These devices are predominantly seen on episodic series where every installment furthers the plot, but otherwise are used for plot arcs, that is, when an episode is going to pick up on a storyline initiated several episodes ago. A recap will almost always be present in an episode that picks up from a cliffhanger. Recap sequences are most prevalent in dramatic television series (though daytime serials are usually excluded) and reality programs, whereas situation comedies and other scripted genres typically use recap sequences only for two-part or in rare cases, multi-part episodes.

These montages are inserted as the first thing into an episode so that viewers who had not seen the previous episodes or who do not remember what happened can understand from where the current episode will begin, also so that the viewers may decide to catch up on missed episodes, usually buying the DVDs. They usually begin with a voiceover or subtitle proclaiming, "Previously on... [the show's name]" or "Last time on... [the show's name]". Many shows have begun to use a main character's voice for this voiceover rather than a neutral narrator (Chuck), and some series such as Boston Legal and Stargate Atlantis alternate which main character says "Previously on... [the show's name]".

On the Fox show 24, the main character, Jack Bauer's voiceover "Previously on 24..." is followed by scenes from prior episodes of the current season, not necessarily from the very last episode, that concern major plot points of the current episode. This was carried over into 24: The Game, where, once a player completes a mission, all cut scenes prior to that mission can be viewed in the manner of the TV show. The playable scene are not shown, as the player is given the opportunity to replay them to get a higher score.

On the NBC show ER, main cast members rotate turns saying the phrase "Previously on ER..." which is then followed by scenes from previous episodes which are pertinent to the current episode.

In some cases, the scene leading up to the previous episode's ending is shown instead of a montage. This was common on British television shows from the 1950s to 1990s, although now most adopt a recap montage. An example of this is Doctor Who, which during its original run (1963–1989) used the final scene of the previous episode to begin the next, whereas from the series relaunch (2005–present) the recaps are made up of a collection of short clips.

In the English dubs of various episodic anime series that suffer editing for time or censorship reasons, recaps are sometimes extended or introduced where they didn't exist originally, to cover any shortfalls in running time. Some examples where this occurs are Robotech, the FUNimation English dub of Dragon Ball Z, and the 4Kids English-language version of One Piece. The original Japanese version of One Piece did not always have recaps, though many episodes did have recaps as the first scene following the opening credits.

There is some debate as to whether these recaps should be considered as part of the episode whole. Some home video and DVD releases of shows that use recaps include them, some do not, and some seem to randomly use or omit them for different episodes within the same collection. A few also place the segment as a full chapter that can easily be skipped if the viewer is viewing the series in a marathon form.

References[link]

See also Jean-Louis Aubert (1731–1814) for the French dramatist, poet and journalist known as Abbé Aubert.

Jean-Louis Aubert (born 12 April 1955 in Nantua, Ain) is a French guitarist, singer and songwriter. He has also composed music for the cinema and for television, including the soundtrack for the film I've Loved You So Long, starring Kristin Scott Thomas (2007).

In 1976, he co-founded the rock band Téléphone. After their split, he recorded a single album (Platre et Ciment) with Téléphone's drummer Richard Kolinka as Aubert'n'Ko (1987), and in 1989 released his first solo album, Bleu Blanc Vert. Between his work with Téléphone and his successful solo career, Aubert is one of the most iconic singer/songwriters of his generation.

Solo discography[link]

Studio Albums[link]

• Plâtre et ciment! (1987, Virgin)
• Bleu blanc vert (1989, Virgin)
• H (1992, Virgin)
• Stockholm (1997, Virgin)
• Comme un accord (2001, Virgin)
• Idéal standard (2005, Virgin)
• Premières prises (2009, Virgin)
• Roc-éclair (2012, Virgin)

Live Albums[link]

• Une Page De Tournée / Deux Pages De Tournée (1994, Virgin)
• Concert Privé M6 (1998, Virgin)
• Idéal Tour (2006, Virgin)

Live DVD[link]

• Comme On A Fait (2003, Virgin)
• Idéal Tour (2006, Virgin)
• Un Tour Sur Moi-Même, Avec Vous (2008, Virgin)

Compilation[link]

• Comme On A Dit (2003, Virgin) 1986–2003

Box Set[link]

• Long Box (2002, 3 CDs, Virgin) 1986–2001

Filmography[link]

As composer[link]

• One for the road (French title Le dernier pour la route), 2009^[1]
• I've Loved You So Long (French title Il ya longtemps que je t'aime), 2007^[2]
• Pour faire un bon voyage, prenons le train (short), 1973^[3]

References[link]

1. ^ Official site of the film One for the road
2. ^ International Movie Database on the film I've Loved You So Long
3. ^ International Movie Database on Jean-Louis Aubert

External links[link]

• Official site (in French)
• Locataires – Fan site (in French)
• Biography of Jean-Louis Aubert, from Radio France Internationale (in English)
• Biography of Jean-Louis Aubert published in 2006 (in French)

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

Jean Louis (born Jean Louis Berthault, October 5, 1907, Paris, France – April 20, 1997, Palm Springs, California, USA) was a French-born, Hollywood costume designer and an Academy Award winner for Costume Design. Louis worked as head designer for Columbia Pictures from 1944 to 1960. His most famous works include Rita Hayworth's black satin strapless dress from Gilda (1946), Marlene Dietrich's celebrated beaded souffle stagewear for her cabaret world tours, as well as the sheer, sparkling gown Marilyn Monroe wore when she sang "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" to John F. Kennedy in 1962.

