This article is about the Portuguese football coach. For other people named Mourinho, see
Mourinho (name).
José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix, OIH, or simply José Mourinho (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ moˈɾiɲu]; born 26 January 1963) is a Portuguese football manager, currently the head coach of Real Madrid. He is commonly known as "The Special One".[2] Mourinho is regarded by some players, coaches, and critics as one of the best football coaches of all time.[3][4][5][6] Mourinho started out as a player and eventually switched to management. After working as a physical education teacher and spells working as a youth team coach, a scout, and an assistant manager in the early 1990s, he became an interpreter for Sir Bobby Robson. He worked with Robson at Sporting Lisbon and Porto in Portugal, and Barcelona in Spain. He remained at the Catalonian club after Robson's departure and worked with his successor Louis van Gaal.
He began focusing on coaching and impressed with brief but successful managerial periods at Benfica and União de Leiria, taking the latter to their highest ever league finish. He returned to Porto in early 2002 as head coach, winning the Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal, and UEFA Cup in 2003. In the next season Mourinho guided the team to victory in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, to the top of the league for a second time, and won the highest honour in European club football, the UEFA Champions League. Mourinho moved to Chelsea the following year and won the Premier League title, the club's first league title in 50 years, and the League Cup in his first season season. In his second year Chelsea retained the Premier League and in 2006-07 he took the club to an FA Cup and League Cup double, though they were league runners-up. He often courted controversy for his outspokenness, but his victories at Chelsea and Porto established him as one of the world's top football managers. Mourinho left Chelsea in September 2007, amidst reports of a rift with club owner Roman Abramovich.[7]
In 2008 he moved to Italy's Serie A, signing a three-year contract with Internazionale. Within three months he had won his first Italian honour, the Supercoppa Italiana, and completed the season by winning the Serie A league title. Mourinho followed the next season by winning the first treble in Italian history, the Serie A league title, Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Champions League, the first time Inter had won in forty-five years, thus becoming the third manager in football history to win two UEFA Champions League with two different teams, after Ernst Happel and Ottmar Hitzfeld.[8] He won the first ever FIFA Ballon d'Or Best Coach Award in 2010. He then signed with Real Madrid in 2010, winning the Copa del Rey in his first season. The following year he won the La Liga and became the fourth coach, after Tomislav Ivić, Ernst Happel, and Giovanni Trapattoni, to have won league titles in at least four different countries: Portugal, England, Italy, and Spain,[9] also becoming the first manager to win the traditional top three European league championships.[10]
José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix was born in 1963 to a large middle-class family in Setúbal, Portugal, the son of José Manuel Mourinho Félix, who was known by the name Félix Mourinho, and wife Maria Júlia Carrajola dos Santos.[11] His father played football professionally for Os Belenenses and Vitória de Setúbal, earning one cap for Portugal in the course of his career. His mother was a primary school teacher from an affluent background;[12] her uncle funded the construction of the Vitória de Setúbal football stadium. The fall of António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo regime in April 1974, however, led to the family losing all but a single property in nearby Palmela.[13]
From an early age, football was a major part of Mourinho's life. Footballing commitments in Porto and Lisbon meant that Félix was often separated from his son. As a teenager, Mourinho travelled to attend his father's weekend matches and when his father had became a coach, Mourinho began observing training sessions and scouting opposing teams.[14] Mourinho wanted to follow in the footsteps of his father by becoming a footballer and so he joined the Belenenses youth team. Graduating to the senior level, he played at Rio Ave (where his father was coach), Belenenses, and Sesimbra. He lacked the requisite pace and power to become a professional and chose to focus on becoming a football coach instead.[12][15][16]
His mother enrolled him in a business school, Mourinho dropped out on his first day, deciding he would rather focus on sport, and chose to attend the Instituto Superior de Educação Física (ISEF), Technical University of Lisbon, to study sports science.[13] He taught physical education at various schools and after five years, he had earned his diploma, receiving consistently good marks throughout the course.[14] After attending coaching courses held by the English and Scottish Football Associations, former Scotland manager Andy Roxburgh took note of the young Portuguese's drive and attention to detail.[17] Mourinho sought to redefine the role of coach in football by mixing coaching theory with motivational and psychological techniques.[12]
After leaving his job as a school coach, Mourinho looked for paths into professional management in his hometown and became youth team coach at Vitória de Setúbal in the early 1990s. Working his way up the ladder, he accepted the position of assistant manager at Estrela da Amadora,[17] then was a scout at Ovarense. Mourinho yearned for greater challenges and in 1992 an opportunity arose to work as a translator for a top foreign coach. Sir Bobby Robson had been appointed as the new manager of Lisbon club Sporting Clube de Portugal and the Englishman required a local coach with a good command of English to work as his interpreter.[15]
Initially a step away from management, Mourinho began discussing tactics and coaching with Robson in his interpreting role.[15] Robson was sacked by Sporting in December 1993, but Portuguese rivals FC Porto appointed him as their head coach and Mourinho moved with him, continuing to coach and interpret for players at the new club.[17] After two years at Porto the duo moved again, switching to FC Barcelona in 1996, where he learnt Catalan for the new challenge.[18] Mourinho and his family moved to Barcelona and he gradually became a prominent figure of Barcelona's staff by translating at press conferences, planning practice sessions, and helping players through tactical advice and analyses of the opposition. Robson and Mourinho's styles complemented each other: the Englishman favoured an attacking style, while Mourinho covered defensive options, and the Portuguese's love of planning and training combined with Robson's direct man-management. The partnership was fruitful and Barcelona finished the season with the European Cup Winners' Cup. Robson moved club the following season but this time Mourinho did not follow as Barcelona were keen to retain him as assistant manager.[17] The two remained good friends and Mourinho later reflected on the effect Robson had had upon him:
One of the most important things I learnt from Bobby Robson is that when you win, you shouldn't assume you are the team, and when you lose, you shouldn't think you are rubbish.[17]
He began working with Robson's successor, Louis van Gaal, and he learnt much from the Dutchman's conscientious style. Both assistant and head coach combined their studious approach to the game and Barcelona won La Liga twice in van Gaal's first two years as coach.[17] Van Gaal saw that his number two had the promise to be more than a skilled assistant. He let Mourinho develop his own independent coaching style and entrusted him with the coaching duties of FC Barcelona B.[18] Van Gaal also let Mourinho take charge of the first team (acting as Mourinho's assistant himself) for certain trophies, like the Copa Catalunya, which Mourinho won in 2000.[19]
The chance to become a top-tier manager arrived in September 2000 when Mourinho moved up from his role as assistant coach at Lisbon side Benfica to replace head coach Jupp Heynckes after the fourth week of the Primeira Liga.[18] The Benfica hierarchy wanted to appoint Jesualdo Ferreira as the new assistant coach, but Mourinho refused and picked Carlos Mozer, a retired Benfica defender, as his right-hand man instead.[20]
When I spoke with van Gaal about going back to Portugal to be an assistant at Benfica, he said: "No, don't go. Tell Benfica if they want a first-team coach you will go; if they want an assistant you will stay."[21]
Mourinho was highly critical of Ferreira, whom he had first encountered as his teacher at ISEF and later lambasted the veteran coach by stating, "This could be the story of a donkey who worked for 30 years but never became a horse."[22] Only weeks after being given the job at Benfica, Mourinho's mentor, Sir Bobby Robson, offered him the assistant manager's role at Newcastle United. Such was Robson's desperation for Mourinho to join him he offered to step down after two years in charge and hand over the reins to Mourinho. Mourinho turned the offer down and said he knew Robson would never step down at the club he loved.[23]
Mourinho and Mozer proved a popular combination, enjoying a 3–0 win against fierce rivals Sporting in December.[24][25] Their reign, however, appeared to be at risk after Benfica's election turned against club president João Vale e Azevedo, and the newly-elected Manuel Vilarinho said that he would instate ex-Benfica player Toni as his new coach.[18] Although Vilarinho had no intention of firing him immediately, Mourinho used the victory over Sporting to test the president's loyalty and he asked for a contract extension.[24] Vilarinho refused the demand and Mourinho resigned from his position immediately. He left the club on 5 December 2000 after just nine league games in charge.[26] Upon later reflection, Vilarinho rued his poor judgement and expressed his frustration at losing Mourinho:
[Put me] back then [and] I would do exactly the opposite: I would extend his contract. Only later I realised that one's personality and pride cannot be put before the interest of the institution we serve.[24]
Mourinho found a new managerial post in April 2001 with União de Leiria, whom he took to their highest-ever league finish of fifth place after joining the club with seven games left to be played.[27] During his second season at União de Leiria, the team was on a run contesting places as high as third and fourth by January. Mourinho's successes at Leiria did not go unrecognised and he caught the attention of larger Portuguese clubs.[18]
He was then hand-picked in January 2002 by FC Porto to replace Octávio Machado. Mourinho guided the team to third place that year after a strong 15-game run (W–D–L: 11–2–2) and gave the promise of "making Porto champions next year."
He quickly identified several key players whom he saw as the backbone of what he believed would be a perfect Porto team: Vítor Baía, Ricardo Carvalho, Costinha, Deco, Dmitri Alenichev, and Hélder Postiga. He recalled captain Jorge Costa after a six-month loan to Charlton Athletic. The signings from other clubs included Nuno Valente and Derlei from União de Leiria; Paulo Ferreira from Vitória de Setúbal; Pedro Emanuel from Boavista; and Edgaras Jankauskas and Maniche, who both had been out of contract at Benfica.
During the pre-season, Mourinho put detailed reports of the team training on the club website. The reports were filled with formal vocabulary, as, for instance, he referred to a 20 km jog as an extended aerobic exercise. While they attracted some scorn for the pretentiousness, others praised the innovation and the application of a more scientific approach to the training methods practised in Portugal. One of the key aspects in Mourinho-era Porto was his quick wit and the pressuring play, which started at the offensive line, dubbed pressão alta ("high pressure"). The physical and combative abilities of the teams' defenders and midfielders allowed Porto to apply pressure from the offensive lines and forced opponents either to concede the ball or try longer, uncertain passes.
In 2003, Mourinho won his first Primeira Liga with a 27–5–2 record, 11 points clear of Benfica, the team he quit two years earlier. The total of 86 points out of the possible maximum of 102 was a Portuguese record since the rule of three points per win was introduced. Mourinho also won the Portuguese Cup (against former club Leiria) and the UEFA Cup final against Celtic, both in May 2003.
The following season witnessed further successes: he led Porto to victory in the one-match Portuguese SuperCup, beating Leiria 1–0. They lost, however, the UEFA Super Cup 1–0 to AC Milan, with Andriy Shevchenko scoring the solitary goal. The team was dominant in the Primeira Liga and they finished the season with a perfect home record, an eight-point advantage, and an unbeaten run that only ended against Gil Vicente; they secured the title five weeks before the end of the season. Porto lost the Portuguese Cup final to Benfica in May 2004, but two weeks later, Mourinho won a greater prize: the UEFA Champions League, with a 3–0 win over AS Monaco in Germany. The club had eliminated Manchester United, Olympique Lyonnais, and Deportivo La Coruña and their sole defeat of the competition came against Real Madrid in the group round.
