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- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 9103
- author: wta
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Location | Dubai United Arab Emirates |
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Venue | Aviation Club Tennis Centre | |
Surface | Hard / Outdoors | |
Official Website | ||
ATP World Tour | ||
Category | 500 series | |
Draw | 32S / 16Q / 16D | |
Prize Money | US$3,233,000 | |
WTA Tour | ||
Category | Premier | |
Draw | 56M / 32Q / 16D | |
Prize Money | US$3,000,000 |
The Dubai Tennis Championships (also known as the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) (formerly known for sponsorship reasons as the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships and the Dubai Duty Free Men's and Women's Championships) is a professional tennis tournament owned and organized by Dubai Duty Free and held annually in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on outdoor hardcourts. The tournament organizes both a men's and women's event. The tournament takes place under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai.
For five years Swiss Roger Federer, on the men's side, and Belgian Justine Henin, on the women's side, dominated the singles' tournaments. Between 2003 and 2007, Federer and Henin each won the singles title four times. However, in 2008, neither player managed to reach the finals; Andy Roddick and Elena Dementieva became the new champions. Currently, the reigning champions are Roger Federer and Agnieszka Radwańska.
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In February 2009, Israeli player Shahar Pe'er was prevented from playing at the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships, as she was denied a visa by the United Arab Emirates, a country that does not have diplomatic relations with Israel. Tournament director Salah Tahlak said that Pe'er was refused on the grounds that her appearance could incite anger in the Arab country, after she had already faced protests at the ASB Classic over the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict.[1]
A number of top-seeded players, among them Venus Williams,[2] condemned the action to not grant Pe'er a visa. WTA chief executive Larry Scott said the women's tour was "deeply disappointed" by the decision. "Ms Pe'er has earned the right to play in the tournament and it's regrettable that the UAE is denying her this right", he said. "Ms Peer and her family are obviously extremely upset and disappointed by the decision of the UAE and its impact on her personally and professionally." Scott said the WTA would "review appropriate future actions with regard to the future of the Dubai tournament".[3] In reaction to the move, the Tennis Channel decided not to televise the event,[4][5] and The Wall Street Journal dropped its sponsorship.[6] Scott said that he had considered cancelling the tournament, but chose not to after consulting Pe'er.
The rejection of the tennis player's visa application violates WTA rules, which state that no host country should deny a player the right to compete at a tournament for which she has qualified by ranking.[7] The WTA held the tournament accountable in part because of its sponsorship by Dubai Duty Free, a government enterprise, and also because the event was "Under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, vice president and prime minister of the UAE and ruler of Dubai."[8] In response to the refusal of the UAE to issue the visa, the Dubai Tennis Championship was fined a record US$300,000. The fine was appealed by DTC, but the WTA Tour Board rejected the appeal.[9] The tour also demanded that Dubai organizers confirm that qualifying Israeli players will get visas at least eight weeks in advance for the 2010 event.[9] Pe'er was awarded US$44,250, an amount equal to the average prize money she earned per tournament in 2008.[10] A number of highly-ranked tennis players, including 2008 winner Andy Roddick, pulled out of the men's ATP tournament in Dubai in protest. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal also pulled out of the tournament, although they both cited injury as their reason for withdrawal, not the incident involving Pe'er. As a result, the UAE issued Andy Ram a visa for the men's tournament.[8]
Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
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↓ Tier II tournament ↓ | |||
2001 | Martina Hingis | Nathalie Tauziat | 6–4, 6–4 |
2002 | Amélie Mauresmo | Sandrine Testud | 6–4, 7–6(3) |
2003 | Justine Henin-Hardenne | Monica Seles | 4–6, 7–6(4), 7–5 |
2004 | Justine Henin-Hardenne | Svetlana Kuznetsova | 7–6(3), 6–3 |
2005 | Lindsay Davenport | Jelena Janković | 6–4, 3–6, 6–4 |
2006 | Justine Henin-Hardenne | Maria Sharapova | 7–5, 6–2 |
2007 | Justine Henin-Hardenne | Amélie Mauresmo | 6–4, 7–5 |
2008 | Elena Dementieva | Svetlana Kuznetsova | 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 |
↓ Premier 5 tournament ↓ | |||
2009 | Venus Williams | Virginie Razzano | 6–4, 6–2 |
2010 | Venus Williams | Victoria Azarenka | 6–3, 7–5 |
2011 | Caroline Wozniacki | Svetlana Kuznetsova | 6–1, 6–3 |
↓ Premier tournament ↓ | |||
2012 | Agnieszka Radwańska | Julia Görges | 7–5, 6–4 |
Awards and achievements | ||
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Preceded by Kitzbühel |
ATP International Series Tournament of the Year 1997 |
Succeeded by Lyon & Scottsdale |
Preceded by Montréal |
Favorite WTA Tier I - II Tournament 2001, 2002 |
Succeeded by Moscow |
Preceded by Kitzbühel Acapulco |
ATP World Tour 500 Tournament of the Year 2003-2006 2008-present |
Succeeded by Acapulco - |
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Coordinates: 25°14′34.33″N 55°20′33″E / 25.2428694°N 55.3425°E / 25.2428694; 55.3425
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dubai Tennis Championships |
Dubai دبي |
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— Emirate — | |||
Emirate of Dubai | |||
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Coordinates: 25°15′00″N 55°18′00″E / 25.25°N 55.3°E / 25.25; 55.3 | |||
Country | United Arab Emirates | ||
Emirate | Dubai | ||
Incorporated (town) | 9 June 1833 | ||
Independence from UK | 2 December 1971 | ||
Founder | Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||
Seat | Dubai | ||
Subdivisions | |||
Government | |||
• Type | Constitutional monarchy[1] | ||
• Ruler | Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||
• Crown Prince | Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||
Area[2] | |||
• Emirate | 4,114 km2 (1,588 sq mi) | ||
Population (2010) | |||
• Emirate | 2,262,000 | ||
• Density | 408.18/km2 (1,057/sq mi) | ||
• Metro | 3,843,121 | ||
• Nationality (2005)[3] |
35% Indian 17% Emirati 13.3% Pakistani 7.5% Bangladeshi 2.5% Filipino 1.5% Sri Lankan 0.9% European 0.3% American 5.7% other countries |
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Time zone | UAE standard time (UTC+4) | ||
Website | Dubai Emirate Dubai Municipality |
Dubai (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY; Arabic: دبيّ Dubeii; IPA: [du'beii]) is an emirate within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A city within the emirate is also named Dubai. The emirate is located south east of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi.[4] Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.[5] Dubai City is located on the emirate's northern coastline.
The earliest mention of Dubai is in 1095, and the earliest settlement known as Dubai town dates from 1799. Dubai was formally established in 1833 by Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum when he persuaded 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, living in what is now part of Saudi Arabia, to follow him to the Dubai Creek by the Al Abu Falasa clan of Bani Yas. It remained under clan control when the United Kingdom assumed the protection of Dubai in 1892.[6] Its geographical location made it an important trading hub and by the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port.
In 1966, oil was discovered, Dubai and the emirate of Qatar set up a new monetary unit to replace the Gulf Rupee. The oil economy led to a massive influx of foreign workers, quickly expanding the city by 300% and bringing in international oil interests. The modern emirate of Dubai was created after the UK left the area in 1971. At this time Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi and four other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates. The following year Ras al Khaimah joined the federation while Qatar and Bahrain chose to remain independent nations. In 1973, the monetary union with Qatar was dissolved and the UAE Dirham introduced throughout the UAE. A free trade zone was built around the Jebel Ali port in 1979, allowing foreign companies unrestricted import of labor and export capital. The Gulf War of 1990 had a negative financial effect on the city, as depositors withdrew their money and traders withdrew their trade, but subsequently the city recovered in a changing political climate and thrived.
Today, Dubai City has emerged as a global city and a business hub.[7] Although Dubai's economy was built on the oil industry, the emirate's model of business drives its economy, with the effect that its main revenues are now from tourism, real estate, and financial services, similar to that of Western countries.[8][9][10] Dubai has recently attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. This increased attention has highlighted labour rights and human rights issues concerning its largely South Asian workforce.[11] Almost half the population of Dubai comprises Indians. Dubai's property market experienced a major deterioration in 2008 and 2009 as a result of the worldwide economic downturn following the financial crisis of 2007–2010.[12]
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In the 1820s, Dubai was referred to as Al Wasl by British historians. Few records pertaining to the cultural history of the UAE or its constituent emirates exist and because of the region's oral traditions, folklore and myth were not written down. According to Fedel Handhal, a researcher in the history and culture of the UAE, the word Dubai may have come from the word Daba (a derivative of Yadub, which means to creep); referring to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland. The poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it to the same word, but to its alternative of locust.[13]
Although stone tools have been found at many sites, little is known about UAE's early inhabitants as only a few settlements have been found.[14] Many ancient towns in the area were trading centers between the Eastern and Western worlds. The remnants of an ancient mangrove swamp, dated at 7,000 BC, were discovered during the construction of sewer lines near Dubai Internet City. The area was covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coast retreated inland, becoming a part of the city's present coastline.[14] [15] Pre Islamic ceramics have been found from the 3rd and 4th century.[16] Prior to Islam, the people in this region worshiped Bajir (or Bajar).[16] The Byzantine and Sassanian (Persian) empires constituted the great powers of the period, with the Sassanians controlling much of the region. After the spread of Islam in the area, the Umayyad Caliph, of the eastern Islamic world, invaded south-east Arabia and drove out the Sassanians. Excavations by the Dubai Museum in the region of Al-Jumayra (Jumeirah) found several artifacts from the Umayyad period.[17]
The earliest recorded mention of Dubai is in 1095, in the "Book of Geography" by the Andalusian-Arab geographer Abu Abdullah al-Bakri. The Venetian pearl merchant Gaspero Balbi visited the area in 1580 and mentioned Dubai (Dibei) for its pearling industry.[17] Since 1799, there has been a settlement known as Dubai town.[18] In the early 19th century, the Al Abu Falasa clan (House of Al-Falasi) of Bani Yas clan established Dubai, which remained a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833.[19] On 8 January 1820, the sheikh of Dubai and other sheikhs in the region signed the "General Maritime Peace Treaty" with the British government.[14] In 1833, following tribal feuding, the Al Maktoum dynasty (also descendants of the House of Al-Falasi) of the Bani Yas tribe left their ancestral home of the Liwa Oasis, South-west of the settlement of Abu Dhabi and quickly took over Dubai from the Abu Fasala clan without resistance.[19]
Dubai came under the protection of the United Kingdom by the "Exclusive Agreement" of 1892, in which the UK agreed to protect Dubai against the Ottoman Empire.[19] Two catastrophes struck the town during the 1800s. First, in 1841, a smallpox epidemic broke out in the Bur Dubai locality, forcing residents to relocate east to Deira. Then, in 1894, fire swept through Deira, burning down most homes.[20] However, the town's geographical location continued to attract traders and merchants from around the region. The emir of Dubai was keen to attract foreign traders and lowered trade tax brackets, which lured traders away from Sharjah and Bandar Lengeh, the region's main trade hubs at the time. Persian merchants naturally looked across to the Arab shore of the Persian Gulf finally making their homes in Dubai. They continued to trade with Lingah, however, as do many of the dhows in Dubai Creek today, and they named their district Bastakiya, after the Bastak region in southern Persia.[20][21]
Dubai's geographical proximity to Iran made it an important trade location. The town of Dubai was an important port of call for foreign tradesmen, chiefly those from Iran, many of whom eventually settled in the town. By the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port.[18] Dubai was known for its pearl exports until the 1930s; the pearl trade was damaged irreparably by World War I, and later on by the Great Depression in the 1930s. With the collapse of the pearling industry, Dubai fell into a deep depression and many residents starved or migrated to other parts of the Persian Gulf.[14]
In the early days since its inception, Dubai was constantly at odds with Abu Dhabi. In 1947, a border dispute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi on the northern sector of their mutual border, escalated into war.[22] Arbitration by the British and the creation of a buffer frontier running south eastwards from the coast at Ras Hasian resulted in a temporary cessation of hostilities.[23] Electricity, telephone services, and an airport were established in Dubai in the 1950s, when the British moved their local administrative offices there from Sharjah.[24] After years of exploration following large finds in neighbouring Abu Dhabi, oil was eventually discovered in Dubai in 1971, albeit in far smaller quantities, after which the town granted concessions to international oil companies. The discovery of oil led to a massive influx of foreign workers, mainly Indians and Pakistanis. Between 1968 and 1975 the city's population grew by over 300%.[25]
On 2 December 1971 Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates after the former protector, Britain, left the Persian Gulf in 1971.[26] In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates to adopt a uniform currency: the UAE dirham.[18] In the 1970s, Dubai continued to grow from revenues generated from oil and trade, even as the city saw an influx of immigrants fleeing the Lebanese civil war.[27] Border disputes between the emirates continued even after the formation of the UAE; it was only in 1979 that a formal compromise was reached that ended hostilities.[28] The Jebel Ali port was established in 1979. Jafza (Jebel Ali Free Zone) was built around the port in 1985 to provide foreign companies unrestricted import of labour and export capital.[29]
The Gulf War of 1990 had a huge effect on the city. Depositors withdrew massive amounts of money from Dubai banks due to uncertain political conditions in the region. Later in the 1990s many foreign trading communities—first from Kuwait, during the Gulf War, and later from Bahrain, during the Shia unrest—moved their businesses to Dubai.[21] Dubai provided refuelling bases to allied forces at the Jebel Ali free zone during the Gulf War, and again during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Large increases in oil prices after the Gulf War encouraged Dubai to continue to focus on free trade and tourism.[citation needed]
Dubai is situated on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates and is roughly at sea level (16 m/52 ft above). The emirate of Dubai shares borders with Abu Dhabi in the south, Sharjah in the northeast, and the Sultanate of Oman in the southeast. Hatta, a minor exclave of the emirate, is surrounded on three sides by Oman and by the emirates of Ajman (in the west) and Ras Al Khaimah (in the north). The Persian Gulf borders the western coast of the emirate. Dubai is positioned at 25°16′11″N 55°18′34″E / 25.2697°N 55.3095°E / 25.2697; 55.3095 and covers an area of 1,588 sq mi (4,110 km2), which represents a significant expansion beyond its initial 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km2) designation due to land reclamation from the sea.
