waves and cosmology. TIFR is involved in building India's first gravity wave detector.^[9] The High Energy Physics Department, TIFR has been involved in major accelerator projects like the Tevatron, LEP and the LHC. TIFR also runs the Pelletron particle accelerator facility.^[10] Bhabha's motivation resulted in the development of an NMR spectrometer for solid state studies. The Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences also conducts experimental research in high-temperature superconductivity and nanophotonics.^[11]

School of Technology and Computer Science[link]

The School of Technology and Computer Science was set up under S. Ramani. The school is responsible for building India's first digital computers, the TIFRAC, CDC-3600 and CYBER.^[2]

Department of Biological Sciences[link]

The Department Of Biological Sciences was set up by Obaid Siddiqui in early 1960s as a molecular biology group.^{[citation needed]} Over the years has expanded to encompass various other branches of modern biology.

Research facilities[link]

TIFR has a Linear particle accelerator and a Pelletron capable of accelerating particles to moderate energies for studying heavy ion atomic interactions and a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility to study complex molecules housed in campus in addition to several other facilities. The Institute's Dental Section has been actively involved in investigations pertaining to carcinogenic effects of tobacco. In addition to in campus facilities the institute has several field stations and research facilities in different parts of the country. A Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope, the largest of its kind in the world, is operational at Khodad near Narayangaon, north of Pune and a large equatorially mounted cylindrical radio telescope and a high energy cosmic ray laboratory are operational at Udhagamandalam in Tamil Nadu. High Energy Cosmic ray and Gamma Ray laboratories are operated from Pachamarhi in Madhya Pradesh. TIFR runs a National Balloon Facility in Hyderabad which is among the best in the world and has the geographical advantage of being close to the geomagnetic equator. At Gauribidanur, TIFR scientists have built an extremely sensitive balance to study the difference between gravitational and inertial mass.

In addition to the research laboratories, the facilities of TIFR include:

• A library with more than one hundred thousand books and journals in its collection. The library is fully computerized and provides microfilm, microfiche, audio - video and compact disk reading facilities.
• A central computing facility together with individually assigned personal computers and workstations for computation, control and monitoring of experiments and data analysis.
• A network connected to the world grid through high speed communication networks.
• A liquid helium facility for very low temperature experimental studies.
• A large workshop and glass blowing section for manufacturing high precision instruments. Pioneering work done in the Institute in several areas has resulted in the establishment of new National organizations such as the Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER) and the National Centre for Software Technology (NCST). In addition, several projects for which technology was developed at the Institute, were transferred to the industry and other departments of the Government of India.

Noted alumni[link]

• Homi J. Bhabha, nuclear physicist, regarded as the Father of Indian Atomic Energy Program
• Yash Pal, science educator
• M. G. K. Menon, cosmic ray physicist
• M. S. Raghunathan, FRS, mathematician
• Jayant Narlikar, astronomer
• E.C.G. Sudarshan, theoretical physicist

Affiliated research institutes[link]

TIFR also includes institutes outside its main campus in Colaba and Mumbai:

• Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education at Deonar, Mumbai
• National Centre for Radio Astrophysics at Pune
• National Centre for Biological Sciences at Bangalore
• TIFR Centre, Bangalore for Mathematics
• International Centre for Theoretical Sciences at Bangalore
• National Balloon Facility at Hyderabad
• TIFR Hyderabad (proposed center commencing in 2011)

Visiting Students Research Programme[link]

The Visiting Students Research Programme (VSRP) is a summer programme conducted annually during the summer season by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. VSRP is offered in the subjects Physics and Astronomy, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology and Computer Science. ^[12]

See also[link]

• TIFRAC, the first computer built indigenously in India

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project "NPIHP has a set of primary source documents concerning the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research"

Coordinates: 18°54′27″N 72°48′22″E / 18.90757°N 72.80601°E / 18.90757; 72.80601 (TIFR)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010)