In 1993, four years after the death of his second wife, Louis married former client Loretta Young (married until his death in 1997).

Academy Award nominations[link]

• 1950 – Film: Born Yesterday
• 1952 – Film: Affair in Trinidad
• 1953 – Film: From Here to Eternity
• 1954 – Film: It Should Happen To You
• 1954 – Film: A Star Is Born
• 1955 – Film: Queen Bee
• 1956 – Film: The Solid Gold Cadillac; Won
• 1957 – Film: Pal Joey
• 1958 – Film: Bell, Book and Candle
• 1961 – Film: Judgment at Nuremberg
• 1961 – Film: Back Street
• 1965 – Film: Ship of Fools
• 1966 – Film: Gambit
• 1967 – Film: Thoroughly Modern Millie

Actresses designed for[link]

Gown designed by Jean Louis for Marlene Dietrich in The Monte Carlo Story (1957).

• Rita Hayworth in Tonight and Every Night, 1945, Gilda, 1946, Affair in Trinidad, 1952, Miss Sadie Thompson and Salome, 1953
• Irene Dunne in Together Again, 1944
• Claudette Colbert in Tomorrow is Forever 1946
• Judy Holliday in Born Yesterday, 1950 and The Solid Gold Cadillac, 1956
• Gloria Grahame in The Big Heat, 1953
• Deborah Kerr in From Here to Eternity, 1953
• Judy Garland in A Star is Born, 1954
• Joan Crawford in Queen Bee, 1955
• Betty Grable in Three for the Show, 1955
• Kim Novak in Picnic, 1955, and Bell, Book, and Candle, 1958
• Kim Novak and Rita Hayworth in Pal Joey, 1957
• Lana Turner in Imitation of Life, 1959
• Doris Day in Pillow Talk (1959) and Send Me No Flowers (1964)
• Loretta Young for The Loretta Young Show, Television series, 1953-1961
• Marlene Dietrich in The Monte Carlo Story, 1957, and Judgment at Nuremberg, 1961
• Susan Hayward in Back Street, 1961

Lana Turner in Imitation of Life.

• Marilyn Monroe in The Misfits, 1961, and Something's Got to Give (unfinished), 1962
• Shirley MacLaine in Gambit, 1966
• Julie Andrews, Mary Tyler Moore, and Carol Channing in Thoroughly Modern Millie, 1967
• Eva Gabor for Green Acres Television series, 1965-1967

References[link]

• Hollywood Costume Design/ David Chierchetti, author ISBN 0-517-52637-9
• In A Glamorous Fashion: The Fabulous Years Of Hollywood Costume Design/ W.Robert Lavine, author ISBN 0-684-16610-0

External links[link]

• Jean Louis at Internet Movie Data Base

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Louis François Marie Aubert (Paramé (Ille-et-Vilaine), 19 February 1877 – Paris, 9 January 1968) was a French composer.

Biography[link]

Louis Aubert was a child prodigy. His parents, recognizing their son's musical talent, sent him to Paris to receive an education at an early age. He became recognized for his voice, primarily for his renditions of the Pie Jesu from Gabriel Fauré's Requiem at the Église de la Madeleine. The young Aubert met Fauré at the Paris Conservatoire, and he regularly attended at his composition classes, which greatly influenced his development.

Aubert became an excellent pianist. In 1911 he premiered Maurice Ravel's Valses nobles et sentimentales, which were written for and dedicated to him. He also worked as a piano and composition teacher, both privately and on the faculty of the Conservatoire de Paris. He counts among his students Henry Barraud, Jean-Marie Beaudet, Jean Berger, and Georges Savaria.

He composed music for the church, several ballets, mélodies, and incidental music for the stage. Although Breton by birth at a time of intense Breton nationalism, he was little inspired by his home region. Aubert wrote popular songs, notably for Marie Dubas. He also was a contributing journalist to the magazines Chantecler, Paris-soir, Le journal and Opéra.

Aubert wrote one opera in three acts based on classic fairy tales by Charles Perrault to a libretto by J. Chenevière entitled La fôret bleu ("The Blue Forest"). The work was composed in 1904 to 1911 and individual acts were performed while the work was in progress. The first complete staged performance appeared in Geneva on 7 January 1913. The enchanting characters and delightful plot enabled the work to achieve popular success in other theaters, including Boston. The work did not appear in Paris until 1924, where it was staged at the Opéra-Comique (Salle Favart).

Aubert died in near-oblivion in Paris at age 90.

Publications[link]

• L'Orchestre, Paris, PUF, 1951.
• Notice sur la vie et les travaux de Gustave Charpentier, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1956.

Bibliography[link]

• Sadie, Stanley (Ed.) [1992] (1994). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, vol. 1, A-D, chpt: "Aubert, Louis(-François-Marie)" by Richard Langham Smith, New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0-935859-92-6.
• Louis Vuillemin, L. Aubert et son œuvre, Paris, Durand, 1921.
• R. Bernard, « L. Aubert » in La revue musicale, VIII, 1927.
• Article dans le mensuel La Bretagne à Paris, June 1956.
• Jankélévitch, Vladimir (1995), Ravel, Solfèges (nouv. ed.), Paris: Seuil, ISBN 2-02-023490-4, OCLC 33209653  LCC ML410.R23 J2 1995
• H. Corbes, « Louis Aubert compositeur malouin » in Bulletin de la société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Saint-Malo, 1981.

External links[link]

• Louis Aubert (1877-1968) (includes list of main works)
• Free scores by Louis Aubert at the International Music Score Library Project