- published: 30 Mar 2017
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Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Central European Ashkenazi Jewish community. The range of Yiddish theatre is broad: operetta, musical comedy, and satiric or nostalgic revues; melodrama; naturalist drama; expressionist and modernist plays. At its height, its geographical scope was comparably broad: from the late 19th century until just before World War II, professional Yiddish theatre could be found throughout the heavily Jewish areas of Eastern and East Central Europe, but also in Berlin, London, Paris, Buenos Aires and New York City.
Yiddish theatre's roots include the often satiric plays traditionally performed during religious holiday of Purim (known as Purim spiels); other masquerades such as the Dance of Death; the singing of cantors in the synagogues; Jewish secular song and dramatic improvisation; exposure to the theatre traditions of various European countries, and the Jewish literary culture that had grown in the wake of the Jewish enlightenment (Haskalah).
The National Yiddish Theatre – Folksbiene is a professional theater company in New York City which produces both Yiddish plays and plays translated into Yiddish, in a theater equipped with simultaneous superscript translation into English. The company's leadership consists of artistic director Zalmen Mlotek (considered to be one of the world's top authorities on Yiddish culture), executive director Bryna Wasserman (formerly head of Montréal's award-winning Segal Centre), executive producer Christopher Massimine, associate artistic director Motl Didner. The notably distinguished board is chaired by Jeffrey S. Wiesenfeld, principal at Bernstein Global Wealth Management, and vice chaired by Feliks Frenkel, principal at OTW Wealth Management.
Folksbiene (Yiddish for the People's Stage) was founded in 1915 on New York City’s Lower East Side, and is thought to be "New York’s oldest theater company, English or Yiddish, commercial or not." The era when it was founded is considered to be the height of Yiddish theater; at the time there were 15 Yiddish theatre companies in the Yiddish Theater District in New York and many more worldwide. Due to the destruction of European Jewry by the German Nazis, the Folksbiene is one of only five professional Yiddish theatre companies still in operation; also in New York City is the New Yiddish Rep, and the others are in Bucharest, Warsaw and Tel Aviv.