Niklaus E. Wirth
Born	(1934-02-15) February 15, 1934 (age 78) Winterthur, Switzerland
Citizenship	Switzerland
Fields	Computer Science
Institutions	ETH Zurich, Stanford University, University of Zurich Xerox PARC
Alma mater	ETH Zurich, Université Laval, University of California, Berkeley
Known for	Algol W, Euler, Pascal, Modula, Modula-2, Oberon, Oberon-2, Oberon-07, Oberon System
Notable awards	Turing Award, SIGPLAN Programming Languages Achievement Award, Fellow of the Computer History Museum

Niklaus Emil Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984 he won the Turing Award for developing a sequence of innovative computer languages.

Biography[link]

Wirth was born in Winterthur, Switzerland, in 1934. In 1959 he earned a degree in Electronics Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich). In 1960 he earned an M.Sc. from Université Laval, Canada. Then in 1963 he was awarded a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) from the University of California, Berkeley, supervised by the computer designer pioneer Harry Huskey.

From 1963 to 1967 he served as assistant professor of Computer Science at Stanford University and again at the University of Zurich. Then in 1968 he became Professor of Informatics at ETH Zürich, taking two one-year sabbaticals at Xerox PARC in California (1976–1977 and 1984–1985). Wirth retired in 1999.

Programming languages[link]

Niklaus Wirth, 1969

Wirth was the chief designer of the programming languages Euler, Algol W, Pascal, Modula, Modula-2, Oberon, Oberon-2, and Oberon-07. He was also a major part of the design and implementation team for the Lilith and Oberon operating systems, and for the Lola digital hardware design and simulation system. He received the ACM Turing Award for the development of these languages and in 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the ACM. He designed the simple programming language PL/0 to illustrate compiler design. It has formed the basis for many university compiler design classes.

Notable publications[link]

His article Program Development by Stepwise Refinement, about the teaching of programming, is considered to be a classic text in software engineering. In 1975 he wrote the book "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs", which gained wide recognition and is still useful today.

Wirth's law[link]

In 1995, he popularized the adage now known as Wirth's law: "Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster." In his 1995 paper A Plea for Lean Software he attributes it to Martin Reiser.^[1]

Quotes[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Niklaus Wirth

"Whereas Europeans generally pronounce his name the right way ('Nick-louse Veert'), Americans invariably mangle it into 'Nickel's Worth.' This is to say that Europeans call him by name, but Americans call him by value." — Introduction by Adriaan van Wijngaarden at the IFIP Congress (1965).

"In our profession, precision and perfection are not a dispensable luxury, but a simple necessity."

—Niklaus Wirth, "A Few Words with Niklaus Wirth". Dr Carlo Pescio (June 1997)

"Reliable and transparent programs are usually not in the interest of the designer."

—Niklaus Wirth, "A Digital Contrarian Retires". Beat Gerber (June 1999)

See also[link]

• Extended Backus–Naur form
• Wirth syntax notation
• Bucky bits
• Wirth-Weber precedence relationship

References[link]

External links[link]

• Biography at ETH Zürich.
• Personal home page at ETH Zürich.
• Program Development by Stepwise Refinement, Communications of the ACM, 14(4):221–227, April 1971.
• Pascal and its Successors paper by Niklaus Wirth – also includes short biography.
• A Few Words with Niklaus Wirth
• The School of Niklaus Wirth: The Art of Simplicity, by László Böszörményi, Jürg Gutknecht, Gustav Pomberger (editors). dpunkt.verlag / Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2000. ISBN 3-932588-85-1 / ISBN 1-55860-723-4.
• The book about the Oberon language and Operating System is now available as a PDF file. Project Oberon - The Design of an Operating System and Compiler The PDF file has an additional appendix Ten Years After: From Objects to Components.
• The book Compiler Construction
• a lot more books in PDF format : http://fruttenboel.verhoeven272.nl/Oberon/index.html

Andrew Morgan (March 13, 1901, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana – September 19, 1972, New Orleans) was an American jazz clarinetist and saxophonist.

Morgan played clarinet with the Imperial Band in the mid-1920s and then joined his brother Isaiah Morgan's band in 1925. Sam Morgan led this ensemble for its recordings in 1927. He recorded in the late 1920s and 1930s with Kid Howard, Kid Rena, and Kid Thomas Valentine. He and Isaiah played together again in Biloxi, Mississippi in the 1940s, then Andrew moved back to New Orleans to play with Alphonse Picou, Kid Rena again, Herb Morand (1946-52), and Kid Clayton (from 1952). He played with the Young Tuxedo Brass Band from 1958 and led the group after 1964. He played with Percy Humphrey (1953), Sweet Emma Barrett (1960), Kid Howard again (1962), Alvin Alcorn (1964), Onward Brass Band (1965), Eureka Brass Band (1969), and Captain John Handy (1970). He recorded as a leader in 1969 for the album Down By the Riverside.

References[link]

• Russell/Kernfeld, "Andrew Morgan". Grove Jazz online.