Mourinho's win over Manchester United foreshadowed a move to the Premier League, where he would enjoy a competitive relationship with United manager Sir Alex Ferguson.[28] In the first leg between United and Porto, Ferguson confronted Mourinho after Roy Keane received a red card for stamping on Vitor Baia.[29] In the second leg, Porto were on the verge of an away goals defeat when Costinha scored a goal with only little more than thirty seconds left for the official 90 minutes time, to win the tie and Mourinho celebrated the goal flamboyantly. As a response to his European and domestic success, Mourinho was linked with several top European clubs, including Liverpool, Real Madrid, and Chelsea. Mourinho publicly stated his preference for the Liverpool job over the Chelsea one:
Liverpool are a team that interests everyone and Chelsea does not interest me so much because it is a new project with lots of money invested in it. I think it is a project which, if the club fail to win everything, then [Roman] Abramovich could retire and take the money out of the club. It's an uncertain project. It is interesting for a coach to have the money to hire quality players but you never know if a project like this will bring success.[30]
Liverpool offered their managerial position to Spanish coach Rafael Benítez and Mourinho instead accepted a large offer from Roman Abramovich and pledged his immediate future to Chelsea.[30]
Mourinho moved to Chelsea in June 2004, becoming one of the highest paid managers in football with a salary of £4.2 million a year, subsequently raised in 2005 to £5.2 million.[31] In a press conference upon joining the English side, Mourinho said, "Please don't call me arrogant, but I'm European champion and I think I'm a special one," which resulted in the media dubbing him "The Special One".[32]
Mourinho recruited his backroom staff from Porto, consisting of assistant manager Baltemar Brito, fitness coach Rui Faria, chief scout André Villas-Boas, and goalkeeping coach Silvino Louro. He retained the services of Steve Clarke, a long-serving former player at Chelsea, who had also performed an assistant managerial-type role under previous managers at the club. In terms of spending, Mourinho carried on where his predecessor Claudio Ranieri left off, as, bankrolled by Roman Abramovich, he spent in excess of £70 million in transfer fees on players such as Tiago (£10 million) from Benfica, Michael Essien (£24.4 million) from Olympique Lyonnais, Didier Drogba (£24 million) from Olympique de Marseille, Mateja Kežman (£5.4 million) from PSV, and Porto pair Ricardo Carvalho (£19.8 million) and Paulo Ferreira (£13.3 million).
Under Mourinho, Chelsea built on the potential developed in the previous season. By early December, they were at the top of the Premier League table and had reached the knock-out stages of the Champions League. He secured his first trophy by winning the League Cup against Liverpool 3–2 (AET) in Cardiff. Towards the end of the match, Mourinho was escorted from the touchline after putting his finger to his mouth in the direction of Liverpool fans, as a response to taunts directed towards him whilst Liverpool were leading, before the equalising goal.
The club added more trophies as they secured their first top-flight domestic title in 50 years, setting a string of English football records in the process, including the most points ever achieved in the Premier League (95), and the fewest goals conceded (15). He failed, however, to achieve back-to-back Champions League successes when Chelsea were knocked out of the competition by a controversial goal in the semi-finals by eventual winners Liverpool.[33]
Chelsea started the next season well. They defeated Arsenal 2–1 to win the FA Community Shield, and topped the Premier League from the first weekend of the 2005–06 season. Chelsea beat rivals Manchester United 3–0 to win their second consecutive Premiership title and Mourinho's fourth domestic title in a row. After the presentation of his championship medal, Mourinho threw his medal and blazer into the crowd. He was awarded a second medal within minutes which he also threw into the crowd.
The signing of Ukrainian striker Andriy Shevchenko in the summer of 2006 for a club record fee would also prove to be a point of contention between Mourinho and Abramovich. Shevchenko, at the time of his signing, was one of the most highly regarded strikers in Europe during his time with Milan, where he won the Champions League, Scudetto, and Ballon d'Or awards in his seven years in Milan. Chelsea had attempted to sign Shevchenko in the preceding two years but Milan rebuffed Abramovich's interest in him. Shevchenko's first season at Chelsea was viewed as a major disappointment by the Chelsea fans as he only scored four league goals and 14 in all competitions. Shevchenko's strike partner, Didier Drogba, had the highest scoring season of his career that year and this led Shevchenko to be dropped from the starting line-up towards the end of the season by Mourinho. Notably, in the Champions League match at Anfield, Shevchenko was not even included on the bench. Abramovich's insistence on Mourinho playing the Ukrainian was widely viewed as a further source of friction between the two men. Shevchenko's signing was not the only one for Chelsea, however, as German captain Michael Ballack was also signed to strengthen the midfield on free agent from Bayern Munich. The Icelandic striker Eiður Guðjohnsen, an important player for Chelsea under Ranieri and Mourinho, departed the club for FC Barcelona.
The 2006–07 season saw growing media speculation that Mourinho would leave the club at the season's conclusion, due to alleged poor relations with owner Roman Abramovich and a power struggle with sporting director Frank Arnesen and Abramovich advisor Piet de Visser. Mourinho later cleared doubts regarding his future at Stamford Bridge, stating that there would only be two ways for him to leave Chelsea: if Chelsea were not to offer him a new contract in June 2010, and if Chelsea were to sack him.[34] He then launched an ambitious campaign for all four trophies available with the aim of becoming the first club in English football to complete "the quadruple".