Pure research, basic research, or fundamental research is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. It is not intended to yield immediate commercial benefits; pure research can be thought of as arising out of curiosity. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. Pure research is mainly carried out by universities.^{[citation needed]}

Overview[link]

Pure research advances fundamental knowledge about the human world. It focuses on refuting or supporting theories that explain how this world operates, what makes things happen, why social relations are a certain way, and why society changes. Pure research is the source of most new scientific ideas and ways of thinking about the world. It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; however, explanatory research is the most common.^{[examples needed]}

Pure research generates new ideas, principles and theories, which may not be immediately utilized; though are the foundations of modern progress and development in different fields. Today's computers could not exist without the pure research in mathematics conducted over a century ago, for which there was no known practical application at that time. Pure research rarely helps practitioners directly with their everyday concerns. Nevertheless, it stimulates new ways of thinking about deviance that have the potential to revolutionize and dramatically improve how practitioners deal with a problem.

A new idea or fundamental knowledge is not generated only by pure research, but pure research can build new knowledge. In any case, pure research is essential for nourishing the expansion of knowledge. Researchers at the center of the scientific community conduct most of what is pure research.

USA[link]

This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (June 2011)

In the USA, the National Science Foundation was created after WW2 to sponsor pure research. Its creation was delayed by political opposition and other federal agencies with specific missions were specifically empowered to sponsor pure research too. In 1956, the pure research budgets included:^[1]

• Atomic Energy Commission — $45M
• Department of Defense — $72M
• National Institute of Health — $26M

External links[link]

• Basic Research Examples from US National Agencies

See also[link]

• Blue skies research
• Fundamental science
• Preclinical imaging
• Pure mathematics

References[link]

Sunil Mukhi
File:Sunilmukhi.jpg
Born	20 November 1956 Mumbai, India
Residence	India
Nationality	Indian
Fields	Physics
Institutions	International Centre for Theoretical Physics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Alma mater	St Xavier's College Mumbai State University of New York at Stony Brook
Doctoral advisor	George Sterman
Doctoral students	Keshav Dasgupta, Bahniman Ghosh, Nemani Suryanarayana, Anindya Mukherjee, Rahul Nigam
Known for	String Theory
Notable awards	S.S. Bhatnagar Award 1999 J.C. Bose Fellowship, 2008.

Sunil Mukhi is an Indian theoretical physicist working in the areas of string theory, quantum field theory and particle physics.

Career[link]

He earned a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics in 1981 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. After spending two years at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste, Italy, he returned to India where he has worked at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, India since 1984.

Research[link]

His major publications deal with fundamental properties of string theories, and include the conformal invariance of supersymmetric two-dimensional field theories which describe the world-sheet dynamics of strings [1], the study of supersymmetric solitons using index theorems [2], the discovery of a new duality between string theory and M-theory [3], the identification of string networks as supersymmetric states [4] and the discovery of a novel Higgs mechanism in the worldvolume theory of M-theory membranes [5].

Other activities[link]

In 2002, he played a role [6] in exposing a series of instances of plagiarism by the Vice-Chancellor of Kumaon University in India. The Vice-Chancellor was eventually found guilty by a national committee [7] and subsequently resigned.

Mukhi has a number of interests in addition to physics, notably Indian Classical Music on which he maintains a webpage, science popularisation which he carries out through seminars at schools and colleges as well as newspaper articles, and cinema, cooking and meditation. Within the field of Indian Classical Music he has spent considerable effort archiving classic recordings, particularly those of notable vocal artist Pandit Kumar Gandharva on whom he also maintains a webpage. He has recently started a blog, named "Tantu-jaal"[8]

Honors[link]

Mukhi is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy and a recipient of the S.S. Bhatnagar Award for Physical Sciences, 1999 and the J.C. Bose Fellowship, 2008. He has been an Editor of the Journal of High Energy Physics since its inception.

