The Warren Cup

Warren Cup, side A
Material	Silver
Size	height:11cm, width:9.9cm (max.), depth:11cm
Created	Roman, AD 5 – 15
Present location	Room 70, British Museum, London
Identification	GR 1999,0426.1

The Warren Cup is an ancient Roman silver drinking cup decorated in relief with two images of male same-sex acts. The cup is named after its first modern owner, the collector and writer Edward Perry Warren, and was acquired by the British Museum in 1999. It is usually dated to the time of the Julio-Claudian dynasty (1st century AD), but doubts have been raised about its authenticity.^[1]

Manufacture[link]

Professor in Fine Arts, Ph.D., Dr. John Clarke has approximated the dating of the cup with similarly styled objects found in Pompeii, due to the lack of archaeological context.^[2]. It was made in five sections: the main bowl, which was hammered thin from inside and subsequently finished off from the outside to produce the figures in relief; a separate plain inner liner bowl of thicker sheet silver with a solid rim, to make the cup easier to use and to clean; a base in solid silver; a cast foot soldered to the base' and two handles.^[3] The cup shows signs of having been used over an extensive period; the handles are missing, and the gilding that may have been applied to certain features has been lost. Otherwise it is in an excellent state of preservation.

Imagery[link]

Representations of sexual acts are widely found in Roman art, although in contrast to Greek art, male-female scenes greatly outnumber same-sex couples. Illustrated drinking cups, often in pairs, were intended as dinner-party conversation pieces.^[4]

One side of the Warren Cup depicts a mature bearded man (the active participant or in Greek terms the erastes) engaging in anal sex with a young man (the eromenos, "beloved"), who lowers himself onto the erastes using a rope or support from the ceiling in roughly the modern sexual position of reverse cowgirl. Meanwhile a boy, perhaps a slave, watches surreptitiously from behind a door — the inferior status of a slave in Roman eyes would make him suitable to this role of voyeur.^[5]

Warren Cup, side B

The other side depicts a younger adult male holding a boy for intercourse. The boy's hairstyle is typical of the puer delicatus, a slave-boy chosen for his good looks to serve as his master's favorite. The adult wears a wreath, perhaps indicating his role as "erotic conquerer." Roman same-sex practice differed from that of the Greeks, among whom pederasty was a socially acknowledged relationship between freeborn males of equal social status. Roman men, however, were free to engage in same-sex relations without a perceived loss of masculinity only as long as they took the penetrative role and their partner was a social inferior such as a slave or male prostitute: the paradigm of "correct" male sexuality was one of conquest and domination.^[6]

Both scenes show draped textiles in the background, as well as a kithara (a string instrument) in the former scene and an aulos (pipes) in the latter. These, along with the careful delineation of ages and status and the wreaths worn by the youths, all suggest a cultured, elite, Hellenized setting with music and entertainment.^[7]

Modern history[link]

Warren purchased the cup from a dealer in 1911 for £2,000.^[8] It was bought in Jerusalem and said to have been found near the city in Battir^[9] (ancient Bethther), with coins of the emperor Claudius, possibly buried during the upheavals of the Jewish Revolt.

We don't know for certain, but it's thought that the Warren Cup was found buried at Bittir, a town a few miles south-west of Jerusalem. How it got to this location is a mystery, but we can make a guess. We can date the making of the cup to around the year 10. About 50 years later, the Roman occupation of Jerusalem sparked tensions between the rulers and the Jewish community, and in AD 66 that exploded and the Jews took back the city by force. There were violent confrontations, and it is thought that our cup may have been buried at this date by the owner fleeing from the fighting.

— Neil MacGregor, British Museum Director , A History of the World in 100 Objects, Radio 4^[9]

View of the figure in the doorway

In the 1950s U.S. Customs refused the cup entry and a number of museums (including the British Museum) refused to buy it, thinking that they would never persuade the museum's trustees who were chaired by the Archbishop of Canterbury.^[10]

The cup was acquired by its present owner, the British Museum, in 1999 for £1.8 million (including Heritage Lottery Fund, National Art Collections Fund and The British Museum Friends contributions) to prevent its going abroad.^[11] This was, at that time, the most expensive single item ever acquired by The British Museum, and many times the price at which it had been offered to them in the 1950s.^[10]

It was the subject of a devoted exhibition in Room 3 at the Museum from 11 May to 2 July 2006, entitled "The Warren Cup: Sex and society in ancient Greece and Rome."^[10] Curator Dyfri Williams said of the exhibition:

"We wanted to show this fantastic object in a context in which we could ask how much we understand about attitudes to sexuality when it was made. These objects seem extraordinary to us now, but there were many objects in common use, and wall paintings and mosaics in baths and in private houses, showing very similar imagery."