Despite the unrest, Chelsea, under Mourinho, won the League Cup again by defeating Arsenal FC in the final at the Millennium Stadium. The possibility, however, of the quadruple was brought to an end on 1 May 2007 when Liverpool eliminated Chelsea from the UEFA Champions League on penalties at Anfield, following a 1–1 aggregate draw. Days later, Chelsea drew 1–1 with Arsenal FC at the Emirates Stadium on 6 May 2007 in a league match, which secured the Premier League title for Manchester United. This was Mourinho's first season without a league title win in five years. Mourinho led Chelsea to a 1–0 victory against Manchester United in the 2007 FA Cup Final, winning in the first final to be played at the new Wembley Stadium. This was his first FA Cup win which meant that he had won every domestic trophy available to a Premier League manager. There was, however, to be further friction between himself and Abramovich when Avram Grant was appointed as Director of Football, despite objections from Mourinho. Grant's position was further enhanced by being given a seat on the board. In spite of these tensions, the 2007–08 transfer season would see the departure of Dutch winger Arjen Robben to Real Madrid and French midfielder Florent Malouda moved to Chelsea. Shevchenko was linked with a return to Milan but he remained at Chelsea for another year.
In the first match of the 2007–08 season, Chelsea beat Birmingham City 3–2 to set a new record of 64 consecutive home league matches without defeat, surpassing the record set by Liverpool between 1978 and 1981.[35] Despite this feat, Chelsea's start to the 2007–08 season was not as successful as previous starts. The team lost at Aston Villa and followed this with a goalless draw at home to Blackburn Rovers. Their opening game in the UEFA Champions League saw them only manage a 1–1 home draw against the Norwegian team Rosenborg BK in front of an almost half-empty stadium. Shevchenko scored Chelsea's only goal in that match.
Mourinho unexpectedly left Chelsea on 20 September 2007 "by mutual consent," although there had been a series of disagreements with Chairman Roman Abramovich.[7] The Chelsea board held an emergency meeting and decided it was time to part with their manager. Mourinho left as the most successful manager in Chelsea's history, having won six trophies for the club in three years. He was also undefeated in all home league games. Avram Grant succeeded José Mourinho as Chelsea manager but failed to win any trophies in his year in charge, although he reached the final of the Champions League and League Cup. Grant's Chelsea also finished second in the Premier League.
Mourinho at press conference.
Mourinho in
Moscow, during a 2010 Champions League fixture
On 2 June 2008, Mourinho was appointed the successor of Roberto Mancini at Internazionale on a three-year contract, and brought along with him much of his backroom staff who had served him at both Chelsea and Porto.[36][37] He chose Giuseppe Baresi, a former Inter player and ex-head coach of their youth academy, as his assistant.[38] He spoke solely in Italian in his first press conference as Inter boss, claiming to have learnt it "in three weeks."[39] Mourinho stated that he only intended to make a few major signings in the summer.[40] By the end of the transfer window, he had brought three new players to the side: Brazilian winger Mancini (€13 million),[41][42] Ghanaian midfielder Sulley Muntari for reported €14 million,[43] and Portuguese winger Ricardo Quaresma for a cash/player exchange fee of €18.6 million plus young Portuguese midfielder Pelé.[44][45]
In his first season as Inter head coach, Mourinho won the Italian SuperCup, beating Roma on penalties,[46] and finished top of Serie A. Inter, however, were eliminated 2–0 on aggregate by Manchester United in the first knock-out round of the UEFA Champions League, and he also failed to win the Coppa Italia, being defeated 3–1 on aggregate by Sampdoria in the semi-finals.[47] As UEFA was beginning to push the larger clubs in top leagues to play more homegrown players, Mourinho regularly played 18-year-old Italian forward Mario Balotelli and promoted academy defender Davide Santon to the first team permanently, installing an Italian contingent into a team previously composed of mostly foreign players. Both teenagers played a part in the Scudetto-winning season and played enough games to earn their first senior trophy.
Despite his domestic successes in winning the Scudetto by a ten point margin, Jose Mourinho's first season in Italy was viewed as disappointing by some Inter fans as they failed to improve on the performances of his predecessor Roberto Mancini in the Champions League. Inter put in a series of lacklustre group stage performances that included a shock 1–0 home loss to Panathinaikos and an away draw with Cypriot minnows Anorthosis. They qualified, however, for the knockout stages of the Champions League but failed to make it to the quarter-finals after being defeated by Manchester United.
Mourinho also caused immediate ripples in Italian football through his controversial relationships with the Italian press and media, and feuds with major Serie A coaches such as Carlo Ancelotti, then of AC Milan, Luciano Spalletti of Roma, and Claudio Ranieri of Juventus. At a press conference in March 2009, he insulted the first two rivals by claiming they would end the season with no honours – and accused the Italian sport journalists of "intellectual prostitution" on their behalf.[48] This rant promptly became very popular in Italy, especially regarding the "zero titles" quote used by Mourinho, and incorrectly pronounced by him as zeru tituli (in correct Italian it would have been zero titoli), which was later extensively referred to by football journalists in Italy. It also became the title's catchphrase used by fans to celebrate Inter's 17th scudetto later that season.[49][50] The catchphrase was even used by Nike to present the celebration shirts for Inter's Serie A title.[51] After the Coppa Italia final in May, fans of Roma's cross-town rivals Lazio, the new Coppa Italia winners, wore shirts with Io campione, tu zero titoli ("I'm a champion, you have no honours") on it,[52] quoting Mourinho's "zeru tituli" statement.