Dubai lies directly within the Arabian Desert. However, the topography of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai's landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns, while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country.[30] The sand consists mostly of crushed shell and coral and is fine, clean and white. East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plains, known as sabkha, give way to a north-south running line of dunes. Farther east, the dunes grow larger and are tinged red with iron oxide.[25]
The flat sandy desert gives way to the Western Hajar Mountains, which run alongside Dubai's border with Oman at Hatta. The Western Hajar chain has an arid, jagged and shattered landscape, whose mountains rise to about 1,300 meters in some places. Dubai has no natural river bodies or oases; however, Dubai does have a natural inlet, Dubai Creek, which has been dredged to make it deep enough for large vessels to pass through. Dubai also has multiple gorges and waterholes which dot the base of the Western Al Hajar mountains. A vast sea of sand dunes covers much of southern Dubai, and eventually leads into the desert known as The Empty Quarter. Seismically, Dubai is in a very stable zone—the nearest seismic fault line, the Zagros Fault, is 200 km (124.27 mi) from the UAE and is unlikely to have any seismic impact on Dubai.[31] Experts also predict that the possibility of a tsunami in the region is minimal because the Persian Gulf waters are not deep enough to trigger a tsunami.[31]
The sandy desert surrounding the city supports wild grasses and occasional date palms. Desert hyacinths grow in the sabkha plains east of the city, while acacia and ghaf trees grow in the flat plains within the proximity of the Western Al Hajar mountains. Several indigenous trees such as the date palm and neem as well as imported trees like the eucalypts grow in Dubai's natural parks. The houbara bustard, striped hyena, caracal, desert fox, falcon and Arabian oryx are common in Dubai's desert. Dubai is on the migration path between Europe, Asia and Africa, and more than 320 migratory bird species pass through the emirate in spring and autumn. The waters of Dubai are home to more than 300 species of fish, including the hammour. The typical marine life off the Dubai coast includes tropical Fish, jellyfish, coral, dugong, dolphins, whales and sharks. Various types of turtles can also be found in the area including the Hawksbill turtle and Green Turtle which are listed as endangered species.[32][33]
Dubai Creek runs northeast-southwest through the city. The eastern section of the city forms the locality of Deira and is flanked by the emirate of Sharjah in the east and the town of Al Aweer in the south. The Dubai International Airport is located south of Deira, while the Palm Deira is located north of Deira in the Persian Gulf. Much of Dubai's real-estate boom is concentrated to the west of the Dubai Creek, on the Jumeirah coastal belt. Port Rashid, Jebel Ali, Burj Al Arab, the Palm Jumeirah and theme-based free-zone clusters such as Business Bay are all located in this section.
Dubai has a very hot arid climate. Summers in Dubai are extremely hot, windy and humid, with an average high around 42 °C (108 °F) and overnight lows around 29 °C (84 °F). Most days are sunny throughout the year. Winters are warm with an average high of 23 °C (73 °F) and overnight lows of 14 °C (57 °F). Precipitation, however, has been increasing in the last few decades with accumulated rain reaching 250 mm (9.84 in) per year.[34] Dubai summers are also known for the high humidity level, which can make it uncomfortable for many.[35]
Climate data for Dubai | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 31 (88) |
31 (88) |
41 (106) |
41 (106) |
45 (113) |
45 (113) |
47 (117) |
48 (118) |
43 (109) |
40 (104) |
41 (106) |
31 (88) |
48 (118) |
Average high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
37.6 (99.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.3 (106.3) |
38.9 (102.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
33.4 (92.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 19 (66) |
20 (68) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26 (79) |
30.5 (86.9) |
33 (91) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
29 (84) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21 (70) |
27.5 (81.5) |
Average low °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.2 (81.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
7 (45) |
11 (52) |
8 (46) |
17 (63) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
22 (72) |
16 (61) |
13 (55) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 15.6 (0.614) |
25.0 (0.984) |
21.0 (0.827) |
7.0 (0.276) |
0.4 (0.016) |
0.0 (0) |
0.8 (0.031) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
1.2 (0.047) |
2.7 (0.106) |
14.9 (0.587) |
88.6 (3.488) |
Avg. precipitation days | 5 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 28 |
Source no. 1: Dubai Meteorological Office[36] | |||||||||||||
Source no. 2: Qwikcast [37] |
Dubai's government operates within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, and has been ruled by the Al Maktoum family since 1833. The current ruler, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is also the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and member of the Supreme Council of the Union (SCU). Dubai appoints eight members in two-term periods to the Federal National Council (FNC) of the UAE, the supreme federal legislative body.[38]
The Dubai Municipality (DM) was established by the then ruler of Dubai, Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum in 1954 for purposes of city planning, citizen services and upkeep of local facilities.[39] DM is chaired by Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, deputy ruler of Dubai and comprises several departments such as the Roads Department, Planning and Survey Department, Environment and Public Health Department and Financial Affairs Department. In 2001, Dubai Municipality embarked on an e-Government project with the intention of providing 40 of its city services through its web portal, dubai.ae. Thirteen such services were launched by October 2001, while several other services were expected to be operational in the future.[40] Dubai Municipality is also in charge of the city's sanitation and sewage infrastructure.[41]
The Dubai Police Force, founded in 1956 in the locality of Naif, has law enforcement jurisdiction over the emirate; the force is under direct command of Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai.
Dubai and Ras al Khaimah are the only emirates that do not conform to the federal judicial system of the United Arab Emirates.[42] The emirate's judicial courts comprise the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. The Court of First Instance consists of the Civil court, which hears all civil claims; the Criminal Court, which hears claims originating from police complaints; and Sharia Court, which is responsible for matters between Muslims. Non-Muslims do not appear before the Sharia Court. The Court of Cassation is the supreme court of the emirate and hears disputes on matters of law only.[43]
Article 25 of the Constitution of the UAE provides for the equitable treatment of persons with regard to race, nationality, religious beliefs or social status. However, several foreign laborers in Dubai live in conditions described by Human Rights Watch as being "less than human."[44][45][46] NPR reports that workers "typically live eight to a room, sending home a portion of their salary to their families, whom they don't see for years at a time." On 21 March 2006, workers at the construction site of Burj Khalifa, upset over bus timings and working conditions, rioted, damaging cars, offices, computers, and construction tools.[47][48][49][50] The global financial crisis has caused the working class of Dubai to be affected especially badly, with many workers not being paid but also being unable to leave the country.[51]
In recent years the United Arab Emirates has adopted an anti-semitic policy toward Jewish academics and authors from other countries who come to visit it. However, more recently, the UAE has invited representatives of important Jewish American organizations probably as a sign of rapprochement mostly due to fears of a common threat from Iran.
Alleged labour injustices in Dubai have attracted the attention of various human rights groups, which have tried to persuade the government to become a signatory to two of the International Labour Organization's eight core conventions, which allows for the formation of labour unions. The Dubai government, however, denied any kind of labour injustices and stated that the watchdog's accusations were misguided.[52] Towards the end of March 2006, the government announced steps to allow construction unions. UAE labour minister Ali al-Kaabi said: "Labourers will be allowed to form unions".[53]
Prostitution, although illegal, exists in Dubai. Research conducted by the American Center for International Policy Studies (AMCIPS) found that Russian and Ethiopian women are the most common prostitutes, as well as women from other African countries, while Indian prostitutes are part of a well organised trans-Oceanic prostitution network.[54] A 2007 PBS documentary entitled Dubai: Night Secrets reported that prostitution in clubs is tolerated by authorities and many foreign women work there by choice.[54][55]
Year | Population |
18221 | 1,200[56] |
19001 | 10,000[57] |
19301 | 20,000[58] |
19401 | 38,000[56] |
19541 | 20,000[56] |
19601 | 40,000[59] |
1968 | 58,971[60] |
1975 | 183,000[61] |
1985 | 370,800[62] |
1995 | 674,000[62] |
2005 | 1,204,000 |
1 The town of Dubai first conducted a census in 1968. All population figures in this table prior to 1968 are estimates obtained from various sources. |
According to the census conducted by the Statistics Centre of Dubai, the population of the emirate was 1,771,000 as of 2009, which included 1,370,000 males and 401,000 females.[63] The region covers 497.1 square miles (1,287.4 km²). The population density is 408.18/km² – more than eight times that of the entire country. Dubai is the second most expensive city in the region, and 20th most expensive city in the world.[64]
As of 2005, 17% of the population of the emirate was made up of UAE nationals. Approximately 85% of the expatriate population (and 71% of the emirate's total population) was Asian, chiefly Indian (51%), Pakistani (16%), Bangladeshi (9%) and Filipino (3%) and a sizeable community of Somalis numbering around 30,000.[3][65] A quarter of the population however reportedly traces their origins to Iran.[66] In addition, 16% of the population (or 288,000 persons) living in collective labour accommodation were not identified by ethnicity or nationality, but were thought to be primarily Asian.[67] The median age in the emirate was about 27 years. The crude birth rate, as of 2005, was 13.6%, while the crude death rate was about 1%.[68] The other languages spoken are Urdu, [Hindi language|Hindi]], Bengali, Pashto, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Tagalog and Chinese, in addition to many other languages.[69]
Article 7 of the UAE's Provisional Constitution declares Islam the official state religion of the UAE. The government subsidises almost 95% of mosques and employs all Imams; approximately 5% of mosques are entirely private, and several large mosques have large private endowments.[70]
Dubai also has large Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Bahá'í, Buddhist and other religious communities residing in the city.[71] Non-Muslim groups can own their own houses of worship, where they can practice their religion freely, by requesting a land grant and permission to build a compound. Groups that do not have their own buildings must use the facilities of other religious organisations or worship in private homes.[72] Non-Muslim religious groups are permitted to openly advertise group functions; however, proselytising or distributing religious literature is strictly prohibited under penalty of criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and deportation for engaging in behaviour offensive to Islam.[70]
Dubai's gross domestic product as of 2008 was US $82.11 billion.[73] Although Dubai's economy was built on the back of the oil industry,[74] revenues from oil and natural gas currently account for less than 6% of the emirate's revenues.[8] It is estimated that Dubai produces 50,000 to 70,000 barrels (11,000 m3) of oil a day[75] and substantial quantities of gas from offshore fields. The emirate's share in UAE's gas revenues is about 2%. Dubai's oil reserves have diminished significantly and are expected to be exhausted in 20 years.[76] Real estate and construction (22.6%),[10] trade (16%), entrepôt (15%) and financial services (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy.[77] Dubai's top exporting destinations include India (US$ 5.8 billion), Switzerland (US$ 2.37 billion) and Saudi Arabia (US$ 0.57 billion). Dubai's top re-exporting destinations include India (US$ 6.53 billion), Iran (US$ 5.8 billion) and Iraq (US$ 2.8 billion). The emirate's top import sources are India (US$ 12.55 billion), China (US$ 11.52 billion) and the United States (US$ 7.57 billion). As of 2009 India was Dubai's largest trade partner.[78]
Historically, Dubai and its twin across the Dubai creek, Deira (independent of Dubai City at that time), were important ports of call for Western manufacturers. Most of the new city's banking and financial centres were headquartered in the port area. Dubai maintained its importance as a trade route through the 1970s and 1980s. Dubai has a free trade in gold and, until the 1990s, was the hub of a "brisk smuggling trade"[18] of gold ingots to India, where gold import was restricted. Dubai's Jebel Ali port, constructed in the 1970s, has the largest man-made harbour in the world and was ranked seventh globally for the volume of container traffic it supports.[79] Dubai is also a hub for service industries such as information technology and finance, with industry-specific free zones throughout the city. Dubai Internet City, combined with Dubai Media City as part of TECOM (Dubai Technology, Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority) is one such enclave whose members include IT firms such as EMC Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Microsoft, and IBM, and media organisations such as MBC, CNN, BBC, Reuters, Sky News and AP.
The government's decision to diversify from a trade-based, oil-reliant economy to one that is service and tourism-oriented made property more valuable, resulting in the property appreciation from 2004–2006. A longer-term assessment of Dubai's property market, however, showed depreciation; some properties lost as much as 64% of their value from 2001 to November 2008.[80] The large scale real estate development projects have led to the construction of some of the tallest skyscrapers and largest projects in the world such as the Emirates Towers, the Burj Khalifa, the Palm Islands and the world's fourth tallest, and most expensive hotel, the Burj Al Arab.[81] The Dubai Financial Market (DFM) was established in March 2000 as a secondary market for trading securities and bonds, both local and foreign. As of fourth quarter 2006, its trading volume stood at about 400 billion shares, worth $95 billion in total. The DFM had a market capitalisation of about $87 billion.[67]
Dubai's property market experienced a major downturn in 2008[82] and 2009 as a result of the slowing economic climate.[12] Mohammed al-Abbar, Chief Executive Officer of Emaar told the international press in December 2008 that Emaar had credits of $70 billion and the state of Dubai additional $10 billion while holding estimated $350 billion in real estate assets. By early 2009, the situation had worsened with the global economic crisis taking a heavy toll on property values, construction and employment.[83] This has had a major impact on property investors in the region, some of whom are unable to release funds from investments made in property developments.[84] One such example of this is the Vue De Lac development, which was featured in a British ITV1 documentary Homes from Hell in 2010. As of February 2009 Dubai's foreign debt was estimated at approximately $80 billion, although this is a tiny fraction of the sovereign debt worldwide.[85]
Dubai is also known as City of Gold, a major part of economy based on Gold trades in Dubai, Dubai's total gold trading volumes in H1 2011 reached 580 tonnes (average price US$1,455)[86]
A City Mayors survey rated Dubai as 44th among the world's best financial cities in 2007,[87] while another report by City Mayors indicated that Dubai was the world's 33rd richest city in 2009, in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).[88] Dubai is also an international financial centre and has been ranked 37th within the top 50 global financial cities as surveyed by the Mastercard Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index (2007),[89] and 1st within the Middle East.