From 1 December 2006 to 21 January 2007 it was exhibited at the Yorkshire Museum,^[12] and in 2010 in Nottingham

The Warren Cup is the 36th object in A History of the World in 100 Objects, a BBC Radio 4 series first broadcast in 2010.^[13]

Question of authenticity[link]

In 2008, M.T. Marabini Moevs argued in an article for Bollettino d’Arte that the Warren Cup is not in fact a Roman product of the early Imperial period, but rather was executed around 1900 by a gifted silversmith trained in the contemporary Liberty style, perhaps commissioned by the amateur archaeologist and dealer Fausto Benedetti (1874–1931), to meet what he knew to be the taste of his foreign client and friend Edward Perry Warren. Benedetti may have worked in collaboration with the Castellani brothers of Rome, who were leading goldsmiths in classical styles, and collectors and dealers in antiquities. M.T. Marabini Moevs, the author, claims that the images on the cup derive from fragments of several scenes on Greek and Roman ceramics, some in the Castellani collection, which were combined and modified to create the scenes on the Warren cup. The article also contains an appendix by silversmith Claudio Franchi corroborating the historical, iconographic and stylistic analysis.^[14]

See also[link]

• Homosexuality in ancient Rome
• Homosexuality in ancient Greece

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Clarke, John R (1998), Looking at Lovemaking: Constructions of Sexuality in Roman Art, 100 B.C.-A.D. 250, University of California Press, ISBN 9780585327136, http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=42156 
• Pollini, John (March 1999), "The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver", Art Bulletin 81.1: 21–52, ISSN 0004-3079, JSTOR 3051285, OCLC 483447412  (Full text)
• Sox, David (1991), Bachelors of Art: Edward Perry Warren and the Lewes House Brotherhood, Fourth Estate, cop, ISBN 9781872180113 
• Williams, Dyfri. 1999. "The Warren silver cup", British Museum Magazine: th-12, 35 (Autumn/Winter 1999), pp. 25–28
• Williams, Dyfri (2006), The Warren Cup, British Museum objects in focus, The British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714122601 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Warren Cup

• Warren Cup from the BBC's A History of the World in 100 Objects
• Dyfri Williams research keeper at British Museum

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John Norman Warren, MBE, OAM (17 May 1943 – 6 November 2004) was an Australian football (soccer) player, coach, administrator, writer and broadcaster. He was known as Captain Socceroo for his passionate work to promote the game in Australia.^[1] The award for the best player in the A-League is named the Johnny Warren Medal in his honour.^[2]

Early life[link]

Warren grew up in the suburb of Botany in Sydney and had two elder brothers, Geoff and Ross.^[3][4]

He attended Cleveland St. High School, Botany, later becoming the school vice-captain.^[5]

Playing career[link]

Club career[link]

After playing junior football for Botany Methodists and Earlwood Wanderers Warren joined Canterbury-Marrickville as a fifteen year old in 1959. Initially he played in the club's third grade team before being promoted to the first grade later in the year.^[3]

In 1963 Warren transferred to St. George-Budapest. In a 12 year stint at St. George Warren won three NSW State League grand finals, one premiership and two state cups. His final action as a player was to score a match-winning goal for St. George in the 1974 NSW State League Grand Final. Immediately after scoring the goal he substituted himself off.^[3]

International career[link]

Warren made his full international debut for Australia in November 1965 against Cambodia in Phnom Penh.^[6] He played 42 international matches, including Australia's first World Cup appearance in 1974.^[7]

In 1967 Warren captained the national team for the first time in a match against New Zealand in Saigon. He went on to captain Australia in 24 internationals.^[6]

Coaching career[link]

In 1974 Warren was a player-coach with St. George-Budapest.