Mukhi was an invited speaker at the international conferences Strings 2000 in Michigan, Strings 2002 in Cambridge and Strings 2008 in Geneva. He was one of the organisers of Strings 2001 in Mumbai - a conference that attracted much publicity because of the participation of David Gross, Stephen Hawking and Edward Witten among other luminaries in the field. He has also lectured at advanced schools in theoretical physics, notably at Cargèse and Les Houches in France, at the SERC school series in India, and at the first PITP School at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton during his sabbatical year there.

External links[link]

• Sunil Mukhi's Home Page
• Sunil Mukhi's scientific publications

Yash Pal
Yash Pal at Science City, Kolkata
Born	(1926-11-26) 26 November 1926 (age 85)
Citizenship	India
Fields	Animal physiology, physics
Institutions	India
Alma mater	Panjab University, Chandigarh Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known for	Television anchor
Notable awards	Padma Bhushan, Marconi International Fellowship Award , Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award, Kalinga Award

Yash Pal (born 26 November 1926) is an Indian scientist and educator. He was raised in Pai, Kaithal, Haryana (India), graduated with a degree in physics from Panjab University, Chandigarh in 1949 and gained a PhD degree in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1958.^[1]

Yash Pal has held many positions within the educational establishment of the Indian government,^[1] is known for regular appearances on the science programme Turning Point telecast on Doordarshan and for explaining scientific concepts in layman's language^[2] along with participation on advisory boards for televised science programmes such as Bharat ki chaap.^[1]

In 1976 the Indian government awarded Pal the Padma Bhushan for his contribution to science and space technology.^[1] Pal was made a Marconi Fellow in 1980 for his work at the Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad^[3]. In October 2011 he was also awarded the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for excellence in public administration, academics and management.^[4]

He was the Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi from March 2007 to March 2012. He also has a column in Indian English Daily 'The Tribune' in which he answers question asked by readers.

References[link]

This article about an Indian scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (May 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. No reason has been cited for the Wikify tag on this article.You can insert a reason using the |reason= parameter, like this: {{Wikify|reason=Your reason here}} Please replace HTML markup with wiki markup where appropriate. Add wikilinks. Where appropriate, make links to other articles by putting "[[" and "]]" on either side of relevant words (see WP:LINK for more information) and check that your links work as expected. Please do not link terms that most readers are familiar with, such as common occupations, well-known geographical terms, and everyday items. Format the lead. Create or improve the lead paragraph. Arrange section headers as described at Wikipedia:Guide to layout. Add an infobox if it is appropriate for the article. Clean up / format the references and footnotes, using citation templates when appropriate. Remove this tag.

This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. Please help improve this article by adding links that are relevant to the context within the existing text. (May 2012)

Obaid Siddiqi, National Research Professor at TIFR National Center for Biological Sciences, works on the genetics and neurobiology of Drosophila. He was born in 1932 in Uttar Pradesh and educated at Aligarh Muslim University and the University of Glasgow. He did post doctoral research at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the University of Pennsylvania, and the MRC Laboratory in Cambridge. At the invitation of Homi Bhabha, he set up the Molecular Biology Unit at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay in 1962. Thirty years later, he became the founding director of the TIFR National Center for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, where he continues to do research.

Obaid Siddiqi’s early work was in plant embryology at Aligarh and wheat genetics at the Indian Agricultural Institute in Delhi. At Glasgow University he did research for his Ph. D. with Guido Pontecorvo on microbial genetics. He mapped the fine genetic structure of the paba gene and discovered polarized negative interference in crossing-over. Later he showed that recombinant bacteria inherit labeled DNA of biparental origin. Siddiqi and his colleagues demonstrated that recombinant molecules can arise from conserved unreplicated DNA. In 1961, Siddiqi and Garen discovered suppressor of nonsense mutations in the gene for alkaline phosphatase. This work led to the elucidation of the stop codons in the genetic code and the mechanism of chain termination during protein synthesis.

In the early nineteen seventies, Siddiqi began to study the genetic neurobiology of drosophila. He and Seymour Benzer discovered a set of temperature sensitive paralytic mutants that exhibit defects in the electrical activity of nerves and muscles. This discover led to a deeper understanding of the ionic mechanism involves in nerve conduction and synaptic transmission.