Tourism is an important part of the Dubai government's strategy to maintain the flow of foreign cash into the emirate. Dubai's lure for tourists is based mainly on shopping[93] , but also on its possession of other ancient and modern attractions. As of 2010[update], Dubai was the 8th most visited city of the world.[94] Dubai is expected to accommodate over 15 million tourists by 2015.[95] Dubai is the most populous emirate of the seven emirates of United Arab Emirates. It is distinct from other members of the UAE in that a large part of the emirate's revenues are from tourism.[96]
Dubai has been called the "shopping capital of the Middle East".[97] Dubai alone has more than 70 shopping malls, including the world's largest shopping mall, Dubai Mall. The city draws large numbers of shopping tourists from countries within the region and from as far as Eastern Europe, Africa and the Indian Subcontinent. While boutiques, some electronics shops, department stores and supermarkets operate on a fixed-price basis, most other outlets consider friendly negotiation a way of life.[98]
Dubai is also known for its souk districts located on either side of the creek. Traditionally, dhows from the Far East, China, Sri Lanka, and India would discharge their cargo and the goods would be bargained over in the souks adjacent to the docks.[99] Many boutiques and jewellery stores are also found in the city. Dubai is known as "the City of Gold" and Gold Souk in Deira houses nearly 250 gold retail shops.[100] Dubai Duty Free Company at the Dubai International Airport offers merchandise catering to the multinational passengers using the airport.
Dubai has a rich collection of buildings and structures of various architectural styles. Many modern interpretations of Islamic architecture can be found here, due to a boom in construction and architectural innovation in the Arab World in general, and in Dubai in particular, supported not only by top Arab or international architectural and engineering design firms such as Al Hashemi and Aedas, but also by top firms of New York and Chicago.[101] As a result of this boom, modern Islamic – and world – architecture has literally been taken to new levels in skyscraper building design and technology. Dubai now boasts more completed or topped-out skyscrapers higher than 2/3 km, 1/3 km, or 1/4 km than any other city. A culmination point was reached in 2010 with the completion of the Burj Khalifa (Khalifa Tower), now by far the world's tallest building at 829.84 m (2,722.57 ft). The Burj Khalifa's design is derived from the patterning systems embodied in Islamic architecture, with the triple-lobed footprint of the building based on an abstracted version of the desert flower hymenocallis which is native to the Dubai region.[102] The completion of the Khalifa Tower, following the construction boom that began in the 1980s, accelerated in the 1990s, and took on a rapid pace of construction unparalled in modern human history during the decade of the 2000s, leaves Dubai with the world's tallest skyline as of 4 January 2010.[103][104]
The Burj Al Arab (Arabic: برج العرب, Tower of the Arabs) is a 7 star luxury hotel. It is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and managed by the Jumeirah Group and built by Said Khalil. Its construction started in 1994 and ended in 1999. It was designed by Tom Wright of WS Atkins PLC. The hotel cost $650,000,000 to build. At 321 metres (1,053 ft) and 60 floors, it was the tallest building used exclusively as a hotel until being succeeded by Rose Rayhaan by Rotana in 23 December 2009, again in Dubai. The Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 metres (919 ft) out from Jumeirah beach, and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. It is an iconic structure, designed to symbolize Dubai's urban transformation and to mimic the sail of a boat.
Burj Al Arab characterizes itself as the world's only "7-star" property, a designation considered by travel professionals to be hyperbole. All major travel guides and hotel rating systems have a 5-star maximum, which some hotels attempt to out-do by ascribing themselves "6-star" status. Yet according to the Burj Al Arab's official site, the hotel is a "5-star deluxe hotel".
The Burj Al Arab was built to resemble the sail of a Dhow, a type of Arabian vessel. Its design features a steel exoskeleton wrapped around a reinforced concrete tower. Two wings spread in a V to form a vast mast, while the space between them is enclosed in a massive atrium by a teflon-coated fibreglass sail. During the day, the white fabric allows a soft, milky light inside the hotel, whereas a clear, glass front would produce blinding amounts of glare and a constantly increasing temperature. At night, both inside and outside, the fabric is lit by colour changing lights. Near the top of the building is a suspended helipad supported by a cantilever which has featured some of the hotel's notable publicity events.
The hotel's interior was designed by Kunan Chew. It features the tallest atrium lobby in the world at 180 metres. It is formed by the building's V-shaped span, dominates the interior of the hotel, and takes up over 1/3 of the interior space. Despite its size, the Burj Al Arab holds only 28 double-story floors which accommodate 202 bedroom suites. It is one of the most expensive hotels in the world. The cost of staying at a suite begins at $1,000 per night. The Royal Suite is the most expensive, at $28,000 per night.
One of its restaurants, Al Muntaha, is located 200 metres above the Persian Gulf, offering a view of Dubai. It is supported by a full cantilever that extends 27 metres from either side of the mast, and is accessed by a panoramic elevator. Another restaurant, the Al Mahara, which is accessed by a simulated submarine voyage, features a large seawater aquarium, holding roughly 35,000 cubic feet (990 m3) of water. The tank, made of acrylic glass in order to withstand the water pressure, is about 18 centimetres thick.
Currently, human waste is collected daily from thousands of septic tanks across the city and driven by tankers to the city's only sewage treatment plant at Al-Awir. Dubai's rapid growth means that it is stretching its sewage treatment infrastructure to its limits. Because of the long queues and delays, some tanker drivers resort to illegally dumping the effluent into storm drains or behind dunes in the desert. Sewage dumped into storm drains flows directly into the Persian Gulf, near the city's prime swimming beaches. Doctors have warned that tourists using the beaches run the risk of contracting serious illnesses like typhoid and hepatitis.[105] Dubai municipality says that it is committed to catching the culprits and has imposed fines of up to $25,000 and threatened to confiscate tankers if dumping persists. The municipality maintains that test results show samples of the water are "within the standards".[106]
Transport in Dubai is controlled by the Roads and Transport authority. The public transport network faces huge congestion and reliability issues which a large investment programme is attempting to address, including over AED 70 billion of improvements planned for completion by 2020, when the population of the city is projected to exceed 3.5 million.[109] In 2009, according to Dubai Municipality statistics, there were an estimated 1,021,880 cars in Dubai.[110] In January 2010, the number of Dubai residents who use public transport stood at 6%.[111] Although the government has invested heavily in the Dubai's road infrastructure, this has not kept pace with the increasing number of vehicles. This, coupled with the induced traffic phenomenon, has led to growing problems of congestion.[112]
Five main routes – E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road), E 311 (Emirates Road), E 44 (Dubai-Hatta Highway), E 77 (Dubai-Al Habab Road) and E 66 (Oud Metha Road) – run through Dubai, connecting the city to other towns and emirates. Additionally, several important intra-city routes, such as D 89 (Al Maktoum Road/Airport Road), D 85 (Baniyas Road), D 75 (Sheikh Rashid Road), D 73 (Al Dhiyafa Road), D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and D 92 (Al Khaleej/Al Wasl Road) connect the various localities in the city. The eastern and western sections of the city are connected by Al Maktoum Bridge, Al Garhoud Bridge, Al Shindagha Tunnel, Business Bay Crossing and Floating Bridge.[113]
The Public Bus Transport system in Dubai is run by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). The bus system services 140 routes and transported over 109 million people in 2008. By the end of 2010, there will be 2,100 buses in service across the city.[114] In 2006, the Transport authority announced the construction of 500 air-conditioned (A/C) Passenger Bus Shelters, and planned for 1,000 more across the emirates in a move to encourage the use of public buses.[115]
Dubai also has an extensive taxi system, by far the most frequently used means of public transport within the Emirate.[116][unreliable source?] Dubai Taxi Corporation operates the taxi services as part of the Roads & Transport Authority. There are both government-operated and private cab companies. The DTC taxis are easily identifiable with their cream color.[117] There are more than 3000 taxis operating within the emirate. Taxi cabs in Dubai make an average of 192,000 trips every day, lifting about 385,000 persons. In 2009 taxi trips exceeded 70 million trips serving around 140.45 million passengers.[118][119]
Dubai International Airport (IATA: DXB), the hub for the Emirates Airline, serves the city of Dubai and other emirates in the country. The airport was the 15th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic handling 40.9 million passengers in 2009. The airport was also the 6th busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic.[120] In addition to being an important passenger traffic hub, the airport is the 7th busiest cargo airport in world, handling 1.927 million tonnes of cargo in 2009, a 5.6% increase compared to 2008[121] and was also the 4th busiest International freight traffic airport in world.[122] Emirates Airline is the national airline of Dubai. As of 2009, it operated internationally serving 101 destinations in 61 countries across six continents.[123]
The development of Al Maktoum International Airport (IATA: DWC) was announced in 2004. The first phase of the airport, featuring one A380 capable runway, 64 remote stands, one cargo terminal with annual capacity for 250,000 tonnes of cargo and a passenger terminal building designed to accommodate five million passengers per year, has been opened.[124] When completed, Dubai World Central-Al Maktoum International will be the largest airport in the world with five runways, four terminal buildings and capacity for 160 million passengers and 12 million tons of cargo.[125]
A $3.89 billion Dubai Metro project is currently operational. It currently consists of two lines (Red line and Green line) which run through the major financial and residential areas of the city. The Metro system was partially opened on September 2009.[126] UK-based international service company Serco Group is responsible for operating the metro. Dubai Metro is the world's second cheapest metro transportation system after Tehran Metro in Iran.[127] The metro comprises the Green Line from Al Rashidiya to the main city center and the Red Line from the airport to Jebel Ali. A Blue and a Purple Line have also been planned. As of 2005, the Dubai Metro (Green and Blue Lines) will have 70 km (43.5 mi) of track and 43 stations, 37 above ground and ten underground.[128] The Dubai Metro is the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula.[108]
The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah. It connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a planned further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro.[129] The line opened on 30 April 2009.[130] Two trams systems are expected to be built in Dubai by 2011. The first is the Downtown Burj Khalifa Tram System and the second is the Al Sufouh Tram. The Downtown Burj Khalifa Tram System is a 4.6 km (2.86 mi) tram service that is planned to service the area around the Burj Khalifa, and the second tram will run 14.5 km (9 mi) along Al Sufouh Road from Dubai Marina to the Burj Al Arab and the Mall of the Emirates.
Dubai has announced it will complete a link of the UAE high speed rail system which will eventually hook up with the whole GCC and then possibly Europe. The High Speed Rail will serve passengers and cargo.[131][132]
There are two major commercial ports in Dubai, Port Rashid and Port Jebel Ali. Port Jebel Ali is the world's largest man-made harbour, the biggest port in the Middle East,[133] and the 7th-busiest port in the world.[79] One of the more traditional methods of getting across Bur Dubai to Deira is by abras, small boats that ferry passengers across the Dubai Creek, between abra stations in Bastakiya and Baniyas Road.[134] The Marine Transport Agency has also implemented the Dubai Water Bus System. Water bus is a fully air conditioned boat service across selected destinations across the creek. One can also avail oneself of the tourist water bus facility in Dubai. Latest addition to the water transport system is the Water Taxi.[135]
The UAE culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam and traditional Arab and Bedouin culture. In contrast, the city of Dubai is a highly cosmopolitan society with a diverse and vibrant culture. The influence of Islamic and Arab culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country. Since 2006, the weekend has been Friday-Saturday, as a compromise between Friday's holiness to Muslims and the Western weekend of Saturday-Sunday.[136]
In 2005, 84% of the population of metropolitan Dubai was foreign-born, about half of them from India.[65] The city's cultural imprint as a small, ethnically homogenous pearling community was changed with the arrival of other ethnic groups and nationals—first by the Iranians in the early 1900s, and later by Indians and Pakistanis in the 1960s.
Major holidays in Dubai include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and National Day (2 December ), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates. Annual entertainment events such as the Dubai Shopping Festival[137] (DSF) and Dubai Summer Surprises (DSS) attract over 4 million visitors from across the region and generate revenues in excess of $2.7 billion.[138][139] Large shopping malls in the city, such as Deira City Centre, Mirdiff City Centre, BurJuman, Mall of the Emirates, Dubai Mall and Ibn Battuta Mall as well as traditional souks attract shoppers from the region.
Arabic food is very popular and is available everywhere in the city, from the small shawarma diners in Deira and Al Karama to the restaurants in Dubai's hotels. Fast food, South Asian, and Chinese cuisines are also very popular and are widely available. The sale and consumption of pork, though not illegal, is regulated and is sold only to non-Muslims, in designated areas of supermarkets and airports.[140] Similarly, the sale of alcoholic beverages is regulated. A liquor permit is required to purchase alcohol; however, alcohol is available in bars and restaurants within hotels.[141] Shisha and qahwa boutiques are also popular in Dubai. Dubai is known for its nightlife. Clubs and bars are found mostly in hotels due to the liquor laws. The New York Times described Dubai as "the kind of city where you might run into Michael Jordan at the Buddha Bar or stumble across Naomi Campbell celebrating her birthday with a multiday bash".[142]
The Islamic dress code is not compulsory. Most Emirati males prefer to wear a kandura, an ankle-length white shirt woven from wool or cotton, and most Emirati women wear an abaya, a black over-garment covering most parts of the body.[143] This attire is particularly well-suited for the UAE's hot and dry climate[citation needed]. Western-style clothing is, however, dominant because of the large expatriate population, and this practice is beginning to grow in popularity among Emiratis.