On 16 May 2009, Inter mathematically won the Serie A title, after runners-up Milan lost to Udinese. This loss left the Nerazzurri seven points above their crosstown rivals with only two games remaining. They would eventually finish ten points clear of Milan.[53]
On 28 July 2009, Mourinho was reported to have shown interest in taking over at Manchester United when Sir Alex Ferguson retired. He was quoted as saying, "I would consider going to Manchester United but United have to consider if they want me to succeed Sir Alex Ferguson. If they do, then of course."[54]
Under Mourinho, Inter have remained active in the transfer market. Adriano left Inter in April 2009, and the exit of the Brazilian striker was followed by the Argentine duo Julio Cruz and Hernán Crespo. Legendary Portuguese attacking midfielder and veteran Luís Figo retired. Figo was on the verge of leaving Inter under Mancini due to a lack of playing time but in his final season, Mourinho used him frequently. Mourinho signed Argentine striker Diego Milito, who fell just one goal short of winning the top scorer award with Genoa, as well as Thiago Motta and Wesley Sneijder, to bolster the midfield. Perhaps his most notable signing of the summer of his second season was a swap deal of Zlatan Ibrahimović for FC Barcelona's Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto'o and a reported 35 million pound transfer fee also went to Inter. This transfer was the second most expensive in the history of the transfer market, after Cristiano Ronaldo moved to Real Madrid earlier in the summer. Eto'o got off to a promising start with Inter by scoring two goals in the first two matches of the season.
Ricardo Quaresma's signing from Mourinho's old club FC Porto was viewed as a missing link in the Inter squad, but his play disappointed the club and led him to be loaned off to Chelsea midway through the season, ironically Mourinho's other former club. Mancini also failed to dominate in the midfield and addressing these shortcomings in the transfer market became a priority for Inter. Inter's lack of a creative playmaker, or trequartista, has been blamed for the Champions League failure. In their attempt to deal with this issue, Inter signed Dutch midfielder Wesley Sneijder from Real Madrid.
Mourinho once again sparked controversy in the summer with his argument with Italy national team coach Marcello Lippi. Lippi predicted that Juventus would win the Scudetto in the 2009–10 season, which Mourinho viewed Lippi's comments as disrespectful to Inter. The previous year, Lippi predicted Inter would win the title and Mourinho did not respond to his prediction. Lippi responded by saying that Mourinho was equal to Ciro Ferrara and Leonardo at Juventus and Milan, respectively, only that he was more experienced. After the row with Lippi, he clashed with Italy captain Fabio Cannavaro over Davide Santon's place in the Inter squad. Cannavaro had said that Santon might have to leave Inter to get regular playing time to gain selection for Italy in the World Cup. Mourinho responded by saying that Cannavaro was acting like a coach.
Inter struggled in their first two matches of the new season. The team lost the Italian SuperCup to Lazio 2–1 and drew 1–1 with newly promoted Bari at the San Siro. Mourinho's team improved dramatically since then, however, as he built a formidable midfield with Sneijder at the heart of it and the likes of new signing Thiago Motta and veterans Javier Zanetti and Dejan Stanković. Inter went on score more than 30 goals (as of the end of November), thrashing derby rivals Milan 4–0, with new signings Diego Milito and Motta both scoring, and hammering Genoa 5–0, the largest margin of victory in the Serie A that season. He was sent off in the December Derby d'Italia away fixture after he sarcastically applauded the referee for what he felt was a dubious free-kick given to Juventus and Inter went on to lose 2–1, courtesy of a Claudio Marchisio winner in the second-half.[55]
Later during the season, Mourinho maintained a strongly critical position against refereeing in Italy, which reached its peak during the 22 February 2010 league game against Sampdoria, ended in a 0–0 tie, with two Inter players being sent off in the first half. At the end of the first half, José Mourinho made a handcuffs gesture towards a camera which was considered by the Football Association as violent and critical of the refereeing performance, and caused a three-game ban against the Portuguese coach.[56] Also, his difficult relationship with young striker Mario Balotelli and the team's loss of form that led Inter to achieve only seven points in six games (and three of such games, including a shock 1–3 defeat at the hands of Sicilian minnows Catania, happening during Mourinho's ban) were heavily criticized by the media and pundits. Despite this, Mourinho achieved what was hailed as one of his career highlights after Inter managed to progress to the UEFA Champions League quarter-finals by defeating Mourinho's former team Chelsea in both legs (2–1 win at San Siro, then followed by a 1–0 win at Stamford Bridge).[57]
On 6 April 2010, José Mourinho became the first manager in history to take three different teams to the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League (this record was equalled by Bayern Munich manager Louis van Gaal a day later) after his Internazionale managed to overcome CSKA Moscow 0–1 in Russia in the second leg of their quarter-final tie, which ended 2–0 on aggregate. Wesley Sneijder's goal in the sixth minute proved the difference in a match played in laid-back style. This marked the first time in seven years that Internazionale managed to make it to the semi-finals of the competition.[58] On 13 April, Internazionale continued its good season, having managed to qualify for the Coppa Italia final, for the first time under Mourinho, by beating Fiorentina 1–0 away (2–0 on aggregate).[59]
On 28 April 2010, José Mourinho reached the UEFA Champions League Final for the second time in his career after Internazionale beat current holders Barcelona 3–2 on aggregate, after losing 1–0 at Nou Camp (which Mourinho called "the most beautiful defeat of my life"). This brought Internazionale back into a UEFA Champions League Final 38 years after their last (a defeat to AFC Ajax).[60] Mourinho was involved in a brief scuffle with Barcelona goalkeeper Víctor Valdés while attempting to join in the Inter celebrations.[61] Mourinho afterwards stated that that "anti-Madridismo" had motivated the Barça fans, suggesting that they were obsessed with reaching the final and winning the tournament in their arch-rival's home ground. Diario Marca proclaimed that Mourinho had passed the test to become the next head coach of Real Madrid, as their fans celebrated the elimination of Barcelona.[62]
On 2 May, after a 2–0 away win at Rome against Lazio, Inter almost secured the Serie A title. On 5 May 2010, the team won the Coppa Italia, defeating AS Roma 1–0, and on 16 May 2010 Inter beat Siena 1–0 to secure the domestic double.[63][64] On 22 May 2010, Inter won the UEFA Champions League beating Bayern Munich 2–0, and in doing so Inter became the first Italian club to complete The Treble and Mourinho personally celebrated the second "treble win" in his managerial career and second Champions League win.[65] The day after having won the UEFA Champions League, Mourinho claimed that he was "sad, as almost for sure it's my last game with Inter". He then added that "if you don't coach Real Madrid then you will always have a gap in your career".[66]
After days of discussions between Real Madrid and Inter, a record breaking compensation package was successfully agreed on 27 May 2010, and Mourinho was consequently released by Inter.[67][68]
On 28 May 2010, it was confirmed that Mourinho would take over from Manuel Pellegrini at the Santiago Bernabéu.[69] On 31 May 2010, Mourinho was unveiled as the new manager of Real Madrid after signing a four-year deal at the club, and became the 11th coach in the past seven years at Real Madrid.[70]
By the end of the transfer window, after the 2010 FIFA World Cup, he had brought four new players to is new side: a German Sami Khedira (€13 million), a German Turk Mesut Özil (€15 million), Portuguese defender Ricardo Carvalho (€8 million) and the winger Ángel di María (€25 million plus €11 million on incentives).
