Paleoliberalism is a term that has at least a few distinct meanings, all relating to liberalism. Generally, it is used as a somewhat obscure term for extreme liberalism. The adjectival form, paleoliberal is defined by The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, as "Extremely or stubbornly liberal in political matters." but because the term liberalism itself has several different meanings, this definition carries some ambiguity.

A paleoliberal believes in moderate government intervention on personal matters and economic matters. They tend to be opposed to war, police powers and victimless crimes. They believe in a social safety net, but to a lesser extent than more left wing politics. They generally believe in protecting personal liberty, both through individualism and state protection. They support self-ownership and privacy. Some Paleo-liberals may lean towards embracing capitalism as an economic system.

The term is often used to refer to an extreme or "unreconstructed" exponent of modern American liberalism. For example, Brian Doherty writing in Reason in 1997 used the term to refer to Richard Gephardt in his opposition to Clinton's free trade policies.