As well as helping found Canberra City, he served as the team's first coach in 1977 and 1978.^[8]

After retirement[link]

Media[link]

Warren worked in television commentating football for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service television networks. It was at SBS where he made his mark, appearing on a number of football analysis shows including On the Ball and The World Game.^[1]

Warren wept openly on national television in 1997 when two very late goals by Iran resulted in a 2-2 draw against the Socceroos in the final World Cup qualifying match and sent Iran to the 1998 FIFA World Cup.^[9]

Gold Creek[link]

While in Canberra, John and his business partners acquired control of the Gold Creek Function and Entertainment Centre based around the historic Gold Creek Homestead (located in present-day Ngunnawal). The function centre was one of the National Capital's premier function venues.^[3][10]

During the 1980s and early 1990s, numerous international visitors including members of Brazil’s Under 19s soccer team travelled to Gold Creek to get their first taste of Australian country life. Annual soccer camps were also held there under the auspices of the Australian Soccer Federation. Over a period of ten years, upwards of 10,000 teenagers from around the nation completed the two-week training camps.^{[citation needed]}

Opposition to the OFC[link]

Warren frequently argued for abolition of the Oceania Football Confederation, claiming that the OFC offered nothing to either the world game nor to the nations that comprised the confederation. Many Australians agreed with Warren believing that Australia was so dominant within the OFC that the Socceroos suffered from a lack of serious competition.^{[citation needed]} The lack of competition in the OFC was exemplified by the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification results that featured 11–0, 22–0 and 31–0 scorelines against OFC opponents. At that time, The OFC did not have a direct qualification route to the World Cup. Instead, the OFC champion had to play another sudden-death series against a single team from either South America or Asia for the final World Cup berth. Warren favoured a merger between the Oceania and Asian confederations that would allow the OFC nations to play in a regular qualification series, instead of the sudden-death matches playoffs. After the Crawford Report of which he was a committee member, Australia joined the AFC in 2006.

Struggle for National Success[link]

Warren's publicly held belief was that if Australia's strong sporting tradition was focused on the sport then Australia could be a world power in the game. One of his famous quotes on the matter was "I'm sick of us saying, 'When are we going to qualify for the World Cup'? When are we going to win the World Cup? ... Call me a dreamer."^[11] His comments came shortly after Australia had defeated England 3-1 in a friendly featuring a full-strength English side (albeit with 11 substitutions made at half-time), and several Confederations Cup wins over France and Brazil when Australia took third place at the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup in a 1-0 playoff win over Brazil.

Warren claimed that these results showed that Australia was a much more powerful football nation than many gave it credit for. At the time, Australia was reigning world champion in the other international codes - Rugby Union, Rugby League and Cricket.

In 2002, Warren published a best selling book, Sheilas, Wogs and Poofters, An Incomplete Biography of Johnny Warren & Soccer In Australia which traced the growth of association football in Australia, especially in the post-WWII years. The title refers to alleged sexist, racist and homophobic attitudes towards football exhibited frequently by many Australians and especially the major city media in Australia through this period.^[5]

Nevertheless, Warren predicted that the Australian national team would attain consistent international success. He famously expressed a desire to say 'I told you so' to the team's detractors.^[12]

Death[link]

After smoking heavily for most of his life, in 2003 Warren publicly announced that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Several months later FIFA president Sepp Blatter presented a frail Warren with the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit for his services to the game in Australia.^[3][11][13]

His last public appearance was made during the launch of the rebranded Australian domestic football league, the A-League, which replaced the previous National Soccer League.

Weeks before death, Warren was asked what he wanted his sporting legacy to be - his answer "I Told You So", a phrase which has become a catch-cry in Australian football and during the 2006 FIFA World Cup appeared on the scoreboard in the backdrop of the SBS World Cup studio.^[14][15]

He died of respiratory complications related to his cancer on 6 November 2004, at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney. He was awarded a full state funeral, the first to be held for a sportsman.^[16]

Documentary[link]

The documentary Johnny Warren's Football Mission, released in 2006, features interviews with his former teammates, family, friends and football journalists.^[17][18]

Johnny Warren football collection[link]

A collection of 503 items of memorabilia was donated by Johnny Warren's family to the National Museum of Australia in 2005. The collection includes soccer uniforms, medals, scrapbooks and trophies. The National Museum paid tribute to Warren in 2010 with 'I told you so': Johnny Warren and football in Australia, a display to coincide with the World Cup.^[19]

Honours[link]

Individual[link]

• Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE): 1974^[20]
• Sport Australia Hall of Fame Inductee: 1988^[21]
• FFA Hall of Champions Inductee: 1999
• Australian Sports Medal: 2000^[22]
• Centenary Medal: 2001^[23]
• ACT Sport Hall of Fame Inductee: 2002
• Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM): 2002^[24]
• FIFA Centennial Order of Merit: 2004^[13]
• Australian Sports Commission Lifetime Achievement Award: 2004
• John Warren Street in the Sydney suburb of Glenwood is named for him.^[25]