On 29 August 2010, Real Madrid drew 0–0 at RCD Mallorca in Mourinho's first La Liga game as manager.[71]
When asked about all the missed opportunities against Levante in La Liga and Auxerre in the UEFA Champions League, Mourinho said: "One day some poor rival is going to pay for the chances we've missed today." The following match at the Santiago Bernabéu ended with a 6–1 victory over Deportivo La Coruña. The following league games confirmed Mourinho's statement, defeating Málaga by 1–4 and Racing Santander again by 6–1.
On 29 November 2010, Mourinho's Madrid were defeated on his first Clásico encounter against Barcelona. The match, held in Camp Nou ended 5–0 to the hosts, with Real Madrid director Florentino Pérez regarding it the worst game in the history of Real Madrid.[72] Sporting director Valdano also criticized Mourinho for his 'inability to bring a major correction to the game' and 'not leaving his bench for the (majority) of the match'.[73] When asked by a media reporter however, Mourinho refused to call the loss a 'humiliation'.[74]
On 30 November 2010, Mourinho was fined £33,500 for appearing to instruct Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos to attempt to receive a strategic second yellow card in the 4–0 win against Ajax.[75] He was also banned for two Champions League matches, the second of which is suspended for three years.[76]
On 22 December 2010, Mourinho won a match by the widest margin in his career, winning 8–0 against Levante, also of La Liga, in the first leg of their quarter-final of the Copa del Rey.[77]
On 20 April 2011, Mourinho won his first trophy in Spanish football as Real Madrid defeated Barcelona 1–0 in the Copa del Rey final held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia ending Real Madrid's eighteen-year-long cup drought.[78]
On 7 December 2011, Real Madrid defeated Ajax with a 3–0 scoreline and concluded the Champions League group stage with six victories,[79] becoming the fifth team in Champions League history to accomplish the feat.[80] The victory was the team's fifteenth consecutive win to equal a club record set 50 years earlier, in 1961.[81]
On 21 April 2012, Real Madrid won 1–2 against FC Barcelona in El Clásico in Camp Nou, extending their lead in La Liga to 7 points with four matches remaining. This was the first victory for Real Madrid in La Liga against their arch rivals since 2008 and the first overall at Camp Nou since 2007. Also, in this match Real Madrid broke the record for most goals scored in the championship, with 109.[82][83] Barca manager Pep Guardiola conceded the title to Real Madrid.[84]
Mourinho's side advanced to the semi-finals of the Champions League for the second consecutive year (the 2010-11 semi-finals was the team's furthest advance in the tournament since 2002-03). The first leg away finished with a 2-1 win to Bayern Munich. In the second leg at home, Real Madrid took a 2-0 lead from two Cristiano Ronaldo goals but Bayern's Arjen Robben (whom Mourinho previously managed at Chelsea) converted a penalty to level the aggregate at 3-3, and Madrid was eliminated in the shootout. Bayern manager Jupp Heynckes said that Mourinho "came to the dressing room to congratulate my players and coaching staff after the game. It was very noble".[85][86]
On 2 May 2012, Real Madrid won 0–3 against Athletic Bilbao, maintaining a 7 point gap to Barcelona with only 6 points left to be played, which meant Real Madrid clinched the La Liga title after 4 years since they had won it for the last time.[87]
On 13 May 2012, Real Madrid defeated Mallorca 4–1, in their last league match of the season which set records for most games won in a La Liga season (32), most away wins (16), most points obtained in any of the top European leagues (100), improving the most goals scored record they already had set earlier (121), and finishing the season with the highest goal difference(+89).[88][89] Real Madrid topped the league 9 points clear of runners-up Barcelona.