Prohibitions on "indecent clothing" is an aspect of the UAE to which visitors are expected to conform. Recently, many expatriates have disregarded the law and been arrested for indecent clothing, or lack thereof, at beaches.[144] Western-style dress is tolerated in places such as bars or clubs, but the UAE has enforced anti-indecency prohibitions in other public spaces.
The United Arab Emirates is a part of the khaliji tradition, and is also known for Bedouin folk music.[145] During celebrations singing and dancing also take place and many of the traditional songs and dances have survived to the present time. Yowalah is the traditional dance of the UAE. Young girls would dance by swinging their long black hair and swaying their bodies in time to the strong beat of the music. Men would re-enact battles fought or successful hunting expeditions, often symbolically using sticks, swords or rifles.[146]
Hollywood and Indian movies are popular in Dubai. Since 2004, the city has hosted the annual Dubai International Film Festival which serves as a showcase for Arab film making talent.[147] Musicians Amr Diab, Diana Haddad, Tarkan, Aerosmith, Santana, Mark Knopfler, Elton John, Pink, Shakira, Celine Dion, Coldplay, Keane, Phil Collins, Kavita Krishnamurthy, A R Rahman, Roxette[148] have performed in the city.[141] Kylie Minogue was reportedly paid $3.5 million to perform at the opening of the Atlantis resort on 20 November 2008.[149] The Dubai Desert Rock Festival is also another major festival consisting of heavy metal and rock artists.
Football and cricket are the most popular sports in Dubai. five teams (Al Wasl FC, Al-Ahli Dubai, Al Nasr SC, Al Shabab Al Arabi Club and Dubai Club) represent Dubai in UAE Pro-League.[141] Al-Wasl have the second-most number of championships in the UAE League, after Al Ain. Gulf News 18 April 2009</ref> Dubai also hosts both the annual Dubai Tennis Championships and The Legends Rock Dubai tennis tournaments, as well as the Dubai Desert Classic golf tournament and the Dubai World Championship, all of which attract sports stars from around the world. The Dubai World Cup, a thoroughbred horse race, is held annually at the Meydan Racecourse. Dubai also hosts the traditional rugby union tournament Dubai Sevens, part of the Sevens World Series. In 2009, Dubai hosted the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Auto racing is also a big sport in Dubai, the Dubai Autodrome is home to many auto racing events throughout the year.
Cricket is followed by Dubai's lare community of Indians and the residents from other cricket playing nations (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, England, Australia and South Africa). In 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC) moved its headquarters from London to Dubai. The city has hosted several Pakistan matches and two new grass grounds are being developed in Dubai Sports City.[150]
Dubai had expressed great interest in a 2020 Olympic bid but had not formally announced it would bid. Dubai's hosting of Sportaccord 2010 has been a great way to show off Dubai's sport infrastructure. Dubai has already won the rights to host the 10th FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m).[151] Statement from Dubai's ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum: "We will have to take an honest look at our weaknesses as well as our strengths," Sheikh Mohammed said on 25 April. "I can assure you of this, though: if we decide to make a bid for the Olympics, we will be in it to win".[152] On 29 July 2011, it was announced that Dubai would not bid for the 2020 Olympics but would instead focus on bidding for the 2024 Games (similar to Toronto).[153] As reported by Olympic news outlet Around the Rings, the United Arab Emirates Olympic Committee shifted the focus to 2024, event though "...as much of 70 percent of the 'hard' infrastructure was already in place or planned." Dubai is also looking into the possibility of bidding for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.[154]
The school system in Dubai follows that of the United Arab Emirates. As of 2009, there are 79 public schools run by the Ministry of Education that serve Emiratis and expatriate Arab people as well as 145 private schools.[63] The medium of instruction in public schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a second language, while most of the private schools use English as their medium of instruction. Most private schools cater to one or more expatriate communities.
The New Indian Model School, Dubai (NIMS), Delhi Private School, Our Own English High School, the Dubai Modern High School, and The Indian High School, Dubai offer either a CBSE or an Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Indian syllabus. Similarly, there are also several reputable Pakistani schools offering FBISE curriculum for expatriate children.[155]
Dubai English Speaking School, Jumeirah Primary School, Jebel Ali Primary School, Cambridge International School, Jumeirah English Speaking School, King's School and the Horizon School all offer British primary education up to the age of eleven. Dubai Gem Private School, Dubai British School, Dubai College, English College Dubai, Jumeirah English Speaking School – Arabian Ranches, Jumeirah College and St. Mary's Catholic High School are British eleven-to-eighteen secondary schools offering General Certificate of Secondary Education and A-Levels. Emirates International School, Cambridge High School and Wellington International School provides full student education up to the age of 18, and offers International General Certificate of Secondary Education and A-Levels. Deira International School, Dubai International Academy and Jumeirah English Speaking School offer the International Baccalaureate program with the IGCSE program. Dubai American Academy, American School of Dubai and the Universal American School of Dubai offer curriculum of the United States.[155]
The Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates is responsible for accreditation of schools.
The Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) was established in 2006 to develop education and human resource sectors in Dubai, and license educational institutes.[156]
Approximately 10% of the population has university or postgraduate degrees. Many expatriates tend to send their children back to their home country or to Western countries for university education and to India for technology studies. However, a sizeable number of foreign accredited universities have been set up in the city over the last ten years. Some of these universities include Manchester Business School,[157] RIT Dubai, Michigan State University Dubai (MSU Dubai),[158] Middlesex University Dubai campus,[159] the Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – Dubai (BITS Pilani), Murdoch University Dubai, Heriot-Watt University Dubai, Hult International Business School, American University in Dubai (AUD), Gulf Medical University Gulf Medical College,european university college(nicolas and asp postgraduate dental college) , the American College of Dubai, Mahatma Gandhi University (Off-Campus Centre), Institute of Management Technology – Dubai Campus, SP Jain Center Of Management, University of Wollongong in Dubai, University of Waterloo - UAE Campus, and MAHE Manipal. In 2004, the Dubai School of Government in collaboration with Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and Harvard Medical School Dubai Center (HMSDC) were established in Dubai. In 2010 London College of Fashion began to run its twice-yearly portfolio of fashion short courses. The Dubai Public Libraries is the public library system in Dubai.[160]
Dubai has a well-established network, radio, television and electronic media which serve the city. Dubai is the home of the Arabian Radio Network, which broadcasts eight FM radio stations including the first talk radio station in the Middle East, Dubai Eye 103.8. Dubai-based FM radio stations such as Radio 1 and Radio 2 (104.1 and 99.3), Dubai92 (92.0), Al Khaleejia (100.9) and Hit FM (96.7) provide programming in English, Arabic and South Asian languages. Multiple international channels available through cable, while satellite, radio and local channels are provided via the Arabian Radio Network and Dubai Media Incorporated systems. The UAE's most popular English radio station, Channel 4 FM, took to the air in 1997 and became the UAE's first private commercial radio station.
Many international news agencies such as Reuters, APTN, Bloomberg L.P. and Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) as well as network news channels operate in Dubai Media City and Dubai Internet City. Additionally, several local network television channels such as Dubai One (formerly Channel 33), and Dubai TV (EDTV) provide programming in English and Arabic respectively. Dubai is also the headquarters for several print media outlets. Dar Al Khaleej, Al Bayan and Al Ittihad are the city's largest circulating Arabic language newspapers,[161] while Gulf News and 7DAYS are the largest circulating English newspapers.[162]
Etisalat, the government-owned telecommunications provider, held a virtual monopoly over telecommunication services in Dubai prior to the establishment of other, smaller telecommunications companies such as Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC—better known as Du) in 2006. Internet was introduced into the UAE (and therefore Dubai) in 1995. The current network has an Internet bandwidth of 7.5 Gbit/s with capacity of 49 STM1 links.[163] Dubai houses two of four Domain Name System (DNS) data centres in the country (DXBNIC1, DXBNIC2).[164] Censorship is common in Dubai and used by the government to control content that it believes violates the cultural and political sensitivities of Emirates.[165] Homosexuality, drugs, and the theory of evolution are generally considered taboo.[141][166]
Internet content is regulated in Dubai. Etisalat uses a proxy server to filter Internet content that the government deems to be inconsistent with the values of the country, such as sites that provide information on how to bypass the proxy; sites pertaining to dating, gay and lesbian networks, and pornography; sites pertaining to the Bahá'í Faith and sites originating from Israel.[167] Emirates Media and Internet (a division of Etisalat) notes that as of 2002, 76% of Internet users are male. About 60% of Internet users were Asian, while 25% of users were Arab. Dubai enacted an Electronic Transactions and Commerce Law in 2002 which deals with digital signatures and electronic registers. It prohibits Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from disclosing information gathered in providing services.[168] The penal code contains official provisions that prohibit digital access to pornography; however, it does not address cyber crime or data protection.[169]
Dubai is twinned with the following cities:[170][171]
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Dubai Marina at night
Aerial view of the Jumeirah Beach Hotel
Jumeirah Islands as seen from Almas Tower
Deira by night
Dubai Media City on 1 May 2007
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File:S Errani.jpeg Sara Errani in 2012 |
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Country | Italy |
---|---|
Residence | Bologna, Italy |
Born | (1987-04-29) April 29, 1987 (age 25) Bologna, Italy |
Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) |
Weight | 60 kg (130 lb) |
Turned pro | 2002 |
Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
Career prize money | $2,488,393 |
Singles | |
Career record | 298–217 |
Career titles | 5 WTA, 2 ITF |
Highest ranking | No. 23 (May 21, 2012) |
Current ranking | No. 24 (May 28, 2012) |
Grand Slam Singles results | |
Australian Open | QF (2012) |
French Open | 4R (2012) |
Wimbledon | 3R (2010) |
US Open | 3R (2009, 2010) |
Doubles | |
Career record | 188–129 |
Career titles | 13 WTA, 6 ITF |
Highest ranking | No. 8 (May 14, 2012) |
Current ranking | No. 8 (May 28, 2012) |
Last updated on: May 28, 2012. |
Sara Errani (born April 29, 1987 in Bologna, Italy), nicknamed "Poco Gigante", is a professional female tennis player from Italy. On May 21, 2012, she reached a new career-high of no. 23 on the Tour rankings. On May 14, 2012, Errani became a top 10 doubles player and had a career high rank of World No. 8. She won five WTA titles in her career, and also has two ITF Titles.
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At age 12 her father sent her to the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy in Florida. At 16 she moved to Valencia, in Spain, to be coached by Pablo Lozano and David Andres.[1]
Errani competed in her first event at the $10,000 Cagliari event in her native country of Italy in 2002 where she lost to Sun Tiantian 6–1, 6–0. She continued to compete in the ITF, where her best performance of the year was a semifinal appearance in $10,000 Zaton. She continued to participate mainly on the ITF, where she won her first tournament 6–1, 6–4 over Lucia Jiminez in Melilla, Italy 2005.
Her first WTA title of her career was in the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo, where she defeated Mariya Koryttseva. On July 27, 2008, she captured her second career title in two weeks defeating Anabel Medina Garrigues, 6–3, 6–3. She has also won six doubles WTA titles.
In 2009, Errani was the runner-up at two WTA tournaments: in Palermo and Portoroz, as the defending champion in both.
With Italy, she won the Fed Cup in 2009 and 2010.
In February 2011, she reached the final of the PTT Pattaya Open, where she was defeated by Daniela Hantuchová.
Errani's breakthrough year came in 2012. At the 2012 Australian Open Errani advanced to her first grand slam quarterfinals, defeating Nadia Petrova, Sorana Cirstea, and Jie Zheng en route before losing to Petra Kvitova. Her ranking jumped to World No.33, a career best.
At the Abierto Monterrey Open, Errani was the 2nd seed where she reached the semi-finals, losing to eventual champion Timea Babos 6–4 6–7 6–4, but she triumphed in Acupulco on clay as the 3rd seed, winning her 3rd career title. She defeated fellow italians Roberta Vinci 7–5 6–1 and 2nd seed Flavia Pennetta 6–7(5) 7–5 6–0 in her last two matches.
Errani fell in the opening rounds of Indian Wells to Vania King 7–6 6–4, and in the 2nd round of the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open against Sloane Stephens 3–6 6–2 7–5.
As the 7th seed at the Barcelona Ladies Open, Errani stormed to her 4th career title and 2nd of the year year, not dropping a set as she sweeped through the draw , beating 2nd seeded Julia Goerges 6–2 6–3 (in QF), Carla Suarez Navarro 6–1 6–2 (in SF) and Dominika Cibulkova 6–2 6–2 in the final. Her ranking increased to World No. 28. In the Fed Cup semi-finals against Czech Republic, Errani lost to Petra Kvitova 6–4 6–3 and beat Andrea Hlavackova 3–6 6–2 6–2, with Italy losing the tie 4–1.
On May 7, 2012 Errani won the 2012 Budapest Grand Prix, tieing countrywoman Roberta Vinci for the most titles won by an Italian female in a year at three.[2]
In addition to her singles wins, Errani also won 5 doubles titles with Roberta Vinci including the 2012 Mutua Madrid Open and the 2012 Internazionali BNL d'Italia. She and Vinci also made the finals of the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open and the 2012 Australian Open.
Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
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Runner-up | 2012 | Australian Open | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Svetlana Kuznetsova Vera Zvonareva |
7–5, 4–6, 3–6 |
Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Runner-up | 2012 | Miami, United States | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova |
6–7(0–7), 6–4, [4–10] |
Winner | 2012 | Madrid, Spain | Clay (blue) | Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina |
6–1, 3–6, [10–4] |
Winner | 2012 | Rome, Italy | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina |
6–2, 7–5 |
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Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
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Winner | 1. | July 13, 2008 | Palermo, Italy | Clay | Mariya Koryttseva | 6–2, 6–3 |
Winner | 2. | July 27, 2008 | Portorož, Slovenia | Hard | Anabel Medina Garrigues | 6–3, 6–3 |
Runner-up | 1. | July 19, 2009 | Palermo, Italy | Clay | Flavia Pennetta | 1–6, 2–6 |
Runner-up | 2. | July 26, 2009 | Portorož, Slovenia | Hard | Dinara Safina | 7–6(7–5), 1–6, 5–7 |
Runner-up | 3. | February 13, 2011 | Pattaya City, Thailand | Hard | Daniela Hantuchová | 0–6, 2–6 |
Winner | 3. | March 4, 2012 | Acapulco, Mexico | Clay | Flavia Pennetta | 5–7, 7–6(7–2), 6–0 |
Winner | 4. | April 15, 2012 | Barcelona, Spain | Clay | Dominika Cibulková | 6–2, 6–2 |
Winner | 5. | May 5, 2012 | Budapest, Hungary | Clay | Elena Vesnina | 7–5, 6–4 |
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Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponent | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winner | 1. | July 13, 2008 | Palermo, Italy | Clay | Nuria Llagostera Vives | Alla Kudryavtseva Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova |
2–6, 7–6(7–1), [10–4] |
Winner | 2. | June 19, 2009 | 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands | Grass | Flavia Pennetta | Michaëlla Krajicek Yanina Wickmayer |
6–4, 5–7, [13–11] |
Runner-up | 1. | February 22, 2010 | Acapulco, Mexico | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Polona Hercog Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová |
6–2, 1–6, [2–10] |
Winner | 3. | April 11, 2010 | Marbella, Spain | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Maria Kondratieva Yaroslava Shvedova |
6–4, 6–2 |
Winner | 4. | April 17, 2010 | Barcelona, Spain | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Timea Bacsinszky Tathiana Garbin |
6–1, 3–6, [10–2] |
Winner | 5. | July 17, 2010 | Palermo, Italy (2) | Clay | Alberta Brianti | Jill Craybas Julia Görges |
6–4, 6–1 |
Runner-up | 2. | October 23, 2010 | Moscow, Russia | Hard (i) | María José Martínez Sánchez | Gisela Dulko Flavia Pennetta |
3–6, 6–2, [6–10] |
Winner | 6. | January 15, 2011 | Hobart, Australia | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Kateryna Bondarenko Līga Dekmeijere |
6–3, 7–5 |
Winner | 7. | February 13, 2011 | Pattaya City, Thailand | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Sun Shengnan Zheng Jie |
3–6, 6–3, [10–5] |
Runner-up | 3. | April 10, 2011 | Marbella, Spain | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Nuria Llagostera Vives Arantxa Parra Santonja |
6–3, 4–6, [5–10] |
Runner-up | 4. | June 12, 2011 | Birmingham, Great Britain | Grass | Roberta Vinci | Olga Govortsova Alla Kudryavtseva |
6–1, 1–6, [5–10] |
Winner | 8. | July 16, 2011 | Palermo, Italy (3) | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Andrea Hlaváčková Klára Zakopalová |
7–5, 6–1 |
Runner-up | 5. | August 27, 2011 | New Haven, United States | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Chuang Chia-jung Olga Govortsova |
5–7, 2–6 |
Runner-up | 6. | January 27, 2012 | Melbourne, Australia | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Svetlana Kuznetsova Vera Zvonareva |
7–5, 4–6, 3–6 |
Winner | 9. | February 26, 2012 | Monterrey, Mexico | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Kimiko Date-Krumm Zhang Shuai |
6–2, 7–6(8–6) |
Winner | 10. | March 4, 2012 | Acapulco, Mexico | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Lourdes Dominguez Lino Arantxa Parra Santonja |
6–2, 6–1 |
Runner-up | 7. | March 31, 2012 | Miami, United States | Hard | Roberta Vinci | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova |
6–7(0–7), 6–4, [4–10] |
Winner | 11. | April 15, 2012 | Barcelona, Spain (2) | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Flavia Pennetta Francesca Schiavone |
6–0, 6–2 |
Winner | 12. | May 13, 2012 | Madrid, Spain | Clay (blue) | Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina |
6–1, 3–6, [10–4] |
Winner | 13. | May 20, 2012 | Rome, Italy | Clay | Roberta Vinci | Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina |
6–2, 7–5 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sara Errani |
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Persondata | |
---|---|
Name | Errani, Sara |
Alternative names | |
Short description | Tennis player |
Date of birth | April 29, 1987 |
Place of birth | Bologna, Italy |
Date of death | |
Place of death |
Ivanovic at the 2011 Hopman Cup. |
|
Country | Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) Serbia (2006–present) |
---|---|
Residence | Basel, Switzerland |
Born | (1987-11-06) November 6, 1987 (age 24) Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia |
Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)[1][2] |
Weight | 69 kg (150 lb) |
Turned pro | August 17, 2003 |
Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
Career prize money | US$ 9,205,362 |
Singles | |
Career record | 320 – 140 (69,8%) |
Career titles | 11 WTA, 5 ITF |
Highest ranking | No. 1 (June 9, 2008) |
Current ranking | No. 14 (May 28, 2012) |
Grand Slam Singles results | |
Australian Open | F (2008) |
French Open | W (2008) |
Wimbledon | SF (2007) |
US Open | 4R (2007, 2010, 2011) |
Other tournaments | |
Championships | SF (2007) |
Doubles | |
Career record | 25–30 |
Career titles | 0 |
Highest ranking | No. 50 (September 25, 2006) |
Current ranking | No. 239 (May 28, 2012) |
Grand Slam Doubles results | |
French Open | 1R (2005, 2007) |
Wimbledon | 3R (2005) |
US Open | 3R (2006) |
Last updated on: May 28, 2012. |
Ana Ivanovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Ана Ивановић, Ana Ivanović[3][4]; Serbian pronunciation: [âna iʋǎːnoʋitɕ] ( listen)) (born November 6, 1987, in Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former world no. 1 Serbian tennis player. As of May 28, 2012, she is ranked 14th on the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings.[5] She beat Dinara Safina to win the 2008 French Open and was the runner-up in singles at the 2007 French Open[6] and the 2008 Australian Open.[7] Competing as a professional since 2003, she has won 11 WTA Tour singles titles. When on form, Ivanovic is known for her aggressive style of play.
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Ivanovic's mother Dragana (Драгана), a lawyer, supports her daughter during most of her matches. Her father Miroslav (Мирослав), a self-employed businessman, attends as many events as he possibly can. Ana has a younger brother, Miloš (Милош), with whom she loves to play basketball.[8]
Aside from her tennis career, Ivanovic also studies finance at a university in Belgrade and Spanish in her spare time.[9] Her inspiration to begin playing was Monica Seles, who at that time played for Yugoslavia.[10]
On September 8, 2007, Ivanovic became a UNICEF National Ambassador for Serbia, alongside Aleksandar Đorđević, Jelena Janković and Emir Kusturica. She takes a special interest in the fields of education and child protection. Ivanovic visited a primary school in Serbia during her inauguration and said that she is "also looking forward to going into the classroom and meeting many kids."[11]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) |
Ivanovic picked up a racket at the age of five after watching Monica Seles, a fellow Yugoslav, on television.[2] She started her career after memorizing the number of a local tennis clinic from an advertisement. At the time, she was forced to train during the morning to avoid bombardments. Later, she admitted that she trained in an abandoned swimming pool in the winter, as there were no other facilities. When she was 15, Ivanovic spent four hours in the locker room crying after a defeat – the first that her new manager had watched. She thought that Dan Holzmann, the manager in question, would drop her, thinking that she was not good enough to become a professional tennis player. He has stayed her manager to this day.
Ivanovic reached the final of the Junior Wimbledon tournament in 2004, losing to Kateryna Bondarenko.[12] In 2004, she went 26–0 on the ITF circuit, and won all five events that she entered, two of them as a qualifier. As a qualifier in Zürich, she overcame a 5–1 third set deficit along with two match points to defeat world no. 29 Tatiana Golovin 7–5,6–7,7–6. She then debuted in the qualifying draw of a Grand Slam at the US Open, where she was defeated by Lioudmila Skavronskaia after winning the first set 6–1 and having two match points on 5–4 in 3rd set. She eventually fell to a close loss, 6–1, 4–6, 5–7. Her first professional breakthrough occurred in the next match, when she took Venus Williams to two tiebreaks, before losing in straight sets in the second round of the Zürich Open. She had held several set points in both sets. She followed up her run in Zürich with a quarterfinal showing at Luxembourg the next week.
Ivanovic won her first career singles title, as a qualifier, in Canberra, Australia, after defeating Melinda Czink in the final. Her ranking continued to rise after wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–3,3–6,7–5 in Miami, Nadia Petrova 6–4,7–5 also in Miami 6–2,6–4, and Vera Zvonareva in Warsaw, all of whom were top-10 players. Ivanovic lost to Amélie Mauresmo at the Australian Open in third round, Doha in third round after Ivanovic had 6–2,2–0 lead and in 3rd set had three break points for 5–2 lead, and Miami Masters in quarterfinals, before defeating her in the third round of the French Open 6–4,3–6,6–3. At that stage in her career it was arguably her biggest win.[13] Ivanovic eventually reached the quarterfinals of that tournament, where she lost to Petrova.[14] Later in the year, Ivanovic reached the semifinals of the Zurich Open and Generali Ladies Linz, losing to Patty Schnyder in both tournaments.Ivanovic finished the year as no. 16.
Ivanovic started the year at the Hopman Cup in Perth, Australia with fellow Serbian Novak Djoković, where the pair narrowly missed the final.[15] To start off her WTA year, she played at the Medibank International in Sydney where she once again defeated Amélie Mauresmo, this time in straight sets 6–2,7–5, before falling to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the quarterfinals 7–6,6–3 after having 5–2 lead in first set. A week later, she lost to Samantha Stosur in the second round of the Australian Open 6–3,7–5.
Ivanovic made it to the third round of the French Open, before losing to Anastasia Myskina. She progressed to the fourth round at Wimbledon, but lost to eventual champion and world no. 1 Amélie Mauresmo in straight sets 7–5,6–3 after beating no. 14 seed Dinara Safina 3–6,7–6,6–1.
Ivanovic made her breakthrough in August when she defeated former world no. 1 Martina Hingis 6–2,6–3 in the final of the Rogers Cup in Montreal before beating Jelena Janković 6–1,6–2, no. 14 seed Katarina Srebotnik 6–4,6–4 and top 10 player Dinara Safina 6–1,6–4. This ultimately led to her winning the United States Open Series, ahead of Kim Clijsters and Maria Sharapova. At the US Open, she lost to Serena Williams.
Ivanovic also played nine tournaments in doubles in 2006, teaming up with Maria Kirilenko and Sania Mirza. Ivanovic and Kirilenko made two semifinals and a final; they ended the year at number 17 in the annual race to the Championships. Ivanovic finished the year ranked world no. 14 in singles and world no. 51 in doubles.
Ivanovic started the year at the 2007 Medibank International where she beat no. 5 Nadia Petrova but lost to Nicole Vaidišová. Seeded 13th at the Australian Open, Ivanovic defeated Agnieszka Radwańska 6–2,3–6,6–2 in the second round, but later lost in the third round to Vera Zvonareva after she missed some opportunities. Immediately after this tournament, she announced that she had split with her coach David Taylor. Ivanovic then played in the 2007 Toray Pan Pacific Open. In the quarterfinals she beat no. 10 Jelena Janković 3–6,6–4,6–2, and in the semifinals she beat No. 1 Maria Sharapova 6–1, 0–1 when Sharapova was forced to retire, but she lost in the Final to Martina Hingis 4–6, 2–6.
At the Tier I Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, she was defeated in the fourth round by Sybille Bammer 6–7,6–0,3–6 after easy wins over Vania King and Alicia Molik. Yaroslava Shvedova then defeated Ivanovic in the second round of the Tier I Sony Ericsson Open in Miami Masters. Later she played a tournament at Amelia Island where she lost in the semifinals to no. 19 and eventual champion Tatiana Golovin 4–6,6–3,4–6 after Ivanovic had break points in all games of serve for Tatiana. It was the first win for her in seven meetings. After she lost in the semifinals she won no. 9 Jelena Janković 7–5,6–3 in quarterfinals.
Ivanovic then returned to Europe to play two clay-court tournaments in preparation for the French Open. In Berlin at the Qatar Telecom German Open, she won her first Tier I clay court title, defeating world no. 4 Svetlana Kuznetsova in the final 3–6,6–4,7–6.It was very long and interesting match, in first set Kuznetsova was leading 5–1 and she officially won the set 6–3.In second set Ivanovic had 2–0 lead, after Kuznetsova equalized on 2–2, Ivanovic again broke for 4–2, but Kuznetsova equalized on 4–4 and Ivanovic officially won the second set 6–4.Third set was the longest one, Kuznetsova first broke Ana's serve for 2–1 lead, but Ana was strong and pulled for 5–3, even then the match wasn't finished because Ivanovic needed tie-break to finally finish the match.However, Ivanovic injured her ankle during the final, which forced her to withdraw from the Tier I Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome. The win in Berlin propelled her into the top ten of the WTA Rankings for the first time, at world no. 8.
Ivanovic had a six-match winning streak heading into the French Open and increased this streak to twelve by reaching the final. She won her first three matches with the loss of only nine games. In her second career quarterfinal at Roland Garros, Ivanovic defeated world no. 3 Kuznetsova 6–0,3–6,6–1, and she then beat world no. 2 Sharapova 6–2,6–1 in less than one hour in the semifinals. In the final, Ivanovic attempted to win her first Grand Slam singles title and complete a sweep of the top three players in the world. However, world no. 1 and two-time defending champion Justine Henin won the match.