In the nineteen eighties, Siddiqi and his students Veronica Rodrigues, Kavita Arora, and R. N. Singh did pioneering work on the neurogenetics of taste and smell in Drosophila. They identified and variety of genes that control chemosensory behavior. Some of these genes control sensory transduction, others regulation the formation of the neural network in the fly’s brain. Siddiqi’s work has opened up the prospects of an integrated behavior-genetic and neurobiological approach to the study of sensory perception, learning and memory; it has led to an improved understanding of how olfactory information is encoded in the brain of the fly.

Obaid Siddiqi’s contributions have been widely recognized. He has been elected to the principal National Academies in India, and is a former president of the Indian Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Royal Society, London, the US National Academy of Sciences, Washington, and the Third World Academy, Trieste. Siddiqi has held visiting professorships at Yale University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The California Institute of Technology and Cambridge University. He was twice Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at Caltech and is a life member of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University, Jamia Hamdard, Kalyani University, IIT Bombay, Jamia Milia, and Central University of Hyrderabad have conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. Sc. He has received many prizes and awards, including the civilian honors Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan.

Career Summary:

• National Research Professor,NCBS-TIFR, Bangalore (current)
• Founder Director, TIFR National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore
• Chancellor, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 2005–2009
• President National Academy of Sciences (NAS), India : 1986-88
• Vice-President NAS: 1983-85
• Council Member NAS : 1974-91
• Member, National Academy of Sciences (NAS), India, 1968
• Member, National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2003
• Senior Associate, Fellow, Royal Society of London,
• Director: TIFR, National Centre for Biol. Sc., Bangalore, 1993;
• Sherman Fairchild, Distinguished Scholar 81-82, 86;
• Gosney Fellow 72-73,
• Visiting Professor Cambridge Inst. of Tech., USA: 1968, 1970–71;
• Visiting Associate Yale Univ., Dept. of Biophysics in 1966;
• Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore:
• Hon. Prof. National Inst. of Advanced Studies, Bangalore:
• INSA, TWAS, Maharashtra Academy of Science.
• Pennsylvania Univ., USA: Post doctoral Fellow 61-62;
• Lallor Foundation Fellow, Cold Spring Harbor Lab., USA, 1961
• Res. Scholar, IARI, Delhi: 1957-58
• Lecturer, AMU Aligarh, 1954–57

Awards[link]

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan International Award for Life Sciences 2009
• Padma Vibhushan, 2006
• B.C. Roy Award, 2004
• Sir Syed Life Time Achievement Award, AMUAA New York, 2004
• Pride of India Award, AFMI, USA, 2004
• INSA Aryabhata Medal 1992;
• Goyal Prize 1991;
• Birla Smarak Kosh National Award 1989;
• Padma Bhushan 1984;
• Bhatnagar Award 1976;
• Honorary D.Sc. from AMU Aligarh., BHU Banaras & Jamia Hamdard Delhi.

Selected publications[link]