On 22 May 2012, Jose Mourinho signed a new four-year contract to remain as Real Madrid Manager, till 2016.[90]
| Team |
Nat |
From |
To |
Record |
| G |
W |
D |
L |
Win % |
GF |
GA |
+/− |
| Benfica |
 |
20 Sep 2000 |
5 Dec 2000 |
11 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
54.55 |
17 |
9 |
+8 |
| União de Leiria |
|
14 Apr 2001 |
20 Jan 2002 |
20 |
11 |
5 |
4 |
55 |
47 |
28 |
+19 |
| Porto |
|
23 Jan 2002 |
26 May 2004 |
127 |
88 |
24 |
15 |
69.29 |
222 |
79 |
+143 |
| Chelsea |
 |
2 Jun 2004 |
20 Sep 2007 |
185 |
131 |
36 |
18 |
70.81 |
330 |
119 |
+211 |
| Internazionale |
 |
2 Jun 2008 |
28 May 2010 |
108 |
68 |
25 |
15 |
62.96 |
185 |
94 |
+91 |
| Real Madrid |
 |
31 May 2010 |
Present |
117 |
90 |
16 |
11 |
76.92 |
322 |
96 |
+226 |
| Total |
567 |
394 |
109 |
65 |
69.49 |
1124 |
436 |
+698 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 13 May 2012.
Between 23 February 2002 and 2 April 2011, Mourinho went 150 home league matches unbeaten: 38 (W36–D2) with Porto, 60 (W46–D14) with Chelsea, 38 (W29–D9) with Internazionale and 14 (W14–D0) with Real Madrid. The run was broken by Sporting de Gijón on 2 April 2011, when they defeated Real Madrid 1–0 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in La Liga. After the match, Mourinho entered Gijón's dressing room and congratulated them.[91] His only prior home league defeat had come when Porto lost 3–2 to Beira-Mar on 23 February 2002.[92]
In eight seasons of club management, including an eight month sabbatical in 2007–08, Mourinho has led his club to win its domestic league seven times, the UEFA Champions League twice and the UEFA Cup once. Since 2002, Mourinho has not gone a full calendar year without winning at least one trophy.
- Porto (2002–2004)
- Chelsea (2004–2007)
- Internazionale (2008–2010)
- Real Madrid (2010–present)
- Primeira Liga Manager of the Year (2): 2002–03, 2003–04
- Premier League Manager of the Year (2): 2004–05, 2005–06
- Premier League Manager of the Month (3): November 2004, January 2005, March 2007
- Serie A Manager of the Year (2): 2008–09, 2009–10
- Albo Panchina d'Oro (1): 2009–10
- Miguel Muñoz Trophy (2): 2010–11, 2011–12
- UEFA Manager of the Year (2): 2002–03, 2003–04
- UEFA Team of the Year (4): 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010
- Onze d'Or Coach of the Year (2): 2005, 2010
- FIFA World Coach of the Year (1): 2010
- IFFHS World's Best Club Coach of the Year (3): 2004, 2005, 2010
- World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year (3): 2004, 2005, 2010
- LPFP Awards Best Portuguese Manager in Foreign Countries (2): 2008–09, 2009–10
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award (1): 2005
- La Gazzetta dello Sport Man of the Year (1): 2010[93]
- International Sports Press Association Best Manager in the World (1): 2010[94]
Mourinho has often been seen as a controversial figure in football. His time at Chelsea, in particular, fueled this viewpoint as he frequently made outspoken comments that saw him face punishment from the footballing authorities.[97]
One of the first controversial episodes involving José Mourinho occurred during April 2001 while the Portuguese manager was taking over the realms at União de Leiria. Mourinho and Leiria's experienced former manager Manuel José were exchanging accusations regarding their post at the club.[98] The incident later originated a legal action taken by a club's chairman against Manuel José.[99] The event was highly publicized in the Portuguese media with Manuel José challenging Mourinho of besting the fifth place União de Leiria were lying when he was replaced.
On 31 January 2004, after a Sporting Clube de Portugal vs. Porto 1–1 match in Lisbon, Porto keeper Vítor Baía and Sporting midfielder Rui Jorge exchanged shirts. Mourinho took Rui Jorge's shirt from Baia and ripped it. Mourinho was not punished for the action. On 26 February, after the Porto vs. Manchester United match at Dragão, an angered Sir Alex Ferguson (United's manager) ran away from Mourinho and refused to shake hands with him. Mourinho called him to apologize. In March, before a Barcelona vs. Celtic match for the UEFA Cup, Mourinho criticized Celtic's coach Martin O'Neill and his team for playing non-attractive football, and recalled the 2003 UEFA Cup final between Porto and Celtic, when, as he said "we kept the ball and they just ran all over the pitch trying to get to us with their horrible and aggressive style". O'Neill responded harshly criticizing the "diving" Porto players used to get fouls. "Mourinho's comments are just unbelievable. I just treat them with the response they deserve. He's still to get over the embarrassment of Vitor Baia lying out on the turf for three or four days" O'Neill said.