At Wimbledon, Ivanovic defeated world no. 9 Nadia Petrova 6–1,2–6,6–4 in the fourth round, and saved three match points to defeat Nicole Vaidišová 4–6,6–2,7–5 in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, three-time former Wimbledon champion Venus Williams defeated Ivanovic 6–2,6–4 after Ivanovic had a break of lead in the second set.
A persistent knee injury sustained at Wimbledon caused Ivanovic to withdraw from Serbian Fed Cup competition against Slovakia and two lead-up events to the US Open.[16] She returned to the tour at the East West Bank Classic in Carson, California, saving two match points in the semifinals with huge winner before defeating no. 3 Janković 4–6,6–3,7–5 in trilling match. In the final, Ivanovic defeated top 10 player Petrova to win the fourth singles title of her career, which raised her ranking to a career-high of world no. 4.
In Ivanovic's first three matches at the US Open, she lost only 10 games. Venus Williams then eliminated her for the second consecutive time at a Grand Slam tournament.
Ivanovic returned to Europe for three tournaments. At the Tier II Luxembourg Championships, Ivanovic qualified for the Sony Ericsson Championships by virtue of reaching the semifinals. In the final, Ivanovic rallied from 6–3, 3–0 down to defeat Daniela Hantuchová 3–6,6–4,6–3 in two hours and 25 minutes. This was her fifth career title. In the quarterfinals and semifinals she beat Tatiana Golovin 6–1,6–2 and Vera Zvonareva 6–4,6–2.
To end the year, Ivanovic played in the Sony Ericsson Championships in Madrid, Spain. Seeded fourth and assigned to the Red Group during the round-robin phase, she defeated world no. 2 Kuznetsova 6–1,4–6,7–5, after she had 4–0 and three break points for 5–0 in the third set she eventually won the set 7–5 and Hantuchová in straight sets 6–2,7–6.She qualified to semifinals and then Sharapova defeated Ivanovic in the final match of the round-robin stage. Because she finished second in her group, Ivanovic played world no. 1 Henin in the semifinals, in which the Belgian won 6–4,6–4.
Ivanovic finished the year with a career-high ranking of world no. 4.
Ivanovic started the year at the 2008 Medibank International where she made the quarterfinals, eventually losing to world no. 1 Justine Henin 2–6,6–2,4–6 despite having had break points on 4–4 in third set.As the fourth seed at the Australian Open, Ivanovic made it all the way to the finals, beating top 10 players Venus Williams for the first time in her career, 7–6,6–4, and coming back from a 0–6, 0–2 deficit against Daniela Hantuchova, eventually winning 0–6, 6–3, 6–4. She fell against world no.5 Maria Sharapova in a tight match 7–5,6–3 in the final. Her ranking rose to world no. 3 as a result of her performance at the tournament, the highest of her career at the time.
In Serbia's Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I D round-robin tie against Poland in Budapest, Ivanovic defeated Urszula Radwańska in straight sets 6–3,6–1. In Serbia's second round-robin tie against Romania, Ivanovic defeated Monica Niculescu 5–7,6–4,7–5 and then teamed with Jelena Janković to win the deciding doubles rubber against the Romanian team 2–6,7–6,7–6, after Janković lost her singles match. In the promotion playoff, Ivanovic beat Renée Reinhard 6–2,3–6,6–3 of the Netherlands, as Serbia advanced to the World Group II playoffs in April.
In March, Ivanovic defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova in the final of the Tier I Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California 6–4,6–3 before wins over top 15 players Francesca Schiavone 2–6,7–5,6–2 and Vera Zvonareva 6–1,6–4 and world no. 4 Jelena Janković 7–6,6–3 in the semifinals.In first set against Jelena she had 5–3 lead and even some set points on 6–5, but eventually won the set 7–6. She lost to Lindsay Davenport in the third round of the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami the following week in straight sets 6–4, 7–6
Ivanovic started her clay-court season as defending champion at the Qatar Telecom German Open in Berlin. She lost to Elena Dementieva 6–2,7–5 for the fourth time in four meetings in the semifinals after beating no. 9 Ágnes Szávay 3–6,6–4,6–3 in the quarterfinals. Ivanovic was seeded second at the 2008 French Open, where she defeated Petra Cetkovská 6–0,6–0 in fourth round, world no. 10 Patty Schnyder 6–3,6–2 in quatrefinals and world no. 3 Jelena Janković in a thrilling encounter in the semifinals 6–4,3–6,6–4. First Jelena had 4–2 lead, then Ivanovic was very near to winning match after 6–4,3–1 lead, then Janković had 4–6,6–3,3–1 after Ana came for 3–3 in third set and again lost her serve, but was able to win the set 6–4.The win guaranteed Ivanovic's ascent to world no. 1 the following week, regardless of her performance in the final. Nonetheless, she went on to defeat Dinara Safina in straight sets 6–4,6–3 in the final, winning her first (and to date, only) Grand Slam singles title.
At Wimbledon, Ivanovic had quick work of her first round match 6–1,6–2, only to encounter an inspired Nathalie Dechy in the second round. Ivanovic looked to be headed for a straight-sets win after having a 5–3 lead in first set, before Dechy eventually launched a comeback that saw her produce two match points, Ivanovic swept the first away, then saved the second matchpoint with a netcord ball, eventually prevailing 6–7,7–6,10–8. She fell against unseeded wildcard Zheng Jie of China in straight sets.
Ivanovic started the summer hard-court season with a third-round loss at the Rogers Cup in Montreal to Tamira Paszek 2–6,6–1,2–6. Ivanovic, bothered by a sore thumb sustained during practice two weeks before Montreal,[17] withdrew from the East West Bank Classic in Los Angeles. Her withdrawal saw her lose the world no. 1 ranking to Janković. The thumb injury also caused her to withdraw from the Summer Olympics in Beijing, which Ivanovic described as "one of the worst moments of her career."[18] Ivanovic, having reclaimed her world no. 1 ranking on August 18, was the top-seeded player at the US Open,[19] but lost to Julie Coin 3–6,6–4,3–6 in very exciting and high-quality second round match. The loss was the earliest defeat of the top-seeded player at the US Open since the 1973 tournament.[20]
In her first match after the US Open, at the Tier I Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Ivanovic was defeated by Nadia Petrova 1–6,6–1,2–6 of Russia in three sets, bringing her win-loss record since the French Open to 4–4. Ivanovic later told the press that she was "just happy to be back injury-free" and that she needed to "play more matches get back into rhythm."[21] Ivanovic then played in Beijing and after two great results she lost to Zheng Jie 6–7(6),6–2,4–6 match after having a break in first and third set and winning 16 more points than her opponent.
Then she came back to Europe to play three more tournaments, first in Moscow where she lost to Dominika Cibulkova 6–2,2–6,7–6 after having two match points.In Zurich open she lost in semifinal to Venus Williams 6–4,3–6,4–6 after leading 3–1 in third set before two easy wins over Marion Bartoli 6–2,6–4 and Petra Kvitova 6–1,6–4.Ivanovic played the Generali Ladies Linz in Linz torunament and was the top seed. She won the tournament by crushing top 10 players Vera Zvonareva 6–2,6–1 and Agnieszka Radwańska 6–2,3–6,7–5 in final and semifinal.
At the year-end Sony Ericsson Championships in Doha, Qatar, Ivanovic was seeded fourth. In her first round-robin match, she was defeated by world no. 1 Janković after she won the best point of the year[citation needed], hot shot. Her next match was against Zvonareva, to whom she also lost in three exciting sets. She withdrew from her final match against Kuznetsova because of a virus.[22]
At the Australian Open, Ivanovic was seeded fifth and won her first two matches in straight sets before losing to 29th seed Russian Alisa Kleybanova in the third round.
Ivanovic took part in Serbia's Fed Cup win in the World Group II tie against Japan. She defeated Ai Sugiyama and Ayumi Morita to help Serbia to a 4–1 win. At the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships, a Premier 5 event, she lost to Serena Williams in the quarterfinals. Around this time, Ivanovic began working with her new coach Craig Kardon, after parting with former coach Sven Groeneveld.[23]
At the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, California, where she was defending champion, Ivanovic advanced to the finals, before losing to Vera Zvonareva. In Miami, Ivanovic lost in the third round to Ágnes Szávay. In April, Ivanovic took part in Serbia's Fed Cup World Group Play-offs against Spain. She defeated Anabel Medina Garrigues to help Serbia gain promotion to the World Group with a 4–0 win.
At the 2009 French Open, Ivanovic won her first three matches in straight sets, before losing to Victoria Azarenka in the fourth round. This early loss caused Ivanovic to fall out of the top ten for the first time since May, 2007. After the loss, Ivanovic announced that she would cease working with Craig Kardon, and would be participating in the adidas Player Development Program, where she would be coached by Sven Groeneveld, Darren Cahill, Mats Merkel and Gil Reyes.[24]
At Wimbledon, Ivanovic was seeded 13th. She faced two match points against Lucie Hradecká, before prevailing. She then took down Sara Errani and 18th seed Samantha Stosur in the second and third rounds in straight sets, before retiring against third seed and eventual finalist Venus Williams.
At the U.S. Open, Ivanovic lost in the first round of a Grand Slam for the first time in her career by succumbing to Kateryna Bondarenko. After the match, former Wimbledon champion Pat Cash criticized Ivanovic's new service motion, stating that watching it was a "painful experience" and that it "[weakened] her threat." He also felt that Ivanovic was "over-analysing" her game and that her main problem was "her lack of confidence."[25]
At the Premier 5 Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Ivanovic suffered her third successive defeat by losing to Lucie Šafářová in the first round. Citing an upper respiratory tract infection, Ivanovic pulled out of the China Open and announced on her website that she was taking the rest of the year off.
She finished the year with a 24–14 match record, her worst since she turned pro, and did not win any titles. Ivanovic only reached three quarterfinals, one semifinal, and one final, and only won back-to-back matches six times. Ivanovic ended the year ranked 21, the first time she had been ranked outside the top 20 since July 2005.
Ivanovic started the year at the 2010 Brisbane International. Seeded third, Ivanovic reached her first semifinal since Indian Wells in 2009. She eventually bowed out to wildcard Justine Henin in Henin's first tournament since her return from retirement. Ivanovic was seeded 20th at the 2010 Australian Open, but lost to Gisela Dulko in the second round in three sets.
Ivanovic then participated in the opening round of the 2010 Fed Cup in Serbia's tie against Russia. She went 0–2 in her singles matches, losing to Svetlana Kuznetsova and Alisa Kleybanova, both in straight sets. She partnered with Jelena Janković in the deciding doubles match, but they fell to Kuznetsova and Kleybanova. Ivanovic then withdrew from Dubai with shoulder tendinitis.
Ivanovic announced that she would be working with Steffi Graf's former coach Heinz Gunthardt on a trial basis during the spring North American hard-court season, suspending her relationship with the Adidas Player Development Program indefinitely. In her first match as Gunthardt's pupil, a one-set semifinal against reigning US Open champion Kim Clijsters in the 2010 Billie Jean King Cup at Madison Square Garden, Ivanovic lost in a tiebreak, despite having held match point. After the match, Ivanovic stated that she had noted improvements in her game.
Despite her improvements reflected in the BNP Paribas Showdown, Ivanovic lost her opening match to world no. 63 Anastasija Sevastova at the 2010 BNP Paribas Open. Never before had she suffered four consecutive losses. By also losing a huge number of ranking points, Ivanovic dropped out of the top 50 for the first time since March 2005. Seeded 25th at the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Ivanovic won her first match since the Australian Open, but then lost to Agnieszka Radwańska in the third round.
In her first clay-court event of the year at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart, Ivanovic suffered a second consecutive loss to Radwańska. In her first doubles match since June 2009, partnering Andrea Petkovic, she lost to Borwell and Kops-Jones.
Unseeded at the 2010 Internazionali BNL d'Italia, Ivanovic had her best week of tennis in nearly two years. She stunned top-10 players Victoria Azarenka and Elena Dementieva, and top-20 player Nadia Petrova, all in straight sets, before losing to eventual champion María José Martínez Sánchez in the semifinals. She was granted a wildcard into the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open in Madrid, and received a bye in the first round due to her semifinal appearance at the Italian Open. She was the first unseeded wildcard to receive a first-round bye in the history of the WTA Tour. She lost in the second round to Jelena Janković, despite leading by a set and a break. Ivanovic entered the 2010 French Open unseeded at a Grand Slam for the first time since 2005. She fell to Alisa Kleybanova in the second round.
In the UNICEF Open, Ivanovic fell to seventh-seeded German Andrea Petkovic in the second round. Ivanovic was defeated in the first round of Wimbledon by 13th seed Shahar Pe'er, and as a consequence saw her ranking drop to world no. 64.
In the opening round of the Bank of the West Classic at Stanford University, Ivanovic avenged her 2009 Australian Open and 2010 French Open defeats to Alisa Kleybanova, before losing in the next round to Marion Bartoli in straight sets. At the Mercury Insurance Open, Ivanovic once again suffered a first-round loss to Shahar Pe'er. At the Western and Southern Financial Group Women's Open, she rallied from a set and a break down to beat Victoria Azarenka in three sets. Ivanovic retired against Kim Clijsters in the semifinals due to a foot injury. Her ranking dramatically improved to world no. 39. The injury caused her to withdraw from the Pilot Pen tournament held in New Haven.
Unseeded at the 2010 US Open, Ivanovic breezed into the fourth round with straight-set victories, before losing to defending and eventual champion Kim Clijsters.