• Siddiqi, O. (1961) Polarized replication as a possible condition for recombination. Heredity 16: 328.
• Siddiqi, O. (1962) The fine structure of the paba-1 region in Aspergillus nidulans. Genet. Res. Camb. 3: 69.
• Siddiqi, O. and A. Putrament (1963). Polarized negative interference in the paba-1 region of Aspergillus Nidulans. Genet. Res. Camb. 4: 12.
• Garen, A. and Siddiqi, O. (1963). Suppression of mutations in the alkaline phosphatase cistron of E. coli. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. Wash. 48: 1121.
• Siddiqi, O. (1963). Incorporation of parental DNA into genetic recombinants of E. coli. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Wash. 49: 589.
• Siddiqi, O., B.N. Apte and M. Pitale (1966). Genetic regulation of Aryl sulphatase in Aspergillus nidulans. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 31: 381.
• Joshi, G.P. and Siddiqi, O. (1967). Enzyme synthesis following conjugation and recombination in E. Coli. J. Mol. Biol. 32: 201.
• Siddiqi, O. and M.S. Fox (1973). The integration of donor DNA in bacterial conjugation. J. Mol. Biol. 77: 101.
• Sarathy. P.V. and Siddiqi, O. (1973). DNA synthesis during bacterial conjugation. I. Effect of mating on DNA replication in E. coli Hfr. J. Mol. Biol. 78: 247.
• Sarathy. P.V. and Siddiqi, O. (1973). DNA synthesis during bacterial conjugation. II. Is DNA replication in Hfr obligatory for chromosome transfer? J. Mol. Biol. 78: 443.
• Sarathy. P.V. and Siddiqi, O. (1973). The effect of chromosome transfer on gene expression in E. coli Hfr. Mol. Gen. Genetics 125: 133.
• Apte, B.N., P.N. Bhavsar and Siddiqi, O. (1974). The regulation of aryl sulphatase in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Mol. Biol. 86: 637.
• Siddiqi, O. (1974). Genetic blocks in the elements of neural network in Drosophila. Symposium on regulation of growth and differentiatied function in eukaryotic cell. Ed., G.P. Talwar, Raven Press, New York.
• Siddiqi, O. and S. Benzer (1976). Neurophysiological defects in temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U S A. 73: 3253.
• Rodrigues, V. and Siddiqi, O. (1978). Genetic analysis of the chemosensory pathway. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B 87: 147-160.
• Rodrigues, V. and Siddiqi, O. (1980). Genetic analysis of a complex chemoreceptor. Development and Neurobiology of Drosophila. Siddiqi, Hall, and Hall, eds. Plenum Press, New York.
• Singh, S. and Siddiqi, O. (1981). Torpid: a new sex-linked paralytic mutation in Drosophila Melanogaster. Mol. Gen. Genetics 181(3): 400.
• Stocker, R.F., R.N. Singh, M. Schorderet and Siddiqi, O. (1983). Projection patterns of different types of antennal sensilla in the glomeruli of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Tissue Res. 232:237-248.
• Siddiqi, O. (1983) Olfactory Neurogenetics of Drosophila. Symposium on Neurogenetics. XV International Congress of Genetics. Genetics: New Frontiers. Oxford, Delhi. Vol. III 243-261.
• Arora K, Rodrigues V, Joshi S, Shanbhag S, Siddiqi O. (1987). A gene affecting the specificity of chemosensory neurons of Drosophila. Nature. 330: 62-63.
• Siddiqi, O. (1988) Genetic Variation in Drosophila chemoreception. Genetics and Immunology of Chemical Communication. Monell Research Center, Philadelphia.
• Ayyub, C., Paranjape, J., Rodrigues, V. & Siddiqi, O. (1990). Genetics of olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurogenet. 6: 243-262.
• Siddiqi, O.(1990) Olfaction in Drosophila. Chemical senses Vol. 3 Eds. Wyzocki et al. Marcel Dekker, NY, 79-96.
• Jayaram, V.C. and Siddiqi, O. (1997). gustJ a salt insensitive mutant of Drosophila. J. of Genetics, 76: 133-145.
• Bala, A.D.S., Panchal,P. and Siddiqi, O. (1998). Osmotaropotaxis in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster. Current science, 75: 48-51.
• Mistry, Y., R. Mistry, and O. Siddiqi, O. (2000). Evidence of age-related changes in the antennal glomeruli of Drosophila melanogaster using monoclonal antibodies. Arthropod Structure and Development. Vol.29(2)101-110.
• Khurana S, Abu Baker MB, Siddiqi O. (2009). Odour avoidance learning in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biosci. 34: 621-631.
• Chakraborty TS, Goswami S.P, Siddiqi O. (2009). Sensory correlates of imaginal conditioning in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurogenet. 23: 210-219.
• Iyengar A, Chakraborty TS, Goswami SP, Wu CF, Siddiqi O.(2010) Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory neuron coding in Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U S A. 107(21):9855-60.

References[link]