Virama (Sanskrit: विराम, virāma ^?) is a generic term for the diacritic in many Brahmic scripts, including Devanagari and East Nagari, that is used to suppress the inherent vowel that otherwise occurs with every consonant letter. The name is Sanskrit for "cessation, termination, end". As a Sanskrit word, it is used in place of several language-specific terms, such as halant (Hindi: हलन्त, halant ^?), hôshonto (Bengali: হসন্ত, hoshonto ^?), pulli (Tamil: புள்ளி, puḷḷi ^?), chandrakkala (Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രക്കല, candrakkala ^?), halant (Kannada: ಹಲಂತ, halanta ^?), halanta (Oriya: ହଳନ୍ତ, haḷanta ^?), a that (Burmese: အသတ်, a.sat IPA: [ʔa̰θaʔ], lit. "sound killer") and phinthu (Thai: –ฺ พินทุ).

In Devanagari and many other Indic scripts, a virama is used to cancel—or “kill”—the inherent vowel of a consonant letter and represent a consonant without a vowel, so-called a “dead” consonant. For example, in Devanagari,

If this k क् is further followed by another consonant letter, for example, ṣa ष, the result might look like क्‌ष, which represents kṣa as ka + (visible) virama + ṣa. In this case, two elements k क् and ṣa ष are simply placed one by one, side by side. Alternatively, kṣa can be also written as a ligature क्ष, which is actually the preferred form.

Du Bo (杜伯) was the Duke of Tangdu (唐杜公) in the reign of Zhou Xuan Wang (827 – 781 BCE).

According to legend, the Tangdu were descendents of the people who lived in the State of Tang, a Dukedom situated to the west of the State of Yi in Shaanxi province. This Dukedom was annihilated by Zhou Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou), but his nephew Zhou Cheng Wang allowed the Tang to form a new State of Du, and became known as Tangdu or Du Shi (杜氏).

he was a ghost

Diblo Dibala, often known simply as Diblo, is a Congolese soukous musician, known as "Machine Gun" for his speed and skill on the guitar. He was born in 1954 in Kisangani. He moved to Kinshasa as a child, and aged 15 won a talent competition which led to him playing guitar in Franco's TPOK band. Dibala remained with the group for only a short period, going on to play with Vox Africa, Orchestra Bella Mambo and Bella Bella, in which band he first played with Kanda Bongo Man.

In 1979, he moved to Brussels, and in 1981 he joined Kanda Bongo Man's band in Paris. Their first album, Iyole (1981), was a success. Diblo became a sought after session guitarist, working with Pepe Kalle and many other soukous musicians.

In the mid 1980s, he formed his own band, Loketo (meaning 'hips'), with singer Aurlus Mabele. A few years later, that band broke up, and in 1990 he formed a new group, Matchatcha, which is still active after a number of personnel changes.