Ivanovic went into the Hansol Korea Open as the seventh seed, but lost her opener to Vera Dushevina. Ivanovic then defeated Kleybanova, the Korea Open champion, in the first round of the 2010 Toray Pan Pacific Open, before again losing to Bartoli in straight sets. Ivanovic avenged her losses to Bartoli at the 2010 China Open, beating the Frenchwoman in straight sets in the first round. On her way to the quarterfinals, Ivanovic scored another top-10 victory by defeating Elena Dementieva for the second time in 2010. Ana fell to world no. 1 Caroline Wozniacki. By virtue of her quarterfinal finish, Ivanovic re-entered the top 30.
Entering the 2010 Generali Ladies Linz as a wildcard, Ivanovic defeated Patty Schnyder in the finals, 6–1, 6–2, in just 47 minutes of play. Ana headed to the 2010 BGL Luxembourg Open as the fourth seed, where she breezed right through to the quarterfinals, before falling to eighth seed Julia Görges. Meanwhile, after making the quarterfinals of the doubles tournament with Yanina Wickmayer, they fell to fourth seeds Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová.
Ivanovic revealed that she had ended her coaching relationship with Swiss star Heinz Gunthardt, because Gunthardt mixed his interest in tennis with being a Swiss television commentator.
By virtue of her title in Linz, Ivanovic qualified for the last tournament of the season, the 2010 Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions. She made it to the finals, where she defeated Russian Alisa Kleybanova for her tenth career title and her second of the year. With her title in Bali, Ivanovic achieved a year-end ranking of no. 17, her fifth finish in the top 20.
Ivanovic started the year with the 2011 Hopman Cup in Perth, Australia. She competed along with Novak Djokovic under the Serbian flag. Ana and Djokovic swept their first two ties against Kazakhstan and Australia, 3–0, but fell against Belgium, 1–2. They did qualify for the final, but due to an injury sustained during Ivanovic's match against Justine Henin, Serbia was forced to withdraw. Along with the Hopman Cup, Ivanovic also withdrew from Sydney.
Ivanovic was seeded 19th at the 2011 Australian Open, where she lost to Ekaterina Makarova, 6–3, 4–6, 8–10, in the first round in 2 hours and 47 minutes. Ivanovic then played in the PTT Pattaya Open, where she fell in the quarterfinals to fifth seed Roberta Vinci in straight sets, 5–7, 3–6. She headed to Dubai as the 14th seed, where she lost against Patty Schnyder in three sets. She stated the loss was in part because of the abdominal injury sustained in the beginning of the season, and she subsequently withdrew from Doha.
Ivanovic then headed to Indian Wells, where she was seeded 19th. After losing her doubles match with Petkovic in a tight three-setter, she lost to Marion Bartoli in the quarterfinals.
Ivanovic then played in the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, where she was seeded 19th. She lost against defending champion Kim Clijsters in her fourth-round match, despite having a 5–1, 40–0 lead in the third set and having five match points. She partnered with Petkovic in doubles where, after scoring a first round win, they stunned sixth-seeded Benesova and Zahlavova Strycova. They withdrew from the doubles competition after Ivanovic lost to Clijsters.
Ivanovic withdrew from the 2011 Andalucia Tennis Experience tournament to better prepare herself for the upcoming clay-court season.[citation needed] However, she joined Serbia in the 2011 Fed Cup event. Ivanovic scored a point for Serbia by beating Daniela Hantuchová in straight sets, 6–2, 6–4, but had to retire in her next match against Dominika Cibulková, as she renewed an injury from the beginning of the season. Despite that, Serbia beat Slovakia in the deciding doubles rubber, 3–2.[citation needed]
Ivanovic's next scheduled tournament was the 2011 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, where she was seeded 15th. After her early exit in the first round, losing to Bethanie Mattek-Sands, Ivanovic headed to 2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia, where she was 13th seed. Ivanovic lost in the second round to Yanina Wickmayer in three sets. Ivanovic withdrew from Strasbourg due to a minor wrist injury. Ana then lost to Johanna Larsson, 6–7, 6–0, 2–6, in her first round match at the 2011 French Open. Ivanovic had a slight resurgence in Birmingham, reaching the semifinals, but lost to Daniela Hantuchová in three sets. Ivanovic lost to Venus Williams in the second round at Eastbourne.
She beat Melanie Oudin in the first round at Wimbledon in straight sets. After her win over Eleni Daniilidou in the second round, also in straight sets, she fell in the third round. She was beaten by Petra Cetkovská who had beaten 13th seed Agnieszka Radwańska in round two. After Wimbledon, Ivanovic hired Nigel Sears, the head of women's tennis at the Lawn Tennis Association, as her coach.[26] In Stanford, Ivanovic fell against Japan's Ayumi Morita in her opening match, 3–6, 5–7. As the fifth seed in Carlsbad, she received a first-round bye. In round two, she avenged the previous week's loss by beating Ayumi Morita, 6–1, 7–6, despite trailing 0–5 in the second set. In the third round, Ana cruised past Alberta Brianti of Italy, 6–1, 6–2. Ivanovic then took on Shuai Peng in the quarterfinals and won in two sets. In the semifinals, she lost against top seed Vera Zvonareva, 7–5, 4–6, 4–6. After losing to Roberta Vinci in her third round match at the Roger's Cup, Ana, who teamed with Andrea Petkovic, had to withdraw in the middle of her doubles match while playing against fourth-seeded Azarenka and Kirilenko. At the US Open, Ivanovic defeated Ksenia Pervak of Russia in the first round. She received a walkover from Petra Cetkovská and advanced to the third round. In the third round, Ivanovic defeated Sloane Stephens, 6–3, 6–4, to advance to the fourth round, where she faced Serena Williams, losing in straight sets 3–6, 4–6, in just 74 minutes. She also played alongside fellow countryman Nenad Zimonjic in the mixed doubles competition for the first time, but fell against Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Yung-jan Chan, 3–6, 4–6.
During the Toray Pan Pacific Open Ivanovic recorded victories in straight sets over Anastasia Rodionova and wildcard Laura Robson, before losing to Maria Kirilenko in the third round.
At the China Open Ivanovic defeated Kimiko Date-Krumm and Svetlana Kuznetsova in straights to reach the third round, where she beat third seed and world no. 4 Vera Zvonareva, 6–2, 6–1. She then faced Agnieszka Radwańska in the quarter-finals. She lost the first set 3–6 and was down 2–3 when she had to retire because of a back injury. Ivanovic received a wild card to play in the 2011 Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions, which she won last year. In her first round she played Italy's Roberta Vinci and defeated her 6–3 6–3. In the semi-finals she beat Russian Nadia Petrova 6–1, 7–5. In the final, she captured her 11 WTA title by beating Anabel Medina Garrigues in straights sets, 6–3, 6–0. This is the first time she had ever defended her title in a tournament.
Ivanovic began her season at the 2012 Brisbane International where she was defeated in the second round by fifth seed Kim Clijsters in three sets, 1–6, 6–1, 3–6 despite leading 3–0 in the final set. Ivanovic's next event was the Apia International Sydney but she lost in the first round to Lucie Šafářová in straight sets, 6–7, 2–6.
Ana then headed over to the 2012 Australian Open where she was seeded 21st. She did not drop a set en route to the fourth round, defeating Lourdes Domínguez Lino, Michaella Krajicek and Vania King along the way. Ana lost in straight sets to World No. 2 Petra Kvitová, 6–2, 7–6 in the fourth round. She cracked the Top 20 after her Round of 16 run.
Ivanovic's next tournament was the 2012 Qatar Total Open. She fell in the second round to Petra Cetkovska in straight sets. Ana then went on unseeded in Dubai, where she upset Francesca Schiavone, and beat Maria Kirilenko, before falling to 3rd seed Caroline Wozniacki.
Ana went over to the 2012 BNP Paribas Open as the 15th seed. She was able to make a run all the way to the semifinals, posting victories over Caroline Wozniacki and Marion Bartoli, who were both in the Top 7. She fell against Maria Sharapova, retiring after being down 4–6, 1–0 in the semifinals. This caused her to enter the Top 10 for the race to the 2012 WTA Tour Championships. She then headed over to Miami, for the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open as the 15th seed, where she made it to the Round of 16, beating Daniela Hantuchova and Vania King in straight sets en route, before eventually falling to seven-time grand slam champion Venus Williams, despite holding a one set lead. She still cracked the Top 15 for the first time since 2009 and became Serbian No.1 for the first time since 2008, this time placing 14th after Miami.
She will now head over to Moscow for the 2012 Fed Cup semifinals, before resuming her 2012 season at the 2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix. During the 2012 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix she fell to Mona Barthel in two tight sets. She than headed over to the newly blue clayed Madrid where she defeated qualifier Mathilde Johannson 6–4 6–1 in the first round. Next up is Russia's Nadia Petrova.
In Roland Garros 2012, she defeated Lara Arruabarrena Vecino (6-1, 6-1) in straight sets in first round and defeated Shahar Peer in the second round.
Ivanovic endorsed Nike apparel and shoes at the beginning of her professional career,[27] but at the beginning of 2006 switched to rival Adidas.[28] Ivanovic then signed a lifetime contract with the company. Ivanovic will become an Ambassador for Adidas once she retires from competitive tennis. She is believed to be the youngest athlete, male or female, to sign a contract of such longevity.[29] She started with the Wilson racquets, eventually using the nCode nBlade.[30] Since the beginning of 2008, Ivanovic has used Yonex racquets. She previously used the RQiS 1 Tour XL 95, but at the beginning of the Western and Southern Financial Group Women's Open 2010 in Cincinnati switched to a prototype version of a new Yonex racket.[31] Ivanovic plays with the Yonex EZONE 100 model.
Ivanovic is an offensive baseliner who is notable for her aggressive play. In 2007 and 2008, Ivanovic was regarded as one of the best competitors on the women's tour.[citation needed] After winning the 2008 French Open and becoming no. 1, Ivanovic endured a decline in form. Many critics attributed this to lack of confidence. At the 2010 Australian Open, Hall of Famer Martina Navratilova commented that, "while she has absolutely no confidence in herself, she still fights till the last point." She has since made some improvements to her playing style after appointing a new coach in 2010. As a result, she started to play with more confidence and won matches more consistently.
Ivanovic's serve is a powerful weapon. She hit a 124.9 mph (201.0 km/h) serve at the French Open in 2007, the fifth fastest serve of all time on the WTA Tour.[32] As of late, however, her serve has become unreliable, mostly due to technical issues with her ball toss. The success of her ball toss is directly associated with her nerves. During the French Open final in 2007, Ivanovic was overcome with nerves and her toss went astray. During Ivanovic's slump in play in 2009, her serve became gradually less effective as her confidence diminished. Ana indicated in 2010 she is confident she has rectified these problems.[33]
Another one of Ivanovic's strengths is her powerful forehand. A flat stroke, hit with not a lot of topspin which gives it its power,[34] it has been considered to be one of the best forehands in the game.[35] Ivanovic tends to hit more winners of this wing. Her backhand, although not as big as her forehand, has improved over the years. Ivanovic's movement and net play were once considered to be her weaknesses, but they have both improved over the years. She is considered now to be considerably faster than when she started playing professional tennis.[citation needed]
Ivanovic's best surface is the clay court, where her height allows her to strike clean winners off of high-bouncing balls. Nonetheless, she is capable of performing well on hard and grass courts as well. When she launched her re-branded site during 2010, she stated in her bio that she likes all surfaces.[10]
Ivanovic has won the following awards:[10]
W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | A | P | Z# | PO | SF-B | F | NMS |
Won tournament, or reached Final, Semifinal, Quarterfinal, Round 4, 3, 2, 1, played in Round Robin or lost in Qualification Round 3, Round 2, Round 1, Absent from a tournament or Participated in a team event, played in a Davis Cup Zonal Group (with its number indication) or Play-off, won a bronze or silver match at the Olympics. The last is for a Masters Series/1000 tournament that was relegated (Not a Masters Series).
Tournament | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | SR | W–L | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Slam Tournaments | ||||||||||||||||||
Australian Open | A | A | 3R | 2R | 3R | F | 3R | 2R | 1R | 4R | 0 / 8 | 17–8 | ||||||
French Open | A | A | QF | 3R | F | W | 4R | 2R | 1R | 3R | 1 / 8 | 25–7 | ||||||
Wimbledon | A | A | 3R | 4R | SF | 3R | 4R | 1R | 3R | 0 / 7 | 17–7 | |||||||
US Open | A | LQ | 2R | 3R | 4R | 2R | 1R | 4R | 4R | 0 / 8 | 13–8 | |||||||
Win–Loss | 0–0 | 0–1 | 9–4 | 8–4 | 16–4 | 16–3 | 8–4 | 5–4 | 5–4 | 5–2 | 1 / 31 | 71–30 | ||||||
Year-End Championship | ||||||||||||||||||
WTA Tour Championships | A | A | A | A | SF | RR | A | A | A | 0 / 2 | 2–4 | |||||||
Tournament of Champions | Not Held | A | W | W | 2 / 2 | 6–0 | ||||||||||||
Career Statistics | ||||||||||||||||||
Titles–Finals | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–5 | 3–4 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | N/A | 11–15 | ||||||
Overall Win–Loss | 12–5 | 37–5 | 40–14 | 35–18 | 51–18 | 38–15 | 24–14 | 33–20 | 32–20 | 20–12 | N/A | 322–141 | ||||||
Year End Ranking | 705 | 97 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 22 | 17 | 22 | – |
Ivanovic has appeared as a character in Smash Court Tennis 3, released in 2007, Virtua Tennis 2009, released in 2009, Grand Slam Tennis for Wii, also released in 2009, Top Spin 4 and Virtua Tennis 4 both released in 2011. She is also featured in Grand Slam Tennis 2, released in 2012.[36] She stars, among others, alongside Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Lindsay Davenport, Anna Chakvetadze, Venus Williams and Maria Sharapova.
