Plutarco Elías Calles (Spanish pronunciation: [pluˈtarko eˈli.as ˈkaʎes]; 25 September 1877 – 19 October 1945) was a Mexican general and politician. He was president of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, but he continued to be the de facto ruler from 1928–1935, a period known as the maximato. Calles is most noted for a fierce oppression of Catholics that led to the Cristero War, a civil war between Catholic rebels and government forces, and for founding the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (National Revolutionary Party, or PNR), which eventually became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) – which governed Mexico for more than 70 years.

Elías Calles grew up in poverty and deprivation, the son of an alcoholic who was not married to his mother. He adopted the Calles surname from the uncle who raised him after the death of his mother, Maria de Jesús Campuzano. This uncle was a devout atheist and raised his nephew with a fanatical hatred of the Catholic Church. His father, also called Plutarco Elías, was, despite his degenerate nature, descended from a prominent family in the Provincias Internas, most often recorded as Elías González. The first of this line to settle in Mexico was Francisco Elías González de Zayas (1704–1790), a Spaniard of distant Sephardic Jewish ancestry. Elías González emigrated from La Rioja, Spain to Alamos, Sonora, Mexico, in 1729, where, as commander of the presidio of Terrenate, he played a role in the wars against the Yaqui and Apache.

Calles is a municipality in the comarca of Los Serranos in the Valencian Community, Spain.