Club[link]

Canterbury-Marrickville

• New South Wales Grand Final Runner Up: 1960

St. George-Budapest

• New South Wales Champions: 1972

See also[link]

• Johnny Warren Medal

References[link]

External links[link]

• Johnny Warren Football Foundation
• FFA - Hall of Fame profile
• Sports Australia - Hall of Fame profile
• Australian Honours profile
• Editorial article on Johnny Warren in The Age
• Johnny Warren eulogy by Les Murray
• Short compilation of old newsreels featuring Warren
• Johnny Warren collection at the National Museum of Australia

v t e Australia squad – 1974 FIFA World Cup 1 Reilly 2 Utjesenovic 3 Wilson (c) 4 Schäfer 5 Curran 6 Richards 7 Rooney 8 Mackay 9 Warren 10 Manuel 11 Abonyi 12 Alston 13 Ollerton 14 Tolson 15 Williams 16 Rudic 17 Harding 18 Watkiss 19 Campbell 20 Buljevic 21 Milisavljevic 22 Maher Coach: Rašić

Warren R. Ward (born 25 May 1962)^[1] is an English former professional footballer who scored 14 goals from 39 games in the Football League playing as a forward for York City, Lincoln City and Exeter City.^[2][3]

Career[link]

Ward was born in Plymstock, Devon.^[1] He began his football career as a junior with Yorkshire Amateurs^[4] and played for Guiseley before making his debut in the Football League with York City.^[2] He also played in the League with Lincoln City, where he was joint top scorer alongside Neil Redfearn – with only 8 goals – in the 1985–86 season, which included a loan spell at Exeter City.^[3] He then moved into non-League football with Boston United,^[5] King's Lynn,^[6] Spalding United, Lincoln United,^[5] Grantham Town, where he was for a time player-manager,^[7] Boston Town and Wisbech Town.^[5] He went on to coach with the Lincolnshire Football Association.^[5]

References[link]

This biographical article related to an English association football forward born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Warren Holmes (born February 18, 1957 in Beeton, Ontario) is a professional hockey player who played for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. Since playing for the Kings, he has been associated with many major minor league teams. Warren Holmes has two daughter(born 1988 & 1991). He currently resides in Houston, Texas, USA

External links[link]

• Warren Holmes's career stats at The Internet Hockey Database

This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey centre born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Brandon Curry (born October 19, 1982) is a U.S. professional bodybuilder who competes in the heavyweight class.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Curry was born and raised in Nashville, Tennessee. He first became interested in weight training when he received a pair of Hulk Hogan-branded dumbbells for his sixth birthday.^[1] Curry would later recall in a magazine interview that he was motivated by superhero action figure G.I. Joe and the Rocky and Rambo films to develop his body to its fullest muscular capacity.^[1]

As a child, Curry's parents enrolled him gymnastics classes, but he lost interest in the sport.^[1] Curry was involved in wrestling, track and field and football while he was a student at Hunters Lane Comprehensive High School in Nashville.^[2]

Curry attended Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where he majored in exercise bnn science. He initially played on the university's football team, but later left the team and switched his athletic focus to bodybuilding-related weight training.^[2] Outside of bodybuilding, Curry works as a personal trainer. He divides his residency between Nashville and Oceanside, California.

Bodybuilding career[link]

Initially competing in the light-heavyweight class, Curry won his first bodybuilding competition, the 2003 Supernatural Bodybuilding & On June 17, 2006, he came in second in the light-heavyweight division at the NPC Junior National Championships; the five-foot-seven Curry weighed 189 pounds for that event. The following year, with 28 additional pounds added to his frame, he moved up to the heavyweight division for the NPC USA Championships on July 28, 2007, where he finished second in his division. On November 17, 2007, he came in second in the heavyweight division for that year's NPC National Championships.

His Biggest success is in 2011 MR.olympia competitions where he stands 8th while first time coming to the olympia's Ring just above Roney Rockel and below Tony Freeman.^[3] On July 25, 2008, Curry won both the heavyweight division and the overall of the NPC USA Championships, which secured him ranking as a professional bodybuilder.^[3]

Pro contest history[link]

• 2003 Supernatural Bodybuilding, 1st
• 2006 NPC Junior National Championships, 2nd
• 2007 NPC USA Championships, 2nd
• 2011 Mr.Olympia, 8th

References[link]

External links[link]

• Brandon Curry’s MySpace page
• USAMuscle.com competitor profile