Ana has appeared in a song called "Hurricane Ana," produced by Serbian rapper Filip Filipi and Collie Buddz.[37] Also, she appeared on a number of international magazines like FHM (Germany, United Kingdom, Australia), Cosmopolitan (Serbia), Vanidades (Mexico), Grazia (Serbia), The Best Shop (Serbia), Sports Illustrated (South Africa) and others.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ana Ivanović |
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Persondata | |
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Name | Ivanovic, Ana |
Alternative names | Ивановић, Ана |
Short description | Serbian tennis player |
Date of birth | November 6, 1987 |
Place of birth | Belgrade, Serbia |
Date of death | |
Place of death |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011) |
Country | Russia |
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Residence | Moscow, Russia |
Born | (1991-07-03) 3 July 1991 (age 20) Samara, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) |
Weight | 72 kg (160 lb; 11.3 st) |
Turned pro | December 2005 |
Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
Career prize money | $2,020,180 |
Singles | |
Career record | 184–97 |
Career titles | 3 WTA, 5 ITF titles |
Highest ranking | No. 13 (4 July 2011) |
Current ranking | No. 24 (21 May 2012) |
Grand Slam Singles results | |
Australian Open | 3R (2011) |
French Open | QF (2011) |
Wimbledon | 3R (2008, 2010) |
US Open | QF (2011) |
Doubles | |
Career record | 84–47 |
Career titles | 3 WTA, 8 ITF titles |
Highest ranking | No. 58 (4 April 2011) |
Current ranking | No. 102 (29 August 2011) |
Grand Slam Doubles results | |
Australian Open | 1R (2009) |
French Open | 3R (2009) |
Wimbledon | 3R (2010) |
US Open | 2R (2010) |
Last updated on: 29 August 2011. |
Anastasia Sergeyevna Pavlyuchenkova (Russian: Анастасия Сергеевна Павлюченкова, Russian pronunciation: [ɑnɑstɑˈsijə.pɑvlʉˈt͡ɕɛnkova]; born 3 July 1991) is a Russian professional tennis player and a multiple junior Grand Slam champion. Her career-high rank of World No. 13 was achieved on 4 July 2011. From July 2007 to September 2009 she was coached at the Mouratoglou Tennis Academy in France. Since then she has been coached by her brother Aleksandr Pavlyuchenkov.
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Born in Samara, Russia, then part of the Soviet Union in its final months, Pavlyuchenkova first made headlines by winning the 2006 Australian Open junior title by defeating Caroline Wozniacki. She then won the US Open junior title against Tamira Paszek and defended her Australian Open title in 2007, defeating Madison Brengle. Anastasia played for the Sacramento Capitals of the World Team Tennis league in the summer of 2006.
Her success in juniors enabled her to enter ITF and WTA tournaments, winning a small ITF tournament in Italy in May 2006. In October 2006 Pavlyuchenkova received a wild card into the Kremlin Cup and lost in the first round to rising Czech Nicole Vaidišová 6–3 6–3. She then barely missed out on qualifying for the main draw of the 2007 Australian Open, losing to Julia Vakulenko in the final round of qualifying.
Pavlyuchenkova then received a wild card into Wimbledon in 2007, but was beaten by tenth seed Daniela Hantuchová 6–0 6–1 in just forty minutes, winning only fourteen points. In 2008, she entered into Wimbledon as the youngest in the ladies' singles tournament. She won her first round match against the French 17th seed, Alizé Cornet 7–6(6), 7–6(4) and went on to defeat Li Na 6–2, 6–4 from China, before losing to No.11 seed Agnieszka Radwańska from Poland 3–6, 2–6 in the third round.
At the 2008 US Open, the first Grand Slam at which she was able to gain direct entry, she won against the American Vania King 6–2, 4–6, 6–2 in three sets, but was defeated in the second round by then world No. 15 Swiss Patty Schnyder.
Pavlyuchenkova began the season at the ASB Classic as the 7th seed. She lost to Aravane Rezaï 6–2, 6–3 in second round. She then entered at the Moorilla Hobart International where she reached the quarterfinals and lost to the eventual champion Petra Kvitová 1–6, 7–5, 6–3.
She played Tathiana Garbin of the Italy in her opening match at the 2009 Australian Open. She led 4–0 in the final set and had a match point but lost 4–6, 6–2, 5–7.
Pavlyuchenkova then took part in the Open GDF Suez. She defeated Frenchwoman Virginie Razzano 6–4, 6–1 in the first round and was then defeated by the number 3 seed and eventual finalist Elena Dementieva in the second-round, 6–4 6–2.
At the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships, Pavlyuchenkova reached the second round with a win over compatriot Maria Kirilenko, 6–2, 6–4, but lost 0–6, 1–6 to eventual champion Venus Williams in the second.
Pavlyuchenkova upset Serbian World No. 3 Jelena Janković at the Indian Wells tournament in the second round, winning 6–4, 6–4. She then defeated Karin Knapp and Nuria Llagostera Vives en route to the quarterfinals, where she defeated the number 7 seed Agnieszka Radwańska 7–6, 6–4. However, she was defeated by the defending champion and number 5 seed Ana Ivanović in the semi-finals, 6–2, 6–3.
At the Sony Ericsson Open, Pavlyuchenkova defeated Frenchwoman Aravane Rezaï in the first round, whom she lost to in the first round of the ASB Classic earlier in the year. The Russian won this time 4–6, 7–5, 6–3. However, she lost to eventual champion Belorussian Victoria Azarenka 2–6, 2–6 in the second round.
At the French Open, Pavlyuchenkova reached the third round before losing to World No. 1 and compatriot Dinara Safina 6–2 6–0.
At the Wimbledon, Pavlyuchenkova, as the 31st seed, reached the second round before falling to Roberta Vinci.
In Båstad, Pavlyuchenkova opened with a three-set win over Jill Craybas 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 before losing to Maria Kirilenko in the second round 6–2, 6–3.
Seeded 4th at Palermo, Pavlyuchenkova had to retire in the first around against Alberta Brianti whilst trailing 3–6, 0–4.
Pavlyuchenkova played three warm-up tournaments leading up to the 2009 US Open. In Cincinnati, Pavlyuchenkova lost in the second round of qualifying to Tatjana Malek 6–1, 6–2. In Toronto, Pavlyuchenkova lost in the opening round of qualifying to Canadian Heidi El Tabakh in a close match 4–6, 6–1, 6–2. In New Haven, Pavlyuchenkova managed to win her opening match against Ekaterina Makarova 6–3, 6–3 before losing to 2nd seed Caroline Wozniacki 6–1, 6–4.
At the 2009 US Open, Pavlyuchenkova lost in the first round to local hero Melanie Oudin 6–1, 6–2, who went on to beat three more Russians before losing in the quarterfinals.
Beginning her tour of Asia, Pavlyuchenkova made it to the second round of Seoul seeded 6th where she defeated Angela Haynes 7–6(5), 6–2 before losing to Chan Yung-jan 2–6, 6–4, 6–1. At the Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Pavlyuchenkova won her opening match against Spain's Carla Suárez Navarro in straight sets 6–1, 7–6(3) and followed up this win with a victory over 2nd seed Venus Williams 7–6(6), 7–5. In the 3rd round she lost to Frenchwoman Marion Bartoli 6–4, 2–6, 5–7.
The following week at the Premier Mandatory China Open in Beijing, Pavlyuchenkova notched her second successive victory over Venus Williams in as many weeks, defeating the American 3–6, 6–1, 6–4. In doing so, she became second player ever to beat Williams in back-to-back weeks after Lindsay Davenport achieved the feat in the summer of 2004. In third round she defeated Aleksandra Wozniak 6–4 6–4.She then lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–3 6–3.
Pavlyuchenkova started her year at the Brisbane International. She reached the quarterfinals, where she was defeated by Ana Ivanović 6–2, 7–6(6). She then lost in the second round of qualifying in Sydney to Anastasia Rodionova 6–3, 6–3. At the 2010 Australian Open, she lost in the second round to fellow Russian Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–2, 6–2.
Pavlyuchenkova made it to the second round of the 2010 Open GDF Suez by defeating Iveta Benešová 6–1, 6–0. She then lost to top seed Elena Dementieva in two tight sets 6–4, 6–4. She would then make the quarterfinals in Dubai, defeating Daniela Hantuchová 6–3, 6–4. In the quarterfinals she lost to defending champion Venus Williams. It took Williams seven match points to prevail, eventually winning 6–3, 6–4. At the Monterrey Open, Pavlyuchenkova, as the No. 3 seed, reached her first WTA Tour final by defeating Anastasija Sevastova in the semifinals 6–3, 2–6, 6–1. In the final she again faced Daniela Hantuchová and won her first career title in three sets, 1–6, 6–1, 6–0.
Pavlyuchenkova posted average results in Indian Wells and Miami, reaching the third and fourth round, respectively. She would then reach the quarterfinals at the MPS Group Championships in Ponte Vedra Beach, losing to eventual champion Caroline Wozniacki. She would then fall in the early rounds of both Rome and Madrid. Pavlyuchenkova was the 29th seed at the 2010 French Open. She defeated Alizé Cornet and Jill Craybas before falling to top seed Serena Williams in three sets 6–1, 1–6, 6–2.
At the AEGON International, the Russian would lose in the opening round to Lucie Šafářová. Pavlyuchenkova was again seeded 29th at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. She defeated Iveta Benešová and Roberta Vinci before falling in the third round to 3rd seed Wozniacki.
Pavlyuchenkova won her second WTA Tour singles title at the 2010 İstanbul Cup by defeating Elena Vesnina in the final. Pavlyuchenova would recover from a 5–7, 0–4 deficit before winning 5–7, 7–5, 6–4.
Pavlyuchenkova entered the 2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Women's Open. She defeated Daniela Hantuchová and 3rd seed Elena Dementieva to advance to the third round where she defeated 13th seed Shahar Pe'er 5–7, 6–4, 6–4. In the quarterfinals she came back from a 1–5 first set deficit to defeat 12th seed Yanina Wickmayer 7–5, 3–6, 6–1. In the semifinals she fell in three sets to Maria Sharapova 6–4, 3–6, 6–2. She then fell in the opening round of the Rogers Cup, losing to Svetlana Kuznetsova in three sets 7–5, 4–6, 6–1.
At the 2010 US Open, Pavlyuchenkova posted her best Grand Slam result to-date, reaching the round of 16. There she lost to French Open champion Francesca Schiavone 6–3, 6–0.
Pavlyuchenkova opened her 2011 season as the 5th seed in Brisbane. Despite being pushed to three sets in two prior matches, she managed to reach the semifinals, where she fell to eventual champion Petra Kvitová. The following week, in Hobart, Pavlyuchenkova was forced to retire in the opening round against Bethanie Mattek-Sands, already having lost the first set 6–2. At the Australian Open, she advanced to the third round, losing to Iveta Benešová in a tight three-set match, 3–6, 6–1, 5–7.
In Fed Cup competition, Pavlyuchenkova helped Russia rally from an 0–2 deficit against France by winning her reverse singles match against Alizé Cornet and tie-deciding doubles match, partnering with Svetlana Kuznetsova.[1]
In her next tournaments in the Middle East, she would have to play qualifying because of failing to meet the main entry deadline; she qualified for Dubai,[2] but fell in the first round to fellow Russian Alisa Kleybanova in three sets.
In early March she defended her title at the 2011 Monterrey Open, defeating Jelena Janković 2–6, 6–2, 6–3. She would reach the third round of the 2011 BNP Paribas Open, losing to 10th seed Shahar Peer. That was followed by a 4th round loss to 8th seed and eventual champion Victoria Azarenka in three sets at the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open in Miami.
Pavlyuchenkova would begin her clay-court season with a run to the 4th round at the 2011 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart, where she lost to 2nd seed Vera Zvonareva. She then reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 Mutua Madrid Open, losing to Julia Goerges. At the 2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia, Pavlyuchenkova would reach the 4th round, where she lost to 3rd seed Victoria Azarenka.
Pavlyuchenkova was the 14th seed at the 2011 French Open and reached her first ever Grand Slam quarterfinal, losing in three sets to #5 seed and defending champion Francesca Schiavone. At the 2011 Wimbledon Championships, Pavlyuchenkova was beaten in the second round 6–3, 6–3, by Nadia Petrova. Anastasia next played at the 2011 Baku Cup where she lost in the quarterfinals to Galina Voskoboeva 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 during the match, Pavlyuchenkova struck an incredible 27 double faults, effectively surrendering almost seven service games in double faults.
After defeating Anna Tatishvili, Petra Martić and former world number one Jelena Jankovic at the 2011 US Open, Pavlyuchenkova advanced to her second grand slam quarterfinal of the year after a 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 victory over seventh seed Francesca Schiavone. Pavlyuchenkova lost to Serena Williams 7–5, 6–1 in the quarterfinal. She was later fined US$2,000 by the USTA for improper coaching.[3]
Preceded by Victoria Azarenka |
ITF Junior World Champion 2006 |
Succeeded by Urszula Radwańska |
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Persondata | |
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Name | Pavlyuchenkova, Anastasia |
Alternative names | |
Short description | Tennis player |
Date of birth | 3 July 1991 |
Place of birth | Samara, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Date of death | |
Place of death |
The Dubai Tennis Championships (also known as the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) (formerly known for sponsorship reasons as the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships and the Dubai Duty Free Men's and Women's Championships) is a professional tennis tournament owned and organized by Dubai Duty Free and held annually in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on outdoor hardcourts. The tournament organizes both a men's and women's event. The tournament takes place under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai.
For five years Swiss Roger Federer, on the men's side, and Belgian Justine Henin, on the women's side, dominated the singles' tournaments. Between 2003 and 2007, Federer and Henin each won the singles title four times. However, in 2008, neither player managed to reach the finals; Andy Roddick and Elena Dementieva became the new champions. Currently, the reigning champions are Roger Federer and Agnieszka Radwańska.