On 6 October 2004, Adrian Mutu accused Mourinho of trying to prevent him from playing in a World Cup qualifier. Mourinho was informed by the Chelsea medical team that the player was unfit after a knee injury, but Mutu disagreed and insisted he was fit to play.[100][101] The fitness disagreement soon became irrelevant as Mutu tested positive for cocaine in a routine drugs test and he was sacked on 29 October 2004.[102]
Following a Champions League tie between Chelsea and Barcelona in March 2005, Mourinho accused Anders Frisk and Barcelona coach Frank Rijkaard of breaking FIFA rules by having a meeting at half–time. Mourinho insisted that this biased the referee and caused him to send off Chelsea striker Didier Drogba in the second half.[103] Frisk admitted that Rijkaard had tried to speak to him but insisted that he had sent him away.[104] The situation intensified when Frisk began to receive death threats from angered fans, causing the referee to retire prematurely.[105] The UEFA referee's chief, Volker Roth, labeled Mourinho an "enemy of football",[106] although UEFA distanced themselves from the comment.[107] After an investigation of the incident, Mourinho was given a two-match touchline ban for his behaviour and both Chelsea and the manager were fined by UEFA, though the body confirmed that it did not hold Mourinho personally responsible for Frisk's retirement.[108][109]
On 2 June 2005, Mourinho was fined £200,000 for his part in the meeting with then Arsenal full-back Ashley Cole in January 2005 in breach of the Premier League rules. His fine was later reduced to £75,000 after a hearing in August.[110] Later that year, he labeled Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger "a voyeur" after being irked at what he saw as the latter's apparent obsession with Chelsea. Wenger was furious with the remark and considered taking legal action against Mourinho.[111] However, the animosity died down and the two managers made peace after Mourinho admitted that he regretted making the comment.[112]
In August 2009, Mourinho again found himself causing controversy after commenting that the performance of Muslim player Sulley Muntari was lacking fitness and energy due to fasting during the month of Ramadan. He was reported to have said, "Muntari had some problems related to Ramadan, perhaps with this heat it's not good for him to be doing this [fasting]. Ramadan has not arrived at the ideal moment for a player to play a football match."[113] The comments sparked an angry response from Muslim leader Mohamed Nour Dachan, who responded, "I think Mourinho could do with talking a little less. A practising [Muslim] player is not weakened because we know from the Institute of Sports Medicine that mental and psychological stability can give a sportsman an extra edge on the field."[114]
On 21 April 2010, after Inter's 3–1 win against FC Barcelona in Milan, Catalan media alleged that Mourinho and Portuguese referee Olegário Benquerença (who was the referee of the San Siro match) were long time friends and also that they co-own a restaurant called O Menino in Leiria, Portugal, accusing Benquerença's friendship with Mourinho of being responsible for Inter's win. Catalan radio and media also claimed that Benquerença is called Larapio ("thief") in Portugal, since a 2004 match between Benfica and Porto in Lisbon in which Benquerença disallowed a dubious goal by Benfica's Petit, thus helping Porto to win 1–0; however, that match took place the season after Mourinho's departure from the club.[115] Mourinho himself denied any such allegiances. "I have no restaurant with anybody" he said, "maybe [Barcelona manager] Pep [Guardiola] has a restaurant in Oslo", taunting Norwegian referee Tom Henning Øvrebø's role in Barcelona's qualification against Chelsea in London for the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League semifinal.[116]
In a Champions League match at Ajax, late in the match when Real Madrid were leading 4–0, two Real Madrid players received late second yellow cards related to time wasting. The result of this meant they were suspended for the final group match even though Madrid would come first in the group, but would benefit by entering the round of 16 without any accumulated yellow cards. It was suggested that this was a deliberate ploy under Mourinho's instruction via two players in a substitution. As a result, UEFA charged Mourinho along with the four related players with improper conduct.[117]
On 17 August 2011, in the final of the 2011 Supercopa de España, Mourinho was seen gouging the eye of Barcelona's assistant coach Tito Vilanova during a brawl at the end of the game. After the game Mourinho did not comment on the incident except to claim that he did not know who "Pito" Vilanova was, with Pito being Spanish slang for penis.[118][119]
Mourinho with his children, Matilde and José Jr.
Mourinho met his wife Matilde "Tami" Faria, born in Angola, when they were teenagers in Setúbal, Portugal, and the couple married in 1989.[120][121] Their first child, daughter Matilde, was born in 1996 and they had their first son, José Mário, Jr., four years later. Mourinho, whilst dedicated to football, describes his family as the centre of his life and has noted that the "most important thing is my family and being a good father."[13][121] He was selected as the New Statesman Man of the Year 2005 and was described as a man devoted to both his family and his work.[12] Mourinho has also been a part of social initiatives and charity work, helping with a youth project, bringing Israeli and Palestinian children together through football and donating his "lucky" jacket to Tsunami Relief, earning £22,000 for the charity.[122][123] José Mourinho is a Catholic.[124]
Widely known for his strong personality, refined dress sense,[125] and quirky comments at press conferences,[126] Mourinho has experienced fame outside of football circles, featuring in European advertisement campaigns for Samsung, American Express, Braun and adidas, amongst others.[127] An unofficial biography of Mourinho, titled O Vencedor – De Setúbal a Stamford Bridge (The Winner – from Setúbal to Stamford Bridge), was a best seller in Portugal. However, Mourinho did not authorise the biography and attempted, unsuccessfully, to prevent the book from being published.[128]
Mourinho was part of an unusual event in May 2007 when he was arrested for preventing animal welfare officials from putting his dog in to quarantine.[129] The dog had not been sufficiently inoculated but the situation was resolved after it was returned to Portugal and Mourinho received a police caution.[130]
In 23 March 2009, José Mourinho was awarded a doctorate honoris causa degree by the Technical University of Lisbon for his accomplishments in football.[95]
Mourinho speaks Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French and English fluently. He also speaks Catalan.[131] In October 2010, Mourinho was ranked No.9 on the list of Most Influential Men published by AskMen.com. In December 2011 he was named 'Rockstar of the Year' by the Spanish Rolling Stone magazine.[132]
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- ^ http://www.rollingstone.es/noticias/view/mourinho-rockstar-de-2011-en-la-portada-de-rolling-stone
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José Mourinho managerial positions
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| Persondata |
| Name |
Félix, José Mário dos Santos Mourinho |
| Alternative names |
Mourinho, José |
| Short description |
Footballer/Manager |
| Date of birth |
26 January 1963 |
| Place of birth |
Setúbal, Portugal |
| Date of death |
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| Place of death |
|
![Messi goals for Barcelona vs AC Milan 4-0 [12_3_2013]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130904052738im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/w1TAw9ViuwM/default.jpg "Messi goals for Barcelona vs AC Milan 4-0 [12_3_2013]")
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